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Strandmark J, Darboe A, Diray-Arce J, Ben-Othman R, Vignolo SM, Rao S, Smolen KK, Leroux-Roels G, Idoko OT, Sanchez-Schmitz G, Ozonoff A, Levy O, Kollmann TR, Marchant A, Kampmann B. A single birth dose of Hepatitis B vaccine induces polyfunctional CD4 + T helper cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1043375. [PMID: 36426360 PMCID: PMC9681035 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1043375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
A single birth-dose of Hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) can protect newborns from acquiring Hepatitis B infection through vertical transmission, though several follow-up doses are required to induce long-lived protection. In addition to stimulating antibodies, a birth-dose of HepB might also induce polyfunctional CD4+ T-cells, which may contribute to initial protection. We investigated whether vaccination with HepB in the first week of life induced detectable antigen-specific CD4+ T-cells after only a single dose and following completion of the entire HepB vaccine schedule (3 doses). Using HBsAg- stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 344 infants, we detected increased populations of antigen-specific polyfunctional CD154+IL-2+TNFα+ CD4+ T-cells following a single birth-dose of HepB in a proportion of infants. Frequencies of polyfunctional T-cells increased following the completion of the HepB schedule but increases in the proportion of responders as compared to following only one dose was marginal. Polyfunctional T-cells correlated positively with serum antibody titres following the birth dose (day30) and completion of the 3-dose primary HepB vaccine series (day 128). These data indicate that a single birth dose of HepB provides immune priming for both antigen-specific B- and T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Strandmark
- Vaccines & Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council (MRC) Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Fajara, Gambia
| | - Alansana Darboe
- Vaccines & Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council (MRC) Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Fajara, Gambia
| | - Joann Diray-Arce
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rym Ben-Othman
- Department of Paediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sofia M. Vignolo
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shun Rao
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kinga K. Smolen
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Olubukola T. Idoko
- Vaccines & Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council (MRC) Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Fajara, Gambia
| | - Guzmán Sanchez-Schmitz
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Al Ozonoff
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Klarman Cell Observatory & Global Health Initiative, Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) & Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Ofer Levy
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Klarman Cell Observatory & Global Health Initiative, Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) & Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Tobias R. Kollmann
- Department of Paediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Arnaud Marchant
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Beate Kampmann
- Vaccines & Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council (MRC) Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Fajara, Gambia
- The Vaccine Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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2
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Körber N, Pohl L, Weinberger B, Grubeck-Loebenstein B, Wawer A, Knolle PA, Roggendorf H, Protzer U, Bauer T. Hepatitis B Vaccine Non-Responders Show Higher Frequencies of CD24 highCD38 high Regulatory B Cells and Lower Levels of IL-10 Expression Compared to Responders. Front Immunol 2021; 12:713351. [PMID: 34566969 PMCID: PMC8461011 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.713351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The cellular mechanisms involved in the lack of protective antibody response after hepatitis B vaccination are still rather unclear. Regulatory B cells (Breg) known as modulators of B-and T-cell responses may contribute to poor vaccine responsiveness. The current study aimed to investigate the role of regulatory B cells (Breg) in hepatitis B vaccine non-responsiveness after immunization with second- or third-generation hepatitis B vaccines. Method We performed comparative phenotypic and frequency analysis of Breg subsets (CD24+CD27+ and CD24highCD38high Breg) in second-generation hepatitis B vaccine non-responders (2nd HBvac NR, n = 11) and responders (2nd HBvac R, n = 8) before (d0), on day 7 (d7), and 28 (d28) after booster vaccination. Cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated ex vivo with a combination of CpG, PMA, and Ionomycin (CpG+P/I) and analyzed for numbers and IL-10 expression levels of Breg by flow cytometry-based analyses. Results Flow cytometry-based analyses revealed elevated frequencies of CD24+CD27+ Breg at all time points and significantly higher frequencies of CD24highCD38high Breg on d0 (p = 0.004) and 28 (p = 0.012) in 2nd HBvac NR compared to 2nd HBvac R. In parallel, we observed significantly lower levels of CpG+P/I-induced IL-10 expression levels of CD24+CD27+ and CD24highCD38high Breg (d0: p < 0.0001; d7: p = 0.0004; d28: p = 0.0003 and d0: p = 0.016; d7: p = 0.016, respectively) in 2nd HBvac NR compared to 2nd HBvac R before and after booster immunization. Frequencies of CD24+CD27+ and CD24highCD38high Breg significantly decreased after third-generation hepatitis B booster vaccination (d7: p = 0.014; d28: p = 0.032 and d7: p = 0.045, respectively), whereas IL-10 expression levels of both Breg subsets remained stable. Conclusion Here we report significantly higher frequencies of CD24highCD38high Breg in parallel with significantly lower IL-10 expression levels of CD24+CD27+ and CD24highCD38high Breg in 2nd HBvac NR compared to 2nd HBvac R. Anti-HBs seroconversion accompanied by a decrease of Breg numbers after booster immunization with a third-generation hepatitis B vaccine could indicate a positive effect of third-generation hepatitis B vaccines on Breg-mediated immunomodulation in hepatitis B vaccine non-responders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Körber
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
| | - Laureen Pohl
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Birgit Weinberger
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Andrea Wawer
- Occupational Health Unit, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Percy A Knolle
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Hedwig Roggendorf
