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Seady M, Schirmbeck G, Taday J, Fróes FT, Baú JV, Jantsch J, Guedes RP, Gonçalves CA, Leite MC. Curcumin attenuates neuroinflammatory damage induced by LPS: implications for the role of S100B. J Nutr Biochem 2024:109768. [PMID: 39278425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Brain disease results in inflammatory damage that alters cell function in microglia and astrocytes as well as other neuronal cell types. Astrocytes modulate blood flow, regulate glutamate metabolism, and exert antioxidant protection. When responding to inflammatory damage, astrocytes enhance immune cell infiltration and amplify inflammatory responses via the upregulation of cytokine production. Several molecules have been proposed to attenuate neuroinflammation and control neurological diseases. Curcumin gained attention due to its capacity to cross the blood-brain barrier and its well-described anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Our study aimed to understand if oral curcumin administration could protect against central nervous system inflammatory damage induced by intracerebroventricular injection of LPS while focusing on astrocyte function. Despite its poor bioavailability, we found that curcumin reaches the central nervous system, prevents the locomotory damage caused by LPS, and reduces inflammatory signaling via IL-1β and COX-2. Furthermore, we observed that curcumin was protective against LPS-induced S100B secretion in the cerebrospinal fluid and GSH reduction in the hippocampal tissue. However, curcumin could not protect the animals from anhedonia, assessed by the sucrose preference test, and weight loss induced by LPS. Our results indicate that oral curcumin administration exerts a protective anti-inflammatory action in the central nervous system, attenuating the sickness behavior induced by ICV LPS. This work demonstrates that curcumin has an important modulative effect on astrocytes, thus suggesting that astrocytes are critical to the anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Seady
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil..
| | - Gabriel Schirmbeck
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil..
| | - Jéssica Taday
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil..
| | - Fernanda Telles Fróes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil..
| | - Jéfeli Vasques Baú
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil..
| | - Jeferson Jantsch
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil..
| | - Renata Padilha Guedes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil..
| | - Carlos-Alberto Gonçalves
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil..
| | - Marina Concli Leite
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil..
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Bitar L, Stonestreet BS, Chalak LF. Key Inflammatory Biomarkers in Perinatal Asphyxia: A Comprehensive Review. Clin Perinatol 2024; 51:617-628. [PMID: 39095100 DOI: 10.1016/j.clp.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
This article summarizes the current evidence regarding inflammatory biomarkers (placental and postnatal) and provides a comprehensive understanding of their roles: (1) diagnostic accuracy to predict the severity of hypoxic-ischemia encephalopathy (HIE), (2) value in assessing treatment responses, and (3) prediction of both short- and long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes. In the early critical stages of perinatal asphyxia, inflammatory biomarkers may guide clinical decision-making. Additional research is required to increase our understanding of the optimal utility of biomarkers to predict the severity, evolution, and developmental outcomes after exposure to HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Bitar
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Barbara S Stonestreet
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island; The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Barrington, RI 02806, USA
| | - Lina F Chalak
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA.
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Sun F, Huang X, Wang H, Lin B, Li H, Wang X, Liu Q. Exploring Dimethylsulfoniopropionate as a potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease: A study using the 3 × Tg-AD mouse model. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 130:155788. [PMID: 38838634 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disorder, affects a broad spectrum of aging populations. AD is characterized by pathological amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, leading to neural degeneration and cognitive decline. The lack of effective treatments for AD highlights the urgent need for novel therapeutic agents, particularly in the early stages. Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is a natural marine compound with antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. However, studies on the efficacy of DMSP in the treatment of AD and its associated mechanisms are limited. PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of action of DMSP as an AD treatment using a preclinical 3 × Tg-AD mouse model. METHODS The research involved administering DMSP (7 μg/mL and 11 μg/mL in drinking water) to four-month-old 3 × Tg-AD mice consecutively for three months. The Y-maze test, novel object recognition test, and Morris water maze test were used to assess memory and learning ability. The relative expression levels and distribution of proteins relevant to Aβ and tau pathology, synapses, and glial cells were analyzed using western blotting and immunofluorescence assays. Additionally, proteomic and bioinformatics approaches were used to explore the potential targets of DMSP treatment. RESULTS DMSP-treated AD mice showed significantly enhanced cognitive function, suggesting that DMSP mitigates memory and learning impairments in AD. Moreover, DMSP diminished the abnormal accumulation of Aβ and phosphorylated tau in both the cortex and hippocampus, which are crucial hallmarks of AD pathology. In addition to its neuroprotective properties, DMSP restored synaptic density and the expression of synaptic and neuronal proteins, which are essential for proper brain function. DMSP displayed anti-inflammatory properties, as evidenced by its ability to suppress inflammatory astrocytes and maintain microglial homeostasis. Notably, DMSP facilitated the maturation of oligodendrocytes (OLs) from oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), a critical process in the development of the brain myelination architecture. Proteomic analysis revealed that DMSP positively influenced biological processes crucial for oligodendrocyte development, myelination, and axonal ensheathment, which are often compromised in patients with AD. Protein validation and brain tissue staining supported the role of DMSP in preserving myelin enrichment and sheath integrity. These therapeutic effects were largely attributed to the enhanced expression of myelin-associated glycoprotein (Mag) and tetraspanin Cd9. CONCLUSION Overall, our findings highlight DMSP as a promising novel therapeutic candidate for AD, offering multifaceted benefits in cognitive and memory enhancement, reduction of Aβ and tau pathology, neuronal synapse protection, anti-inflammatory effects, and myelin sheath restoration as an innovative target compared to other studies. In addition to being a potentially effective treatment for AD, DMSP may also have the potential to address other neurodegenerative diseases that are closely associated with myelin impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanfan Sun
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences & Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and System of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Xuelian Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences & Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hongshuang Wang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, China
| | - Baoyi Lin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences & Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hongyuan Li
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, China; School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Qiong Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences & Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and System of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen 518033, China.
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Hernández-Ortega K, Canul-Euan AA, Solis-Paredes JM, Borboa-Olivares H, Reyes-Muñoz E, Estrada-Gutierrez G, Camacho-Arroyo I. S100B actions on glial and neuronal cells in the developing brain: an overview. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1425525. [PMID: 39027325 PMCID: PMC11256909 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1425525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The S100B is a member of the S100 family of "E" helix-loop- "F" helix structure (EF) hand calcium-binding proteins expressed in diverse glial, selected neuronal, and various peripheral cells, exerting differential effects. In particular, this review compiles descriptions of the detection of S100B in different brain cells localized in specific regions during the development of humans, mice, and rats. Then, it summarizes S100B's actions on the differentiation, growth, and maturation of glial and neuronal cells in humans and rodents. Particular emphasis is placed on S100B regulation of the differentiation and maturation of astrocytes, oligodendrocytes (OL), and the stimulation of dendritic development in serotoninergic and cerebellar neurons during embryogenesis. We also summarized reports that associate morphological alterations (impaired neurite outgrowth, neuronal migration, altered radial glial cell morphology) of specific neural cell groups during neurodevelopment and functional disturbances (slower rate of weight gain, impaired spatial learning) with changes in the expression of S100B caused by different conditions and stimuli as exposure to stress, ethanol, cocaine and congenital conditions such as Down's Syndrome. Taken together, this evidence highlights the impact of the expression and early actions of S100B in astrocytes, OL, and neurons during brain development, which is reflected in the alterations in differentiation, growth, and maturation of these cells. This allows the integration of a spatiotemporal panorama of S100B actions in glial and neuronal cells in the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Hernández-Ortega
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Arturo Alejandro Canul-Euan
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, National Institute of Perinatology Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes (INPer), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | - Ignacio Camacho-Arroyo
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
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She Y, Shao CY, Liu YF, Huang Y, Yang J, Wan HT. Catalpol reduced LPS induced BV2 immunoreactivity through NF-κB/NLRP3 pathways: an in Vitro and in silico study. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1415445. [PMID: 38994205 PMCID: PMC11237369 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1415445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Ischemic Stroke (IS) stands as one of the primary cerebrovascular diseases profoundly linked with inflammation. In the context of neuroinflammation, an excessive activation of microglia has been observed. Consequently, regulating microglial activation emerges as a vital target for neuroinflammation treatment. Catalpol (CAT), a natural compound known for its anti-inflammatory properties, holds promise in this regard. However, its potential to modulate neuroinflammatory responses in the brain, especially on microglial cells, requires comprehensive exploration. Methods: In our study, we investigated into the potential anti-inflammatory effects of catalpol using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglial cells as an experimental model. The production of nitric oxide (NO) by LPS-activated BV2 cells was quantified using the Griess reaction. Immunofluorescence was employed to measure glial cell activation markers. RT-qPCR was utilized to assess mRNA levels of various inflammatory markers. Western blot analysis examined protein expression in LPS-activated BV2 cells. NF-κB nuclear localization was detected by immunofluorescent staining. Additionally, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations (MDs) were conducted to explore the binding affinity of catalpol with key targets. Results: Catalpol effectively suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO) induced by LPS and reduced the expression of microglial cell activation markers, including Iba-1. Furthermore, we observed that catalpol downregulated the mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β, as well as key molecules involved in the NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB pathway, including NLRP3, NF-κB, caspase-1, and ASC. Our mechanistic investigations shed light on how catalpol operates against neuroinflammation. It was evident that catalpol significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, both of which serve as upstream regulators of the inflammatory cascade. Molecular docking and MDs showed strong binding interactions between catalpol and key targets such as NF-κB, NLRP3, and IL-1β. Conclusion: Our findings support the idea that catalpol holds the potential to alleviate neuroinflammation, and it is achieved by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB, ultimately leading to the downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Catalpol emerges as a promising candidate for the treatment of neuroinflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong She
