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Takagi K, Somiya M, Jung J, Iijima M, Kuroda S. Polymerized Albumin Receptor of Hepatitis B Virus for Evading the Reticuloendothelial System. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14050408. [PMID: 33923102 PMCID: PMC8145202 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Various strategies, such as optimization of surface chemistry, size, shape, and charge, have been undertaken to develop nanoparticles (NPs) as DDS (drug delivery system) nanocarriers for evading the reticuloendothelial system (RES) in vivo. We previously developed a hollow NP composed of hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen L proteins and lipid bilayers, hereinafter referred to as bio-nanocapsule (BNC), as a nonviral DDS nanocarrier. Such a BNC harbors the HBV-derived human hepatic cell-specific infection mechanism, and intravenously injected BNCs by themselves were shown to avoid clearance by RES-rich organs and accumulate in target tissues. In this study, since the surface modification with albumins is known to prolong the circulation time of nanomedicines, we examined whether the polymerized albumin receptor (PAR) of BNCs contributes to RES evasion in mouse liver. Our results show that NPs conjugated with peptides possessing sufficient PAR activity were captured by Kupffer cells less efficiently in vitro and were able to circulate for a longer period of time in vivo. Comparing with polyethylene glycol, PAR peptides were shown to reduce the recognition by RES to equal content. Taken together, our results strongly suggest that the PAR domain of BNCs, as well as HBV, harbors an innate RES evasion mechanism. Therefore, the surface modification with PAR peptides could be an alternative strategy for improving the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of forthcoming nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurumi Takagi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; (K.T.); (M.I.)
| | - Masaharu Somiya
- Department of Biomolecular Science and Reaction, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Osaka 567-0047, Japan;
| | - Joohee Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul 132-714, Korea;
| | - Masumi Iijima
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; (K.T.); (M.I.)
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Biosciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Shun’ichi Kuroda
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; (K.T.); (M.I.)
- Department of Biomolecular Science and Reaction, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Osaka 567-0047, Japan;
- Correspondence:
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Iijima M, Nakayama T, Kuroda S. Two-dimensional membrane scaffold for the oriented immobilization of biosensing molecules. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 150:111860. [PMID: 31735623 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The orientation and density of biosensing molecules on sensor chip should be precisely controlled to improve sensitivity and ligand-binding capacity. We previously developed a ~30-nm bio-nanocapsule (ZZ-BNC), consisting of the hepatitis B virus envelope L protein fused with the tandem form of protein A-derived IgG Fc-binding Z domain (ZZ-L protein). This is used as a robust nanoparticle scaffold to enhance the sensitivity and ligand-binding capacity of IgGs and Fc-fused sensing molecules (Fc-fused receptors). However, due to their rigid particle structure, the surface density of ZZ-L proteins could not be optimized for biosensor functions, and useless ZZ-L proteins become stuck between ZZ-BNC and the sensor chip. Here, we have developed a planar lipid membrane embedded with ZZ-L micelles (ZZ-L membrane), which could modify the surface of any biosensor chip with a controlled density of ZZ-L proteins. Compared with ZZ-BNC, the sensitivity and ligand-binding capacity of IgGs were enhanced about 10-fold with the ZZ-L membrane. Furthermore, the immobilized IgGs could capture their respective antigens almost stoichiometrically, indicating that ZZ-L membrane is the most ideal scaffold for Fc-fused sensing molecules in terms of both clustering and oriented immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumi Iijima
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan; Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Nakayama
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Shun'ichi Kuroda
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan.
