1
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Tinghino B, Cardellicchio S, Corso F, Cresci C, Pittelli V, Principe R, Siracu-Sano L, Zelano G, Zagà V, Cattaruzza MS. Cytisine for smoking cessation: A 40-day treatment with an induction period. Tob Prev Cessat 2024; 10:TPC-10-23. [PMID: 38803387 PMCID: PMC11129281 DOI: 10.18332/tpc/187556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cytisine is a smoking cessation drug now used worldwide. Most of the data available in the literature predict a 25-day treatment, accepted on the basis of previous clinical experience in Eastern Europe. There are few studies on dosing, and only recently some researchers have tried a longer treatment period. METHODS This real-world retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed data collected consecutively from 2015 to 2021, in seven smoking cessation centers in north-central Italy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of a 40-day cytisine treatment with an induction phase and a slower reduction schedule. Data were collected from a group of 871 patients treated with cysteine, varenicline, and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). The sample was not randomized. Behavioral support (4-6 sessions, each lasting 20-30 min, plus the evaluation session) was delivered to all patients. RESULTS Subgroups taking cytisine (n=543 for 40 days), varenicline (n=281 for 12 weeks), and NRT (n=47 for eight weeks) showed biochemically confirmed smoking abstinence at 6 months of 50.5%, 55.9%, and 51.0%, respectively, with a statistically significant difference between cytisine versus varenicline (p<0.01) but not between cytisine versus NRT (p=0.5597). Adverse events were 4.4% with cytisine and 33.3% with varenicline. Behavioral support was an important factor in effectiveness. CONCLUSIONS This study produced preliminary evidence that the 40-day regimen of cytisine, appears to have less effectiveness in comparison to varenicline but the magnitude of the effect is comparable. The results and tolerability seem to be better than in most other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biagio Tinghino
- Territorial Socio-Health District of Vimercate, ASST Brianza, Italy
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2
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Farías-Cea A, Leal C, Hödar-Salazar M, Esparza E, Martínez-Duran L, Fuentes I, Iturriaga-Vásquez P. Behavioral Study of 3- and 5-Halocytisine Derivatives in Zebrafish Using the Novel Tank Diving Test (NTT). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10635. [PMID: 37445811 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety is a serious mental disorder, and recent statistics have determined that 35.12% of the global population had an anxiety disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic. A mechanism associated with anxiolytic effects is related to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists, principally acting on the α4β2 nAChR subtype. nAChRs are present in different animal models, including murine and teleosteos ones. Zebrafish has become an ideal animal model due to its high human genetic similarities (70%), giving it high versatility in different areas of study, among them in behavioral studies related to anxiety. The novel tank diving test (NTT) is one of the many paradigms used for studies on new drugs related to their anxiolytic effect. In this work, an adult zebrafish was used to determine the behavioral effects of 3- and 5-halocytisine derivatives, using the NTT at different doses. Our results show that substitution at position 3 by chlorine or bromine decreases the time spent by the fish at the bottom compared to the control. However, the 3-chloro derivative at higher doses increases the bottom dwelling time. In contrast, substitution at the 5 position increases bottom dwelling at all concentrations showing no anxiolytic effects in this model. Unexpected results were observed with the 5-chlorocytisine derivative, which at a concentration of 10 mg/L produced a significant decrease in bottom dwelling and showed high times of freezing. In conclusion, the 3-chloro and 3-bromo derivatives show an anxiolytic effect, the 3-chlorocytisine derivative being more potent than the 3-bromo derivative, with the lowest time at the bottom of the tank at 1mg/L. On the other hand, chlorine, and bromine at position 5 produce an opposite effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaury Farías-Cea
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Molecular y Química Medicinal, Departamento de Ciencias Química y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Cristóbal Leal
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Molecular y Química Medicinal, Departamento de Ciencias Química y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Martín Hödar-Salazar
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Molecular y Química Medicinal, Departamento de Ciencias Química y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias mención Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Erica Esparza
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Molecular y Química Medicinal, Departamento de Ciencias Química y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias mención Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Luis Martínez-Duran
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Molecular y Química Medicinal, Departamento de Ciencias Química y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias mención Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Irma Fuentes
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco 4810101, Chile
| | - Patricio Iturriaga-Vásquez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Molecular y Química Medicinal, Departamento de Ciencias Química y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
