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OUP accepted manuscript. Hum Reprod Update 2022; 28:435-454. [DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmac007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Persson G, Stæhr CS, Klok FS, Lebech M, Hviid TVF. Evidence for a shift in placental HLA-G allelic dominance and the HLA-G isoform profile during a healthy pregnancy and pre-eclampsia. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:846-858. [PMID: 34159362 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G is a non-classical class Ib major expressed by placental trophoblast cells plays a central role in establishing tolerance to the semi-allogeneic fetus and in placentation. HLA-G exists in different soluble or membrane-bound isoforms. Pre-eclampsia, a major cause of fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality, has been linked to insufficient placentation and an altered immune response in pregnancy, including altered HLA-G expression. The 14 bp insertion/deletion polymorphism in the 3' untranslated region of the gene and the isoform profile may affect HLA-G expression. The aim of the current pilot study was to characterize the expression patterns of HLAG mRNA, protein and isoform profile in uncomplicated term pregnancies and in cases of pre-eclampsia. Maternal sHLA-G mRNA and protein levels was slightly reduced in pre-eclampsia. No difference was found for placental blood, and no correlation between peripheral and placental sHLA-G levels was found. We observed no association between neither fetal nor maternal HLA-G 14 bp insertion/deletion genotypes and pre-eclampsia, nor a significant difference in isoform profiles. However, in HLA-G 14 bp insertion/deletion heterozygous placental samples, we observed abundant HLA-G1 14 bp insertion allele expression in the term placentae, which is contrary to previous findings in first trimester trophoblast. Increased HLA-G1 14 bp insertion allele expression in the placenta was associated with reduced levels of placental sHLA-G and an altered isoform profile with increased relative levels of HLA-G1 and -G5 and reduced levels of HLA-G3. The results indicate that an allelic shift in heterozygous individuals could represent a novel regulatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gry Persson
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Reproductive Immunology (CIRRI), Department of Clinical Biochemistry, The ReproHealth Research Consortium ZUH, Zealand University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christina Seefeldt Stæhr
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Reproductive Immunology (CIRRI), Department of Clinical Biochemistry, The ReproHealth Research Consortium ZUH, Zealand University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Freja Syrach Klok
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Reproductive Immunology (CIRRI), Department of Clinical Biochemistry, The ReproHealth Research Consortium ZUH, Zealand University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Lebech
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The ReproHealth Research Consortium ZUH, Zealand University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Vauvert F Hviid
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Reproductive Immunology (CIRRI), Department of Clinical Biochemistry, The ReproHealth Research Consortium ZUH, Zealand University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Jacobsen DP, Lekva T, Moe K, Fjeldstad HES, Johnsen GM, Sugulle M, Staff AC. Pregnancy and postpartum levels of circulating maternal sHLA-G in preeclampsia. J Reprod Immunol 2020; 143:103249. [PMID: 33254097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2020.103249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a leading cause of maternal and offspring mortality and morbidity, and predicts increased future cardiovascular disease risk. Placental dysfunction and immune system dysregulation are likely key pathophysiological factors. Soluble human leukocyte antigen G (sHLA-G) may dampen the specific immune response towards placental trophoblasts. Previous studies have shown low sHLA-G levels in preeclampsia, but postpartum, levels are unknown. Furthermore, the relationship between sHLA-G and sFlt-1 and PlGF, placental function markers, is unknown. We hypothesized that low maternal sHLA-G during pregnancy would be associated with placental dysfunction, including preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, and dysregulated sFlt-1 and PlGF, and that sHLA-G would remain decreased following preeclampsia. We included 316 pregnant women: 58 with early-onset preeclampsia (<34 weeks' gestation), 81 with late-onset preeclampsia (≥34 weeks' gestation), 25 with gestational hypertension, and 152 normotensive controls. Postpartum (1 or 3 years), we included 321 women: 29 with early-onset preeclampsia, 98 with late-onset preeclampsia, 57 with gestational hypertension, and 137 who were normotensive during their index pregnancies. In pregnancy, plasma sHLA-G was significantly lower both in the early- and late-onset preeclampsia groups compared to controls. In women with preeclampsia or gestational hypertension, sHLA-G was inversely correlated with serum sFlt-1. Postpartum, plasma sHLA-G levels were significantly higher in women who had had early-onset preeclampsia compared to controls. Our results support that sHLA-G may be important for placental function. Unexpectedly, sHLA-G was elevated up to 3 years after early-onset preeclampsia, suggesting an excessively activated immune system following this severe preeclampsia form, potentially contributing to future cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Jacobsen
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway.
| | - Tove Lekva
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Kjartan Moe
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken HF, Norway
| | - Heidi E S Fjeldstad
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Guro Mørk Johnsen
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Meryam Sugulle
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Cathrine Staff
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
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Characterization of HLA-G Regulation and HLA Expression in Breast Cancer and Malignant Melanoma Cell Lines upon IFN-γ Stimulation and Inhibition of DNA Methylation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124307. [PMID: 32560316 PMCID: PMC7352735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential role of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G as a target for new cancer immunotherapy drugs has increased the interest in the analysis of mechanisms by which HLA-G expression is regulated, and how the expression can be manipulated. We characterized HLA expression in breast cancer and malignant melanoma cell lines and investigated the induction of HLA-G expression by two distinct mechanisms: stimulation with interferon (IFN)-γ or inhibition of methylation by treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC). The effect of IFN-γ and 5-aza-dC on HLA expression was dependent on the cancer cell lines studied. However, in general, surface expression of HLA class Ia was induced on all cell lines. Surface expression of HLA-G was inconclusive but induction of HLA-G mRNA was prevalent upon treatment with 5-aza-dC and a combination of IFN-γ and 5-aza-dC. IFN-γ alone failed to induce HLA-G expression in the HLA-G-negative cell lines. The results support that HLA-G expression is regulated partly by DNA methylation. Furthermore, IFN-γ may play a role in the maintenance of HLA-G expression rather than inducing expression. The study demonstrates the feasibility of manipulating HLA expression and contributes to the exploration of mechanisms that can be potential targets for immunotherapy in breast cancer and malignant melanoma.