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany.,Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Tanja Bauer
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
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3
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Zhan Q, Xu JH, Yu YY, Lo KK E, El-Nezami H, Zeng Z. Human immune repertoire in hepatitis B virus infection. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:3790-3801. [PMID: 34321844 PMCID: PMC8291018 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i25.3790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a public health threat that affects 257 million people worldwide and can progress to liver cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The HBV antigen- induced adaptive immune response plays an important role in HBV clearance. Immune repertoire sequencing (IRS) has been used to investigate the molecular mechanisms behind the immune system, find novel ways to treat HBV infection, and evaluate the genetic responses and immune characteristics of individuals infected by HBV or immunized by HBV vaccine. This review summarizes the human immune repertoire analysis methodology, and the application of the IRS in the prediction of HBV infection progression, treatment, and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zhan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Jing-Hang Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yan-Yan Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Emily Lo KK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Felicianna
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hani El-Nezami
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio FI-70211, Finland
| | - Zheng Zeng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
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4
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Yin M, Xiong Y, Liang D, Tang H, Hong Q, Liu G, Zeng J, Lian T, Huang J, Ni J. Circulating Tfh cell and subsets distribution are associated with low-responsiveness to hepatitis B vaccination. Mol Med 2021; 27:32. [PMID: 33794763 PMCID: PMC8015036 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00290-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An estimated 5–10 % of healthy vaccinees lack adequate antibody response following receipt of a standard three-dose hepatitis B vaccination regimen. The cellular mechanisms responsible for poor immunological responses to hepatitis B vaccine have not been fully elucidated to date. Methods There were 61 low responders and 56 hyper responders involved in our study. Peripheral blood samples were mainly collected at D7, D14 and D28 after revaccinated with a further dose of 20 µg of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine. Results We found low responders to the hepatitis B vaccine presented lower frequencies of circulating follicular helper T (cTfh) cells, plasmablasts and a profound skewing away from cTfh2 and cTfh17 cells both toward cTfh1 cells. Importantly, the skewing of Tfh cell subsets correlated with IL-21 and protective antibody titers. Based on the key role of microRNAs involved in Tfh cell differentiation, we revealed miR-19b-1 and miR-92a-1 correlated with the cTfh cell subsets distribution and antibody production. Conclusions Our findings highlighted a decrease in cTfh cells and specific subset skewing contribute to reduced antibody responses in low responders. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s10020-021-00290-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjuan Yin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yongzhen Xiong
- School Clinic, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Dongmei Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Guangdong Medical University, No.1 Xincheng Road, 523808, Dongguan, China
| | - Hao Tang
- Teaching&Research Department, Dongguan Guancheng Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Qian Hong
- Dongguan Guancheng Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Immunization Program, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinmei Zeng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Guangdong Medical University, No.1 Xincheng Road, 523808, Dongguan, China
| | - Tingyu Lian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Guangdong Medical University, No.1 Xincheng Road, 523808, Dongguan, China
| | - Jingxiao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Guangdong Medical University, No.1 Xincheng Road, 523808, Dongguan, China
| | - Jindong Ni
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Guangdong Medical University, No.1 Xincheng Road, 523808, Dongguan, China.
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5
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Yin M, Xiong Y, Huang L, Liu G, Yu Z, Zhao Y, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Lian T, Huang J, Liang D, Zeng J, Ni J. Circulating follicular helper T cells and subsets are associated with immune response to hepatitis B vaccination. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 17:566-574. [PMID: 32614645 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1775457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Around 5-10% of healthy vaccinees lack or produce an inadequate antibody response following receipt of a standard hepatitis B vaccination regimen. Studying immune response to hepatitis B vaccination could promote researches of immunological events contributing to this poor response. To address this, we investigated follicular helper T (Tfh) cells and firstly demonstrated similar kinetics between circulating Tfh (cTfh) cells and Tfh cells derived from mice spleen after hepatitis B vaccination. And cTfh cells were positively associated with anti-HBs at one week after vaccination (D7). Furthermore, we found PBMCs stimulated by HBsAg showed preferential activation of CXCR3- Tfh cells subsets in vitro. The expression of transcription factor BCL6 in CD4+ T cell significantly differed between D7 and four weeks after vaccination (D28). However, dynamic curve of CD19+ B cells tended to rise then fall but no significant trends were observed. Our findings revealed a decrease in cTfh cells and subset skewing contribute to reduced antibody responses in immune response to hepatitis B vaccination, which indicated the importance of Tfh cell in facilitating the optimization of vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjuan Yin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Guangdong Medical University , Dongguan, China.,Maternal and Child Research Institute, Women and Children's Hospital Affiliated to Guangdong Medical University (Shunde District Maternal and Child Health Hospital) , Foshan, China
| | - Yongzhen Xiong
- School Clinic, Guangdong Medical University , Dongguan, China
| | - Lingfeng Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Guangdong Medical University , Dongguan, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Immunization Program, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Shenzhen, China