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Nichols AL, Blumenfeld Z, Fan C, Luebbert L, Blom AEM, Cohen BN, Marvin JS, Borden PM, Kim CH, Muthusamy AK, Shivange AV, Knox HJ, Campello HR, Wang JH, Dougherty DA, Looger LL, Gallagher T, Rees DC, Lester HA. Fluorescence activation mechanism and imaging of drug permeation with new sensors for smoking-cessation ligands. eLife 2022; 11:e74648. [PMID: 34982029 PMCID: PMC8820738 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinic partial agonists provide an accepted aid for smoking cessation and thus contribute to decreasing tobacco-related disease. Improved drugs constitute a continued area of study. However, there remains no reductionist method to examine the cellular and subcellular pharmacokinetic properties of these compounds in living cells. Here, we developed new intensity-based drug-sensing fluorescent reporters (iDrugSnFRs) for the nicotinic partial agonists dianicline, cytisine, and two cytisine derivatives - 10-fluorocytisine and 9-bromo-10-ethylcytisine. We report the first atomic-scale structures of liganded periplasmic binding protein-based biosensors, accelerating development of iDrugSnFRs and also explaining the activation mechanism. The nicotinic iDrugSnFRs detect their drug partners in solution, as well as at the plasma membrane (PM) and in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of cell lines and mouse hippocampal neurons. At the PM, the speed of solution changes limits the growth and decay rates of the fluorescence response in almost all cases. In contrast, we found that rates of membrane crossing differ among these nicotinic drugs by >30-fold. The new nicotinic iDrugSnFRs provide insight into the real-time pharmacokinetic properties of nicotinic agonists and provide a methodology whereby iDrugSnFRs can inform both pharmaceutical neuroscience and addiction neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron L Nichols
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
| | - Zack Blumenfeld
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Chengcheng Fan
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
| | - Laura Luebbert
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
- Institute of Biology, Leiden UniversityLeidenNetherlands
| | - Annet EM Blom
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
| | - Bruce N Cohen
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
| | - Jonathan S Marvin
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
| | - Philip M Borden
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
| | - Charlene H Kim
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
| | - Anand K Muthusamy
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
| | - Amol V Shivange
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
| | - Hailey J Knox
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
| | | | - Jonathan H Wang
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
| | - Dennis A Dougherty
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
| | - Loren L Looger
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
| | | | - Douglas C Rees
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
| | - Henry A Lester
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
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Koval'skaya AV, Petrova PR, Tsypyshev DO, Lobov AN, Tsypysheva IP. Thionation of quinolizidine alkaloids and their derivatives via Lawesson's reagent. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:3538-3543. [PMID: 33397149 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1868460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Direct thionation of quinolizidine alkaloids (-)-cytisine, methylcytisine, thermopsine and some of their carbonyl derivatives was realized. It was established that carrying out of the reaction in the boiling toluene with 0.5 eq. of Lawesson's reagent (LR) is most effective for synthesis of thio analogues of methyl-, allyl-, benzylcytisine and thermopsine. It was found, that formation of thioamides is preferable in the case with starting 3-carboxamides of (-)-cytisine or 2-oxo and 4-oxo derivatives of methylcytisine; and an excess of LR is needed for their exhaustive thionation. It was shown, that thionation of 'cytisine substituted' urea and thiourea, as well as Diels-Alder adducts of methylcitisine with phenylmaleimide on basis of this approach was not quite successful: only thionation of the 2-pyridone core has occurred. It should be noted that transformation of urea and thiourea is complicated by side reactions leading to low yields of thio products, and the result of LR interaction with mentioned above diastereomeric Diels-Alder adducts depends on their stereochemistry and thermodynamic stability under reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena V Koval'skaya
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry of the Ufa Federal Research Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Polina R Petrova
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry of the Ufa Federal Research Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry O Tsypyshev
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry of the Ufa Federal Research Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russian Federation.,Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander N Lobov
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry of the Ufa Federal Research Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Inna P Tsypysheva
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry of the Ufa Federal Research Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russian Federation
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5
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Smol’yakov AF, Shapovalov AV, Lashakov AA, Petrova PR, Koval’skaya AV, Tsypysheva IP. Molecular and Crystal Structure of N-Allylamide-9-Nitrocytisine. Pharm Chem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-020-02253-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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6
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Huang X, Xu H. Advances on the Bioactivities, Total Synthesis, Structural Modification, and Structure-Activity Relationships of Cytisine Derivatives. Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:369-395. [DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666191104121821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cytisine is a quinolizidine alkaloid isolated from various Leguminosae plants. Cytisine and
its derivatives exhibit a broad range of biological properties, such as smoking cessation aid, antidepressant,
neuroprotective, nootropic, anticancer, antiviral, antiparasitic, antidiabetic, insecticidal, and nematicidal
activities. In this review, the progress of cytisine and its derivatives in regard to bioactivities,
total synthesis, structural modifications focusing on their N-12 position and lactam ring is reported.