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Nilsson LL, Hornstrup MB, Perin TL, Lindhard A, Funck T, Bjerrum PJ, Mule HT, Scheike T, Nielsen HS, Hviid TVF. Soluble HLA-G and TGF-β in couples attending assisted reproduction - A possible role of TGF-β isoforms in semen? J Reprod Immunol 2019; 137:102857. [PMID: 31837543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2019.102857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Soluble isoforms of the non-classical Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-G as well as Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-β is expressed in seminal plasma possibly influencing the pregnancy potential. We wanted to examine the association of seminal plasma sHLA-G, TGF-β1, TGF-β2 and TGFβ3 with pregnancy success in a cohort of 127 couples and 4 single women attending fertility treatment with the use of assisted reproduction technologies (ART). Soluble HLA-G, TGF-β1, TGF-β2 and TGF-β3 in seminal plasma did not fluctuate significantly over time. We did not find any impact of seminal plasma sHLA-G, TGF-β1, TGF-β2 and TGF-β3 on time-to-pregnancy measured as number of treatment cycles. There was a significant association between concentrations of seminal plasma sHLA-G and HLA-G variations in the 3'untranslated region (3'UTR) of the HLA-G gene, supporting and extending previous findings. Furthermore, by comparing seminal plasma concentrations of sHLA-G, TGF-β1, TGF-β2 and TGF-β3 in male subjects with reduced semen quality, male subjects with normal semen quality, and sperm donors, we found that TGF-β2 was significantly lower, and TGF-β3 was significantly higher, in seminal plasma from sperm donors. These findings suggest that TGF-β isoforms may influence semen quality and fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Lynge Nilsson
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Reproductive Immunology (CIRRI), Dept. of Clinical Biochemistry, The ReproHealth Research Consortium ZUH, Zealand University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Micha B Hornstrup
- The Fertility Clinic, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The ReproHealth Research Consortium ZUH, Zealand University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Trine L Perin
- The Fertility Clinic, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The ReproHealth Research Consortium ZUH, Zealand University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Anette Lindhard
- The Fertility Clinic, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The ReproHealth Research Consortium ZUH, Zealand University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Tina Funck
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Reproductive Immunology (CIRRI), Dept. of Clinical Biochemistry, The ReproHealth Research Consortium ZUH, Zealand University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Poul J Bjerrum
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Holbæk Hospital, Region Zealand, Denmark
| | | | - Thomas Scheike
- Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henriette Svarre Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; The Fertility Clinic, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Thomas Vauvert F Hviid
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Reproductive Immunology (CIRRI), Dept. of Clinical Biochemistry, The ReproHealth Research Consortium ZUH, Zealand University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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A role for both HLA-F and HLA-G in reproduction and during pregnancy? Hum Immunol 2019; 81:127-133. [PMID: 31558330 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The human major histocompatibility complex includes a group of non-classical HLA class I genes, HLA-E, -F and -G. While nearly all focus since the discovery of these class Ib molecules have been on basic biochemistry and molecular biology of HLA-G and HLA-E, as well as their expression patterns, functions in immune modulation and during pregnancy, and also possible implications in a range of diseases, in infertility and pregnancy complications, HLA-F has nearly been ignored. However, recent discoveries show that HLA-F can be expressed as both open conformers binding to a number of KIRs on primarily NK cells, as well as peptide-bound HLA-F binding to ILT2 and ILT4. Furthermore, a number of reports indicate a possible involvement of HLA-F in viral infections, in cancer immunology, and in fertility and reproduction, which may initiate more interest in this rather unknown HLA class I molecule. In this short review, we focus on recent discoveries that indicate a functional role for HLA-F in reproduction and during pregnancy, and the role of HLA-F in relation to HLA-G.
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Toni Ho GG, Heinen F, Stieglitz F, Blasczyk R, Bade-Döding C. Dynamic Interaction between Immune Escape Mechanism and HLA-Ib Regulation. Immunogenetics 2019. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.80731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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HLA-G peptide preferences change in transformed cells: impact on the binding motif. Immunogenetics 2018; 70:485-494. [PMID: 29602958 PMCID: PMC6061458 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-018-1058-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
HLA-G is known for its strictly restricted tissue distribution. HLA-G expression could be detected in immune privileged organs and many tumor entities such as leukemia, multiple myeloma, and non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin’s lymphoma. This functional variability from mediation of immune tolerance to facilitation of tumor immune evasion strategies might translate to a differential NK cell inhibition between immune-privileged organs and tumor cells. The biophysical invariability of the HLA-G heavy chain and its contrary diversity in immunity implicates a strong influence of the bound peptides on the pHLA-G structure. The aim was to determine if HLA-G displays a tissue-specific peptide repertoire. Therefore, using soluble sHLA-G technology, we analyzed the K562 and HDLM-2 peptide repertoires. Although both cell lines possess a comparable proteome and recruit HLA-G-restricted peptides through the same peptide-loading pathway, the peptide features appear to be cell specific. HDLM-2 derived HLA-G peptides are anchored by an Arg at p1 and K562-derived peptides are anchored by a Lys. At p2, no anchor motif could be determined while peptides were anchored at pΩ with a Leu and showed an auxiliary anchor motif Pro at p3. To appreciate if the peptide anchor alterations are due to a cell-specific differential peptidome, we performed analysis of peptide availability within the different cell types. Yet, the comparison of the cell-specific proteome and HLA-G-restricted ligandome clearly demonstrates a tissue-specific peptide selection by HLA-G molecules. This exclusive and unexpected observation suggests an exquisite immune function of HLA-G.
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Lazarte J, Goldraich L, Manlhiot C, Kozuszko S, Rao V, Delgado D. Human Leukocyte Antigen-G Polymorphisms Association With Cancer Post-Heart Transplantation. Hum Immunol 2016; 77:805-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Human leukocyte antigen G single-nucleotide polymorphism -201 (CC-CC) donor-recipient genotype matching as a predictor of severe cardiac allograft vasculopathy. J Heart Lung Transplant 2016; 35:1101-7. [PMID: 27287629 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In heart transplant recipients, human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) has been shown to inhibit endothelial and smooth muscle cells injury in vitro, suggesting protection against cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV). Although the expression of HLA-G is regulated by single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), their association with CAV remains unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the association between recipient and donor HLA-G SNPs with CAV. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed DNA for HLA-G SNPs of 251 adult heart recipients, 196 of whom had their corresponding donors included. Severe CAV was defined as ISHLT Category 2 or 3. The association between donor-recipient genotypes and diagnosis of severe CAV over time was evaluated with parametric hazard regression models. RESULTS Recipient age was 48 ± 12 years, whereas donor age was 35 ± 14 years. Median follow-up was 5.0 years (range 1 day to 13.2 years). At 10 years after transplantation, freedom from severe CAV, retransplantation or death was 64%. In multivariable analysis adjusted for donor age, recipient weight and pre-transplant Class II antibodies, the presence of donor-recipient SNP -201 (CC-CC) matching was associated with an increased risk of severe CAV (hazard ratio 11.9; 95% confidence interval 4.3 to 32.9; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Matching of donor-recipient SNP -201 (CC-CC) was an independent risk factor for the diagnosis of severe CAV. HLA-G SNP genotypes may reveal a pathogenic pathway to be explored for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for CAV.