| | - Zuwei Yu
- Public Health Office, Dalang Town Community Health Service Center , Dongguan, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Medical University , Dongguan, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Neonatal Department, Shenzhen Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University , Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Guangdong Medical University , Dongguan, China
| | - Tingyu Lian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Guangdong Medical University , Dongguan, China
| | - Jingxiao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Guangdong Medical University , Dongguan, China
| | - DongMei Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Guangdong Medical University , Dongguan, China
| | - JinMei Zeng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Guangdong Medical University , Dongguan, China
| | - Jindong Ni
- Maternal and Child Research Institute, Women and Children's Hospital Affiliated to Guangdong Medical University (Shunde District Maternal and Child Health Hospital) , Foshan, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Guangdong Medical University , Dongguan, China
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6
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Sabry R, Mohamed ZAZ, Abdallah AM. Relationship between Th1 and Th2 cytokine serum levels and immune response to Hepatitis B vaccination among Egyptian health care workers. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2018; 39:496-508. [DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2018.1509871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Reham Sabry
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine (For Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zakia Abu Zahab Mohamed
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine (For Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amany M. Abdallah
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine (For Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Giacomet V, Masetti M, Nannini P, Forlanini F, Clerici M, Zuccotti GV, Trabattoni D. Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses after a booster dose of HBV vaccine in HIV-infected children, adolescents and young adults. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192638. [PMID: 29444185 PMCID: PMC5812642 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE HBV vaccine induces protective antibodies only in 23-56% of HIV-infected children. The aim of our study is to evaluate the immunologic effects of a booster dose of HBV vaccine in HIV-infected youth. DESIGN 53 young HIV-infected patients in whom HBV vaccination did not elicit protective Ab titers were enrolled. All patients were on ART with optimal immunological and viral response. METHOD All patients received a booster dose of HBV vaccine (HBVAXPRO 10 μg i.m.). HBV-specific Ab titer, viral load and CD4+ T cells were measured at baseline (T0), T1, T6 and T12 months. In a subgroup of 16 patients HBV-specific cell mediated immune responses were evaluated at baseline, at T1 and T6. RESULTS The booster dose induced seroconversion in 51% of patients at T1, 57% at T6, and49% at T12; seroconversion rate was significantly correlated with CD4+T cells at T0 and to the CD4 nadir. The booster dose induced HBV-specific cell mediated immunity at T6 mainly in Responders (Rs): Effector Memory CD8+T cells, HBV-specific TNFα-, IFNγ-, granzyme secreting CD8+ T cells and IL2-secreting CD4+ T cells were significantly increased in Rs compared to T0. In Non Responders (NRs), HBV-specific IL2-secreting CD4+ T cells, Central and Effector Memory CD8+ T cells were the only parameters modified at T6. CONCLUSIONS Seroconversion induced by a booster dose of vaccine correlates with the development of T cell immunological memory in HIV-infected patients who did not respond to the standard immunization. Alternate immunization schedules need to be considered in NRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania Giacomet
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Milan, L. Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Michela Masetti
- Chair of Immunology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Pilar Nannini
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Milan, L. Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Forlanini
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Milan, L. Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Milan, Ospedale dei Bambini V. Buzzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Clerici
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Don C. Gnocchi Foundation ONLUS, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Milan, L. Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Milan, Ospedale dei Bambini V. Buzzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Daria Trabattoni
- Chair of Immunology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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8
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Borzooy Z, Streinu-Cercel A, Mirshafiey A, Khamseh A, Mahmoudie MK, Navabi SS, Nosrati M, Najafi Z, Hosseini M, Jazayeri SM. IL-17 and IL-22 genetic polymorphisms in HBV vaccine non- and low-responders among healthcare workers. Germs 2016; 6:14-20. [PMID: 27019828 DOI: 10.11599/germs.2016.1084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare workers constitute a population at high risk for HBV infection. Efficient vaccination options are available; however, the individual response to HBV vaccination may vary widely between subjects, potentially due to cytokine profiles and genetic variations. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between IL-17 and IL-22 gene polymorphisms versus non- and low-responsiveness to HBV vaccination in healthcare workers. METHODS We selected the following IL-17 and IL-22 polymorphisms: rs4711998 (A/G) from IL-17 and rs2227501 (A/T), rs2227503 (A/G), rs1026786 (A/G) from IL-22 sequences genes. These were determined by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphisms. RESULTS The IL-17 rs4711998 GG genotype had a significantly lower frequency in non-responders compared to low-responders (p=0.025). However, we did not identify a relationship between IL-22 rs1026780, rs2227501 and rs2227503 genotypes and the anti-HBs response following HBV vaccination. CONCLUSION These data suggest that genetic variation in rs4711998 polymorphisms in the IL-17 cytokine may influence vaccine-induced immune responses to HBV vaccine in healthcare workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Borzooy
- PhD student, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Department of Immunology and Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Adrian Streinu-Cercel
- MD, PhD, Department of Infectious Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; National Institute of Infectious Diseases, "Prof. Dr. Matei Balş", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Abbass Mirshafiey