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chong-yu Shao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuan-feng Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiehong Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hai-tong Wan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Janković T, Pilipović K. Single Versus Repetitive Traumatic Brain Injury: Current Knowledge on the Chronic Outcomes, Neuropathology and the Role of TDP-43 Proteinopathy. Exp Neurobiol 2023; 32:195-215. [PMID: 37749924 PMCID: PMC10569144 DOI: 10.5607/en23008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most important causes of death and disability in adults and thus an important public health problem. Following TBI, secondary pathophysiological processes develop over time and condition the development of different neurodegenerative entities. Previous studies suggest that neurobehavioral changes occurring after a single TBI are the basis for the development of Alzheimer's disease, while repetitive TBI is considered to be a contributing factor for chronic traumatic encephalopathy development. However, pathophysiological processes that determine the evolvement of a particular chronic entity are still unclear. Human post-mortem studies have found combinations of amyloid, tau, Lewi bodies, and TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) pathologies after both single and repetitive TBI. This review focuses on the pathological changes of TDP-43 after single and repetitive brain traumas. Numerous studies have shown that TDP-43 proteinopathy noticeably occurs after repetitive head trauma. A relatively small number of available preclinical research on single brain injury are not in complete agreement with the results from the human samples, which makes it difficult to draw specific conclusions. Also, as TBI is considered a heterogeneous type of injury, different experimental trauma models and injury intensities may cause differences in the cascade of secondary injury, which should be considered in future studies. Experimental and post-mortem studies of TDP-43 pathobiology should be carried out, preferably in the same laboratories, to determine its involvement in the development of neurodegenerative conditions after one and repetitive TBI, especially in the context of the development of new therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Janković
- Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka 51000, Croatia
| | - Kristina Pilipović
- Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka 51000, Croatia
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Perrone S, Grassi F, Caporilli C, Boscarino G, Carbone G, Petrolini C, Gambini LM, Di Peri A, Moretti S, Buonocore G, Esposito SMR. Brain Damage in Preterm and Full-Term Neonates: Serum Biomarkers for the Early Diagnosis and Intervention. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020309. [PMID: 36829868 PMCID: PMC9952571 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The Brain is vulnerable to numerous insults that can act in the pre-, peri-, and post-natal period. There is growing evidence that demonstrate how oxidative stress (OS) could represent the final common pathway of all these insults. Fetuses and newborns are particularly vulnerable to OS due to their inability to active the antioxidant defenses. Specific molecules involved in OS could be measured in biologic fluids as early biomarkers of neonatal brain injury with an essential role in neuroprotection. Although S-100B seems to be the most studied biomarker, its use in clinical practice is limited by the complexity of brain damage etiopathogenesis and the time of blood sampling in relation to the brain injury. Reliable early specific serum markers are currently lacking in clinical practice. It is essential to determine if there are specific biomarkers that can help caregivers to monitor the progression of the disease in order to active an early neuroprotective strategy. We aimed to describe, in an educational review, the actual evidence on serum biomarkers for the early identification of newborns at a high risk of neurological diseases. To move the biomarkers from the bench to the bedside, the assays must be not only be of a high sensitivity but suitable for the very rapid processing and return of the results for the clinical practice to act on. For the best prognosis, more studies should focus on the association of these biomarkers to the type and severity of perinatal brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serafina Perrone
- Neonatology Unit, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Federica Grassi
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Chiara Caporilli
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Boscarino
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Giulia Carbone
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Chiara Petrolini
- Neonatology Unit, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Lucia Maria Gambini
- Neonatology Unit, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Peri
- Neonatology Unit, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Sabrina Moretti
- Neonatology Unit, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Buonocore
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Samartsev IN, Zhivolupov SA, Gorbatenkova OV, Ponomarev VV, Butakova JS. [Biomarkers of neuroinflammation in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia during the therapy with vinpocetine (study INFLAMARK)]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2023; 123:50-58. [PMID: 38147382 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202312312150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of vinpocetine therapy on clinical manifestations of chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) and the blood concentrations of neuroinflammation markers (S100B, IL-1β). MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 30 patients (mean age 61.6 [56.9; 67.9] years) with CCI that received vinpocetine (30 mg/day) for 3 months. Brain changes according to magnetic resonance imaging data were assessed using the STRIVE protocol. We analyzed the dynamics of changes in the clinical questionnaires: Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Asthenic State Scale (ASS), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), general impressions of treatment (Global Rating of Change Scale, GRC). RESULTS In 3 months after vinpocetine therapy there was a significant improvement in cognitive status (MoCA: 25.1±2.1 vs 26.6±1.4 p<0.05), emotional state (HADS: 8.4±1.4 vs 7.1±1.8 (p<0.05)), daytime sleep parameters (ESS 8.4±2.1 vs 6.2±2.3 p<0.05) and reduction in asthenia (ASS: 72.2±18.1 vs 52.3±9.3, p<0.05). A significantly larger proportion of patients assessed the improvement from therapy as «moderate» and «pronounced» (GRC, n=22, 73.3%). Concentrations of S100B and IL-1β decreased significantly by the time therapy was completed. The overall severity of cerebrovascular changes according to MRI was significantly associated with blood levels of S100β, but not IL-1β: β=0.504, p=0.026, 95% CI 0.149-0.901, mainly due to periventricular changes in white matter (β=0.562, p=0.035, 95% CI (-0.024-0.820). Blood levels of S100β correlated with MoCA test results (r=0.6795), and IL-1β correlated with ESS scores (r=0. 6657). CONCLUSIONS The use of vinpocetine can significantly reduce the severity of cognitive and affective disorders, asthenia, normalize the circadian rhythm of sleep, suppress the expression S100β and IL-1β in patients with CCI. One of the vinpocetine's mechanisms of action may be the inhibition of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I N Samartsev
- Kirov Military medical academy, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | | | | | - J S Butakova
- Novodvinsk Central City Hospital, Novodvinsk, Russia
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Mafuika SN, Naicker T, Harrichandparsad R, Lazarus L. The potential of serum S100 calcium-binding protein B and glial fibrillary acidic protein as biomarkers for traumatic brain injury. TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH IN ANATOMY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2022.100228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Beker MC, Pence ME, Yagmur S, Caglayan B, Caglayan A, Kilic U, Yelkenci HE, Altintas MO, Caglayan AB, Doeppner TR, Hermann DM, Kilic E. Phosphodiesterase 10A deactivation induces long-term neurological recovery, Peri-infarct remodeling and pyramidal tract plasticity after transient focal cerebral ischemia in mice. Exp Neurol 2022; 358:114221. [PMID: 36075453 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The phosphodiesterase (PDE) superfamily comprises enzymes responsible for the cAMP and cGMP degradation to AMP and GMP. PDEs are abundant in the brain, where they are involved in several neuronal functions. High PDE10A abundance was previously observed in the striatum; however its consequences for stroke recovery were unknown. Herein, we evaluated the effects of PDE10A deactivation by TAK-063 (0.3 or 3 mg/kg, initiated 72 h post-stroke) in mice exposed to intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion. We found that PDE10A deactivation over up to eight weeks dose-dependently increased long-term neuronal survival, angiogenesis, and neurogenesis in the peri-infarct striatum, which represents the core of the middle cerebral artery territory, and reduced astroglial scar formation, whole brain atrophy and, more specifically, striatal atrophy. Functional motor-coordination recovery and the long-distance plasticity of pyramidal tract axons, which originate from the contralesional motor cortex and descend through the contralesional striatum to innervate the ipsilesional facial nucleus, were enhanced by PDE10A deactivation. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) revealed a set of dopamine receptor-related and neuronal plasticity-related PDE10A targets, which were elevated (e.g., protein phosphatase-1 regulatory subunit 1B) or reduced (e.g., serine/threonine protein phosphatase 1α, β-synuclein, proteasome subunit α2) by PDE10A deactivation. Our results identify PDE10A as a therapeutic target that critically controls post-ischemic brain tissue remodeling and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa C Beker
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey; Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Mahmud E Pence
- Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sumeyya Yagmur
- Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berrak Caglayan
- Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Medical Genetics, International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysun Caglayan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey; Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ulkan Kilic
- Department of Medical Biology, International School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hayriye E Yelkenci
- Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet O Altintas
- Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet B Caglayan
- Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Physiology, International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Thorsten R Doeppner
- Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurology, University Medicine Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk M Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Ertugrul Kilic
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey; Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Chukaew P, Bunmak N, Auampradit N, Siripaiboonkij A, Saengsawang W, Ratta‐apha W. Correlation of
BDNF
,
VEGF
,
TNF
‐α, and
S100B
with cognitive impairments in chronic, medicated schizophrenia patients. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2022; 42:281-287. [PMID: 35733332 PMCID: PMC9515706 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a prominent cause of disability in schizophrenia. Although antipsychotic drugs can rescue the psychotic symptoms, the cognitive impairments persist, with no treatment available. Alterations of BDNF, VEGF, TNF‐α, and S100B have been linked to cognitive impairment in several neurological disorders. However, it remains unclear whether their levels are correlated with the cognitive functions of schizophrenia patients. Forty‐one chronic, medicated schizophrenia patients were included in this study. Enzyme‐linked, immunosorbent assays were used to measure the serum concentrations of BDNF, VEGF, TNF‐α, and S100B. Associations between serum protein levels and various domains of the cognitive functions of the schizophrenia patients were observed. We found significant, positive correlations between serum BDNF and the processing speed and attention levels of the patients. Serum VEGF was also positively correlated with their memory and learning functions. In contrast, serum S100B and TNF‐α were negatively correlated with the processing speed and attention of the schizophrenia patients. The findings warrant further investigation of these molecules as potential prognostic markers or treatment targets for cognitive impairment in schizophrenia patients. Associations between serum protein levels and domains of the cognitive functions of the schizophrenia patients were investigated. The results show 1) positive correlations between serum BDNF and the processing speed and attention levels, 2) positive correlations between serum VEGF and the memory and learning functions, and 3) negative correlation between serum S100B and TNF‐α and the processing speed and attention.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Phatcharee Chukaew
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Nutthaya Bunmak
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Natchaphon Auampradit
- Department of Psychiatry Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Apinya Siripaiboonkij
- Department of Psychiatry Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Witchuda Saengsawang
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand
- Center for Neuroscience, Faculty of Science Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Woraphat Ratta‐apha
- Department of Psychiatry Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand
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12
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Şahin E, Karaaslan Z, Şanlı E, Timirci Kahraman Ö, Ulusoy C, Kocasoy Orhan E, Ekizoğlu E, Küçükali Cİ, Tüzün E, Baykan B. Reduced expression of inflammasome complex components in cluster headache. Headache 2022; 62:967-976. [DOI: 10.1111/head.14334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erdi Şahin
- Headache Unit, Department of Neurology Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Zerrin Karaaslan
- Department of Neuroscience Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University Istanbul Turkey
- Institute of Graduate Studies in Health Sciences Istanbul University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Elif Şanlı
- Department of Neuroscience Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Özlem Timirci Kahraman
- Department of Molecular Medicine Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Canan Ulusoy
- Department of Neuroscience Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Elif Kocasoy Orhan
- Headache Unit, Department of Neurology Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Esme Ekizoğlu
- Headache Unit, Department of Neurology Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Cem İsmail Küçükali
- Department of Neuroscience Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Erdem Tüzün
- Department of Neuroscience Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Betül Baykan
- Headache Unit, Department of Neurology Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University Istanbul Turkey
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13
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Wang Q, Xu M, Xiao M, Luan X, Chen H, Ruan Y, Wang L, Tu Y, Huang G, He J. The relationship between serum levels of S-100β and anxiety symptoms in patients with acute stroke. Psychogeriatrics 2022; 22:291-298. [PMID: 35229415 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-stroke anxiety (PSA) is a common neuropsychiatric affective disorder occurring after a stroke. Animal experiments have indicated that serum S-100β levels are closely related to anxiety disorder. No clinical study has been done to explore the relationship between serum S-100β levels and anxiety symptoms in patients with acute stroke. The aim of our study was to investigate the association between serum S-100β levels and PSA. METHODS One hundred twenty-six acute stroke patients were recruited and followed up for 1 month. Blood samples were collected within 24 h after admission. The levels of serum S-100β were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Patients with significant clinical symptoms of anxiety and a Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale score >7 at 1 month after stroke were diagnosed as PSA. RESULTS Serum S-100β levels in the non-PSA group were lower than the PSA group (838.97 (678.20-993.59) ng/L vs. 961.87 (796.09-1479.59) ng/L, Z = -2.661, P = 0.008). In multivariate analyses, we found that decreased risk of PSA was associated with low tertile serum S-100β levels (≤753.8 ng/L, OR 0.062, 95% CI 0.008-0.475, P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS Low serum S-100β levels at admission may be associated with the decreased risk of PSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongzhang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Minjie Xu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Meijuan Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqian Luan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huijun Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yiting Ruan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liuyuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yujie Tu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guiqian Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jincai He
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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14
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Old and New Biomarkers for Infection, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity in Treatment-Resistant Affective and Schizophrenic Spectrum Disorders. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15030299. [PMID: 35337097 PMCID: PMC8949012 DOI: 10.3390/ph15030299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Affective (AF) and Schizophrenic (SZ) Spectrum disorders manifest with risk factors, involving inflammatory processes linked to infections and autoimmunity. This study searched for novel biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood. A total of 29 AF and 39 SZ patients with treatment-resistant disease were included. In CSF, the chemokine IL-8 was significantly elevated in AF and SZ patients. IL-8 promotes chemotaxis by neutrophils and may originate from different tissues. S100B, a glia-derived brain damage marker, was higher in CSF from AF than SZ patients. Among the plasma-derived biomarkers, ferritin was elevated in AF and SZ. Soluble CD25, indicating Treg dysfunction, was higher in SZ than in AF patients. Interferon-γ, implying virus-specific immune activation, was positive in selective AF patients, only. Both groups showed elevated expression of immunosuppressive CD33 on monocytes, but higher amounts of CD123+ plasmacytoid dendritic cells were restricted to SZ. In conclusion, chemotactic IL-8 indicates neuronal stress and inflammation in the CSF of both groups. Novel plasma-derived biomarkers such as sCD25 and monocytic CD33 distinguish SZ from AF with an autoimmune phenotype.
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15
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Lucarini E, Seguella L, Vincenzi M, Parisio C, Micheli L, Toti A, Corpetti C, Del Re A, Squillace S, Maftei D, Lattanzi R, Ghelardini C, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Esposito G. Role of Enteric Glia as Bridging Element between Gut Inflammation and Visceral Pain Consolidation during Acute Colitis in Rats. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111671. [PMID: 34829900 PMCID: PMC8616000 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute inflammation is particularly relevant in the pathogenesis of visceral hypersensitivity associated with inflammatory bowel diseases. Glia within the enteric nervous system, as well as within the central nervous system, contributes to neuroplasticity during inflammation, but whether enteric glia has the potential to modify visceral sensitivity following colitis is still unknown. This work aimed to investigate the occurrence of changes in the neuron–glial networks controlling visceral perception along the gut–brain axis during colitis, and to assess the effects of peripheral glial manipulation. Enteric glia activity was altered by the poison fluorocitrate (FC; 10 µmol kg−1 i.p.) before inducing colitis in animals (2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid, DNBS; 30 mg in 0.25 mL EtOH 50%), and visceral sensitivity, colon damage, and glia activation along the pain pathway were studied. FC injection significantly reduced the visceral hyperalgesia, the histological damage, and the immune activation caused by DNBS. Intestinal inflammation is associated with a parallel overexpression of TRPV1 and S100β along the gut–brain axis (colonic myenteric plexuses, dorsal root ganglion, and periaqueductal grey area). This effect was prevented by FC. Peripheral glia activity modulation emerges as a promising strategy for counteracting visceral pain induced by colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lucarini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Neurofarba, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (C.P.); (L.M.); (A.T.); (C.G.)
| | - Luisa Seguella
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (M.V.); (C.C.); (A.D.R.); (D.M.); (R.L.); (G.E.)
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Martina Vincenzi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (M.V.); (C.C.); (A.D.R.); (D.M.); (R.L.); (G.E.)
| | - Carmen Parisio
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Neurofarba, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (C.P.); (L.M.); (A.T.); (C.G.)
| | - Laura Micheli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Neurofarba, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (C.P.); (L.M.); (A.T.); (C.G.)
| | - Alessandra Toti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Neurofarba, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (C.P.); (L.M.); (A.T.); (C.G.)
| | - Chiara Corpetti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (M.V.); (C.C.); (A.D.R.); (D.M.); (R.L.); (G.E.)
| | - Alessandro Del Re
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (M.V.); (C.C.); (A.D.R.); (D.M.); (R.L.); (G.E.)
| | - Silvia Squillace
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology and the Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA;
| | - Daniela Maftei
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (M.V.); (C.C.); (A.D.R.); (D.M.); (R.L.); (G.E.)
| | - Roberta Lattanzi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (M.V.); (C.C.); (A.D.R.); (D.M.); (R.L.); (G.E.)
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Neurofarba, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (C.P.); (L.M.); (A.T.); (C.G.)
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Neurofarba, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (C.P.); (L.M.); (A.T.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Giuseppe Esposito
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (M.V.); (C.C.); (A.D.R.); (D.M.); (R.L.); (G.E.)