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Lazarte J, Tumiati LC, Rao V, Delgado DH. New Developments in HLA-G in Cardiac Transplantation. Hum Immunol 2015; 77:740-5. [PMID: 26707934 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human Leukocyte Antigen-G (HLA-G) is a non-classical class 1b protein, whose gene is located on chromosome 6 (6p21.31). HLA-G inhibits the immune cells' cytotoxic activity by interacting with specific receptors on their membranes. Since it is a naturally occurring immune modulator, HLA-G has been investigated in transplantation. Indeed, a number of investigations reveal that HLA-G expression is influenced by genetic polymorphisms and in turn, those polymorphisms are associated with detrimental or beneficial outcomes in various pathological situations. The present review introduces the HLA-G molecule, the gene and its polymorphisms. It focuses on the expression of HLA-G and the role of polymorphisms primarily in heart transplant outcomes, secondarily in other transplant organs, as well as the role of the allograft and effect of medical therapy. We discuss the limitations in HLA-G transplant investigations and future directions. The immune inhibiting activity of HLA-G has a great deal of potential for its utilization in enhancing diagnostic, preventive and therapeutic strategies against rejection in the setting of transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Lazarte
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital-University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Laura C Tumiati
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital-University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vivek Rao
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital-University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Diego H Delgado
- Division of Cardiology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital-University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Schmitt J, Eckardt S, Schlegel PG, Sirén AL, Bruttel VS, McLaughlin KJ, Wischhusen J, Müller AM. Human Parthenogenetic Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Neural Stem Cells Express HLA-G and Show Unique Resistance to NK Cell-Mediated Killing. Mol Med 2015; 21:185-96. [PMID: 25811991 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2014.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Parent-of-origin imprints have been implicated in the regulation of neural differentiation and brain development. Previously we have shown that, despite the lack of a paternal genome, human parthenogenetic (PG) embryonic stem cells (hESCs) can form proliferating neural stem cells (NSCs) that are capable of differentiation into physiologically functional neurons while maintaining allele-specific expression of imprinted genes. Since biparental ("normal") hESC-derived NSCs (N NSCs) are targeted by immune cells, we characterized the immunogenicity of PG NSCs. Flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry revealed that both N NSCs and PG NSCs exhibited surface expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I but not HLA-DR molecules. Functional analyses using an in vitro mixed lymphocyte reaction assay resulted in less proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with PG compared with N NSCs. In addition, natural killer (NK) cells cytolyzed PG less than N NSCs. At a molecular level, expression analyses of immune regulatory factors revealed higher HLA-G levels in PG compared with N NSCs. In line with this finding, MIR152, which represses HLA-G expression, is less transcribed in PG compared with N cells. Blockage of HLA-G receptors ILT2 and KIR2DL4 on natural killer cell leukemia (NKL) cells increased cytolysis of PG NSCs. Together this indicates that PG NSCs have unique immunological properties due to elevated HLA-G expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Schmitt
- Institute for Medical Radiology and Cell Research (MSZ) in the Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (ZEMM), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sigrid Eckardt
- Center for Molecular and Human Genetics, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Paul G Schlegel
- University Children's Hospital Würzburg, Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anna-Leena Sirén
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section for Experimental Tumor Immunology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Valentin S Bruttel
- University of Würzburg Medical School, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section for Experimental Tumor Immunology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - K John McLaughlin
- Center for Molecular and Human Genetics, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jörg Wischhusen
- University of Würzburg Medical School, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section for Experimental Tumor Immunology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Albrecht M Müller
- Institute for Medical Radiology and Cell Research (MSZ) in the Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (ZEMM), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Human Leukocyte Antigen-G Within the Male Reproductive System: Implications for Reproduction. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 868:171-90. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-18881-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Djurisic S, Hviid TVF. HLA Class Ib Molecules and Immune Cells in Pregnancy and Preeclampsia. Front Immunol 2014; 5:652. [PMID: 25566263 PMCID: PMC4274990 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of research, the highly prevalent pregnancy complication preeclampsia, “the disease of theories,” has remained an enigma. Indeed, the etiology of preeclampsia is largely unknown. A compiling amount of studies indicates that the pathological basis involves a complex array of genetic predisposition and immunological maladaptation, and that a contribution from the mother, the father, and the fetus is likely to be important. The Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-G is an increasing focus of research in relation to preeclampsia. The HLA-G molecule is primarily expressed by the extravillous trophoblast cells lining the placenta together with the two other HLA class Ib molecules, HLA-E and HLA-F. Soluble isoforms of HLA-G have been detected in the early endometrium, the matured cumulus–oocyte complex, maternal blood of pregnant women, in umbilical cord blood, and lately, in seminal plasma. HLA-G is believed to be involved in modulating immune responses in the context of vascular remodeling during pregnancy as well as in dampening potential harmful immune attacks raised against the semi-allogeneic fetus. In addition, HLA-G genetic variants are associated with both membrane-bound and soluble forms of HLA-G, and, in some studies, with preeclampsia. In this review, a genetic contribution from the mother, the father, and the fetus, together with the presence and function of various immune cells of relevance in pregnancy are reviewed in relation to HLA-G and preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snezana Djurisic
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Centre for Immune Regulation and Reproductive Immunology (CIRRI), Copenhagen University Hospital (Roskilde), University of Copenhagen , Roskilde , Denmark
| | - Thomas Vauvert F Hviid
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Centre for Immune Regulation and Reproductive Immunology (CIRRI), Copenhagen University Hospital (Roskilde), University of Copenhagen , Roskilde , Denmark
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Djurisic S, Teiblum S, Tolstrup C, Christiansen O, Hviid T. Allelic imbalance modulates surface expression of the tolerance-inducing HLA-G molecule on primary trophoblast cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 21:281-95. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gau108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Lynge Nilsson L, Djurisic S, Hviid TVF. Controlling the Immunological Crosstalk during Conception and Pregnancy: HLA-G in Reproduction. Front Immunol 2014; 5:198. [PMID: 24860568 PMCID: PMC4026753 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In several years after its discovery in the placenta, the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class Ib protein, HLA-G, was not given much attention, nor was it assigned great importance. As time has unraveled, HLA-G has proven to have distinctive functions and an unforeseen and possibly important role in reproduction. HLA-G is characterized mainly by its low polymorphism and restricted tissue distribution in non-pathological conditions. In fact, its expression pattern is primarily limited to extravillous cytotrophoblast cells at the maternal-fetal interface during pregnancy. Due to low polymorphism, almost the same protein is expressed by virtually all individuals. It is these unique features that make HLA-G differ from its highly polymorphic HLA class Ia counterparts, the HLA-A, -B, and -C molecules. Its function, seemingly diverse, is typically receptor-mediated, and involves interactions with a wide range of immune cells. As the expression of HLA-G primarily is limited to gestation, this has given rise to the hypothesis that HLA-G plays an important role in the immunological tolerance of the fetus by the mother. In keeping with this, it might not be surprising that polymorphisms in the HLA-G gene, and levels of HLA-G expression, have been linked to reproductive failure and pre-eclampsia. Based on recent studies, we speculate that HLA-G might be involved in mechanisms in reproductive immunology even before conception because HLA-G can be detected in the genital tract and in the blood of non-pregnant women, and is present in seminal fluid from men. In addition, HLA-G expression has been found in the pre-implanted embryo. Therefore, we propose that a combined contribution from the mother, the father, and the embryo/fetus is likely to be important. Furthermore, this review presents important aspects of HLA-G in relation to reproduction: from genetics to physiological effects, from pregnancy and pregnancy complications to a short discussion on future possible means of preventative measures and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Lynge Nilsson
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Reproductive Immunology, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital , Roskilde , Denmark
| | - Snezana Djurisic
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Reproductive Immunology, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital , Roskilde , Denmark
| | - Thomas Vauvert F Hviid
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Reproductive Immunology, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital , Roskilde , Denmark
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Rasmussen M, Dahl M, Buus S, Djurisic S, Ohlsson J, Hviid TVF. Evaluation of a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measurements of soluble HLA-G protein. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 84:206-15. [DOI: 10.1111/tan.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Rasmussen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Centre for Immune Regulation and Reproductive Immunology (CIRRI), Copenhagen University Hospital (Roskilde) and Roskilde Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