- Ms, PhD, Head of the department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Khamseh
- Bs, Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Karkhaneh Mahmoudie
- Bs, Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shadi Sadat Navabi
- Ms, Department of Immunology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Nosrati
- Bs, Department of Infection Control, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Najafi
- Ms, Bahrami Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Hosseini
- Ms, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Jazayeri
- MD, PhD, Clinical Virologist, Hepatitis B Molecular Laboratory, Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Pertussis specific cell-mediated immune responses ten years after acellular pertussis booster vaccination in young adults. Vaccine 2016; 34:341-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Yu CH, Luo ZC, Li M, Lu L, Li Z, Wu XZ, Fan YZ, Zhang HL, Zhou BL, Wan Y, Men K, Tian YM, Chen S, Yuan FJ, Xiang R, Yang L. Synthetic innate defense regulator peptide combination using CpG ODN as a novel adjuvant induces long‑lasting and balanced immune responses. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:915-24. [PMID: 26647852 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are critical tools for the prevention and treatment of several diseases. Adjuvants have been traditionally used to enhance immunity to vaccines and experimental antigens. In the present study, the adjuvant combination of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN) and the innate defense regulator (IDR) peptide, IDR‑HH2, was evaluated for its ability to enhance and modulate the immune response when formulated with alum and the recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). The CpG‑HH2 complex enhanced the secretions of tumor necrosis factor‑α, monocyte chemotactic protein 1 and interferon‑γ by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and promoted murine bone marrow dentritic cell maturation. In addition, the present study demonstrated that IDR‑HH2 was chemotactic for human neutrophils, THP‑1 cells and RAW264.7 cells at concentrations between 2.5 and 40 µg/ml. The present study also observed that significantly higher anti‑HBs antibody titers, which were sustained at high levels for as long as 35 weeks following the boost immunization, were induced by the combination adjuvant, even when co‑administered with a commercial hepatitis B vaccine at a low antigen dose (0.1 µg HBsAg). Notably, the level of IgG2a was almost equal to the level of IgG1, indicating that a balanced T helper (Th)1/Th2 immune response was elicited by the novel vaccine, which was consistent with the ELISpot results. These data suggest that the CpG‑HH2 complex may be a potential effective adjuvant, which facilitates a reduction in the dose of antigen and induces long‑lasting, balanced immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Heng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Chao Luo
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Meng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Lian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Zhan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Zhe Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Zi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Long Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Bai-Ling Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yang Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ke Men
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yao-Mei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Jiao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Rong Xiang
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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11
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Kothari N, Kothari S, Choi YJ, Dey A, Briles DE, Rhee DK, Carbis R. A bivalent conjugate vaccine containing PspA families 1 and 2 has the potential to protect against a wide range of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains and Salmonella Typhi. Vaccine 2015; 33:783-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Xie SY, Yuan M, Ji MJ, Hu F, Li ZJ, Liu YM, Zeng XJ, Chen HG, Wu HW, Lin DD. Immune responses result in misdiagnosis of Schistosoma japonicum by immunodiagnosis kits in egg-positive patients living in a low schistosomiasis transmission area of China. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:95. [PMID: 24598061 PMCID: PMC3973003 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent field surveys, we failed to detect the presence of specific antibody against Schistosoma japonicum in some egg-positive patients by commonly used immunodiagnostic kits. To find out whether low levels of specific antibody truly exist among egg-positive individuals and elucidate the underlying immune mechanisms, we carried out a cross-sectional epidemiologic study in a S. japonicum low transmission endemic area of Poyang Lake region, China and compared the humoral and cellular immune characteristics between S. japonicum high and low antibody responders. METHODS Kato-Katz thick smear assay was used to determine the schistosomiasis status of 3,384 participants residing in two Poyang Lake region villages, Jiangxi, China. Among the 142 stool egg-positive participants, we identified low and high S. japonicum antibody responders with soluble egg antigen (SEA) and adult worm antigen (AWA) specific IgG levels by adopting ROC curve analysis. To compare the humoral and cellular immune responses between high and low S. japonicum antibody responders, serum specific antibody levels as well as the percentage of T lymphocyte subpopulation in PMBC, and cell stimulated cytokines (IFN- gamma and interlukin-10) were detected. RESULTS Eight S. japonicum egg-positive participants were defined as low antibody responders. Although the percentage of CD3⁺T cells in low responders was slightly higher and the percentage of CD4⁺ T cells, CD8⁺ T cells, the ratio of CD4⁺/CD8⁺ and CD4⁺ CD25⁺ Treg cells were lower than those in high responders, the differences between the two groups were not significant (P > 0.05). AWA -stimulated interlukin-10 level was significantly higher in high responders, while other cytokines did not show differences between two groups. For antibody profiles, except AWA specific IgA, significant differences of each antibody isotype between low and high responders were detected (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our study confirmed that there are S. japonicum antibody low responders among schistosome egg-positive residents in S. japonicum low-transmission areas in China. Thus, mis-diagnosis using immune-diagnosis kits do exist. Significant differences of responding antibody levels between low and high responders were detected, while no major cellular response changes were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ying Xie
- Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330046, China
| | - Min Yuan
- Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330046, China
| | - Min-Jun Ji
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Fei Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330046, China
| | - Zhao-Jun Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330046, China
| | - Yue-Min Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330046, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Zeng
- Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330046, China
| | - Hong-Gen Chen
- Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330046, China
| | - Hai-Wei Wu
- Center for International Health Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Medical School, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Medical School, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Dan-Dan Lin
- Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330046, China
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13
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Effects of cytokine and cytokine receptor gene variation on high anti-HB titers: following up on Taiwan's neonatal hepatitis B immunization program. Clin Chim Acta 2012; 413:1194-8. [PMID: 22484276 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A significant percentage of Taiwanese neonatal HB immunization recipients have subsequently exhibited low anti-HB titers at non-protective or undetectable levels. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this phenomenon, including low vaccination responsiveness, deficient lymphocyte function, inappropriate antigen processing and presentation, and abnormal cytokine secretion. METHODS To determine genetic influences resulting in high anti-HB titers, we divided a study cohort of 183 individuals into an anti-HBs≥1000 mIU/mL group and a 10-1000 mIU/mL anti-HBs titer group. Chi-square tests were used to compare genotype and allelic frequencies between the two groups. RESULTS Data from univariate and multivariate regression analyses of cytokine and cytokine receptor gene variants indicate (a) increased potential of high anti-HB titers in the presence of the TT genotype of the IL-4 rs2243250 SNP (OR=3.19; p=0.012) and the AA genotype of the IL-4R rs1805010 SNP (OR=2.25; p=0.048), and (b) individuals carrying the TT genotype of the IL-4 rs2243250 SNP had anti-HB titers at levels that were almost twice as high as those in individuals carrying the CC genotype (478.8 mIU/mL and 290.3 mIU/mL, respectively; p=0.033). CONCLUSION Genetic determinants, especially IL-4 and IL-4R, may contribute to high anti-HB titers in immune responses to HB vaccinations.
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Abstract
Measuring cytokine production is an integral part of measuring immune response during immunotherapy. Current technologies allow the simultaneous quantification of multiple cytokines in a variety of tissues. Patterns of cytokine response can be referred to as cytokine profiles. This article discusses the experimental design and data analysis of a number of studies that examined cytokine profiles in humans. We highlight potential sources of variability, both due to assay nuances and the diversity of human populations. We present strategies for analyzing data, emphasizing both multidimensional analysis and the value of treating each donor as his or her own control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet C Siebert
- Robert W Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Center, Portland, OR 97213, USA.
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15
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Chou HY, Lin XZ, Pan WY, Wu PY, Chang CM, Lin TY, Shen HH, Tao MH. Hydrogel-Delivered GM-CSF Overcomes Nonresponsiveness to Hepatitis B Vaccine through the Recruitment and Activation of Dendritic Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:5468-75. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Valats JC, Tuaillon E, Funakoshi N, Hoa D, Brabet MC, Bolloré K, Ducos J, Vendrell JP, Blanc P. Investigation of memory B cell responses to hepatitis B surface antigen in health care workers considered as non-responders to vaccination. Vaccine 2010; 28:6411-6. [PMID: 20682363 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Revised: 07/08/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Up to 20% of health care workers are considered as non-responders to hepatitis B vaccination (anti-HBs<10 m UI/ml in serum). We have explored memory B cells differentiated in vitro into anti-HBs antibody-secreting cells (anti-HBs-SCs) by ELISPOT assay. Anti-HBs-SCs were detected in vaccinated responders (n = 11) and non-responders (n = 10) but IgG anti-HBs-SCs were significantly lower in the non-responder group (p<0.001). Low amounts of HBs antibodies were also quantified by ELISA in non-responders' sera. These results indicate that a suboptimal B cell response exists in non-responders to HBV vaccination. This B cell response may mediate a protection against clinically significant breakthrough hepatitis B infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Valats
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie B, Hôpital Saint Eloi, CHU Montpellier, France
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17
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Velu V, Saravanan S, Nandakumar S, Shankar EM, Vengatesan A, Jadhav SS, Kulkarni PS, Thyagarajan SP. Relationship between T-lymphocyte cytokine levels and sero-response to hepatitis B vaccines. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14:3534-40. [PMID: 18567083 PMCID: PMC2716617 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.14.3534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the cellular defects by analyzing the (Th1/Th2) cytokine levels in vaccine responders and non-responders.
METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) from responders and non-responders were stimulated with or with out recombinant HBsAg or PHA. Broad spectrum of cytokines viz (Th1) IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α, IL-12 and (Th2) IL-10, IL-4 were measured after in vitro stimulation with recombinant HBsAg and were compared with respective antibody titers.
RESULTS: A significant decrease (P = 0.001) in Th1 and Th2 cytokines namely, IL-2, INF-γ, TNF-α and IL-10 in non-responders was observed. The level of IL-4 was not significant between the three groups. Furthermore, despite a strong Th1 and Th2 cytokine response, the level of IL-12 was elevated in high-responders compared to other groups (P = 0.001) and demonstrated a positive correlation with anti-HBs titers and Th1 cytokine response.
CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that unresponsiveness to recombinant hepatitis B vaccines (rHB) is multifactorial, including specific failure of antigen presentation or the lack of both T helper Th1 and Th2 response.
