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Zahr NM. Race explains substantial variance in whole blood thiamine diphosphate concentrations. Nutr Res 2024; 126:138-150. [PMID: 38696890 PMCID: PMC11179978 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Deficiency for thiamine (vitamin B1), traditionally assessed via the activity of the thiamine-dependent enzyme erythrocyte transketolase, has been reported in individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and in people with HIV; concentrations of the metabolically active diphosphate form, however, have yet to be reported in HIV cohorts and results in AUD are equivocal. In this cross-sectional study, samples from 170 AUD, 130 HIV, and 100 healthy control individuals were analyzed to test the hypothesis that AUD and HIV groups relative to healthy controls would show low whole blood thiamine diphosphate (TDP) concentrations related to peripheral neuropathy. TDP concentrations were not different in the 3 study groups (P = .6141) but were lower in Black (n = 172) relative to White (n = 155) individuals (P < .0001) regardless of group. In a multiple regression, race relative to diagnoses explained more than 10 times the variance in whole blood TDP concentrations (F4,395 = 3.5, P = .0086; r2 = 15.1]. Performance on a measure of peripheral neuropathy (2-point discrimination) was worse in the HIV and AUD cohorts relative to the healthy control group (P < .0001) but was not associated with TDP concentrations. These findings suggest that Black individuals carry a heightened vulnerability for low whole blood TDP concentrations, but the clinical significance and mechanisms underlying these results remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Zahr
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Neuroscience Program, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
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Thirion A, Loots DT, Williams ME, Solomons R, Mason S. An exploratory investigation of the CSF metabolic profile of HIV in a South African paediatric cohort using GCxGC-TOF/MS. Metabolomics 2024; 20:33. [PMID: 38427142 PMCID: PMC10907482 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-024-02098-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Because cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples are difficult to obtain for paediatric HIV, few studies have attempted to profile neurometabolic dysregulation. AIM AND OBJECTIVE The aim of this exploratory study was to profile the neurometabolic state of CSF from a South African paediatric cohort using GCxGC-TOF/MS. The study included 54 paediatric cases (< 12 years), 42 HIV-negative controls and 12 HIV-positive individuals. RESULTS The results revealed distinct metabolic alterations in the HIV-infected cohort. In the PLS-DA model, 18 metabolites significantly discriminated between HIV-infected and control groups. In addition, fold-change analysis, Mann-Whitney U tests, and effect size measurements verified these findings. Notably, lactose, myo-inositol, and glycerol, although not significant by p-value alone, demonstrated practical significance based on the effect size. CONCLUSIONS This study provided valuable insights on the impact of HIV on metabolic pathways, including damage to the gut and blood-brain barrier, disruption of bioenergetics processes, gliosis, and a potential marker for antiretroviral therapy. Nevertheless, the study recognized certain constraints, notably a limited sample size and the absence of a validation cohort. Despite these limitations, the rarity of the study's focus on paediatric HIV research underscores the significance and unique contributions of its findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anicia Thirion
- Department of Biochemistry, Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, North West, South Africa
| | - Du Toit Loots
- Department of Biochemistry, Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, North West, South Africa
| | - Monray E Williams
- Department of Biochemistry, Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, North West, South Africa
| | - Regan Solomons
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
| | - Shayne Mason
- Department of Biochemistry, Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, North West, South Africa.