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3
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Somiya M, Kuroda S. [DDS Nanocarriers Mimicking Early Infection Machinery of Viruses]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2020; 140:147-152. [PMID: 32009036 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.19-00187-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are natural nanocarriers that deliver various biological cargos, such as DNA, RNA, and proteins. We are developing a new nanocarrier by mimicking the early mechanism of infection by hepatitis B virus (HBV). When the HBV envelope L protein is overexpressed in yeast cells, hollow nanoparticles displaying L proteins are synthesized. This nanoparticle, namely a bio-nanocapsule (BNC), can specifically attach to, and then internalize into, human hepatic cells by implementing the early mechanism of infection by HBV. In this review, we outlined the cellular uptake mechanism of HBV/BNC linking to L protein function. The L protein contains several functional domains in the pre-S1 region, including the fusogenic domain and the heparin-binding domain. The fusogenic domain corresponding to the pre-S1(9-24) region is responsible for the low pH-dependent membrane fusion of BNC. The heparin-binding domain corresponding to the pre-S1(30-42) region has a strong affinity to heparin as compared to that of known heparin-binding peptides, such as vitronectin and gp120 in human immunodeficiency virus-1. This heparin-binding domain binds to heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) at the cell surface of human hepatic cells. These functional domains are present in any virus, thus, these viral envelope proteins are very useful in designing novel DDS nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaharu Somiya
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University
| | - Shun'ichi Kuroda
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University
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Ho JKT, Jeevan-Raj B, Netter HJ. Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Subviral Particles as Protective Vaccines and Vaccine Platforms. Viruses 2020; 12:v12020126. [PMID: 31973017 PMCID: PMC7077199 DOI: 10.3390/v12020126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B remains one of the major global health problems more than 40 years after the identification of human hepatitis B virus (HBV) as the causative agent. A critical turning point in combating this virus was the development of a preventative vaccine composed of the HBV surface (envelope) protein (HBsAg) to reduce the risk of new infections. The isolation of HBsAg sub-viral particles (SVPs) from the blood of asymptomatic HBV carriers as antigens for the first-generation vaccines, followed by the development of recombinant HBsAg SVPs produced in yeast as the antigenic components of the second-generation vaccines, represent landmark advancements in biotechnology and medicine. The ability of the HBsAg SVPs to accept and present foreign antigenic sequences provides the basis of a chimeric particulate delivery platform, and resulted in the development of a vaccine against malaria (RTS,S/AS01, MosquirixTM), and various preclinical vaccine candidates to overcome infectious diseases for which there are no effective vaccines. Biomedical modifications of the HBsAg subunits allowed the identification of strategies to enhance the HBsAg SVP immunogenicity to build potent vaccines for preventative and possibly therapeutic applications. The review provides an overview of the formation and assembly of the HBsAg SVPs and highlights the utilization of the particles in key effective vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Kha-Tu Ho
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL), Melbourne Health, The Peter Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia; (J.K.-T.H.); (B.J.-R.)
| | - Beena Jeevan-Raj
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL), Melbourne Health, The Peter Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia; (J.K.-T.H.); (B.J.-R.)
| | - Hans-Jürgen Netter
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL), Melbourne Health, The Peter Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia; (J.K.-T.H.); (B.J.-R.)
- Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, School of Science, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Koizumi K, Nakamura H, Iijima M, Matsuzaki T, Somiya M, Kumasawa K, Kimura T, Kuroda S. In vivo uterine local gene delivery system using TAT-displaying bionanocapsules. J Gene Med 2019; 21:e3140. [PMID: 31697013 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The uterus is an organ that is directly accessible via the transvaginal route, whereas the drug delivery system and the gene delivery system (GDS) for the uterus are very limited, even in animal models. In the present study, we optimized a bionanocapsule (BNC) comprising a hepatitis B virus envelope L-protein particle, for which a structurally similar particle has been used as an immunogen of a conventional HB vaccine worldwide for more than 30 years, as a local uterine GDS using a mouse model. METHODS To display various antibodies for re-targeting to different cells other than hepatic cells, the pre-S1 region of BNC was replaced with a tandem form of the protein A-derived immunoglobulin G Fc-interacting region (Z domain, ZZ-BNC). To induce strong cell adhesion after local administration into the uterine cavity, ZZ-BNC was modified with a transactivator of transcription (TAT) peptide. RESULTS Gene transfer using TAT-modified ZZ-BNC is approximately 5000- or 18-fold more efficient than the introduction of the same dose of naked DNAs or the use of the cationic liposomes, respectively. TAT-modified ZZ-BNC was rapidly eliminated from the uterus and had no effect on the pregnancy rate, litter size or fetal growth. CONCLUSIONS TAT-modified ZZ-BNC could be a useful GDS for uterine endometrial therapy via local uterine injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Koizumi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hitomi Nakamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masumi Iijima