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16
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Differential Expression Patterns of TDP-43 in Single Moderate versus Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212211. [PMID: 34830093 PMCID: PMC8621440 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a disabling disorder and a major cause of death and disability in the world. Both single and repetitive traumas affect the brain acutely but can also lead to chronic neurodegenerative changes. Clinical studies have shown some dissimilarities in transactive response DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) expression patterns following single versus repetitive TBI. We explored the acute cortical post-traumatic changes of TDP-43 using the lateral fluid percussion injury (LFPI) model of single moderate TBI in adult male mice and investigated the association of TDP-43 with post-traumatic neuroinflammation and synaptic plasticity. In the ipsilateral cortices of animals following LFPI, we found changes in the cytoplasmic and nuclear levels of TDP-43 and the decreased expression of postsynaptic protein 95 within the first 3 d post-injury. Subacute pathological changes of TDP-43 in the hippocampi of animals following LFPI and in mice exposed to repetitive mild TBI (rmTBI) were studied. Changes in the hippocampal TDP-43 expression patterns at 14 d following different brain trauma procedures showed pathological alterations only after single moderate, but not following rmTBI. Hippocampal LFPI-induced TDP-43 pathology was not accompanied by the microglial reaction, contrary to the findings after rmTBI, suggesting that different types of brain trauma may cause diverse pathophysiological changes in the brain, specifically related to the TDP-43 protein as well as to the microglial reaction. Taken together, our findings may contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiological events following brain trauma.
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17
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Sarkar S, Biswas SC. Astrocyte subtype-specific approach to Alzheimer's disease treatment. Neurochem Int 2021; 145:104956. [PMID: 33503465 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.104956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes respond to any pathological condition in the central nervous system (CNS) including Alzheimer's disease (AD), and this response is called astrocyte reactivity. Astrocyte reaction to a CNS insult is a highly heterogeneous phenomenon in which the astrocytes undergo a set of morphological, molecular and functional changes with a characteristic secretome profile. Such astrocytes are termed as 'reactive astrocytes'. Controversies regarding the reactive astrocytes abound. Recently, a continuum of reactive astrocyte profiles with distinct transcriptional states has been identified. Among them, disease-associated astrocytes (DAA) were uniquely present in AD mice and expressed a signature set of genes implicated in complement cascade, endocytosis and aging. Earlier, two stimulus-specific reactive astrocyte subtypes with their unique transcriptomic signatures were identified using mouse models of neuroinflammation and ischemia and termed as A1 astrocytes (detrimental) and A2 astrocytes (beneficial) respectively. Interestingly, although most of the A1 signature genes were also detected in DAA, as opposed to A2 astrocyte signatures, some of the A1 specific genes were expressed in other astrocyte subtypes, indicating that these nomenclature-based signatures are not very specific. In this review, we elaborate the disparate functions and cytokine profiles of reactive astrocyte subtypes in AD and tried to distinguish them by designating neurotoxic astrocytes as A1-like and neuroprotective ones as A2-like without directly referring to the A1/A2 original nomenclature. We have also focused on the dual nature from a functional perspective of some cytokines depending on AD-stage, highlighting a number of them as major candidates in AD therapy. Therefore, we suggest that promoting subtype-specific beneficial roles, inhibiting subtype-specific detrimental roles or targeting subtype-specific cytokines constitute a novel therapeutic approach to AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Sarkar
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700 032, India
| | - Subhas C Biswas
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700 032, India.
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18
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Langeh U, Singh S. Targeting S100B Protein as a Surrogate Biomarker and its Role in Various Neurological Disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 19:265-277. [PMID: 32727332 PMCID: PMC8033985 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200729100427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders (ND) are the central nervous system (CNS) related complications originated by enhanced oxidative stress, mitochondrial failure and overexpression of proteins like S100B. S100B is a helix-loop-helix protein with the calcium-binding domain associated with various neurological disorders through activation of the MAPK pathway, increased NF-kB expression resulting in cell survival, proliferation and gene up-regulation. S100B protein plays a crucial role in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, Schizophrenia and epilepsy because the high expression of this protein directly targets astrocytes and promotes neuroinflammation. Under stressful conditions, S100B produces toxic effects mediated through receptor for advanced glycation end products (AGE) binding. S100B also mediates neuroprotection, minimizes microgliosis and reduces the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) but that are concentration- dependent mechanisms. Increased level of S100B is useful for assessing the release of inflammatory markers, nitric oxide and excitotoxicity dependent neuronal loss. The present review summarizes the role of S100B in various neurological disorders and potential therapeutic measures to reduce the prevalence of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urvashi Langeh
- Department of Neuropharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Shamsher Singh
- Department of Neuropharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
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19
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Wang Z, Guo W, Yi F, Zhou T, Li X, Feng Y, Guo Q, Xu H, Song X, Cao L. The Regulatory Effect of SIRT1 on Extracellular Microenvironment Remodeling. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:89-96. [PMID: 33390835 PMCID: PMC7757024 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.52619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The sirtuins family is well known by its unique nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylase function. The most-investigated member of the family, Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), accounts for deacetylating a broad range of transcription factors and coregulators, such as p53, the Forkhead box O (FOXO), and so on. It serves as a pivotal regulator in various intracellular biological processes, including energy metabolism, DNA damage response, genome stability maintenance and tumorigenesis. Although the most attention has been focused on its intracellular functions, the regulatory effect on extracellular microenvironment remodeling of SIRT1 has been recognized by researchers recently. SIRT1 can regulate cell secretion process and participate in glucose metabolism, neuroendocrine function, inflammation and tumorigenesis. Here, we review the advances in the understanding of SIRT1 on remodeling the extracellular microenvironment, which may provide new ideas for pathogenesis investigation and guidance for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China, 110122
| | - Wendong Guo
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China, 110122
| | - Fei Yi
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China, 110122
| | - Tingting Zhou
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China, 110122
| | - Xiaoman Li
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China, 110122
| | - Yanling Feng
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China, 110122
| | - Qiqiang Guo
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China, 110122
| | - Hongde Xu
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China, 110122
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China, 110122
| | - Liu Cao
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China, 110122
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20
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Santos G, Barateiro A, Brites D, Fernandes A. S100B Impairs Oligodendrogenesis and Myelin Repair Following Demyelination Through RAGE Engagement. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:279. [PMID: 33100970 PMCID: PMC7500156 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased expression of S100B and its specific receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) has been described in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), being associated with an active demyelinating process. We previously showed that a direct neutralization of S100B reduces lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)-induced demyelination and inflammation using an ex vivo demyelinating model. However, whether S100B actions occur through RAGE and how oligodendrogenesis and remyelination are affected are not clarified. To evaluate the role of the S100B–RAGE axis in the course of a demyelinating insult, organotypic cerebellar slice cultures (OCSC) were demyelinated with LPC in the presence or absence of RAGE antagonist FPS-ZM1. Then, we explored the effects of the S100B–RAGE axis inhibition on glia reactivity and inflammation, myelination and neuronal integrity, and on oligodendrogenesis and remyelination. In the present study, we confirmed that LPC-induced demyelination increased S100B and RAGE expression, while RAGE antagonist FPS-ZM1 markedly reduced their content and altered RAGE cellular localization. Furthermore, FPS-ZM1 prevented LPC-induced microgliosis and astrogliosis, as well as NF-κB activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression. In addition, RAGE antagonist reduced LPC-induced demyelination having a beneficial effect on axonal and synaptic protein preservation. We have also observed that RAGE engagement is needed for LPC-induced oligodendrocyte (OL) maturation arrest and loss of mature myelinating OL, with these phenomena being prevented by FPS-ZM1. Our data suggest that increased levels of mature OL in the presence of FPS-ZM1 are related to increased expression of microRNAs (miRs) associated with OL differentiation and remyelination, such as miR-23a, miR-219a, and miR-338, which are defective upon LPC incubation. Finally, our electron microscopy data show that inhibition of the S100B–RAGE axis prevents axonal damage and myelin loss, in parallel with enhanced functional remyelination, as observed by the presence of thinner myelin sheaths when compared with Control. Overall, our data implicate the S100B–RAGE axis in the extent of myelin and neuronal damage, as well as in the inflammatory response that follows a demyelinating insult. Thus, prevention of RAGE engagement may represent a novel strategy for promoting not only inflammatory reduction but also neuronal and myelin preservation and/or remyelination, improving recovery in a demyelinating condition as MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Santos
- Neuron Glia Biology in Health and Disease, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andreia Barateiro
- Neuron Glia Biology in Health and Disease, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Dora Brites
- Neuron Glia Biology in Health and Disease, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Adelaide Fernandes
- Neuron Glia Biology in Health and Disease, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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21
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Zhang X, Lao K, Qiu Z, Rahman MS, Zhang Y, Gou X. Potential Astrocytic Receptors and Transporters in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 67:1109-1122. [PMID: 30741675 DOI: 10.3233/jad-181084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and is characterized by the progressive loss of memory and cognition in the aging population. However, the etiology of and therapies for AD remain far from understood. Astrocytes, the most abundant neuroglia in the brain, have recently aroused substantial concern due to their involvement in synaptotoxicity, amyloidosis, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. In this review, we summarize the candidate molecules of astrocytes, especially receptors and transporters, that may be involved in AD pathogenesis. These molecules include excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs), metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5), the adenosine 2A receptor (A2AR), the α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR), the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), S100β, and cannabinoid receptors. We describe the characteristics of these molecules and the neurological and pharmacological underpinnings of these molecules in AD. Among these molecules, EAATs, A2AR, and mGluR5 are strongly related to glutamate-mediated synaptotoxicity and are involved in glutamate transmission or the clearance of extrasynaptic glutamate in the AD brain. The α7-nAChR, CaSR, and mGluR5 are receptors of Aβ and can induce a plethora of toxic effects, such as the production of excess Aβ, synaptotoxicity, and NO production triggered by changes in intracellular calcium signaling. Antagonists or positive allosteric modulators of these receptors can repair cognitive ability and modify neurobiological changes. Moreover, blocking S100β or activating cannabinoid receptors reduces neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and reactive astrogliosis. Thus, targeting these molecules might provide alternative approaches for treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Kejing Lao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Zhongying Qiu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Md Saidur Rahman