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Bozic I, Lavrnja I. Thiamine and benfotiamine: Focus on their therapeutic potential. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21839. [PMID: 38034619 PMCID: PMC10682628 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiamine, also known as vitamin B1, is an essential nutrient that plays a crucial role in energy metabolism and overall health. It is a water-soluble vitamin that plays an important role in the conversion of carbohydrates into energy in the body. Thiamine is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system, heart and muscles. Thiamine deficiency is a life-threatening disease that leads to various disorders and lesions in the nerves and brain, at least in vertebrates. Several thiamine precursors with higher bioavailability have been developed to compensate for thiamine deficiency, including benfotiamine. Benfotiamine is more bioavailable and has higher tissue penetration than thiamine. Studies have shown its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential in activated immune and glial cells. It also improves complications observed in type 2 diabetes and has beneficial effects in mouse models of neurodegenerative disease. Benfotiamine represents an off-the-shelf agent used to support nerve health, promote healthy aging and support glucose metabolism. Accordingly, the present review aimed to provide an overview of the neuroprotective effects of thiamine/benfotiamine in the context of inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Bozic
- Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Irena Lavrnja
- Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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The epidemiology, impact, and diagnosis of micronutrient nutritional dermatoses. Part 2: B-complex vitamins. J Am Acad Dermatol 2022; 86:281-292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.06.900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Park SY, Faraci G, Nanda S, Ter-Saakyan S, Love TMT, Mack WJ, Dubé MP, Lee HY. Gut microbiome in people living with HIV is associated with impaired thiamine and folate syntheses. Microb Pathog 2021; 160:105209. [PMID: 34563611 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
People living with HIV have a high incidence of cardiovascular and neurological diseases as comorbid disorders that are commonly linked to inflammation. While microbial translocation can augment inflammation during HIV infection, functional microbiome shifts that may increase pro-inflammatory responses have not been fully characterized. In addition, defining HIV-induced microbiome changes has been complicated by high variability among individuals. Here we conducted functional annotation of previously-published 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences of 305 HIV positive and 249 negative individuals, with adjustment for geographic region, sex, sexual behavior, and age. Metagenome profiles were inferred from these individuals' 16S data. HIV infection was associated with impaired microbial vitamin B synthesis; around half of the gene families in thiamine and folate biosynthesis pathways were significantly less abundant in the HIV positive group than the negative control. These results are consistent with the high prevalence of thiamine and folate deficiencies in HIV infections. These HIV-induced microbiota shifts have the potential to influence cardiovascular and neurocognitive diseases, given the documented associations between B-vitamin deficiencies, inflammation, and these diseases. We also observed that most essential amino acid biosynthesis pathways were downregulated in the microbiome of HIV-infected individuals. Microbial vitamin B and amino acid synthesis pathways were not significantly recovered by antiretroviral treatment when we compared 262 ART positive and 184 ART negative individuals. Our meta-analysis provides a new outlook for understanding vitamin B and amino acid deficiencies in HIV patients, suggesting that interventions for reversing HIV-induced microbiome shifts may aid in lessening the burdens of HIV comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Yong Park
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gina Faraci
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sayan Nanda
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sonia Ter-Saakyan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tanzy M T Love
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Wendy J Mack
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael P Dubé
- Department of Medicine and Division of Infectious Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ha Youn Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Caffaratti C, Plazy C, Mery G, Tidjani AR, Fiorini F, Thiroux S, Toussaint B, Hannani D, Le Gouellec A. What We Know So Far about the Metabolite-Mediated Microbiota-Intestinal Immunity Dialogue and How to Hear the Sound of This Crosstalk. Metabolites 2021; 11:406. [PMID: 34205653 PMCID: PMC8234899 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11060406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Trillions of microorganisms, termed the "microbiota", reside in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract, and collectively participate in regulating the host phenotype. It is now clear that the gut microbiota, metabolites, and intestinal immune function are correlated, and that alterations of the complex and dynamic host-microbiota interactions can have deep consequences for host health. However, the mechanisms by which the immune system regulates the microbiota and by which the microbiota shapes host immunity are still not fully understood. This article discusses the contribution of metabolites in the crosstalk between gut microbiota and immune cells. The identification of key metabolites having a causal effect on immune responses and of the mechanisms involved can contribute to a deeper insight into host-microorganism relationships. This will allow a better understanding of the correlation between dysbiosis, microbial-based dysmetabolism, and pathogenesis, thus creating opportunities to develop microbiota-based therapeutics to improve human health. In particular, we systematically review the role of soluble and membrane-bound microbial metabolites in modulating host immunity in the gut, and of immune cells-derived metabolites affecting the microbiota, while discussing evidence of the bidirectional impact of this crosstalk. Furthermore, we discuss the potential strategies to hear the sound of such metabolite-mediated crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Caffaratti
- Faculty of Medicine, CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, University Grenoble Alpes, TIMC (UMR5525), 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.C.); (C.P.); (G.M.); (A.-R.T.); (S.T.); (B.T.)