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Dahl M, Perin TL, Djurisic S, Rasmussen M, Ohlsson J, Buus S, Lindhard A, Hviid TVF. Soluble Human Leukocyte Antigen-G in Seminal Plasma is Associated with HLA-G Genotype: Possible Implications for Fertility Success. Am J Reprod Immunol 2014; 72:89-105. [DOI: 10.1111/aji.12251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mette Dahl
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Reproductive Immunology (CIRRI); Department of Clinical Biochemistry; Copenhagen University Hospital (Roskilde) and Roskilde Hospital; Roskilde Denmark
| | - Trine L. Perin
- The Fertility Clinic; Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics; Copenhagen University Hospital (Roskilde) and Roskilde Hospital; Roskilde Denmark
| | - Snezana Djurisic
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Reproductive Immunology (CIRRI); Department of Clinical Biochemistry; Copenhagen University Hospital (Roskilde) and Roskilde Hospital; Roskilde Denmark
| | - Merete Rasmussen
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Reproductive Immunology (CIRRI); Department of Clinical Biochemistry; Copenhagen University Hospital (Roskilde) and Roskilde Hospital; Roskilde Denmark
| | - Janni Ohlsson
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology; Faculty of Health Sciences; The Panum Institute; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Søren Buus
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology; Faculty of Health Sciences; The Panum Institute; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Anette Lindhard
- The Fertility Clinic; Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics; Copenhagen University Hospital (Roskilde) and Roskilde Hospital; Roskilde Denmark
| | - Thomas Vauvert F. Hviid
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Reproductive Immunology (CIRRI); Department of Clinical Biochemistry; Copenhagen University Hospital (Roskilde) and Roskilde Hospital; Roskilde Denmark
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Sørensen AE, Johnsen CR, Dalgaard LT, Würtzen PA, Kristensen B, Larsen MH, Ullum H, Søes-Petersen U, Hviid TVF. Human leukocyte antigen-G and regulatory T cells during specific immunotherapy for pollen allergy. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2013; 162:237-52. [PMID: 24022071 DOI: 10.1159/000353281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TH2-biased immune responses are important in allergy pathogenesis. Mechanisms of allergen-specific immunotherapy (SIT) might include the induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and immunoglobulin (Ig) G4 blocking antibodies, a reduction in the number of effector cells, and skewing of the cytokine profile towards a TH1-polarized immune response. We investigated the effects of SIT on T cells, on immunomodulation of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G, which has been associated with allergy, on regulatory cytokine expression, and on serum allergen-specific antibody subclasses (IgE and IgG4). METHODS Eleven birch and/or grass pollen-allergic patients and 10 healthy nonatopic controls were studied before and during SIT. Tregs, chemokine receptors, soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G), Ig-like transcript (ILT) 2, specific IgE, and IgG4 were studied. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were stimulated with pollen extract in vitro and immune factors were evaluated. RESULTS During SIT, the main changes in the peripheral blood were an increase in CXCR3(+)CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(low/-) Tregs and a decrease in CCR4(+)CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(low/-) Tregs, an increase in allergen-specific IgG4, and a decrease in sHLA-G during the first half of the treatment period. In the PBMC in vitro experiments, the following changes were observed upon allergen-stimulation: an increase in CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(low/-) Tregs and ILT2(+)CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(low/-) Tregs, an increase in IL-10 and IL-2 levels, and an increase in sHLA-G that was most pronounced at the start of SIT. CONCLUSIONS The changes in CXCR3(+)CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(low/-) Treg, IgG4, and sHLA-G levels in the peripheral blood and in ILT2(+) Treg, IL-10, IL-2, and sHLA-G levels upon in vitro allergen stimulation suggest an upregulation in immunomodulatory factors and, to some degree, a shift towards TH1 during SIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja E Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Centre for Immune Regulation and Reproductive Immunology (CIRRI), Copenhagen University Hospital (Roskilde) and Roskilde Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
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Mosaferi E, Majidi J, Mohammadian M, Babaloo Z, Monfaredan A, Baradaran B. HLA-G Expression Pattern: Reliable Assessment for Pregnancy Outcome Prediction. Adv Pharm Bull 2013; 3:443-6. [PMID: 24312875 DOI: 10.5681/apb.2013.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Because mothers and fathers are more or less dissimilar at multiple HLA loci, mother considers her fetus as a semi-allograft. Mother's immune system may recognize paternal HLA as foreign antigen and may develop anti-paternal HLA antibodies and cytotoxic T lymphocyte. There are some mechanisms that modulate maternal immune responses during pregnancy, in order to make uterus an immune privileged site. This immunosuppression is believed to be mediated, at least partly, by HLA-G, non-classical class I human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecule that is strongly expressed in cytotrophoblast and placenta. The major HLA-G function is its ability to inhibit T and B lymphocytes, NK cells and antigen-presenting cells (APC).Since HLA-G is expressed strongly at the maternofetal interface and has an essential role in immunosuppression, HLA-G polymorphism and altered expression of HLA-G seems to be associated with some complications of pregnancy, such as pre-eclampsia, recurrent misscariage and failure in IVF.This perspective discusses recent findings about HLA-G genetics, function, expression and polymorphism; and focus on HLA-G role in the etiology of recurrent miscarriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Mosaferi
- Immunology Research Center,Tabriz university of Medical Sciences. Tabriz. Iran. ; Tabriz International University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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21
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Svendsen SG, Hantash BM, Zhao L, Faber C, Bzorek M, Nissen MH, Hviid TVF. The expression and functional activity of membrane-bound human leukocyte antigen-G1 are influenced by the 3'-untranslated region. Hum Immunol 2013; 74:818-27. [PMID: 23583363 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-G is an immunosuppressive molecule acting on both the innate and adaptive immune system. A 14 bp insertion/deletion polymorphism (rs66554220) in the 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) of the HLA-G gene has been associated with a number of diseases, pregnancy complications, and graft rejection after organ transplantation. We have investigated the effect of HLA-G polymorphism in the 3'UTR on the processing and stability of the membrane-bound HLA-G1 (mHLA-G1) isoform, as well as its functional significance. Different HLA-G1 cDNA sequences were transduced into the human K562 cell line. Flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA were used to examine HLA-G1 protein expression. A quantitative RT-PCR assay was used to quantify transduced HLA-G1 DNA and mRNA transcript levels. Stability of mRNA and functional significance of HLA-G were investigated via Actinomycin D and NK cytotoxicity assays, respectively. Human leukocyte antigen-G mRNA from the 14 bp insertion K562-G1 cells showed a higher degree of stability than the other constructs, and increased mHLA-G1 expression relative to transductants lacking the 14 bp sequence. In line with this, transductants carrying the 14 bp insertion were the most efficient in inhibiting NK cytotoxicity but showed a lower soluble HLA-G1 per mHLA-G1 ratio than the HLA-G1 K562 cells lacking the 14 bp insertion. Our data suggest 3'UTR polymorphism may play an important role in HLA-G regulation with implications on a range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe Goul Svendsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Centre for Immune Regulation and Reproductive Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital (Roskilde), Roskilde, Denmark
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Mociornita AG, Lim-Shon J, Joseph JM, Ross HJ, Rao V, Delgado DH. Can HLA-G polymorphisms predict the development of cardiac allograft vasculopathy? Hum Immunol 2012; 74:464-7. [PMID: 23261409 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2012.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A 14 bp insertion/deletion polymorphism in exon 8 of the HLA-G gene is associated with mRNA stability and HLA-G expression. In cardiac transplantation, the 14 bp deletion polymorphism plays an important role in the expression of HLA-G and is associated with fewer episodes of cellular rejection. We investigated the association between the 14 bp insertion/deletion HLA-G polymorphism and cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) post heart transplantation. There were no statistically significant differences in the presence of the three HLA-G genotypes (-14 bp/-14 bp, +14 bp/-14 bp, +14 bp/+14 bp) between patients without CAV and patients with CAV at 1 year (p=0.61) or 5 years (p=0.76) post-transplant. We found no correlation between HLA-G genotypes and CAV progression from baseline to 5 years post-transplant (p=0.55). HLA-G polymorphism appears to play an important role as a genetic indicator for cellular rejection post-transplant; however, it is not a reliable marker to identify patients at risk of CAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia G Mociornita
- Heart Transplant Program, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