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China.,Institute of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Xingchun Gou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
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Genrikhs EE, Stelmashook EV, Voronkov DN, Novikova SV, Alexandrova OP, Fedorov AV, Isaev NK. The single intravenous administration of methylene blue after traumatic brain injury diminishes neurological deficit, blood-brain barrier disruption and decrease in the expression of S100 protein in rats. Brain Res 2020; 1740:146854. [PMID: 32339501 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The protective effect of methylene blue (MB) was investigated on the model of focal one-sided traumatic brain injury (TBI) of the sensorimotor cortex region from 1 to 7 days after the injury. TBI caused a reliable disruption of the functions of the limbs contralateral to injury focus, an increase in the expression of S100 protein and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability in the ipsilateral hemisphere. The single intravenous injection of MB (1 mg/kg body weight) 30 min after TBI significantly reduced the limb function impairment as well as a TBI-induced increase in the expression of inflammatory marker S100 protein, and BBB permeability. When modeling inflammation in vitro, MB was found to protect cultured neurons from the toxic effects of lipopolysaccharide. In conclusion, the preservation of blood-brain barrier and a decrease in the expression of S100 protein may be an important mechanism by means of which MB improves neurological outcome. Our data demonstrate that MB can be a very promising pharmacological compound with neuroprotective properties for TBI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena V Stelmashook
- Research Center of Neurology, Volokolamskoe Shosse 80, Moscow 125367, Russia
| | - Dmitriy N Voronkov
- Research Center of Neurology, Volokolamskoe Shosse 80, Moscow 125367, Russia
| | - Svetlana V Novikova
- Research Center of Neurology, Volokolamskoe Shosse 80, Moscow 125367, Russia
| | - Olga P Alexandrova
- Research Center of Neurology, Volokolamskoe Shosse 80, Moscow 125367, Russia
| | - Artem V Fedorov
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Biological Faculty, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Nickolay K Isaev
- Research Center of Neurology, Volokolamskoe Shosse 80, Moscow 125367, Russia; M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Biological Faculty, Moscow 119234, Russia.
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23
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Huang L, Zhang L, Liu Z, Zhao S, Xu D, Li L, Peng Q, Ai Y. Pentamidine protects mice from cecal ligation and puncture-induced brain damage via inhibiting S100B/RAGE/NF-κB. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 517:221-226. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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24
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Kim Y, Park J, Choi YK. The Role of Astrocytes in the Central Nervous System Focused on BK Channel and Heme Oxygenase Metabolites: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8050121. [PMID: 31060341 PMCID: PMC6562853 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8050121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes outnumber neurons in the human brain, and they play a key role in numerous functions within the central nervous system (CNS), including glutamate, ion (i.e., Ca2+, K+) and water homeostasis, defense against oxidative/nitrosative stress, energy storage, mitochondria biogenesis, scar formation, tissue repair via angiogenesis and neurogenesis, and synapse modulation. After CNS injury, astrocytes communicate with surrounding neuronal and vascular systems, leading to the clearance of disease-specific protein aggregates, such as β-amyloid, and α-synuclein. The astrocytic big conductance K+ (BK) channel plays a role in these processes. Recently, potential therapeutic agents that target astrocytes have been tested for their potential to repair the brain. In this review, we discuss the role of the BK channel and antioxidant agents such as heme oxygenase metabolites following CNS injury. A better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of astrocytes’ functions in the healthy and diseased brains will greatly contribute to the development of therapeutic approaches following CNS injury, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghee Kim
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Jinhong Park
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Yoon Kyung Choi
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
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25
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Arterial stiffness induced by carotid calcification leads to cerebral gliosis mediated by oxidative stress. J Hypertens 2019; 36:286-298. [PMID: 28938336 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arterial stiffness is a risk factor for cognitive decline and dementia. However, its precise effects on the brain remain unexplored. Using a mouse model of carotid stiffness, we investigated its effect on glial activation and oxidative stress. METHODS Arterial stiffness was induced by the application of calcium chloride to the adventitial region of the right carotid. Superoxide anion production, NADPH activity and levels, as well as glial activation were examined with immunohistochemical and biochemical approaches, 2-week postcalcification. Antioxidant treatment was done with Tempol (1 mmol/l) administered in the drinking water during 2 weeks. RESULTS The current study revealed that arterial stiffness increases the levels of the microglial markers ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 and cluster of differentiation 68 in hippocampus, and of the astrocyte marker, s100 calcium binding protein β in hippocampus and frontal cortex. The cerebral inflammatory effects of arterial stiffness were specific to the brain and not due to systemic inflammation. Treatment with Tempol prevented the increase in superoxide anion in mice with carotid stiffness and attenuated the activation of microglia and astrocytes in the hippocampus. To determine whether the increased oxidative stress derives from NADPH oxidase, superoxide anion production was assessed by incubating brain tissue in the presence of gp91ds-tat, a selective NADPH oxidase 2 inhibitor. This peptide inhibited superoxide anion production to a greater extent in the brains of mice with carotid calcification compared with controls. CONCLUSION Carotid calcification leads to cerebral gliosis mediated by oxidative stress. Correcting arterial stiffness could offer a novel paradigm to protect the brain in populations where stiffness is prominent.
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26
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Traini C, Del Popolo G, Faussone-Pellegrini MS, Guasti D, Catarinicchia S, Vannucchi MG. Nerve sprouting and neurogenic inflammation characterize the neurogenic detrusor overactive bladder of patients no longer responsive to drug therapies. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:4076-4087. [PMID: 30945429 PMCID: PMC6533505 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Urothelium and Lamina Propria (LP) are considered an integrate sensory system which is able to control the detrusor activity. Complete supra-sacral spinal cord lesions cause Neurogenic Detrusor Overactivity (NDO) whose main symptoms are urgency and incontinence. NDO therapy at first consists in anti-muscarinic drugs; secondly, in intra-vesical injection of botulinum toxin. However, with time, all the patients become insensitive to the drugs and decide for cystoplastic surgery. With the aim to get deeper in both NDO and drug's efficacy lack pathogenesis, we investigated the innervation, muscular and connective changes in NDO bladders after surgery by using morphological and quantitative methodologies. Bladder innervation showed a significant global loss associated with an increase in the nerve endings located in the upper LP where a neurogenic inflammation was also present. Smooth muscle cells (SMC) anomalies and fibrosis were found in the detrusor. The increased innervation in the ULP is suggestive for a sprouting and could condition NDO evolution and drug efficacy length. Denervation might cause the SMC anomalies responsible for the detrusor altered contractile activity and intra-cellular traffic and favour the appearance of fibrosis. Inflammation might accelerate these damages. From the clinical point of view, an early anti-inflammatory treatment could positively influence the disease fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Traini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Histology and Embryology Research Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulio Del Popolo
- Department of Neuro-Urology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Guasti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Histology and Embryology Research Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Stefano Catarinicchia
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Histology and Embryology Research Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Giuliana Vannucchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Histology and Embryology Research Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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27
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Chen J, Yan Y, Yuan F, Cao J, Li S, Eickhoff SB, Zhang J. Brain grey matter volume reduction and anxiety-like behavior in lipopolysaccharide-induced chronic pulmonary inflammation rats: A structural MRI study with histological validation. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 76:182-197. [PMID: 30472482 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
While there have been multiple fMRI studies into the brain functional changes after acutely stimulated peripheral infection, knowledge for the effect of chronic peripheral infection on whole brain morphology is still quite limited. The present study was designed to investigate the brain structural and emotional changes after peripheral local infection initiated chronic systemic inflammation and the relationship between circulating inflammatory markers and brain grey matter. Specifically, in-vivo T2-weighted MRI was performed on rats with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced chronic pulmonary inflammation (CPI) and those without. Grey matter volume was quantified using diffeomorphic anatomical registration through exponentiated lie (DARTEL) enhanced voxel-based morphometry followed by between-group comparison. Open field experiment was conducted to test the potential anxiety-like behaviors after CPI, along with the ELISA estimated inflammatory markers were correlated to grey matter volume. Guided by image findings, we undertook a focused histological investigation with immunefluorescence and Nissl staining. A widespread decrease of grey matter volume in CPI-model rats was revealed. 8 of the 12 measured inflammatory markers presented differential neuroanatomical correlation patterns with three of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) and CRP being the most notable. Lower grey matter volumes in some of the inflammatory markers related regions (amygdala, CA2 and cingulate cortex) were associated with more-severe anxiety-like behaviors. Furthermore, grey matter volumes in amygdala and CA3 were correlated negatively with the expressions of glial proteins (S100β and Nogo-A), while the grey matter volume in hypo-thalamus was changing positively with neural cell area. Overall, the neuroanatomical association patterns and the histopathology underpinning the MRI observations we demonstrated here would probably serve as one explanation for the cerebral and emotional deficits presented in the patients with CPI, which would furthermore yield new insights into the adverse effects the many other systemic inflammation and inflammatory autoimmune diseases would pose on brain morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Chen
- Institute of Brain Diseases and Cognition, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Ya Yan
- Institute of Brain Diseases and Cognition, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Fengjuan Yuan
- Institute of Brain Diseases and Cognition, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jianbo Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shanhua Li
- Institute of Brain Diseases and Cognition, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jiaxing Zhang
- Institute of Brain Diseases and Cognition, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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28