| | - Caroline Plazy
- Faculty of Medicine, CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, University Grenoble Alpes, TIMC (UMR5525), 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.C.); (C.P.); (G.M.); (A.-R.T.); (S.T.); (B.T.)
- Service de Biochimie Biologie Moléculaire Toxicologie Environnementale, UM Biochimie des Enzymes et des Protéines, Institut de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Plateforme de Métabolomique GEMELI-GExiM, Institut de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Geoffroy Mery
- Faculty of Medicine, CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, University Grenoble Alpes, TIMC (UMR5525), 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.C.); (C.P.); (G.M.); (A.-R.T.); (S.T.); (B.T.)
- Department of Infectiology-Pneumology, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Abdoul-Razak Tidjani
- Faculty of Medicine, CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, University Grenoble Alpes, TIMC (UMR5525), 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.C.); (C.P.); (G.M.); (A.-R.T.); (S.T.); (B.T.)
| | - Federica Fiorini
- Plateforme de Métabolomique GEMELI-GExiM, Institut de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Sarah Thiroux
- Faculty of Medicine, CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, University Grenoble Alpes, TIMC (UMR5525), 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.C.); (C.P.); (G.M.); (A.-R.T.); (S.T.); (B.T.)
| | - Bertrand Toussaint
- Faculty of Medicine, CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, University Grenoble Alpes, TIMC (UMR5525), 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.C.); (C.P.); (G.M.); (A.-R.T.); (S.T.); (B.T.)
- Service de Biochimie Biologie Moléculaire Toxicologie Environnementale, UM Biochimie des Enzymes et des Protéines, Institut de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Plateforme de Métabolomique GEMELI-GExiM, Institut de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Dalil Hannani
- Faculty of Medicine, CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, University Grenoble Alpes, TIMC (UMR5525), 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.C.); (C.P.); (G.M.); (A.-R.T.); (S.T.); (B.T.)
| | - Audrey Le Gouellec
- Faculty of Medicine, CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, University Grenoble Alpes, TIMC (UMR5525), 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.C.); (C.P.); (G.M.); (A.-R.T.); (S.T.); (B.T.)
- Service de Biochimie Biologie Moléculaire Toxicologie Environnementale, UM Biochimie des Enzymes et des Protéines, Institut de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Plateforme de Métabolomique GEMELI-GExiM, Institut de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France;
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Cognitive and Motor Impairment Severity Related to Signs of Subclinical Wernicke's Encephalopathy in HIV Infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2020; 81:345-354. [PMID: 30958387 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is a neurological condition resulting from thiamine deficiency. Although commonly associated with alcoholism, nonalcoholic WE has been described in individuals with HIV infection, but subclinical WE may be underdiagnosed. The current study questioned whether the presence of subclinical WE signs underlies cognitive and motor deficits in HIV individuals as observed in alcoholism. SETTING Fifty-six HIV-positive individuals (HIV+) and 53 HIV-negative controls (HIV-) were assessed on 6 cognitive and motor domains: attention/working memory, production, immediate and delayed episodic memory, visuospatial abilities, and upper-limb motor function. METHODS Based on a rating scheme by Caine et al, HIV+ individuals were categorized by subclinical WE risk factors (dietary deficiency, oculomotor abnormality, cerebellar dysfunction, and altered mental state). Performance was expressed as age- and education-corrected Z-scores standardized on controls. RESULTS Sorting by Caine criteria yielded 20 HIV+ as Caine 0 (ie, meeting no criteria), 22 as Caine 1 (ie, meeting one criterion), and 14 as Caine 2 (ie, meeting 2 criteria). Comparison among HIV+ Caine subgroups revealed a graded effect: Caine 0 performed at control levels, Caine 1 showed mild to moderate deficits on some domains, and Caine 2 showed the most severe deficits on each domain. CONCLUSION This graded severity pattern of performance among Caine subgroups suggests that signs of subclinical WE can partly explain the heterogeneity in HIV-related cognitive and motor impairment. This study highlights the utility of Caine criteria in identifying potential causes of HIV-related neurocognitive disorders and has implications for disease management.