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Larsen MH, Bzorek M, Pass MB, Larsen LG, Nielsen MW, Svendsen SG, Lindhard A, Hviid TVF. Human leukocyte antigen-G in the male reproductive system and in seminal plasma. Mol Hum Reprod 2011; 17:727-38. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gar052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Twito T, Joseph J, Mociornita A, Rao V, Ross H, Delgado DH. The 14-bp deletion in the HLA-G gene indicates a low risk for acute cellular rejection in heart transplant recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2011; 30:778-82. [PMID: 21482149 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2011.01.726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Revised: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) is a non-classical Ib molecule in the major histocompatibility complex. HLA-G has important immunosuppressive properties, and in the context of cardiac transplantation, is associated with a low risk of cellular rejection. A 14-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism in exon 8 of the HLA-G gene is associated with messenger RNA (mRNA) stability and expression of HLA-G. This study analyzed the relationship between HLA-G polymorphisms and serum HLA-G levels in patients after cardiac transplantation to determine if any specific HLA-G genotype is associated with cellular rejection. METHODS Ninety-four heart transplant patients were genotyped for the 14-bp polymorphism. Serum HLA-G levels and cellular rejection grades were evaluated in all patients. RESULTS The 14-bp polymorphism was significantly associated with serum HLA-G expression. Patients with the -14-bp/-14-bp genotype had significantly higher mean serum HLA-G levels (88.2 U/ml) than those patients with the +14-bp/-14-bp (52.8 U/ml) and +14-bp/+14-bp (32.2 U/ml) genotypes (p = 0.004). The -14 bp/-14-bp genotype was significantly associated with fewer episodes of cellular rejection. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the 14-bp deletion in the HLA-G gene plays an important role in the expression of HLA-G and thus might be a clinically useful genetic indicator for cellular rejection risk after cardiac transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Twito
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Rizzo R, Vercammen M, van de Velde H, Horn PA, Rebmann V. The importance of HLA-G expression in embryos, trophoblast cells, and embryonic stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:341-52. [PMID: 21080028 PMCID: PMC11114702 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0578-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The nonclassical HLA-G molecule is a trophoblast-specific molecule present in almost every pregnancy. It differs from classical HLA class I molecules by the low degree of allelic variants and the high diversity of protein structures. HLA-G is reported to be a tolerogenic molecule that acts on cells of both innate and adaptive immunity. At the maternal-fetal interface HLA-G seems to be responsible largely for the reprogramming of local maternal immune response. This review will focus on the HLA-G gene expression profile in pregnancy, in preimplantation embryos, and in human embryonic stem cells with emphasis on the structural diversity of the HLA-G protein and its potential functional and diagnostic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Rizzo
- Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, Section of Medical Genetics, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martine Vercammen
- Department of Hematology, Universitair Ziekenhuis (UZ) Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hilde van de Velde
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Universitair Ziekenhuis (UZ) Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Universitair Ziekenhuis (UZ) Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter A. Horn
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Essen, Virchowstr. 179, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Vera Rebmann
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Essen, Virchowstr. 179, 45122 Essen, Germany
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26
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Ghandri N, Gabbouj S, Farhat K, Bouaouina N, Abdelaziz H, Nouri A, Chouchane L, Hassen E. Association of HLA-G polymorphisms with nasopharyngeal carcinoma risk and clinical outcome. Hum Immunol 2011; 72:150-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2010.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Revised: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Human leukocyte antigen-G polymorphism in relation to expression, function, and disease. Hum Immunol 2009; 70:1026-34. [PMID: 19651180 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2009.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Revised: 07/24/2009] [Accepted: 07/28/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) is a nonclassical class Ib molecule belonging to the major histocompatibility complex. HLA-G appears to play a role in the suppression of immune responses and contribute to long-term immune escape or tolerance. The focus of this review is polymorphism in the HLA-G gene and protein and its possible importance in expression, function, and disease associations.
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Goldman-Wohl D, Yagel S. Preeclampsia--a placenta developmental biology perspective. J Reprod Immunol 2009; 82:96-9. [PMID: 19586664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2009.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2009] [Revised: 04/20/2009] [Accepted: 05/01/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
There are abundant theories in the scientific literature that propose a range of pathophysiological pathways for preeclampsia. In this review we discuss some of the contributions made to this field from the perspective of a placental developmental biology laboratory. We discuss an underlying immune component of preeclampsia associated with expression of HLA-G and also a beneficial function of decidual NK cells. We conclude by summarizing newer findings regarding the anti-angiogenic expression of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase (sFlt-1) and its role in the development of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra Goldman-Wohl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Centers, Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Can soluble human leucocyte antigen-G predict successful pregnancy in assisted reproductive technology? Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2009; 21:285-90. [DOI: 10.1097/gco.0b013e32832924cd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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30
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The HLA-G 14bp gene polymorphism and decidual HLA-G 14bp gene expression in pre-eclamptic and normal pregnancies. J Reprod Immunol 2008; 78:158-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2008.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2007] [Revised: 01/30/2008] [Accepted: 03/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Vianna P, Dalmáz CA, Veit TD, Tedoldi C, Roisenberg I, Chies JAB. Immunogenetics of pregnancy: role of a 14-bp deletion in the maternal HLA-G gene in primiparous pre-eclamptic Brazilian women. Hum Immunol 2007; 68:668-74. [PMID: 17678721 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2007.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2007] [Revised: 04/13/2007] [Accepted: 05/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The etiology and pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia (PE) involve a combination of maternal-fetal genetic and immunologic factors. The immunologic maladaptation theory of PE predicts that the maternal immune system does not tolerate the semi-allogeneic fetus. Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) is expressed in some types of immune cells as well as in the fetal-maternal interface by trophoblasts, playing an immunoregulatory role. Here we have evaluated a 14-bp deletion polymorphism in the 3'-untranslated region of exon 8 of HLA-G gene in pregnant PE women and controls. HLA-G genotypes in both control and PE women were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The healthy pregnant and PE women had similar genotype frequencies (p = 0.789). This was similarly observed when PE women were subgrouped accordingly to severity of disease (p = 0.646). However, the primiparous PE women presented a tendency toward higher frequency of the 14-bp deletion allele (0.442) compared with the primiparous healthy women (0.286), p = 0.09. Our data suggest that the maternal 14-bp deletion of HLA-G is not associated with the risk for PE but that it could affect the development of PE in primiparous women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Vianna
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Genetics, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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32
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Yan WH, Lin A, Chen XJ, Dai MZ, Gan LH, Zhou MY, Zhu M, Shi WW, Liu JM. Association of the maternal 14-bp insertion polymorphism in the HLA-G gene in women with recurrent spontaneous abortions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 68:521-3. [PMID: 17176444 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2006.00723.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G has been postulated as an important immunotolerant molecule in maintaining fetal-maternal relationship. Recent reports indicated that the 14-bp deletion/insertion polymorphism in exon 8 of HLA-G gene influences HLA-G mRNA stability and isoform splicing patterns, thus modulating the levels of HLA-G expression. This might play an immunomodulatory role of HLA-G during implantation and pregnancy. In the present study, 109 unrelated fertile control women and 79 women who had experienced recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) were genotyped for the 14-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism. No significant difference was observed in the distribution of 14-bp insertion/deletion genotype between controls and the RSA group. However, a greater number of 14-bp insertion alleles exist in the RSA group than in the controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Yan
- Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical College, Linhai, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Aikhionbare FO, Kumaresan K, Shamsa F, Bond VC. HLA-G DNA sequence variants and risk of perinatal HIV-1 transmission. AIDS Res Ther 2006; 3:28. [PMID: 17059603 PMCID: PMC1634865 DOI: 10.1186/1742-6405-3-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2006] [Accepted: 10/23/2006] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background HLA-G gene is a non-classical MHC class 1 molecule that is highly expressed in the trophoblast at the maternal-fetal interface. In an attempt to elucidate possible immunological mechanisms facilitating protection of infants born to human immunodeficiency virus type (HIV-1) infected mothers, we have been studying genetic variations in the coding and untranslated regions of HLA-G antigen between HIV-1-infected mothers and their infected or uninfected infants. This study investigated whether HLA-G DNA sequence variants are associated with perinatal HIV-1 transmission. Results Genomic DNA samples were obtained from a nested case-control study of 34 mother-child pairs co-enrolled in a cohort of the Perinatal AIDS Collaborative Transmission Study in New York. The samples were from two groups predominantly of African-American and Hispanic origin: In the first group, both mother and child were HIV-1-infected; in the second group, only the mother was infected while the child remained uninfected. Genotyping of HLA-G gene were performed on the extracted DNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells using PCR based sequencing and restriction fragment-length polymorphism analyses. Among the studied HLA-G exons, dissimilarities in HLA-G DNA sequence variants between the HIV-1 non-transmitting mother child pairs were mostly observed in exon 8-3'-untranslated region at nucleotide positions T3742A, C3743T, G3777C (P = 0.001). Non-transmitting HIV-1 mother child pairs exhibited dissimilarities at nucleotide position C3743T allele with decreased risk of perinatal HIV-1 transmission, compared with HIV-1 transmitting mother-child pairs carrying this allele (odds ratio 0.02 [95% confidence interval 0.00–0.15] P = 0.00001). In addition, heterozygous dissimilarities at nucleotide positions C634G and 714 insT/G in the 5'-upstream regulatory region were observed between the mother child pairs of the HIV-1-non-transmitting group while homozygous similarities of C634C, and either 714insG/G or mother-child pairs with similar 714insT/G were observed among the transmitting group in the same region. Conclusion This study identified new variants in the HLA-G gene and provides further evidence that dissimilarities in the HLA-G DNA sequence variants could influence the transmission of HIV-1 from infected mothers to their infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix O Aikhionbare