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Biosciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Biomolecular Science and Reaction, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsuzaki
- Department of Biomolecular Science and Reaction, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaharu Somiya
- Department of Biomolecular Science and Reaction, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiichi Kumasawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shun'ichi Kuroda
- Department of Biomolecular Science and Reaction, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Sanada T, Yamamoto N, Kayesh MEH, Tsukiyama-Kohara K, Hasegawa H, Miyazaki T, Takano JI, Shiogama Y, Yasutomi Y, Goh Y, Yoshida O, Hiasa Y, Kohara M. Intranasal vaccination with HBs and HBc protein combined with carboxyl vinyl polymer induces strong neutralizing antibody, anti-HBs IgA, and IFNG response. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 520:86-92. [PMID: 31582218 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection causes acute and chronic hepatitis, which is a major public health concern worldwide. Immunization methods incorporating hepatitis B surface-small (HBs-S) antigen and hepatitis B core antigen (HBc) have been proposed as candidate therapeutic vaccines, but the elimination of existing HBV infection remains a challenge. To enhance the efficacy of HBs and HBc vaccination, we investigated HBs-large (HBs-L) as an immunogen, and carboxyl vinyl polymer (CVP) as an excipient. HBs-S or HBs-L, in combination with HBc antigen, was administered subcutaneously (without CVP) or intranasally (with or without CVP) for the evaluation of immune response in the tree shrew, which is considered to be a suitable small animal model of HBV infection. Immunization with HBs-L antigen by either route induced a rapid IgG response. Intranasal immunization with HBs-S or HBs-L and HBc formulated with CVP strongly induced neutralizing antibody activity, IgA response, and HBc-specific expression of the interferon gamma-encoding gene. These data indicated the potential of HBs-L and HBc intranasal immunization with CVP, not only as a therapeutic vaccine, but also as a prophylactic vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Sanada
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | | | - Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima-city, Kagoshima 890-8580, Japan
| | - Hideki Hasegawa
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Gakuen, Musashimurayama-city, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Takashi Miyazaki
- Toko Yakuhin Kogyo Co., Ltd., 20 Tsuji, Tateyama-machi, Toyama, 930-0211, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichiro Takano
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Hachimandai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0843, Japan
| | - Yumiko Shiogama
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Hachimandai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0843, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yasutomi
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Hachimandai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0843, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Goh
- Beacle, Inc., Yoshida-kawaracho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8305, Japan
| | - Osamu Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shizukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Yoichi Hiasa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shizukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Michinori Kohara
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan.
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7
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Prediction value of serum HBV large surface protein in different phases of HBV infection and virological response of chronic hepatitis B patients. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 481:12-19. [PMID: 29453971 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum HBV large surface protein (HBV-LP) is an envelope protein that has a close relationship with HBV DNA level. This study is to explore the prediction value of HBV-LP in different phase of HBV infection and during antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted in 2033 individuals, which included 1677 HBV infected patients in different phases and 356 healthy controls. HBV-LP, HBV serum markers and HBV DNA were detected by ELISA, CMIA and qRT-PCR, respectively. 85 CHB patients receiving PegIFNα or ETV were divided into virological response (VR) and partial virological response (PVR). The dynamic changes of HBV DNA and HBV-LP were observed. RESULTS The level of HBV-LP in 2033 individuals was shown as: HBeAg-positive hepatitis > HBeAg-positive infection > HBeAg-negative hepatitis > HBeAg-negative infection > healthy controls. HBV-LP was positive in all patients whose HBV DNA > 1.0E + 06 IU/ml. When HBsAg was <0.05 IU/ml or >1000 IU/ml, HBV DNAs were all negative if HBV-LP < 1.0 S/CO. When HBsAg was between 0.05 IU/ml and 1000 IU/ml, the consistency of HBV-LP with HBV DNA was 100% in case of HBV-LP > 4.0 S/CO in HBeAg-positive patients and HBV-LP > 2.0 S/CO in HBeAg-negative ones. During antiviral therapy, baseline HBV-LP was lower in VR patients than that in PVR patients. The optimal cut-off points to predict VR by baseline HBV-LP were 32.4 and 28.6 S/CO for HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative hepatitis patients, respectively. CONCLUSIONS HBV-LP may be a useful marker for distinguishing the different phases of HBV infection. Moreover, baseline HBV-LP level can be used for predicting VR of CHB patients.