Additionally, the structure-activity relationships of cytisine and its derivatives are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Huang
- Research Institute of Pesticidal Design & Synthesis, College of Plant Protection/College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Research Institute of Pesticidal Design & Synthesis, College of Plant Protection/College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
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7
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Petrova PR, Koval’skaya AV, Lobov AN, Tsypysheva IP. Conjugates of 9- and 11-Halo-Substituted Cytisines with 1′-N-Methylurocanic Acid. Chem Nat Compd 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-019-02905-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Koval’skaya AV, Petrova PR, Lobov AN, Tsypysheva IP. Iodination of Cytisine and Methylcytisine Alkaloids. Chem Nat Compd 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-019-02904-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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Blom AE, Campello HR, Lester HA, Gallagher T, Dougherty DA. Probing Binding Interactions of Cytisine Derivatives to the α4β2 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:15840-15849. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hugo Rego Campello
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | | | - Timothy Gallagher
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
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10
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Tsypysheva I, Petrova P, Koval'skaya A, Lobov A, Sapozhnikova T, Makara N, Gabdrakhmanova S, Zarudii F. Variation of spacer type and topology of phenyl moiety in 2-pyridone core of 4-oxo-3- N-methylcytisine; effect of synthesized compounds on rat's behavior in conditioned passive avoidance reflex (CPAR) test. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:207-215. [PMID: 31140310 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1622106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Novel derivatives of 4-oxo-3-methylcytisine with phenyl moiety bonded to starting molecule through various spacers were obtained from the 9-amino, -halo, -formyl and 11-halo precursors by reductive alkylation of amines, generation of amide, as well as thio- and carboxamide functions, cross-coupling reactions, aldehyde condensation and reduction of unsaturated 'C-C' bonds. Ability of synthesized compounds to influence the learning and memory was preliminary assessed in conditioned passive avoidance reflex (CPAR) test in rats. It was shown, that derivatives with phenyl group at 11 carbon atom influence the learning and memory in CPAR test more effectively than other compounds. The hit-compound (3-methyl-11-(2-phenylvinyl)-3,5,6-trihydro-2H-1,5-methanopyrido[1,2-a][1,5]diazocine-4,8(1H)-dione) with the best values of 'latency' and 'time spent in the dark compartment' has been identified as a perspective scaffold for synthesis of novel derivatives of (-)-cytisine with potential neuropharmacological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Tsypysheva
- Laboratory of bioorganic chemistry and catalysis, Ufa Institute of Chemistry UFRC RAS, Ufa, Russian Federation.,Laboratory of physicochemical methods of analysis, Ufa Institute of Chemistry UFRC RAS, Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Polina Petrova
- Laboratory of bioorganic chemistry and catalysis, Ufa Institute of Chemistry UFRC RAS, Ufa, Russian Federation.,Laboratory of physicochemical methods of analysis, Ufa Institute of Chemistry UFRC RAS, Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Alena Koval'skaya
- Laboratory of bioorganic chemistry and catalysis, Ufa Institute of Chemistry UFRC RAS, Ufa, Russian Federation.,Laboratory of physicochemical methods of analysis, Ufa Institute of Chemistry UFRC RAS, Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Lobov
- Laboratory of bioorganic chemistry and catalysis, Ufa Institute of Chemistry UFRC RAS, Ufa, Russian Federation.,Laboratory of physicochemical methods of analysis, Ufa Institute of Chemistry UFRC RAS, Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Tatyana Sapozhnikova
- Laboratory of bioorganic chemistry and catalysis, Ufa Institute of Chemistry UFRC RAS, Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Nina Makara
- Laboratory of bioorganic chemistry and catalysis, Ufa Institute of Chemistry UFRC RAS, Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana Gabdrakhmanova
- Laboratory of bioorganic chemistry and catalysis, Ufa Institute of Chemistry UFRC RAS, Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Felix Zarudii
- Laboratory of bioorganic chemistry and catalysis, Ufa Institute of Chemistry UFRC RAS, Ufa, Russian Federation
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11
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Przybył AK, Maj E, Wietrzyk J, Kubicki M. Spectroscopic, structural and anticancer activity studies of (−)-cytisine halogenated N-benzyl derivatives. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Zarezin DP, Kabylda AM, Vinogradova VI, Dorovatovskii PV, Khrustalev VN, Nenajdenko VG. Efficient synthesis of tetrazole derivatives of cytisine using the azido-Ugi reaction. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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13
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Sahoo AK, Dandapat J, Dash UC, Kanhar S. Features and outcomes of drugs for combination therapy as multi-targets strategy to combat Alzheimer's disease. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 215:42-73. [PMID: 29248451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Alzheimer's disease (AD), a deleterious neurodegenerative disorder that impairs memory, cognitive functions and may lead to dementia in late stage of life. The pathogenic cause of AD remains incompletely understood and FDA approved drugs are partial inhibitors rather than curative. Most of drugs are synthetic or natural products as galanthamine is an alkaloid obtained from Galanthus spp. Huperzine A, an alkaloid found in Huperzia spp., gingkolides a diterpenoids from Gingko biloba and many ethnobotanicals like Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal., Physostigma venenosum Balf., Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst., Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. have been used by traditional Indian, Chinese, and European system of medicines in AD. Clinical significance opioid alkaloid in Papaver somniferum has shown another dimension to this study. Over exploitation of medicinal plants with limited bioactive principles has provided templates to design synthetic drugs in AD e.g. rivastigmine, phenserine, eptastigmine based on chemical structure of physostigmine of Physostigma venenosum Balf. Even ZT-1 a prodrug of Hup A and memogain a prodrug of galantamine has achieved new direction in drug development in AD. All these first-line cholinesterase-inhibitors are used as symptomatic treatments in AD. Single modality of "One-molecule-one-target" strategy for treating AD has failed and so future therapies on "Combination-drugs-multi-targets" strategy (CDMT) will need to address multiple aspects to block the progression of pathogenesis of AD. Besides, cholinergic and amyloid drugs, in this article we summarize proteinopathy-based drugs as AD therapeutics from a variety of biological sources. In this review, an attempt has been made to elucidate the molecular mode of action of various plant products, and synthetic drugs investigated in various preclinical and clinical tests in AD. It also discusses current attempts to formulate a comprehensive CDMT strategy to counter complex pathogenesis in AD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information were collected from classical books on medicinal plants, pharmacopoeias and scientific databases like PubMed, Scopus, GoogleScholar, Web of Science and electronic searches were performed using Cochrane Library, Medline and EMBASE. Also published scientific literatures from Elsevier, Taylor and Francis, Springer, ACS, Wiley publishers and reports by government bodies and documentations were assessed. RESULTS 60 no. of natural and synthetic drugs have been studied with their significant bioactivities. A decision matrix designed for evaluation of drugs for considering to the hypothetic "CDMT" strategy in AD. We have introduced the scoring pattern of individual drugs and based on scoring pattern, drugs that fall within the scoring range of 18-25 are considered in the proposed CDMT. It also highlights the importance of available natural products and in future those drugs may be considered in CDMT along with the qualified synthetic drugs. CONCLUSION A successful validation of the CDMT strategy may open up a debate on health care reform to explore other possibilities of combination therapy. In doing so, it should focus on clinical and molecular relationships between AD and CDMT. A better understanding of these relationships could inform and impact future development of AD-directed treatment strategies. This strategy also involves in reducing costs in treatment phases which will be affordable to a common man suffering from AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atish Kumar Sahoo
- Phytotherapy Research Lab., Medicinal & Aromatic Plant Division, Regional Plant Resource Centre, Forest & Environment Department, Govt. of Odisha, Nayapalli, Bhubaneswar 751015, India.
| | - Jagnehswar Dandapat
- Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar 751004, India
| | - Umesh Chandra Dash
- Phytotherapy Research Lab., Medicinal & Aromatic Plant Division, Regional Plant Resource Centre, Forest & Environment Department, Govt. of Odisha, Nayapalli, Bhubaneswar 751015, India
| | - Satish Kanhar
- Phytotherapy Research Lab., Medicinal & Aromatic Plant Division, Regional Plant Resource Centre, Forest & Environment Department, Govt. of Odisha, Nayapalli, Bhubaneswar 751015, India
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Crestey F, Jensen AA, Soerensen C, Magnus CB, Andreasen JT, Peters GHJ, Kristensen JL. Dual Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor α4β2 Antagonists/α7 Agonists: Synthesis, Docking Studies, and Pharmacological Evaluation of Tetrahydroisoquinolines and Tetrahydroisoquinolinium Salts. J Med Chem 2018; 61:1719-1729. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- François Crestey
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders A. Jensen
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Soerensen
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Busk Magnus
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jesper T. Andreasen
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Günther H. J. Peters
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jesper L. Kristensen
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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15
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Struth FR, Hirschhäuser C. A Modular Approach to the Asymmetric Synthesis of Cytisine. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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17
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Tomassoli I, Gündisch D. The twin drug approach for novel nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ligands. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:4375-4389. [PMID: 26142318 PMCID: PMC4527756 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The association of two pharmacophoric entities generates so-called 'twin drugs' or dimer derivatives. We applied this approach for the design of a small compound library for the interaction with α4β2(∗) nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). In this compound series, the nAChR ligand N,N-dimethyl-2-(pyridin-3-yloxy)ethan-1-amine 9 served as one pharmacological entity and it was initially kept constant as one part of the 'twin' compound. 'Twin' compounds with identical or non-identical entities using the 'no linker mode' or 'overlap' mode were synthesized and evaluated for their nAChR affinities. Compound 17a showed the highest affinity for the α4β2(∗) nAChR subtype (Ki=0.188 nM) and its (di)fluoro analogs could retain nanomolar affinities, when replacing pyridine as the hydrogen bond acceptor system by mono- or difluoro-phenyls. The 'twin drug' approach proved to provide compounds with high affinity and subtype selectivity for α4β2(∗) nAChRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Tomassoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, Hilo, HI, USA
| | - Daniela Gündisch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, Hilo, HI, USA.