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Vora B, Green EAE, Khuri N, Ballgren F, Sirota M, Giacomini KM. Drug-nutrient interactions: discovering prescription drug inhibitors of the thiamine transporter ThTR-2 (SLC19A3). Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 111:110-121. [PMID: 31764942 PMCID: PMC6944527 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transporter-mediated drug-nutrient interactions have the potential to cause serious adverse events. However, unlike drug-drug interactions, these drug-nutrient interactions receive little attention during drug development. The clinical importance of drug-nutrient interactions was highlighted when a phase III clinical trial was terminated due to severe adverse events resulting from potent inhibition of thiamine transporter 2 (ThTR-2; SLC19A3). OBJECTIVE In this study, we tested the hypothesis that therapeutic drugs inhibit the intestinal thiamine transporter ThTR-2, which may lead to thiamine deficiency. METHODS For this exploration, we took a multifaceted approach, starting with a high-throughput in vitro primary screen to identify inhibitors, building in silico models to characterize inhibitors, and leveraging real-world data from electronic health records to begin to understand the clinical relevance of these inhibitors. RESULTS Our high-throughput screen of 1360 compounds, including many clinically used drugs, identified 146 potential inhibitors at 200 μM. Inhibition kinetics were determined for 28 drugs with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values ranging from 1.03 μM to >1 mM. Several oral drugs, including metformin, were predicted to have intestinal concentrations that may result in ThTR-2-mediated drug-nutrient interactions. Complementary analysis using electronic health records suggested that thiamine laboratory values are reduced in individuals receiving prescription drugs found to significantly inhibit ThTR-2, particularly in vulnerable populations (e.g., individuals with alcoholism). CONCLUSIONS Our comprehensive analysis of prescription drugs suggests that several marketed drugs inhibit ThTR-2, which may contribute to thiamine deficiency, especially in at-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Vora
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A E Green
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Natalia Khuri
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Frida Ballgren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marina Sirota
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kathleen M Giacomini
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Basiri B, Sutton JM, Hanberry BS, Zastre JA, Bartlett MG. Ion pair liquid chromatography method for the determination of thiamine (vitamin B1) homeostasis. Biomed Chromatogr 2015; 30:35-41. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Babak Basiri
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences; The University of Georgia College of Pharmacy; 250 W. Green Street Athens GA 30602-2352 USA
| | - James Michael Sutton
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences; The University of Georgia College of Pharmacy; 250 W. Green Street Athens GA 30602-2352 USA
| | - Bradley S. Hanberry
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences; The University of Georgia College of Pharmacy; 250 W. Green Street Athens GA 30602-2352 USA
| | - Jason A. Zastre
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences; The University of Georgia College of Pharmacy; 250 W. Green Street Athens GA 30602-2352 USA
| | - Michael G. Bartlett
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences; The University of Georgia College of Pharmacy; 250 W. Green Street Athens GA 30602-2352 USA
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Lack of severe long-term outcomes of acute, subclinical B1 deficiency in 216 children in Israel exposed in early infancy. Pediatr Res 2013; 73:111-9. [PMID: 23085818 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2012.