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18
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Klein NP, Fireman B, Enright A, Ray P, Black S, Dekker CL. A role for genetics in the immune response to the varicella vaccine. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2007; 26:300-5. [PMID: 17414391 DOI: 10.1097/01.inf.0000257454.74513.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A wide range in antibody titers has been found after immunization with the varicella vaccine, although the basis for these differences has not been described. METHODS To evaluate the contribution of a genetic component in the immune response to the varicella vaccine, concordance for six-week postimmunization antibody titers was evaluated among 248 biologic siblings who participated in varicella vaccine clinical trials by comparing all pairs of siblings (151 pairs) to all possible unrelated, nonsibling pairs created from within this same cohort (30,477 pairs). RESULTS Postimmunization antibody titers after 1 varicella vaccine dose were within the range observed historically among healthy vaccinees, with 85.4% of subjects having antibody responses greater than the approximate correlate of protection of 5 gpELISA units. Postimmunization antibody titers within sibling pairs clustered together more than or less than 10 gpELISA units when compared with within nonsibling pairs (P < 0.0001). Postimmunization titers within sibling pairs were also quantitatively closer together than were those within unrelated, nonsibling pairs (P = 0.022). The age-adjusted intraclass correlation coefficient indicated that the heritability of the varicella vaccine immune response is 45% (95% confidence interval of 15-75%). CONCLUSIONS Similarities in siblings' response to varicella vaccine are supportive of the hypothesis that genetic factors play a role in the antibody response to the varicella vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola P Klein
- Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center and Division of Research, Oakland, CA 94612, USA.
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19
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Albarran B, Goncalves L, Salmen S, Borges L, Fields H, Soyano A, Montes H, Berrueta L. Profiles of NK, NKT cell activation and cytokine production following vaccination against hepatitis B. APMIS 2005; 113:526-35. [PMID: 16086823 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2005.apm_191.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human natural killer (NK) cells (CD56+ CD3-) represent crucial components of the innate immune system especially against viral infections and because their activation can modulate the outcome of the adaptive immune response. NKT cells (CD56+CD3+), a lymphocyte T population characterized by expression of surface markers of NK cells, are known to be abundant in the liver and their activation could be associated with hepatic injury. Using three-color flow cytometry to measure surface receptors and intracellular cytokines, we have explored early activation signals and cytokine production in NK and NKT cells within a group of hepatitis B vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals. A specific increase of the CD56bright cell population, the activation receptor CD69 and IFN-gamma, was observed in NK cells following incubation with recombinant HBsAg in responders to vaccination. Comparable results were observed in NKT cells showing an increment of CD69, CD25, IL-2 and IFN-gamma expression in responder subjects. These parameters were statistically diminished in non-responder individuals (p<0.05) in both groups of cells. These results demonstrate a diminished activation of these cells in non-responders to the vaccine, suggesting that NK and NKT cells play an important role in the immune response following hepatitis B vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Albarran
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, University of Los Andes, Merida, Venezuela
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20
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Jarrosson L, Kolopp-Sarda MN, Aguilar P, Béné MC, Lepori ML, Vignaud MC, Faure GC, Kohler C. Most humoral non-responders to hepatitis B vaccines develop HBV-specific cellular immune responses. Vaccine 2004; 22:3789-96. [PMID: 15315860 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2004] [Accepted: 02/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
About 10% of health care professionals vaccinated against hepatitis B virus (HBV) fail to develop protective antibodies. We tested the capacity of peripheral blood lymphocytes from 121 health care professionals, including 76 non-responders, to proliferate to four HBV vaccines, examined the proliferating cells' subset, production of IFN-gamma, IL-4 and IL-10, and for 22 subjects, the cytokine production genotype. Specific proliferative responses to at least one HBV antigen were noted in 75% humoral non-responders. These cells differed from the CD4+ strongly proliferating cells of responders. Non-responders frequently displayed a genotype of high TGF-beta and intermediate IL-10 secretion. Most humoral non-responders to HBV thus develop specific cellular immune responses, eventually liable to protect them against viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Jarrosson
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie du CHU, Faculté de Médecine, BP 184, 54500 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
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21
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Goncalves L, Albarran B, Salmen S, Borges L, Fields H, Montes H, Soyano A, Diaz Y, Berrueta L. The nonresponse to hepatitis B vaccination is associated with impaired lymphocyte activation. Virology 2004; 326:20-8. [PMID: 15262491 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2004.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2004] [Revised: 03/15/2004] [Accepted: 04/30/2004] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nonresponsiveness against hepatitis B vaccination has been described in 4-10% of immunized subjects. We have explored the specific cell response to hepatitis B surface antigen by analyzing: PBMC proliferation, cytokine production (Th1, Th2 profiles, and TGF-beta), and activation molecules on Th cells. A poor proliferative response was demonstrated in nonresponders (P < 0.05). T cells from responders produced all tested cytokines (P < 0.01), in contrast with nonresponders subjects (P < 0.05). Expression of CD69 and CD25 was diminished in T cells from nonresponders (P < 0.01). A reduced expression of CD40L was also detected in T cells from nonresponders (P < 0.01). An elevated correlation coefficient was observed between CD40L on CD4+ cells and antibody production. These results suggest an overall inability of T cells to be activated which could be consistent with potential differences in antigen presentation. In conclusion, our results suggest that an altered Th response may be a consequence of inappropriate early activation events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Goncalves