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18
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Tasso B, Novelli F, Tonelli M, Barteselli A, Basilico N, Parapini S, Taramelli D, Sparatore A, Sparatore F. Synthesis and Antiplasmodial Activity of Novel Chloroquine Analogues with Bulky Basic Side Chains. ChemMedChem 2015. [PMID: 26213237 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chloroquine is commonly used in the treatment and prevention of malaria, but Plasmodium falciparum, the main species responsible for malaria-related deaths, has developed resistance against this drug. Twenty-seven novel chloroquine (CQ) analogues characterized by a side chain terminated with a bulky basic head group, i.e., octahydro-2H-quinolizine and 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-1,5-methano-8H-pyrido[1,2-a][1,5]diazocin-8-one, were synthesized and tested for activity against D-10 (CQ-susceptible) and W-2 (CQ-resistant) strains of P. falciparum. Most compounds were found to be active against both strains with nanomolar or sub-micromolar IC50 values. Eleven compounds were found to be 2.7- to 13.4-fold more potent than CQ against the W-2 strain; among them, four cytisine derivatives appear to be of particular interest, as they combine high potency with low cytotoxicity against two human cell lines (HMEC-1 and HepG2) along with easier synthetic accessibility. Replacement of the 4-NH group with a sulfur bridge maintained antiplasmodial activity at a lower level, but produced an improvement in the resistance factor. These compounds warrant further investigation as potential drugs for use in the fight against malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Tasso
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16131 Genova (Italy).
| | - Federica Novelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16131 Genova (Italy)
| | - Michele Tonelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16131 Genova (Italy)
| | - Anna Barteselli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano (Italy)
| | - Nicoletta Basilico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano via C. Pascal 36, 20133 Milano (Italy)
| | - Silvia Parapini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano via C. Pascal, 36, 20133 Milano (Italy)
| | - Donatella Taramelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano via C. Pascal, 36, 20133 Milano (Italy)
| | - Anna Sparatore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano (Italy)
| | - Fabio Sparatore
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16131 Genova (Italy)
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19
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Philipova I, Stavrakov G, Vassilev N, Nikolova R, Shivachev B, Dimitrov V. Cytisine as a scaffold for ortho-diphenylphosphinobenzenecarboxamide ligands for Pd-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation. J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Synthesis and Molecular Structure of N-{(1R,5S)-3-Methyl-8-Oxo-1,3,4,5,6,8-Hexahydro-2H-1,5-Methanopyrido[1,2-α] [1,5]Diazocin-9-yl}Acetamide. Chem Nat Compd 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-014-1025-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Tzankova V, Danchev N. Cytisine—from Ethomedical use to the Development as a Natural Alternative for Smoking Cessation. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2007.10817436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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22
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Eibl C, Tomassoli I, Munoz L, Stokes C, Papke RL, Gündisch D. The 3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane scaffold for subtype selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligands. Part 1: the influence of different hydrogen bond acceptor systems on alkyl and (hetero)aryl substituents. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:7283-308. [PMID: 24156938 PMCID: PMC4519239 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Revised: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
3,7-Diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane is a naturally occurring scaffold interacting with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). When one nitrogen of the 3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane scaffold was implemented in a carboxamide motif displaying a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) functionality, compounds with higher affinities and subtype selectivity for α4β2(∗) were obtained. The nature of the HBA system (carboxamide, sulfonamide, urea) had a strong impact on nAChR interaction. High affinity ligands for α4β2(∗) possessed small alkyl chains, small un-substituted hetero-aryl groups or para-substituted phenyl ring systems along with a carboxamide group. Electrophysiological responses of selected 3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane derivatives to Xenopus oocytes expressing various nAChR subtypes showed diverse activation profiles. Compounds with strongest agonistic profiles were obtained with small alkyl groups whereas a shift to partial agonism/antagonism was observed for aryl substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Eibl
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-533121 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai’i at Hilo, 34 Rainbow Drive, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
| | - Isabelle Tomassoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai’i at Hilo, 34 Rainbow Drive, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
| | - Lenka Munoz
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Clare Stokes
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32610, USA
| | - Roger L. Papke
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32610, USA
| | - Daniela Gündisch
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-533121 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai’i at Hilo, 34 Rainbow Drive, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
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23
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Eibl C, Munoz L, Tomassoli I, Stokes C, Papke RL, Gündisch D. The 3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane scaffold for subtype selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ligands. Part 2: carboxamide derivatives with different spacer motifs. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:7309-29. [PMID: 24145137 PMCID: PMC4519236 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Revised: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
3,7-Diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (bispidine) based nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligands have been synthesized and evaluated for nAChRs interaction. Diverse spacer motifs were incorporated between the hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) part and a variety of substituted (hetero)aryl moieties. Bispidine carboxamides bearing spacer motifs often showed high affinity in the low nanomolar range and selectivity for the α4β2(∗) nAChR. Compounds 15, 25, and 47 with Ki values of about 1 nM displayed the highest affinities for α4β2(∗) nAChR. All evaluated compounds are partial agonists or antagonists at α4β2(∗), with reduced or no effects on α3β4(∗) with the exception of compound 15 (agonist), and reduced or no effect at α7 and muscle subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Eibl
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai’i at Hilo, 34 Rainbow Drive, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
| | - Lenka Munoz
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Isabelle Tomassoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai’i at Hilo, 34 Rainbow Drive, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
| | - Clare Stokes
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Roger L. Papke
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Daniela Gündisch
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai’i at Hilo, 34 Rainbow Drive, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
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24
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Tsypysheva IP, Koval′skaya AV, Lobov AN, Nikolaeva EA, Yunusov MS. Synthesis of 3- and 5-Amino Derivatives of Methylcytisine. Chem Nat Compd 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-013-0773-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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25