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A vitamin B(1)-deficient soy-based infant formula was marketed in Israel in 2003, exposing infants to clinical or subclinical B(1) deficiency. We investigated whether subclinical B(1) deficiency in early infancy had medical, neurodevelopmental, or cognitive effects at 3-5 y of age. METHODS A historical prospective cohort study was conducted consisting of four groups: "exposed," consuming a B(1)-deficient soy-based formula exclusively for four consecutive weeks or longer; "control," consuming no soy-based formula; "mixed," consuming the formula nonexclusively or exclusively for less than four consecutive weeks; and "other," consuming soy-based formulas other than Remedia. Participants were evaluated by medical examination, Stanford-Binet (SB) intelligence test, sensory profile evaluation, and Conners scales (attention deficit disorder/attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADD/ADHD)). RESULTS Following adjustment for gender, age, and maternal education, there were no significant differences among the four groups on the mean SB scores, on the verbal and nonverbal scores, or in the proportion of children in each group with scores <90. A significantly higher proportion of exposed children as compared with control children had an impaired sensory profile and scores on the Conners scales (ADD/ADHD), but these proportions were also high in the "other" and "mixed" groups. CONCLUSION The results do not support an association between subclinical B(1) deficiency in infancy and long-term development.
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The role of thiamine in HIV infection. Int J Infect Dis 2012; 17:e221-7. [PMID: 23274124 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2012.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients infected with HIV have a high prevalence of thiamine deficiency. Genetic studies have provided the opportunity to determine which proteins link thiamine to HIV pathology, i.e., renin-angiotensin system, poly(ADP-ribosyl) polymerase 1, Sp1 promoter gene, transcription factor p53, apoptotic factor caspase 3, and glycogen synthetase kinase 3β. Thiamine also affects HIV through non-genomic factors, i.e., matrix metalloproteinase, vascular endothelial growth factor, heme oxygenase 1, the prostaglandins, cyclooxygenase 2, reactive oxygen species, and nitric oxide. In conclusion, thiamine may benefit HIV patients, but further investigation of the role of thiamine in HIV infection is needed.
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Dysautonomie sévère révélatrice d’une encéphalopathie de Gayet-Wernicke. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2011; 167:250-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2010.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2010] [Revised: 04/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Thiamine status in humans and content of phosphorylated thiamine derivatives in biopsies and cultured cells. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13616. [PMID: 21049048 PMCID: PMC2963613 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thiamine (vitamin B1) is an essential molecule for all life forms because thiamine diphosphate (ThDP) is an indispensable cofactor for oxidative energy metabolism. The less abundant thiamine monophosphate (ThMP), thiamine triphosphate (ThTP) and adenosine thiamine triphosphate (AThTP), present in many organisms, may have still unidentified physiological functions. Diseases linked to thiamine deficiency (polyneuritis, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome) remain frequent among alcohol abusers and other risk populations. This is the first comprehensive study on the distribution of thiamine derivatives in human biopsies, body fluids and cell lines. Methodology and Principal Findings Thiamine derivatives were determined by HPLC. In human tissues, the total thiamine content is lower than in other animal species. ThDP is the major thiamine compound and tissue levels decrease at high age. In semen, ThDP content correlates with the concentration of spermatozoa but not with their motility. The proportion of ThTP is higher in humans than in rodents, probably because of a lower 25-kDa ThTPase activity. The expression and activity of this enzyme seems to correlate with the degree of cell differentiation. ThTP was present in nearly all brain and muscle samples and in ∼60% of other tissue samples, in particular fetal tissue and cultured cells. A low ([ThTP]+[ThMP])/([Thiamine]+[ThMP]) ratio was found in cardiovascular tissues of patients with cardiac insufficiency. AThTP was detected only sporadically in adult tissues but was found more consistently in fetal tissues and cell lines. Conclusions and Significance The high sensitivity of humans to thiamine deficiency is probably linked to low circulating thiamine concentrations and low ThDP tissue contents. ThTP levels are relatively high in many human tissues, as a result of low expression of the 25-kDa ThTPase. Another novel finding is the presence of ThTP and AThTP in poorly differentiated fast-growing cells, suggesting a hitherto unsuspected link between these compounds and cell division or differentiation.