- Department of Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - K Kumaresan
- Department of Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Falah Shamsa
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Vincent C Bond
- Department of Microbiology/Biochemistry/Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
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Hviid TVF. HLA-G in human reproduction: aspects of genetics, function and pregnancy complications. Hum Reprod Update 2005; 12:209-32. [PMID: 16280356 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmi048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The non-classical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class Ib genes, HLA-E, -G and -F, are located on chromosome 6 in the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC). HLA class Ib antigens resemble the HLA class Ia antigens in many ways, but several major differences have been described. This review will, in particular, discuss HLA-G and its role in human reproduction and in the human MHC. HLA-G seems to be important in the modulation of the maternal immune system during pregnancy and thereby the maternal acceptance of the semiallogenic fetus. Recent findings regarding aspects of HLA-G polymorphism, the possible significance of this polymorphism in respect to HLA-G function and certain complications of pregnancy (such as pre-eclampsia and recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSA)) are discussed together with possible importance to IVF. Finally, aspects of a possible role of HLA-G in organ transplantation and in inflammatory or autoimmune disease, and of HLA-G in an evolutionary context, are also briefly examined.
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Hviid TVF, Christiansen OB. Linkage disequilibrium between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II and HLA-G--possible implications for human reproduction and autoimmune disease. Hum Immunol 2005; 66:688-99. [PMID: 15993714 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2005.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2004] [Revised: 03/03/2005] [Accepted: 03/09/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A line of investigation indicates that one or several genes in the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) influences reproductive success. Studies have revealed associations between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II genes and risk of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) and pre-eclampsia. However, these genes are not expressed at the feto-maternal interface. Furthermore, associations between polymorphisms in the nonclassical HLA class Ib gene, HLA-G, and reproductive outcome have been demonstrated. HLA-G is expressed by extravillous trophoblast during pregnancy, making it a more obvious candidate gene for a possible influence on pregnancy outcome. HLA-G has immunomodulatory functions. We have studied linkage disequilibrium between HLA class II genes, primarily HLA-DRB1 alleles, and HLA-G alleles in women with RSA and their partners (n = 103) and in control women and their partners (n = 92). We found a significant linkage disequilibrium between HLA-DR3 and HLA-G*010102 in both the RSA and control populations. For all four studied HLA loci, the alleles in the haplotype HLA-DRB1*03.DQA1*05.DQB1*02.G*010102 was in clear linkage disequilibrium. This HLA haplotype has repeatedly been associated with different autoimmune diseases but also with RSA. The G*010102 allele includes a 14-bp sequence polymorphism in the 3' untranslated region of the gene, which has been associated with differences in HLA-G mRNA alternative splicing and stability. This 14-bp polymorphism has also been associated with RSA, pre-eclampsia, and outcome of in vitro fertilization. Implications of HLA polymorphism--and other polymorphic genes in the MHC for pregnancy outcome--and for autoimmune diseases during pregnancy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Vauvert F Hviid
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Rizzo R, Hviid TVF, Stignani M, Balboni A, Grappa MT, Melchiorri L, Baricordi OR. The HLA-G genotype is associated with IL-10 levels in activated PBMCs. Immunogenetics 2005; 57:172-81. [PMID: 15900488 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-005-0788-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2005] [Accepted: 02/03/2005] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G is an MHC class Ib molecule that is expressed at the feto-maternal interface during pregnancy. However, recent results have also shown that it may have important functions as an immuno-modulatory factor in adult life. Differences in the pattern of alternative splicing and in the stability of HLA-G mRNA transcripts have been associated with HLA-G polymorphisms, especially a 14 bp deletion/insertion polymorphism in the 3' untranslated region of the HLA-G gene. We have investigated the secretion of HLA-G5/soluble HLA-G1 and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated peripheral blood mononuclear lymphocytes (PBMCs) in relation to the HLA-G 14 bp genotype. No HLA-G5/sHLA-G1 could be detected in the non-activated control PBMC culture media, and there were no significant differences among the three HLA-G 14 bp genotypes regarding IL-10 concentrations. In LPS-activated PBMC cultures, no significant differences among the three HLA-G 14 bp genotypes regarding HLA-G5/sHLA-G1 concentrations were observed. However, this was in contrast to the IL-10 levels (P=0.0004, Kruskal-Wallis test). The +14/+14 bp PBMC samples expressed higher levels of IL-10 when compared to the -14/+14 bp genotype and the -14/-14 bp genotype. Interestingly, the IL-10 G/G polymorphism at position -1082 was more frequent in the +14/+14 bp genotype (P=0.024, chi2 test). These results support an autocrine loop between HLA-G5/sHLA-G1 and IL-10 expression in activated PBMCs, which may result in higher IL-10 levels in +14/+14 bp HLA-G genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Rizzo
- Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44100 Ferrara, Italy.
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Hviid TVF, Larsen LG, Hoegh AM, Bzorek M. HLA-G Expression in Placenta in Relation to HLA-G Genotype and Polymorphisms. Am J Reprod Immunol 2004; 52:212-7. [PMID: 15373761 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2004.00208.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM The expression of the non-classical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class Ib gene, HLA-G, seems to be important at the feto-maternal interface. The HLA-G molecule is almost monomorphic and expressed in both membrane-bound and soluble isoforms. It has been shown to inhibit natural killer cell -mediated lysis and influence cytokine expression. HLA-G gene polymorphism has been linked to differences in gene expression profile of alternatively spliced HLA-G transcripts and levels of specific HLA-G messenger RNA (mRNA) isoforms. Furthermore, aberrant HLA-G expression has been reported in preeclamptic placentas. On this background it is of general interest to further elucidate any associations between HLA-G polymorphism and protein expression. METHODS We have investigated HLA-G protein expression by immunohistochemistry in HLA-G genotyped placentas from term. HLA-G mRNA expression in preeclamptic placentas and in control placentas was also studied by microarray technology. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The studies of HLA-G protein expression in term placentas by immunohistochemical analysis showed no clear associations with HLA-G genotypes although this could be because of the very semi-quantitative nature of this technique. However, we found a tendency towards reduction of HLA-G mRNA expression in placentas from preeclamptic cases compared to matched controls with the use of microarray technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Vauvert F Hviid
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
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Hviid TVF, Rizzo R, Christiansen OB, Melchiorri L, Lindhard A, Baricordi OR. HLA-G and IL-10 in serum in relation to HLA-G genotype and polymorphisms. Immunogenetics 2004; 56:135-41. [PMID: 15133645 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-004-0673-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2004] [Accepted: 03/22/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The expression and importance of the non-classical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class Ib gene, HLA-G, at the feto-maternal interface have been recognized. The HLA-G molecule is almost monomorphic and expressed in both membrane-bound and soluble isoforms. It has been shown to inhibit NK-mediated cell lysis and influence cytokine expression. Recently, a possible boarder immunoregulatory function of HLA-G also in adult life has been recognized. HLA-G gene polymorphism has been linked to differences in gene expression profile of alternatively spliced HLA-G transcripts and levels of specific HLA-G mRNA isoforms. On this background it is of general interest to further elucidate any associations between HLA-G polymorphism and protein expression. We have HLA-G genotyped 85 individuals attending IVF treatment, and further studied sHLA-G1/HLA-G5 and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in serum samples. In 21% of the serum samples sHLA-G1/HLA-G5 could be detected. There was no correlation between sHLA-G1/HLA-G5 and IL-10 concentrations in serum. Soluble HLA-G1/HLA-G5 was not detected in any samples homozygous for a 14-bp insertion polymorphism in exon 8 of the 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) of the HLA-G gene ( P=0.03; Fisher's exact test). Polymorphisms in the 5'-upstream regulatory region (5'URR) of the HLA-G gene were also studied. In conclusion, this study indicates that polymorphisms in the 3'UTR and the 5'URR of the HLA-G gene may influence the expression of sHLA-G of possible importance in pathological pregnancies and also in organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Vauvert F Hviid
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark.