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, University of Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
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22
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Jafarzadeh A, Shokri F. The antibody response to HBs antigen is regulated by coordinated Th1 and Th2 cytokine production in healthy neonates. Clin Exp Immunol 2003. [PMID: 12605698 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A proportion of healthy neonates fail to produce protective levels of anti-HBs antibody following vaccination with recombinant hepatitis B vaccine. This study was undertaken to investigate contribution of Th1 and Th2 responses to anti-HBs antibody production and to explore the mechanism(s) of unresponsiveness to HBsAg in human neonates. Peripheral blood manonuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated form 28 nonresponder (anti-HBs antibody <10 IU/l) and 25 responder neonates. The cells were stimulated in vitro with recombinant HBsAg and PHA mitogen and concentrations of IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-gamma were quantified in culture supernatants by sandwich ELISA. Our results demonstrated significantly increased production of all cytokines, including IL-4 (P < 0.001), IL-10 (P < 0.002) and IFN-gamma (P < 0.01) in responder compared to nonresponder vaccinees. No significant differences, however, were observed between the two groups of neonates in the levels of cytokines induced by PHA or secreted in absence of antigen and mitogen. Our findings suggest that unresponsiveness to recombinant HBsAg in healthy neonates is linked to inadequate secretion of both Th1 and Th2 cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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23
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Antigen-specific T cell response in infants after recombinant hepatitis B virus vaccination at birth: evaluation of T helper lymphocyte diversity. Clin Immunol 2003; 107:122-8. [PMID: 12763481 DOI: 10.1016/s1521-6616(03)00047-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant hepatitis B virus antigen (rHBsAg)-specific CD4+ T cell clones (TCC) were isolated and expanded from the peripheral blood of nine children vaccinated at birth against the hepatitis B (HB) virus. Four of them responded with protective antibody production (responders), three subjects were unable to produce detectable antibody levels even after revaccination (nonresponders), and two infants produced antibodies only after revaccination (slow responders). TCC were then characterized for their ability to produce cytokines known to be important for T cell expansion (interleukin-2, IL-2) and/or effector functions (IL-4, IFN-gamma, IL-10). Results demonstrated that the frequency of rHBsAg-specific TCC in the samples of nonresponders was comparable to or higher than that in the samples of responders. Nevertheless, the majority of TCC obtained from responders or from slow responders before revaccination displayed the T helper 1 (T(H1))-dominant phenotype, while the majority of TCC obtained from nonresponders were nonpolarized T lymphocytes. After revaccination, the distribution of the different T(H) subsets in slow responders was heterogeneous. Overall, our present data suggest that an absence or delay in developing an rHBsAg-specific antibody response to vaccination is not associated with the capacity to generate an Ag-specific T cell response. However, compared to responders, nonresponding infants react to the rHBsAg vaccination with a reduced capacity to expand and differentiate toward polarized T(H) cells.
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24
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Soroosh P, Shokri F, Azizi M, Jeddi-Tehrani M. Analysis of T-cell receptor beta chain variable gene segment usage in healthy adult responders and nonresponders to recombinant hepatitis B vaccine. Scand J Immunol 2003; 57:423-31. [PMID: 12753498 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3083.2003.01256.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
One to 10 per cent of healthy adult individuals do not produce protective levels of anti-hepatitis B surface (HBs) antibodies, following a standard vaccination protocol. Lack of an HBs antigen (Ag)-specific T-cell repertoire is amongst the possible defects, which may lead to humoral unresponsiveness and is the main objective of this study. We analysed TcR BV (T-cell receptor beta chain variable) gene usage in T lymphocytes from nine healthy adult responders and six nonresponders to recombinant HB vaccine, before and after booster vaccination. CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell populations were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells by magnetic beads, and the expression of TcR BV genes in each population was investigated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and hybridization with specific probe. When the usage of each TcR BV gene within CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of the responders was compared with that of nonresponders, statistically significant difference (P < 0.01) was noted for BV5S2-3 gene family in CD4+ T cells of nonresponders. Furthermore, individual vaccinees were shown to overexpress several TcR BV genes. To characterize the T-cell repertoire and determine their clonal nature, analysis of CDR3 length polymorphism was performed. Our results show that T-cell response to HBsAg is generally oligoclonal and involves multiple BV families. Furthermore, overexpressed individual TcR BV genes and CDR3 length distributions in response to HBsAg are subject-dependent. In conclusion, our results are not in line with the notion that defective TcR repertoire may be an explanation for unresponsiveness to recombinant HBsAg vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Soroosh