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Alexander-Kaufman K, Harper C. Transketolase: Observations in alcohol-related brain damage research. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2009; 41:717-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2008.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2008] [Revised: 04/02/2008] [Accepted: 04/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Mancinelli R, Ceccanti M. Biomarkers in Alcohol Misuse: Their Role in the Prevention and Detection of Thiamine Deficiency. Alcohol Alcohol 2009; 44:177-82. [DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agn117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Harper C. Thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency and associated brain damage is still common throughout the world and prevention is simple and safe! Eur J Neurol 2006; 13:1078-82. [PMID: 16987159 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01530.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Many different population groups throughout the world have thiamine deficiency and are at risk of developing severe neurological and cardiac disorders. Alcoholics are most at risk but other important clinical groups should be monitored carefully. The most severe, potentially fatal disease caused by thiamine deficiency is the neurological disorder Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. This can be difficult to diagnose and many cases remain undiagnosed. Treatment with thiamine generally results in a dramatic clinical improvement. Thiamine supplementation of stable food products like flour is an effective, simple and safe public health measure that can improve the thiamine status of all population groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Harper
- Department of Pathology, University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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17
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Faintuch J, Soeters PB, Osmo HG. Nutritional and metabolic abnormalities in pre-AIDS HIV infection. Nutrition 2006; 22:683-90. [PMID: 16704957 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2006.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2005] [Accepted: 03/16/2006] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Since the earliest reports of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease, undernutrition has been associated with HIV infection, typically with the late stages of the disease (namely acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), and may advance to severe wasting and cachexia. Specific micronutrient deficiencies are also recognized to occur with HIV infection, but their actual effect on the clinical course of the disease is hard to assess. The studies reviewed provide more insight into the complex interface between undernutrition and, in some cases, obesity and HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and highlight the possibility of alleviating or curing undernutrition by means of simple and comparatively inexpensive dietary adjustments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Faintuch
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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18
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Lonsdale D. A review of the biochemistry, metabolism and clinical benefits of thiamin(e) and its derivatives. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2006; 3:49-59. [PMID: 16550223 PMCID: PMC1375232 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nek009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Thiamin(e), also known as vitamin B1, is now known to play a fundamental role in energy metabolism. Its discovery followed from the original early research on the ‘anti-beriberi factor’ found in rice polishings. After its synthesis in 1936, it led to many years of research to find its action in treating beriberi, a lethal scourge known for thousands of years, particularly in cultures dependent on rice as a staple. This paper refers to the previously described symptomatology of beriberi, emphasizing that it differs from that in pure, experimentally induced thiamine deficiency in human subjects. Emphasis is placed on some of the more unusual manifestations of thiamine deficiency and its potential role in modern nutrition. Its biochemistry and pathophysiology are discussed and some of the less common conditions associated with thiamine deficiency are reviewed. An understanding of the role of thiamine in modern nutrition is crucial in the rapidly advancing knowledge applicable to Complementary Alternative Medicine. References are given that provide insight into the use of this vitamin in clinical conditions that are not usually associated with nutritional deficiency. The role of allithiamine and its synthetic derivatives is discussed. Thiamine plays a vital role in metabolism of glucose. Thus, emphasis is placed on the fact that ingestion of excessive simple carbohydrates automatically increases the need for this vitamin. This is referred to as high calorie malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick Lonsdale
- Preventive Medicine Group, Westlake, OH 44145, USA. dlonsdale@@pol.net