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Rouden J, Lasne MC, Blanchet J, Baudoux J. (−)-Cytisine and Derivatives: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Applications. Chem Rev 2013; 114:712-78. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400307e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Rouden
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire
et Thioorganique, ENSICAEN-Université de Caen, CNRS, Institut Normand de Chimie Moléculaire, Médicinale et Macromoléculaire (INC3M), 6 Boulevard du Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen, France
| | - Marie-Claire Lasne
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire
et Thioorganique, ENSICAEN-Université de Caen, CNRS, Institut Normand de Chimie Moléculaire, Médicinale et Macromoléculaire (INC3M), 6 Boulevard du Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen, France
| | - Jérôme Blanchet
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire
et Thioorganique, ENSICAEN-Université de Caen, CNRS, Institut Normand de Chimie Moléculaire, Médicinale et Macromoléculaire (INC3M), 6 Boulevard du Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen, France
| | - Jérôme Baudoux
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire
et Thioorganique, ENSICAEN-Université de Caen, CNRS, Institut Normand de Chimie Moléculaire, Médicinale et Macromoléculaire (INC3M), 6 Boulevard du Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen, France
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26
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Synthesis of Diels–Alder adducts of the quinolizidine alkaloids N-methylcytisine, (−)-leontidine, and (−)-thermopsine with N-phenylmaleimide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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27
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Synthesis and specific nootropic activity of (–)-cytisine derivatives with carbamide and thiocarbamide moieties in their structure. Chem Nat Compd 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-012-0329-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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28
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Pérez EG, Cassels BK, Eibl C, Gündisch D. Synthesis and evaluation of N1-alkylindole-3-ylalkylammonium compounds as nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ligands. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:3719-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Revised: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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29
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Rucktooa P, Haseler CA, van Elk R, Smit AB, Gallagher T, Sixma TK. Structural characterization of binding mode of smoking cessation drugs to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors through study of ligand complexes with acetylcholine-binding protein. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:23283-93. [PMID: 22553201 PMCID: PMC3390607 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.360347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking cessation is an important aim in public health worldwide as tobacco smoking causes many preventable deaths. Addiction to tobacco smoking results from the binding of nicotine to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the brain, in particular the α4β2 receptor. One way to aid smoking cessation is by the use of nicotine replacement therapies or partial nAChR agonists like cytisine or varenicline. Here we present the co-crystal structures of cytisine and varenicline in complex with Aplysia californica acetylcholine-binding protein and use these as models to investigate binding of these ligands binding to nAChRs. This analysis of the binding properties of these two partial agonists provides insight into differences with nicotine binding to nAChRs. A mutational analysis reveals that the residues conveying subtype selectivity in nAChRs reside on the binding site complementary face and include features extending beyond the first shell of contacting residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Rucktooa
- Division of Biochemistry and Center for Biomedical Genetics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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30
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Pérez EG, Méndez-Gálvez C, Cassels BK. Cytisine: a natural product lead for the development of drugs acting at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Nat Prod Rep 2012; 29:555-67. [DOI: 10.1039/c2np00100d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Przybył AK, Nowakowska Z. Electron impact mass spectral study of halogenated N-acetyl- and N-propionylcytisines. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2011; 25:1193-1197. [PMID: 21488117 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
(-)-Cytisine and its derivatives, characterised by high affinity to neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors with specificity for the α4β2 subtype, have been shown to be important probes in central nervous system (CNS) research. Electron impact mass spectral (EI-MS) fragmentations of halogenated derivatives of N-acetylcytisine and N-propionylcytisine have been investigated. Detailed fragmentation pathways have been identified for all significant ions including a few characteristic fragment ions. The principal mass spectral fragmentation routes of iodine and bromine compounds have been determined on the basis of low (EI), high resolution (HRD) and B(2)/E linked scan mass spectra as well as linked scans at constant B/E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Przybył
- Faculty of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland.
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32
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Hirschhäuser C, Haseler CA, Gallagher T. Core Modification of Cytisine: A Modular Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201100441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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33
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Hirschhäuser C, Haseler CA, Gallagher T. Core Modification of Cytisine: A Modular Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:5162-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201100441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Wojciechowska-Nowak M, Boczoń W, Warżajtis B, Rychlewska U, Jasiewicz B. Thioanalogues of N-1-methylanabasine and nicotine – Synthesis and structure. J Mol Struct 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2011.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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35
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A comparative study of dynamic NMR spectroscopy in analysis of selected N-alkyl-, N-acyl-, and halogenated cytisine derivatives. J Mol Struct 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2010.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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36
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Identification of 9-fluoro substituted (−)-cytisine derivatives as ligands with high affinity for nicotinic receptors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:6667-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Revised: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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37
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Yohannes D, Hansen CP, Akireddy SR, Hauser TA, Kiser MN, Gurnon NJ, Day CS, Bhatti B, Caldwell WS. First total synthesis of (+/-)-3-hydroxy-11-norcytisine: structure confirmation and biological characterization. Org Lett 2010; 10:5353-6. [PMID: 19007172 DOI: 10.1021/ol802145b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of the natural product 3-hydroxy-11-norcytisine (1), structurally related to cytisine (2), a benchmark ligand at neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (NNRs), has been achieved. The synthesis permits the unambiguous confirmation of the structure originally proposed for 1 and has enabled initial biological characterization of 1 and its related compounds against NNRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Yohannes
- Targacept, Inc., 200 East First Street, Suite 300, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27101, USA.