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Michetti F, D'Ambrosi N, Toesca A, Puglisi MA, Serrano A, Marchese E, Corvino V, Geloso MC. The S100B story: from biomarker to active factor in neural injury. J Neurochem 2018; 148:168-187. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Michetti
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Rome Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele; Milan Italy
| | - Nadia D'Ambrosi
- Department of Biology; Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata; Rome Italy
| | - Amelia Toesca
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Rome Italy
| | | | - Alessia Serrano
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Rome Italy
| | - Elisa Marchese
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Rome Italy
| | - Valentina Corvino
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Rome Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Geloso
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Rome Italy
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29
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CSF-S100B Is a Potential Candidate Biomarker for Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:5381239. [PMID: 30426010 PMCID: PMC6217894 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5381239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytic impairment is a pathologic feature of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). S100B and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) are the two most commonly used astrocytic markers. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether CSF-S100B could serve as a marker of NMOSD. We enrolled 49 NMOSD patients [25 aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4-Ab)–positive, 8 myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG-Ab)-positive, and 16 seronegative patients], 12 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, and 15 other noninflammatory neurological diseases (OND) patients. The CSF levels of S100B and GFAP were measured by ELISA. Both CSF-S100B and GFAP levels significantly discriminated NMOSD from MS [area under curve (AUC) = 0.839 and 0.850, respectively] and OND (AUC = 0.839 and 0.850, respectively). The CSF-S100B levels differentiated AQP4-Ab–positive NMOSD from MOG-Ab–positive NMOSD with higher accuracy than the CSF-GFAP levels (AUC=0.865 and 0.772, respectively). The CSF-S100B levels also significantly discriminated MOG-Ab–positive patients from seronegative patients (AUC = 0.848). Both CSF-S100B and GFAP levels were correlated with the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) during remission. Only the CSF-S100B levels were correlated with the CSF WBC count and the EDSS during attack. The levels of CSF-S100B seemed to have a longer lasting time than the levels of CSF-GFAP, which may benefit patients who present late. As a result, CSF-S100B might be a potential candidate biomarker for NMOSD in discriminating, evaluating severity, and predicting disability.
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30
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S100B promotes microglia M1 polarization and migration to aggravate cerebral ischemia. Inflamm Res 2018; 67:937-949. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-018-1187-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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Perez-Nievas BG, Serrano-Pozo A. Deciphering the Astrocyte Reaction in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:114. [PMID: 29922147 PMCID: PMC5996928 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive astrocytes were identified as a component of senile amyloid plaques in the cortex of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients several decades ago. However, their role in AD pathophysiology has remained elusive ever since, in part owing to the extrapolation of the literature from primary astrocyte cultures and acute brain injury models to a chronic neurodegenerative scenario. Recent accumulating evidence supports the idea that reactive astrocytes in AD acquire neurotoxic properties, likely due to both a gain of toxic function and a loss of their neurotrophic effects. However, the diversity and complexity of this glial cell is only beginning to be unveiled, anticipating that astrocyte reaction might be heterogeneous as well. Herein we review the evidence from mouse models of AD and human neuropathological studies and attempt to decipher the main conundrums that astrocytes pose to our understanding of AD development and progression. We discuss the morphological features that characterize astrocyte reaction in the AD brain, the consequences of astrocyte reaction for both astrocyte biology and AD pathological hallmarks, and the molecular pathways that have been implicated in this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alberto Serrano-Pozo
- Alzheimer's Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (MIND), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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32
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Astrocyte pathology in a human neural stem cell model of frontotemporal dementia caused by mutant TAU protein. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42991. [PMID: 28256506 PMCID: PMC5335603 DOI: 10.1038/srep42991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Astroglial pathology is seen in various neurodegenerative diseases including frontotemporal dementia (FTD), which can be caused by mutations in the gene encoding the microtubule-associated protein TAU (MAPT). Here, we applied a stem cell model of FTD to examine if FTD astrocytes carry an intrinsic propensity to degeneration and to determine if they can induce non-cell-autonomous effects in neighboring neurons. We utilized CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs) to repair the FTD-associated N279K MAPT mutation. While astrocytic differentiation was not impaired in FTD NPCs derived from one patient carrying the N279K MAPT mutation, FTD astrocytes appeared larger, expressed increased levels of 4R-TAU isoforms, demonstrated increased vulnerability to oxidative stress and elevated protein ubiquitination and exhibited disease-associated changes in transcriptome profiles when compared to astrocytes derived from one control individual and to the isogenic control. Interestingly, co-culture experiments with FTD astrocytes revealed increased oxidative stress and robust changes in whole genome expression in previously healthy neurons. Our study highlights the utility of iPS cell-derived NPCs to elucidate the role of astrocytes in the pathogenesis of FTD.
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33
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Proinflammatory Cytokines, Enolase and S-100 as Early Biochemical Indicators of Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy Following Perinatal Asphyxia in Newborns. Pediatr Neonatol 2017; 58:70-76. [PMID: 27522459 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estimation of the neurological prognosis of infants suffering from perinatal asphyxia and signs of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is of great clinical importance; however, it remains difficult to satisfactorily assess these signs with current standard medical practices. Prognoses are typically based on data obtained from clinical examinations and neurological tests, such as electroencephalography (EEG) and neuroimaging, but their sensitivities and specificities are far from optimal, and they do not always reliably predict future neurological sequelae. In an attempt to improve prognostic estimates, neurological research envisaged various biochemical markers detectable in the umbilical cord blood of newborns (NB). Few studies examining these biochemical factors in the whole blood of newborns exist. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the expression and concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) and specific CNS enzymes (S-100 and enolase) in infants with perinatal asphyxia. These data were compared between the affected infants and controls and were related to the degree of HIE to determine their utilities as biochemical markers for early diagnosis and prognosis. METHODS The levels of the proinflammatory cytokines and enzymes were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Reverse Transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS The expression and serum levels of the proinflammatory cytokines, enolase and S-100 were significantly increased in the children with asphyxia compared with the controls. CONCLUSION The role of cytokines after hypoxic-ischemic insult has been determined in studies of transgenic mice that support the use of these molecules as candidate biomarkers. Similarly, S-100 and enolase are considered promising candidates because these markers have been correlated with tissue damage in different experimental models.
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34
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Lasič E, Galland F, Vardjan N, Šribar J, Križaj I, Leite MC, Zorec R, Stenovec M. Time-dependent uptake and trafficking of vesicles capturing extracellular S100B in cultured rat astrocytes. J Neurochem 2016; 139:309-323. [PMID: 27488079 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes, the most heterogeneous glial cells in the central nervous system, contribute to brain homeostasis, by regulating a myriad of functions, including the clearance of extracellular debris. When cells are damaged, cytoplasmic proteins may exit into the extracellular space. One such protein is S100B, which may exert toxic effects on neighboring cells unless it is removed from the extracellular space, but the mechanisms of this clearance are poorly understood. By using time-lapse confocal microscopy and fluorescently labeled S100B (S100B-Alexa488 ) and fluorescent dextran (Dextran546 ), a fluid phase uptake marker, we examined the uptake of fluorescently labeled S100B-Alexa488 from extracellular space and monitored trafficking of vesicles that internalized S100B-Alexa488 . Initially, S100B-Alexa488 and Dextran546 internalized with distinct rates into different endocytotic vesicles; S100B-Alexa488 internalized into smaller vesicles than Dextran546 . At a later stage, S100B-Alexa488 -positive vesicles substantially co-localized with Dextran546 -positive endolysosomes and with acidic LysoTracker-positive vesicles. Cell treatment with anti-receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) antibody, which binds to RAGE, a 'scavenger receptor', partially inhibited uptake of S100B-Alexa488 , but not of Dextran546 . The dynamin inhibitor dynole 34-2 inhibited internalization of both fluorescent probes. Directional mobility of S100B-Alexa488 -positive vesicles increased over time and was inhibited by ATP stimulation, an agent that increases cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+ ]i ). We conclude that astrocytes exhibit RAGE- and dynamin-dependent vesicular mechanism to efficiently remove S100B from the extracellular space. If a similar process occurs in vivo, astroglia may mitigate the toxic effects of extracellular S100B by this process under pathophysiologic conditions. This study reveals the vesicular clearance mechanism of extracellular S100B in astrocytes. Initially, fluorescent S100B internalizes into smaller endocytotic vesicles than dextran molecules. At a later stage, both probes co-localize within endolysosomes. S100B internalization is both dynamin- and RAGE-dependent, whereas dextran internalization is dependent on dynamin. Vesicle internalization likely mitigates the toxic effects of extracellular S100B and other waste products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Lasič
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology - Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Fabiana Galland
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology - Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Nina Vardjan
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology - Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Šribar
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Igor Križaj
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marina Concli Leite
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Robert Zorec
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology - Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. .,Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Matjaž Stenovec
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology - Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. .,Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Chen XY, Cao Q. Enteric glial cells: Powerful guardian of intestinal epithelial barrier in inflammatory bowel disease. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:1379-1385. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i9.1379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium constitutes a physical and functional barrier between the external environment and the host organism. Once the integrity of this barrier is disrupted, inflammatory disorders and tissue injury are initiated and perpetuated. Beneath the intestinal epithelial cells lies a population of astrocyte-like cells that are known as enteric glia cells (EGCs). They play a key role in maintaining the homeostasis and integrity of intestinal epithelial barrier by secretion of some mediators and modulation of enteric neuronal activities. In this review, we will describe the functional roles of enteric glia cells in the intestinal barrier, and highlight the protective action of EGCs in inflammatory bowel disease.