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Hviid TVF, Hylenius S, Rørbye C, Nielsen LG. HLA-G allelic variants are associated with differences in the HLA-G mRNA isoform profile and HLA-G mRNA levels. Immunogenetics 2003; 55:63-79. [PMID: 12712263 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-003-0547-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2002] [Revised: 01/22/2003] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During pregnancy, the human extra-villous trophoblast in the contact zone between maternal and fetal tissue in the placenta does not express the classical MHC class I and II molecules. Instead, HLA-G and -C, and possibly HLA-E, are expressed. HLA-G may modulate the immunological relationship between mother and fetus in several ways. Finally, the expression of membrane-bound HLA-G and soluble HLA-G has been proposed to influence the outcome of pregnancy, and an aberrant HLA-G expression in pre-eclamptic placentas and spontaneous abortions has been reported. Here, an association between certain HLA-G polymorphisms and the mRNA levels of the different alternatively spliced HLA-G isoforms in first trimester trophoblast cell populations is reported. Several alternatively spliced HLA-G mRNA isoforms, including a 14-bp polymorphism in the 3'UTR end (exon 8) of the HLA-G gene, are expressed at a significantly lower level than the corresponding HLA-G mRNA isoforms with the 14-bp sequence deleted. Furthermore, characteristic HLA-G mRNA isoform expression patterns were associated with specific HLA-G genotypes and alleles. In the HLA-G*01012 and - G*01013 alleles that include the 14-bp sequence, an additional alternative splicing was observed, with the first 92-bp of exon 8 spliced out. This was most pronounced in HLA-G genotypes with G*01013. These findings may have functional implications for the recent reports of aberrant HLA-G expression and reproductive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Vauvert F Hviid
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, H:S Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, 30 Kettegaard Allé, 2650, Hvidovre, Denmark.
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Hviid TV, Hylenius S, Hoegh AM, Kruse C, Christiansen OB. HLA-G polymorphisms in couples with recurrent spontaneous abortions. TISSUE ANTIGENS 2002; 60:122-32. [PMID: 12392506 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0039.2002.600202.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of a fraction of recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSA) may involve immunological mechanisms. Aberrant profiles of Th1 and Th2 cytokines have been observed which are not present in uncomplicated pregnancies. Studies of classical HLA class I and II antigens in relation to RSA have not been conclusive. Furthermore, these antigens are not expressed in the placenta with the exception of HLA-C. However, HLA-G is expressed on especially invasive cytotrophoblasts and exists in both membrane and soluble forms. HLA-G may be involved in materno-fetal tolerance. Therefore, 61 RSA couples (with three or more spontaneous abortions) and 47 fertile control couples were HLA-G genotyped by direct DNA sequencing and analyzed for specific polymorphisms. No statistically significant differences were observed in the distribution of HLA-G alleles between controls and RSA couples, however, 15% of the RSA women carried the HLA-G*0106 allele compared to 2% of the control women. The 14 bp deletion polymorphism in exon 8 was investigated separately. There were a greater number of heterozygotes for the 14 bp polymorphism in the group of fertile control women than expected, according to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Furthermore, the HLA-G alleles without the 14 bp sequence were prominent in the RSA males in contrast to the RSA women in whom alleles including the 14 bp sequence were frequently observed, especially as homozygotes. These results are discussed in relation to two hypotheses concerning HLA-G and RSA. A hypothesis of HLA-G histo-incompatibility between fetus/placenta and the mother was not supported by the data. Another hypothesis concerned certain HLA-G alleles associated with an altered expression profile of HLA-G isoforms or reduced expression of certain HLA-G isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- T V Hviid
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, H:S Hvidovre Hospital, Denmark.
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42
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Warner CM, Tyas DA, Goldstein C, Comiskey M, Cohen J, Brenner CA. Genotyping: the HLA system and embryo development. Reprod Biomed Online 2002; 4:133-9. [PMID: 12470575 PMCID: PMC2557436 DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)61930-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The human major histocompatibility complex (MHC), in addition to its role in the regulation of cell-cell interactions in the immune response, also influences reproductive success. Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) is an MHC class I gene of particular interest in reproductive biology because of its specific expression on fetal cytotrophoblast cells, and its reported involvement both in protection of the developing fetus from destruction by the maternal immune response and in the prevention of maternal pre-eclampsia. HLA-G has 15 known alleles at the DNA level, and allelic frequency varies among ethnic groups. This study describes the results of an inaugural attempt to correlate an HLA-G genetic polymorphism with pregnancy outcome in a patient population undergoing IVF. The study group was composed of 102 Caucasian women. A maternal HLA-G genetic polymorphism was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of DNA collected from granulosa cells surrounding oocytes harvested for the IVF procedure. While no statistically significant correlation was identified in this initial study, larger studies examining DNA from trios of mother, father and offspring are planned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol M Warner
- Department of Biology, 414 Mugar Hall, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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43
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Goldman-Wohl D, Ariel I, Greenfield C, Hochner-Celnikier D, Lavy Y, Yagel S. A study of human leukocyte antigen G expression in hydatidiform moles. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001; 185:476-80. [PMID: 11518912 DOI: 10.1067/mob.2001.115994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) is a nonclassic major histocompatibility gene normally expressed only in extravillous trophoblasts throughout pregnancy. It may be responsible in part for the successful evasion of the hemiallogenic trophoblasts from maternal immune surveillance. We investigated whether HLA-G is expressed in molar pregnancies. STUDY DESIGN We examined 5 complete hydatidiform mole specimens and 5 partial hydatidiform mole specimens to determine whether HLA-G is expressed by immunohistochemistry and by RNA in situ hybridization analysis. RESULTS We found that both the protein and RNA of HLA-G is expressed in complete and partial hydatidiform moles. CONCLUSION HLA-G RNA and protein are expressed in molar pregnancies. HLA-G expression is independent of embryonic development and may therefore be an integral part of placental development. Furthermore, expression of HLA-G in the complete hydatidiform mole, a naturally occurring androgenote, confirms expression of the paternal allele of HLA-G. Imprinting of HLA-G is therefore unlikely to play a role in protecting fetal trophoblasts from maternal immune rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Goldman-Wohl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
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Riteau B, Rouas-Freiss N, Menier C, Paul P, Dausset J, Carosella ED. HLA-G2, -G3, and -G4 isoforms expressed as nonmature cell surface glycoproteins inhibit NK and antigen-specific CTL cytolysis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 166:5018-26. [PMID: 11290782 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.8.5018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
HLA-G is a nonclassical MHC class I molecule that plays a major role in maternal-fetal tolerance. Four membrane-bound (HLA-G1 to -G4) and two soluble (HLA-G5, and -G6) proteins are generated by alternative splicing. Only HLA-G1 has been extensively studied in terms of both expression and function. We provide evidence here that HLA-G2, -G3, and -G4 truncated isoforms reach the cell surface of transfected cells, as endoglycosidase H-sensitive glycoproteins, after a 2-h chase period. Moreover, cytotoxicity experiments show that these transfected cells are protected from the lytic activity of both innate (NK cells) and acquired (CTL) effectors. These findings highlight the immunomodulatory role that HLA-G2, -G3, and -G4 proteins will assume during physiologic or pathologic processes in which HLA-G1 expression is altered.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antigens, CD/physiology