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38
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Owczarzak AM, Przybył AK, Kubicki M. N-Methyl-2-thio-cytisine. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2010; 66:o1942. [PMID: 21588268 PMCID: PMC3007573 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536810025870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The rings of the three-ring cytisine system in the title compound [systematic name: (1R,5S)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexa-hydro-1,5-methano-8H-pyrido[1,2-a][1,5]diazo-cine-8-thione], C(12)H(16)N(2)S, have planar [maximum deviation 0.0170 (7) Å], half-chair and chair conformations. In the crystal structure, relatively short and directional C-H⋯π inter-actions and weaker secondary C-H⋯S contacts join the mol-ecules into helical chains along the [001] direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita M Owczarzak
- Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland
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39
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Pharmacokinetics of cytisine after single intravenous and oral administration in rabbits. Interdiscip Toxicol 2010; 3:15-20. [PMID: 21217866 PMCID: PMC2984118 DOI: 10.2478/v10102-010-0003-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2009] [Revised: 02/10/2010] [Accepted: 02/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to develop a sensitive HPLC method for the quantitative determination of cytisine in serum and to characterize the pharmacokinetic behaviour of cytisine after oral and intravenous administration in rabbits. The pharmacokinetic behaviour of cytisine is studied in male and female New Zealand rabbits after oral and intravenous administration. Cytisine is administered orally (dose of 5 mg/kg b.w.) under fasting condition (12 hours) and intravenously (dose 1 mg/kg b.w.) in the marginal ear vein. Cytisine serum concentrations are measured using a highly selective and sensitive validated HPLC method with UV detection. Linearity of the method is in the range 12–2 400 µg/L; accuracy and precision are both within ± 10%, and the limit of detection is 4 µg/L. Selectivity and stability are also validated. Basic pharmacokinetic parameters of cytisine after single oral and intravenous administration are calculated using TOPFIT software. Pharmacokinetic analysis suggests a rapid but incomplete absorption of cytisine after oral administration.
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40
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Sandulenko YB, Ivashchenko AV, Kravchenko DV, Tkachenko SE, Vvedensky VY. Parallel solid-phase synthesis of novel 3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane derivatives starting from natural alkaloid cytisine. Russ Chem Bull 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-008-0269-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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41
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Tasso B, Canu Boido C, Terranova E, Gotti C, Riganti L, Clementi F, Artali R, Bombieri G, Meneghetti F, Sparatore F. Synthesis, Binding, and Modeling Studies of New Cytisine Derivatives, as Ligands for Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subtypes. J Med Chem 2009; 52:4345-57. [DOI: 10.1021/jm900225j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Tasso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16139 Genova, Italy
| | - Caterina Canu Boido
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16139 Genova, Italy
| | - Emanuela Terranova
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16139 Genova, Italy
| | - Cecilia Gotti
- Dipartimento di Farmacologia “E. Trabucchi”, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy, Istituto di Neuroscienze del CNR, via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy
| | - Loredana Riganti
- Dipartimento di Farmacologia “E. Trabucchi”, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy, Istituto di Neuroscienze del CNR, via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Clementi
- Dipartimento di Farmacologia “E. Trabucchi”, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy, Istituto di Neuroscienze del CNR, via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Artali
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche “P. Pratesi”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Gabriella Bombieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche “P. Pratesi”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Fiorella Meneghetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche “P. Pratesi”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio Sparatore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16139 Genova, Italy
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42
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In vivo effects of 3-iodocytisine: pharmacological and genetic analysis of hypothermia and evaluation of chronic treatment on nicotinic binding sites. Neuropharmacology 2009; 57:332-42. [PMID: 19481555 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2009.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2008] [Revised: 05/14/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Several cytisine derivatives have been developed in the search for more selective drugs at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR). Binding experiments in transfected cell lines showed that the iodination of cytisine in the position 3 of the pyridone ring increased potency at alpha7-nAChR and to a lesser extent at the alpha4beta2 subtypes, both of which are widely expressed in the brain. However, no in vivo studies have been published on this compound. Inhibition curves presented here using wild type, beta2, and beta4-null mutant mice confirm that 3-IC binds to alpha4beta2 *, alpha7 * and alpha3beta4 * receptors with higher affinity than cytisine (asterisk indicates the receptor may contain additional subunits, Lukas et al., 1999). Intraperitoneal injection of 3-iodocytisine (3-IC) induced considerable dose-dependent hypothermia in DBA/2J and C57BL/6J mice. This response was blocked by mecamylamine and partially inhibited by hexamethonium. beta4-null mice displayed significantly less 3-IC-induced hypothermia than wild-type mice, beta2-null mice were somewhat less affected than wild types, while responses of alpha7 *-null mice were similar to wild types. Mice treated chronically with 3-IC display a marked increase in alpha7 * and alpha4beta2 * binding sites determined by radioligand binding in membrane preparations from cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Quantitative autoradiographic analysis of 28 brain regions of mice treated with 3-IC was consistent with the membrane binding, detecting an increase of cytisine-sensitive [(125)I]epibatidine binding sites, while cytisine-resistant [(125)I]epibatidine sites were unchanged. [(125)I]alpha-Bungarotoxin binding sites also exhibited up-regulation. These results give a first evaluation of in vivo consequences of 3-IC as a potent agonist with marked effects on mice.