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Peña-Ortega F, Rivera-Angulo AJ, Lorea-Hernández JJ. Pharmacological Tools to Study the Role of Astrocytes in Neural Network Functions. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 949:47-66. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-40764-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Capoccia E, Cirillo C, Gigli S, Pesce M, D’Alessandro A, Cuomo R, Sarnelli G, Steardo L, Esposito G. Enteric glia: A new player in inflammatory bowel diseases. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2015; 28:443-51. [DOI: 10.1177/0394632015599707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to the well-known involvement of macrophages and neutrophils, other cell types have been recently reported to substantially contribute to the onset and progression of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Enteric glial cells (EGC) are the equivalent cell type of astrocyte in the central nervous system (CNS) and share with them many neurotrophic and neuro-immunomodulatory properties. This short review highlights the role of EGC in IBD, describing the role played by these cells in the maintenance of gut homeostasis, and their modulation of enteric neuronal activities. In pathological conditions, EGC have been reported to trigger and support bowel inflammation through the specific over-secretion of S100B protein, a pivotal neurotrophic factor able to induce chronic inflammatory changes in gut mucosa. New pharmacological tools that may improve the current therapeutic strategies for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), lowering side effects (i.e. corticosteroids) and costs (i.e. anti-TNFα monoclonal antibodies) represent a very important challenge for gastroenterologists and pharmacologists. Novel drugs capable to modulate enteric glia reactivity, limiting the pro-inflammatory release of S100B, may thus represent a significant innovation in the field of pharmacological interventions for inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Capoccia
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology ‘Vittorio Erspamer’, University Sapienza of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - C Cirillo
- Laboratory for Enteric NeuroScience (LENS), TARGID, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Gigli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology ‘Vittorio Erspamer’, University Sapienza of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - M Pesce
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - A D’Alessandro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - R Cuomo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - G Sarnelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - L Steardo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology ‘Vittorio Erspamer’, University Sapienza of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - G Esposito
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology ‘Vittorio Erspamer’, University Sapienza of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
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S100B Inhibitor Pentamidine Attenuates Reactive Gliosis and Reduces Neuronal Loss in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:508342. [PMID: 26295040 PMCID: PMC4532807 DOI: 10.1155/2015/508342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Among the different signaling molecules released during reactive gliosis occurring in Alzheimer's disease (AD), the astrocyte-derived S100B protein plays a key role in neuroinflammation, one of the hallmarks of the disease. The use of pharmacological tools targeting S100B may be crucial to embank its effects and some of the pathological features of AD. The antiprotozoal drug pentamidine is a good candidate since it directly blocks S100B activity by inhibiting its interaction with the tumor suppressor p53. We used a mouse model of amyloid beta- (Aβ-) induced AD, which is characterized by reactive gliosis and neuroinflammation in the brain, and we evaluated the effect of pentamidine on the main S100B-mediated events. Pentamidine caused the reduction of glial fibrillary acidic protein, S100B, and RAGE protein expression, which are signs of reactive gliosis, and induced p53 expression in astrocytes. Pentamidine also reduced the expression of proinflammatory mediators and markers, thus reducing neuroinflammation in AD brain. In parallel, we observed a significant neuroprotection exerted by pentamidine on CA1 pyramidal neurons. We demonstrated that pentamidine inhibits Aβ-induced gliosis and neuroinflammation in an animal model of AD, thus playing a role in slowing down the course of the disease.
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Role of Extracellular Damage-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules (DAMPs) as Mediators of Persistent Pain. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 131:251-79. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2014.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Buckman LB, Thompson MM, Lippert RN, Blackwell TS, Yull FE, Ellacott KLJ. Evidence for a novel functional role of astrocytes in the acute homeostatic response to high-fat diet intake in mice. Mol Metab 2014; 4:58-63. [PMID: 25685690 PMCID: PMC4314532 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Introduction of a high-fat diet to mice results in a period of voracious feeding, known as hyperphagia, before homeostatic mechanisms prevail to restore energy intake to an isocaloric level. Acute high-fat diet hyperphagia induces astrocyte activation in the rodent hypothalamus, suggesting a potential role of these cells in the homeostatic response to the diet. The objective of this study was to determine physiologic role of astrocytes in the acute homeostatic response to high-fat feeding. Methods We bred a transgenic mouse model with doxycycline-inducible inhibition of NFkappaB (NFκB) signaling in astrocytes to determine the effect of loss of NFκB-mediated astrocyte activation on acute high-fat hyperphagia. ELISA was used to measure the levels of markers of astrocyte activation, glial-fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and S100B, in the medial basal hypothalamus. Results Inhibition of NFκB signaling in astrocytes prevented acute high-fat diet-induced astrocyte activation and resulted in a 15% increase in caloric intake (P < 0.01) in the first 24 h after introduction of the diet. Conclusions These data reveal a novel homeostatic role for astrocytes in the acute physiologic regulation of food intake in response to high-fat feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Buckman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 702 Light Hall, 2213 Garland Ave, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Misty M Thompson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 702 Light Hall, 2213 Garland Ave, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Rachel N Lippert
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 702 Light Hall, 2213 Garland Ave, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Timothy S Blackwell
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1161 21st Ave. South, Suite T-1217 MCN, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Fiona E Yull
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 691 Preston Research Building, 2220 Pierce Ave, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kate L J Ellacott
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 702 Light Hall, 2213 Garland Ave, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Villarreal A, Seoane R, González Torres A, Rosciszewski G, Angelo MF, Rossi A, Barker PA, Ramos AJ. S100B protein activates a RAGE-dependent autocrine loop in astrocytes: implications for its role in the propagation of reactive gliosis. J Neurochem 2014; 131:190-205. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Villarreal
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Molecular; Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia “Prof. E. De Robertis”; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Rocío Seoane
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Molecular; Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia “Prof. E. De Robertis”; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Agustina González Torres
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Molecular; Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia “Prof. E. De Robertis”; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Gerardo Rosciszewski
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Molecular; Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia “Prof. E. De Robertis”; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Maria Florencia Angelo
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Molecular; Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia “Prof. E. De Robertis”; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Alicia Rossi
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Molecular; Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia “Prof. E. De Robertis”; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Philip A. Barker
- Montreal Neurological Institute; Center for Neuronal Survival; McGill University; Montreal Québec Canada
| | - Alberto Javier Ramos
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Molecular; Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia “Prof. E. De Robertis”; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
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Abstract
The S100 protein family consists of 24 members functionally distributed into three main subgroups: those that only exert intracellular regulatory effects, those with intracellular and extracellular functions and those which mainly exert extracellular regulatory effects. S100 proteins are only expressed in vertebrates and show cell-specific expression patterns. In some instances, a particular S100 protein can be induced in pathological circumstances in a cell type that does not express it in normal physiological conditions. Within cells, S100 proteins are involved in aspects of regulation of proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, Ca2+ homeostasis, energy metabolism, inflammation and migration/invasion through interactions with a variety of target proteins including enzymes, cytoskeletal subunits, receptors, transcription factors and nucleic acids. Some S100 proteins are secreted or released and regulate cell functions in an autocrine and paracrine manner via activation of surface receptors (e.g. the receptor for advanced glycation end-products and toll-like receptor 4), G-protein-coupled receptors, scavenger receptors, or heparan sulfate proteoglycans and N-glycans. Extracellular S100A4 and S100B also interact with epidermal growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor, respectively, thereby enhancing the activity of the corresponding receptors. Thus, extracellular S100 proteins exert regulatory activities on monocytes/macrophages/microglia, neutrophils, lymphocytes, mast cells, articular chondrocytes, endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells, neurons, astrocytes, Schwann cells, epithelial cells, myoblasts and cardiomyocytes, thereby participating in innate and adaptive immune responses, cell migration and chemotaxis, tissue development and repair, and leukocyte and tumor cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Donato
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy.