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Jafarzadeh A, Shokri F. The antibody response to HBs antigen is regulated by coordinated Th1 and Th2 cytokine production in healthy neonates. Clin Exp Immunol 2003; 131:451-6. [PMID: 12605698 PMCID: PMC1808652 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2003.02093.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A proportion of healthy neonates fail to produce protective levels of anti-HBs antibody following vaccination with recombinant hepatitis B vaccine. This study was undertaken to investigate contribution of Th1 and Th2 responses to anti-HBs antibody production and to explore the mechanism(s) of unresponsiveness to HBsAg in human neonates. Peripheral blood manonuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated form 28 nonresponder (anti-HBs antibody <10 IU/l) and 25 responder neonates. The cells were stimulated in vitro with recombinant HBsAg and PHA mitogen and concentrations of IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-gamma were quantified in culture supernatants by sandwich ELISA. Our results demonstrated significantly increased production of all cytokines, including IL-4 (P < 0.001), IL-10 (P < 0.002) and IFN-gamma (P < 0.01) in responder compared to nonresponder vaccinees. No significant differences, however, were observed between the two groups of neonates in the levels of cytokines induced by PHA or secreted in absence of antigen and mitogen. Our findings suggest that unresponsiveness to recombinant HBsAg in healthy neonates is linked to inadequate secretion of both Th1 and Th2 cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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26
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Hengel RL, Thaker V, Pavlick MV, Metcalf JA, Dennis G, Yang J, Lempicki RA, Sereti I, Lane HC. Cutting edge: L-selectin (CD62L) expression distinguishes small resting memory CD4+ T cells that preferentially respond to recall antigen. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2003; 170:28-32. [PMID: 12496379 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.170.1.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Naive CD4+ T cells use L-selectin (CD62L) expression to facilitate immune surveillance. However, the reasons for its expression on a subset of memory CD4+ T cells are unknown. We show that memory CD4+ T cells expressing CD62L were smaller, proliferated well in response to tetanus toxoid, had longer telomeres, and expressed genes and proteins consistent with immune surveillance function. Conversely, memory CD4+ T cells lacking CD62L expression were larger, proliferated poorly in response to tetanus toxoid, had shorter telomeres, and expressed genes and proteins consistent with effector function. These findings suggest that CD62L expression facilitates immune surveillance by programming CD4+ T cell blood and lymph node recirculation, irrespective of naive or memory CD4+ T cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Hengel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20053, USA.
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27
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Epton MJ, Hales BJ, Thompson PJ, Thomas WR. T cell cytokine responses to outer membrane proteins of Haemophilus influenzae and the house dust mite allergens Der p 1 in allergic and non-allergic subjects. Clin Exp Allergy 2002; 32:1589-95. [PMID: 12569979 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2222.2002.01523.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Haemophilus influenzae are ubiquitous colonizers of the nasopharynx, Little is known about the T cell cytokine responses to the antigens of these bacteria and whether or not the responses may interact with responses to aeroallergen. OBJECTIVE To measure the T cell cytokine responses to conserved outer membrane protein antigens of Haemophilus influenzae and to house dust mite allergen of subjects allergic to the house dust mite and of subjects without allergic sensitization. METHODS T cell responses were measured by in vitro proliferation and cytokine release from peripheral blood monocytes (PBMC). The allergen used was Der p 1 and outer membrane proteins were recombinant polypeptides representing the OMP6 and D15 antigens. RESULTS The PBMC of most subjects had proliferative responses to OMP6 and D15, which were highly correlated. The pattern of cytokine release was Th1 biased with high levels of IFN-gamma and usually little IL-5 or IL-13 although PBMC from a few subjects did release IL-5 independent of allergic status. IL-10 release was readily detected. There was no difference in the anti-OMP cytokine response of PBMC from subjects without any known allergy and the responses of PBMC from subjects who were highly allergic to house dust mite. The responses to the Der p 1 allergen showed the expected Th2 cytokine release. CONCLUSION The outer membrane protein antigens of the ubiquitous colonizing bacteria Haemophilus influenzae induce Th1 cytokine responses which are similar for PBMC from non-allergic individuals and subjects with a high degree of allergy to the perennial house dust mite allergen and strong Th2 responses to Der p 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Epton
- Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, TVW Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, West Perth, Western Australia
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Kardar GA, Jeddi-Tehrani M, Shokri F. Diminished Th1 and Th2 cytokine production in healthy adult nonresponders to recombinant hepatitis B vaccine. Scand J Immunol 2002; 55:311-4. [PMID: 11940238 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3083.2002.01057.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination of healthy adults with recombinant hepatitis B (rHB) vaccine fails to induce a protective antibody response in a proportion of individuals. Imbalanced T-helper (Th)1/Th2 response has been attributed to the lack of specific antibody response to rHB vaccine. In this study, in vitro production of interleukin (IL)-2, interferon (IFN)-gamma and IL-10 was investigated in Iranian healthy adults vaccinated with rHB vaccine. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from 18 high responders and eight nonresponders and stimulated with rHB antigen or phytohaemaglutinin (PHA) mitogen. The cytokines were quantitated in culture supernatants by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Our results demonstrated a significant decrease in the production of IL-2, IFN-gamma and IL-10 (P < 0.005) in response to rHB antigen. The levels of all cytokines induced by PHA were similarly represented in both groups of vaccinees. These findings suggest that unresponsiveness to rHB vaccine may be owing to inadequate Th1- and Th2-like cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Kardar
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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