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19
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Mancinelli R, Ceccanti M, Guiducci MS, Sasso GF, Sebastiani G, Attilia ML, Allen JP. Simultaneous liquid chromatographic assessment of thiamine, thiamine monophosphate and thiamine diphosphate in human erythrocytes: a study on alcoholics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2003; 789:355-63. [PMID: 12742126 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(03)00139-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
An isocratic HPLC procedure for the assessment of thiamine (T), thiamine monophosphate (TMP) and thiamine diphosphate (TDP) in human erythrocytes is described. Several aspects of the procedure make it suitable for both clinical and research purposes: limits of detection and quantification of 1 and 2.5 nmol/l, respectively, recovery of 102% on average (range 93-112%), intra- and inter-day precisions within 5 and 9%, respectively, total elution time 15 min. This analytical methodology was applied to a case-control study on erythrocyte samples from 103 healthy subjects and 36 alcohol-dependent patients at risk of thiamine deficiency. Mean control values obtained were: T=89.6+/-22.7 nmol/l, TMP=4.4+/-6.6 nmol/l and TDP=222.23+/-56.3 nmol/l. T and TDP mean values of alcoholics were significantly lower than those of control cases: T=69.4+/-35.9 nmol/l (P<0.001) and TDP=127.4+/-62.5 nmol/l (P<10(-5)). The diagnostic role of TDP was evaluated and a significant role for thiamine was established in the study of alcohol related problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Mancinelli
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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20
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Drewe J, Delco F, Kissel T, Beglinger C. Effect of intravenous infusions of thiamine on the disposition kinetics of thiamine and its pyrophosphate. J Clin Pharm Ther 2003; 28:47-51. [PMID: 12605618 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2710.2003.00462.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thiamine supplementation is necessary in patients with thiamine deficiency syndromes. Experimental evidence suggests that tissue uptake and the elimination of thiamine are dose-dependent. AIM The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of different i.v. infusion rates of thiamine on blood concentrations of thiamine and its active metabolite thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) and on renal excretion of thiamine. METHODS Twelve healthy subjects received in a two-period block randomized study 150 mg thiamine intravenously over either 1 or 24 h. RESULTS The maximum blood concentrations (Cmax) of thiamine were significantly higher after the more rapid infusion (RI; 2300 ng/mL) than after the slower infusion (SI; 177 ng/mL). The AUC of thiamine was identical after both infusion protocols. There was a slightly (10%) increased AUC of TPP (P < 0.08) after SI, whereas C(max) values were comparable. Urinary excretion of thiamine was significantly decreased from 83.6% of the applied dose after RI to 57.6% after the SI. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest an increased tissue uptake of thiamine when it is given as an SI compared with a RI of the same dose. It is concluded, therefore, that an SI of thiamine may be superior to RI or bolus injections to treat severe deficiency syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Drewe
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Clinic, Kantonsspital Basel and Institute for Clinical Pharmacy, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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21
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Blanc P, Boussuges A. [Is thiamine supplementation necessary in patient with cardiac insufficiency?]. Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) 2001; 50:160-8. [PMID: 12555508 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-3928(01)00011-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Interest has recently risen regarding thiamine deficiency in patients with cardiac deficiency who are receiving long-term diuretic therapy. Thiamine deficiency can lead biventricular myocardial failure (cardiac beriberi), and treatment consists of thiamine administration. Studies have shown that long-term furosemide use may be associated with thiamine deficiency through urinary loss, contributing to cardiac insufficiency in patients with congestive heart failure. Thiamine supplementation could improved left ventricular function. However, the results of those studies are controversial, and none study have till proved the clinical impact of a systematic administration of thiamine in a cohort of patients with cardiac insufficiency. To date, and waiting for available literature, thiamine administration should be consider in patients at risk for thiamine deficiency (elderly, malnourished, alcoholic), and in patients receiving very large doses of diuretics.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Blanc
- Service de réanimation polyvalente, service de cardiologie, CHD Félix Guyon, 97405 Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France.
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