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S100B protein as a possible participant in the brain metastasis of NSCLC. Med Oncol 2013; 29:2626-32. [PMID: 22286962 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-012-0169-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Brain metastasis is a frequent occurrence in lung cancer, especially non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the prognosis for NSCLC with brain metastasis is very poor. Our previous study found high S100B expression in the brain-specific metastatic NSCLC line PC14/B, suggested S100B is closely correlated with brain metastasis in NSCLC. However, the details have not yet been revealed. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between S100B and brain metastasis in NSCLC and to study the effects of S100B on non-brain metastatic NSCLC line PC14. We investigated serum S100B levels in 30 newly diagnosed NSCLC patients (15 with brain metastasis and 15 without brain metastasis) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results showed that serum S100B levels were significant higher in NSCLC patients with brain metastasis compared to those without brain metastasis (P<0.01). We constructed the full-length S100B expression vector and transfected into PC14 cells. MTT and flow cytometric analysis showed that S100B transfection promoted cell proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis (P<0.05). Transwell migration and invasion assays indicated that S100B transfection promoted cell invasion and cell migration compared to control cells transfected with empty vector alone (P<0.01). These results suggested that S100B could be involved in the development of brain metastasis in NSCLC.
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Wang H, Zhang L, Zhang IY, Chen X, Da Fonseca A, Wu S, Ren H, Badie S, Sadeghi S, Ouyang M, Warden CD, Badie B. S100B promotes glioma growth through chemoattraction of myeloid-derived macrophages. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:3764-75. [PMID: 23719262 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-3725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE S100B is member of a multigenic family of Ca(2+)-binding proteins, which is overexpressed by gliomas. Recently, we showed that low concentrations of S100B attenuated microglia activation through the induction of Stat3. We hypothesized that overexpression of S100B in gliomas could promote tumor growth by modulating the activity of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We stably transfected GL261 glioma cell lines with constructs that overexpressed (S100B(high)) or underexpressed (S100B(low)) S100B and compared their growth characteristics to intracranial wild-type (S100B(wt)) tumors. RESULTS Downregulation of S100B in gliomas had no impact on cell division in vitro but abrogated tumor growth in vivo. Interestingly, compared to S100B(low) tumors, S100B(wt) and S100B(high) intracranial gliomas exhibited higher infiltration of TAMs, stronger inflammatory cytokine expression, and increased vascularity. To identify the potential mechanisms involved, the expression of the S100B receptor, receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), was evaluated in gliomas. Although S100B expression induced RAGE in vivo, RAGE ablation in mice did not significantly inhibit TAM infiltration into gliomas, suggesting that other pathways were involved in this process. To evaluate other mechanisms responsible for TAM chemoattraction, we then examined chemokine pathways and found that C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2) was upregulated in S100B(high) tumors. Furthermore, analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas's glioma data bank showed a positive correlation between S100B and CCL2 expression in human proneural and neural glioma subtypes, supporting our finding. CONCLUSIONS These observations suggest that S100B promotes glioma growth by TAM chemoattraction through upregulation of CCL2 and introduces the potential utility of S100B inhibitors for glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
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Chen L, Chen L, Lv Y, Cui Z, Bei G, Qin G, Zhou J, Ge T. Tetrandrine ameliorates cognitive impairment via inhibiting astrocyte-derived S100B activation in a rat model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Neurol Res 2013; 35:614-21. [PMID: 23561481 DOI: 10.1179/1743132813y.0000000175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of tetrandrine (Tet) on cognitive impairment induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and its potential anti-inflammatory mechanism by modulating the expression of S100B, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). METHODS Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion was induced by ligation of the bilateral common carotid arteries for 8 weeks. Rats were treated with Tet (10 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg) intraperitoneally every 3 days for 4 weeks. Cognitive function of rats was evaluated by the Morris water maze. Hematoxylin eosin (H & E) and Nissl staining were used to observe neuronal damage in the hippocampal CA1 region. Immunofluorescence, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QT-PCR), and western blot were performed to measure S100B, IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, and iNOS levels in the CA1 region of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rats. RESULTS The Tet-treated group significantly decreased the escape latency of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rats in finding the hidden platform (P <0.05). Compared with the 2-VO (two-vessel occlusion) group, more neurons with regular morphology and/or Nissl bodies in the hippocampus were observed in the Tet-treated group, suggesting attenuated neuronal damage and degeneration. Additionally, S100B, IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, and iNOS levels were significantly (P <0.05) decreased in the CA1 region of the chronic cerebral hypoperfusion affected rats treated with Tet. CONCLUSION Our results found that Tet could improve cognitive impairment in the chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rats. Tetrandrine may be a novel and promising candidate for future treatment and/or prevention of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion via inhibiting S100B activation and decreasing the expression of IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, and iNOS in the hippocampal CA1 region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianlian Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
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Cross-Talk Between Neurons and Astrocytes in Response to Bilirubin: Early Beneficial Effects. Neurochem Res 2013; 38:644-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-012-0963-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Brunswick AS, Hwang BY, Appelboom G, Hwang RY, Piazza MA, Connolly ES. Serum biomarkers of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage induced secondary brain injury. J Neurol Sci 2012; 321:1-10. [PMID: 22857988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2012.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2011] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating form of stroke associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. It is now believed that much of this damage occurs in the subacute period following the initial insult via a cascade of complex pathophysiologic pathways that continues to be investigated. Increased levels of certain serum proteins have been identified as biomarkers that may reflect or directly participate in the inflammation, blood brain barrier disruption, endothelial dysfunction, and neuronal and glial toxicity that occur during this secondary period of cerebral injury. Some of these biomarkers have the potential to serve as therapeutic targets or surrogate endpoints for future research or clinical trials. Others may someday augment current clinical techniques in diagnosis, risk-stratification, prognostication, treatment decision and measurement of therapeutic efficacy. While much work remains to be done, biomarkers show significant potential to expand clinical options and improve clinical management, thereby reducing mortality and improving functional outcomes in ICH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Brunswick
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Michetti F, Corvino V, Geloso MC, Lattanzi W, Bernardini C, Serpero L, Gazzolo D. The S100B protein in biological fluids: more than a lifelong biomarker of brain distress. J Neurochem 2012; 120:644-59. [PMID: 22145907 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07612.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
S100B is a calcium-binding protein concentrated in glial cells, although it has also been detected in definite extra-neural cell types. Its biological role is still debated. When secreted, S100B is believed to have paracrine/autocrine trophic effects at physiological concentrations, but toxic effects at higher concentrations. Elevated S100B levels in biological fluids (CSF, blood, urine, saliva, amniotic fluid) are thus regarded as a biomarker of pathological conditions, including perinatal brain distress, acute brain injury, brain tumors, neuroinflammatory/neurodegenerative disorders, psychiatric disorders. In the majority of these conditions, high S100B levels offer an indicator of cell damage when standard diagnostic procedures are still silent. The key question remains as to whether S100B is merely leaked from injured cells or is released in concomitance with both physiological and pathological conditions, participating at high concentrations in the events leading to cell injury. In this respect, S100B levels in biological fluids have been shown to increase in physiological conditions characterized by stressful physical and mental activity, suggesting that it may be physiologically regulated and raised during conditions of stress, with a putatively active role. This possibility makes this protein a candidate not only for a biomarker but also for a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Michetti
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy.
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Therapeutic Targeting of Astrocytes After Traumatic Brain Injury. Transl Stroke Res 2011; 2:633-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s12975-011-0129-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Cata JP, Abdelmalak B, Farag E. Neurological biomarkers in the perioperative period. Br J Anaesth 2011; 107:844-58. [PMID: 22065690 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aer338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid detection and evaluation of patients presenting with perioperative neurological dysfunction is of great clinical relevance. Biomarkers have been defined as biological molecules that can be used as an indicator of new onset or progression of a biological process or effect of treatment. Biomarkers have become increasingly important in this setting to supplement other modalities of diagnosis such as EEG, sensory- or motor-evoked potential, transcranial Doppler, near-infrared spectroscopy, or imaging methods. A number of neuro-proteins have been identified and are currently under investigation for potential to provide insights into injury severity, outcome, and the ability to monitor cellular damage and molecular events that occur during neurological injury. S100B is a protein released by glial cells and is considered a marker of blood-brain barrier dysfunction. Clinical studies in patients undergoing cardiac and non-cardiac surgery indicate that serum levels of S100B are increased intraoperatively and after operation. The neurone-specific enolase has also been extensively investigated as a potential marker of neuronal injury in the context of cardiac and non-cardiac surgery. A third biomarker of interest is the Tau protein, which has been linked to neurodegenerative disorders. Tau appears to be more specific than the previous two biomarkers since it is only found in the central nervous system. The metalloproteinase and ubiquitin C terminal hydroxylase-L1 (UCH-L1) are the most recently researched markers; however, their usefulness is still unclear. This review presents a comprehensive overview of S100B, neuronal-specific enolase, metalloproteinases, and UCH-L1 in the perioperative period.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Cata
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Texas-MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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