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Musshoff F, Madea B. Fatal cytisine intoxication and analysis of biological samples with LC–MS/MS. Forensic Sci Int 2009; 186:e1-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2008] [Revised: 12/23/2008] [Accepted: 01/14/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Mineur YS, Eibl C, Young G, Kochevar C, Papke RL, Gündisch D, Picciotto MR. Cytisine-based nicotinic partial agonists as novel antidepressant compounds. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2009; 329:377-86. [PMID: 19164465 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.108.149609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine and other nicotinic agents are thought to regulate mood in human subjects and have antidepressant-like properties in animal models. Recent studies have demonstrated that blockade of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) including those containing the beta2 subunit (beta2(*)), results in antidepressant-like effects. Previous studies have shown that cytisine, a partial agonist at alpha4/beta2(*) nAChRs, and a full agonist at alpha3/beta4(*) and alpha7 nAChRs, has antidepressant-like properties in several rodent models of antidepressant efficacy; however, it is not clear whether more selective partial agonists will also be effective in these models. We tested cytisine and two derivatives, 5-bromo-cytisine (5-Br-Cyt) and 3-(pyridin-3'-yl)-cytisine (3-pyr-Cyt) for their ability to act as a partial agonist of different nAChR subtypes and to show antidepressant-like activity in C57/BL6 mice in the tail suspension, the forced-swim, and the novelty-suppressed feeding tests. 3-pyr-Cyt was a partial agonist with very low efficacy at alpha4/beta2(*) nAChRS but had no agonist effects at other nAChRs normally targeted by cytisine, and it was effective in mouse models of antidepressant efficacy. Animals showed dose-dependent antidepressant-like effects in all three behavioral paradigms. 5-Br-Cyt was not effective in behavioral tests when administered peripherally, probably because of its inability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, because it efficiently reduced immobility in the tail suspension test when administered intraventricularly. These results suggest that novel nicotinic partial agonists may provide new possibilities for development of drugs to treat mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann S Mineur
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06508, USA
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Hansen CP, Jensen AA, Balle T, Bitsch-Jensen K, Hassan MM, Liljefors T, Frølund B. Carbamoylcholine analogs as nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists—Structural modifications of 3-(dimethylamino)butyl dimethylcarbamate (DMABC). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:87-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2008] [Revised: 11/01/2008] [Accepted: 11/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bombieri G, Meneghetti F, Artali R, Tasso B, Canu Boido C, Sparatore F. The Influence of the Nitrogen Substitution in Three Cytisine Derivatives as Ligands for the Neuronal nAChRs: A Structural and Theoretical Study. Chem Biodivers 2008; 5:1867-78. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200890174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tutka P. Nicotinic receptor partial agonists as novel compounds for the treatment of smoking cessation. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2008; 17:1473-85. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.17.10.1473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Yohannes D, Procko K, Lebel LA, Fox CB, O’Neill BT. Deconstructing cytisine: The syntheses of (±)-cyfusine and (±)-cyclopropylcyfusine, fused ring analogs of cytisine. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:2316-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.02.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2008] [Revised: 02/27/2008] [Accepted: 02/29/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Przybył AK, Prukała W, Kikut-Liga D. Electron ionization mass spectral study of selected N-amide and N-alkyl derivatives of cytisine. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2007; 21:1409-13. [PMID: 17370243 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
(-)-Cytisine and its derivatives are promising alkaloids in the development of new drugs for the treatment of disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). Electron ionization (EI) mass spectral fragmentations of cytisine (1), N-methylcytisine (2), N-ethylcytisine (3), N-acetylcytisine (4), N-propionylcytisine (5) and N-benzoylcytisine (6) have been investigated. Detailed fragmentation pathways have been identified for all significant ions, including a few characteristic fragment ions. The principal fragmentation routes of compounds 1-6 have been determined on the basis of EI low-resolution, high-resolution and B2/E linked scans as well as linked scans at constant B/E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Przybył
- Faculty of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland.
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Houllier N, Gouault S, Lasne MC, Rouden J. Regio- and diastereoselective functionalization of (−)-cytisine. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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