- Biological Transport, Active/immunology
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cell Membrane/genetics
- Cell Membrane/immunology
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Clone Cells/immunology
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/immunology
- Down-Regulation/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Female
- HLA Antigens/biosynthesis
- HLA Antigens/genetics
- HLA Antigens/immunology
- HLA Antigens/physiology
- HLA-G Antigens
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/biosynthesis
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/genetics
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/physiology
- Humans
- Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Lectins, C-Type
- Male
- Membrane Glycoproteins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/physiology
- Middle Aged
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily D
- Protein Biosynthesis/immunology
- Protein Isoforms/biosynthesis
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- Protein Isoforms/physiology
- Receptors, Immunologic/physiology
- Receptors, Natural Killer Cell
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Transfection
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- HLA-E Antigens
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Affiliation(s)
- B Riteau
- Service de Recherches en Hémato-Immunologie, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Direction des Sciences du Vivant-Department de Recherche Médicale, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint Louis, and Fondation Jean Dausset, Paris, France
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tse N Leung
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Tze K Lau
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR
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Menier C, Riteau B, Dausset J, Carosella ED, Rouas-Freiss N. HLA-G truncated isoforms can substitute for HLA-G1 in fetal survival. Hum Immunol 2000; 61:1118-25. [PMID: 11137216 DOI: 10.1016/s0198-8859(00)00194-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy is considered as an immunologic paradox because the fetus can be viewed as a semiallograft by the mother's immune system. Among the different factors implicated in the maternal-fetal tolerance, a central role has been attributed to HLA-G. The primary HLA-G mRNA is alternatively spliced, encoding four membrane-bound isoforms (HLA-G1, -G2, -G3, and -G4), and three soluble forms (HLA-G5, -G6, and -G7). Whereas HLA-G1 is expressed on trophoblast cells, HLA-G2, -G3, and -G4 isoforms have been only identified as transcripts in trophoblast and term placentas. In this work, we first showed that these HLA-G transcripts are translated into proteins in first trimester cytotrophoblast cells. Then, using a target cell line transfected with HLA-G genomic DNA, we analyzed the functional implication of HLA-G isoforms expression on NK function. Our results show that not only HLA-G1, but also the other HLA-G truncated isoforms, can inhibit NK cytolysis and therefore contribute to immune privilege for the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Menier
- Service de Recherches en Hémato-Immunologie, CEA/DSV/DRM, Hôpital Saint-Louis, IUH, Cedex, Paris, France
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King A, Burrows TD, Hiby SE, Bowen JM, Joseph S, Verma S, Lim PB, Gardner L, Le Bouteiller P, Ziegler A, Uchanska-Ziegler B, Loke YW. Surface expression of HLA-C antigen by human extravillous trophoblast. Placenta 2000; 21:376-87. [PMID: 10833373 DOI: 10.1053/plac.1999.0496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In this paper definitive evidence that the classical class I product, HLA-C, is expressed on the surface of normal trophoblast cells is provided. HLA-C transcripts were sequenced from cDNA isolated from first trimester trophoblast cells obtained by flow cytometric sorting. Both paternal and maternal alleles were transcribed. HLA-C proteins were demonstrated by biochemical analysis and found on the cell surface in association with beta(2)-microglobulin. Upregulation of cell surface HLA-C but not HLA-G expression after interferon (IFN)-gamma treatment was demonstrated by flow cytometric analysis. Immunohistology has confirmed HLA-C is expressed by all extravillous subpopulations in vivo. The question of whether trophoblast HLA-C molecules interact with decidual NK cells expressing killer Ig-like receptors (KIR) has also been addressed. Our results demonstrate that extravillous trophoblast expresses at least two HLA class I molecules, HLA-G and HLA-C on the cell surface.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antigens, Surface/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Surface/genetics
- Choriocarcinoma/metabolism
- Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect
- HLA Antigens/biosynthesis
- HLA-C Antigens/biosynthesis
- HLA-C Antigens/genetics
- HLA-G Antigens
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/biosynthesis
- Humans
- Interferon-gamma/pharmacology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Pregnancy
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Immunologic/immunology
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Receptors, KIR
- Receptors, KIR2DL1
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Trophoblasts/drug effects
- Trophoblasts/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Up-Regulation
- beta 2-Microglobulin/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- A King
- Research Group in Human Reproductive Immunobiology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK.
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Hviid TV, Sørensen S, Morling N. Polymorphism in the regulatory region located more than 1.1 kilobases 5' to the start site of transcription, the promoter region, and exon 1 of the HLA-G gene. Hum Immunol 1999; 60:1237-44. [PMID: 10626737 DOI: 10.1016/s0198-8859(99)00130-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The non-classic Human Leucocyte Antigen class Ib molecule, HLA-G, is expressed on the invasive, extra-villous cytotrophoblast in human placenta. HLA-G protects against natural killer (NK)-cell-mediated lysis and may modulate the secretion of cytokines. Aberrant expression of HLA-G has been reported in certain disorders of pregnancy. We have studied the DNA sequences of the putative regulatory region located more than 1.1 kilobases 5' from the start site of transcription (a 244 bp HindIII/EcoRI fragment) of the HLA-G gene and of the promoter region to detect any possible polymorphism. We detected one nucleotide substitution in the HindIII/ EcoRI region and one in the promoter region in the alleles G*01012, G*01013, G*0104, and G*0105N compared to G*01011. Several nucleotide substitutions were detected in the region between the 1.1 kb 5' regulatory region and the promoter region. Alleles can be divided into two groups based on the detected polymorphism. The nucleotide substitutions may have implications for the binding of nuclear factors to the regulatory regions. To our knowledge this is the first study of any polymorphism in the 5'-flanking sequences to the HLA-G gene. Further studies are needed to elucidate the exact impact of the detected polymorphism on levels or developmental regulation of HLA-G expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- T V Hviid
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, H:S Hvidovre Hospital, Denmark.
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Kirszenbaum M, Djoulah S, Hors J, Prost S, Dausset J, Carosella ED. Polymorphism of HLA-G gene and protein. J Reprod Immunol 1999; 43:105-9. [PMID: 10479047 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-0378(99)00025-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Kirszenbaum
- CEA-DRM-Service de Recherches en Hémato-Immunologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Centre Hayem, Paris, France.
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50
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Hviid TV, Morling N. Survival of fetuses and viruses: universal mechanisms of co-existence with an immunological potent host. Am J Reprod Immunol 1999; 41:353-5. [PMID: 10378031 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.1999.tb00449.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T V Hviid
- Copenhagen hospital Corporation, Department of Clinical Biochemistry 339, Hvidovre, Denmark
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