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Shin SH, Park SS, Lee KJ, Ju EJ, Park J, Ko EJ, Jung J, Kuroda S, Hong SM, Hwang JJ, Lee JS, Song SY, Jeong SY, Choi EK. Preclinical evaluation of cisplatin-incorporated bio-nanocapsules as chemo-radiotherapy for human hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:2259-2266. [PMID: 28849069 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has continued to increase worldwide, and advanced HCC is difficult to treat using the currently available therapeutics. Chemoradiotherapy with cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum, CDDP) is expected to confer a curative benefit on HCC patients; however, its application is limited due to side-effects such as acute nephrotoxicity as well as the conventionally limited application of chemoradiotherapy for HCC. For the practical application of this drug in the clinical setting, we formulated a novel drug carrier-comprising bio-nanocapsule (BNC) and liposomal CDDP (BNC-LP-CDDP) that recognizes the human liver and releases CDDP. BNC-LP-CDDP showed selectively high cytotoxicity for HCC cells, and markedly reduced the survival fractions of HCC when combined with ionizing radiation (IR) treatment in in vitro assays. In particular, the treatment of mice bearing human HCC with BNC-LP-CDDP and 3 Gy IR showed 95.68% growth inhibition, whereas IR treatment alone showed 65.6% growth inhibition. Moreover, BNC-LP-CDDP led to the withdrawal of CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity. These results indicate that BNC-LP-CDDP in combination with IR markedly enhanced the chemo-radiotherapeutic efficacy and eliminated CDDP induced nephrotoxicity, thus, suggesting the potential for its clinical application as human HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seol Hwa Shin
- Institute for Innovative Cancer Research, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Soon Park
- Institute for Innovative Cancer Research, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Jin Lee
- Institute for Innovative Cancer Research, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Ju
- Institute for Innovative Cancer Research, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Park
- Institute for Innovative Cancer Research, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Ko
- Institute for Innovative Cancer Research, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohee Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 01369, Republic of Korea
| | - Shun'ich Kuroda
- Department of Bioengineering Science and Reaction, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR-Sanken) Osaka University, Osaka 567-0046, Japan
| | - Seung-Mo Hong
- Department of Pathology, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Jin Hwang
- Institute for Innovative Cancer Research, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Shin Lee
- Institute for Innovative Cancer Research, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Yeol Song
- Institute for Innovative Cancer Research, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Yun Jeong
- Institute for Innovative Cancer Research, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Choi
- Institute for Innovative Cancer Research, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
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Li H, Onbe K, Liu Q, Iijima M, Tatematsu K, Seno M, Tada H, Kuroda SI. Synthesis and assembly of Hepatitis B virus envelope protein-derived particles in Escherichia coli. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 490:155-160. [PMID: 28601634 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) envelope particles have been synthesized in eukaryotic cells (e.g., mammalian cells, insect cells, and yeast cells) as an HB vaccine immunogen and drug delivery system (DDS) nanocarrier. Many researchers had made attempts to synthesize the particles in Escherichia coli for minimize the cost and time for producing HBV envelope particles, but the protein was too deleterious to be synthesized in E. coli. In this study, we generated deletion mutants of HBV envelope L protein (389 amino acid residues (aa)) containing three transmembrane domains (TM1, TM2, TM3). The ΔNC mutant spanning from TM2 to N-terminal half of TM3 (from 237 aa to 335 aa) was found as a shortest form showing spontaneous particle formation. After the N-terminal end of ΔNC mutant was optimized by the N-end rule for E. coli expression, the modified ΔNC mutant (mΔNC) was efficiently expressed as particles in E. coli. The molecular mass of mΔNC particle was approx. 670 kDa, and the diameter was 28.5 ± 6.2 nm (mean ± SD, N = 61). The particle could react with anti-HBV envelope S protein antibody, indicating the particles exhibited S antigenic domain outside as well as HBV envelope particles. Taken together, the E. coli-derived mΔNC particles could be used as a substitute of eukaryotic cell-derived HBV envelope particles for versatile applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Keisuke Onbe
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Qiushi Liu
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Masumi Iijima
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Kenji Tatematsu
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Masaharu Seno
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hiroko Tada
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan; Advanced Science Research Center, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Shun' Ichi Kuroda
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan.
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10
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Scaffolds for oriented and close-packed immobilization of immunoglobulins. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 89:810-821. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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Kawamura R, Shimizu K, Matsumoto Y, Yamagishi A, Silberberg YR, Iijima M, Kuroda S, Fukazawa K, Ishihara K, Nakamura C. High efficiency penetration of antibody-immobilized nanoneedle thorough plasma membrane for in situ detection of cytoskeletal proteins in living cells. J Nanobiotechnology 2016; 14:74. [PMID: 27809857 PMCID: PMC5094046 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-016-0226-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The field of structural dynamics of cytoskeletons in living cells is gathering wide interest, since better understanding of cytoskeleton intracellular organization will provide us with not only insights into basic cell biology but may also enable development of new strategies in regenerative medicine and cancer therapy, fields in which cytoskeleton-dependent dynamics play a pivotal role. The nanoneedle technology is a powerful tool allowing for intracellular investigations, as it can be directly inserted into live cells by penetrating through the plasma membrane causing minimal damage to cells, under the precise manipulation using atomic force microscope. Modifications of the nanoneedles using antibodies have allowed for accurate mechanical detection of various cytoskeletal components, including actin, microtubules and intermediate filaments. However, successful penetration of the nanoneedle through the plasma membrane has been shown to vary greatly between different cell types and conditions. In an effort to overcome this problem and improve the success rate of nanoneedle insertion into the live cells, we have focused here on the fluidity of the membrane lipid bilayer, which may hinder nanoneedle penetration into the cytosolic environment. Results We aimed to reduce apparent fluidity of the membrane by either increasing the approach velocity or reducing experimental temperatures. Although changes in approach velocity did not have much effect, lowering the temperature was found to greatly improve the detection of unbinding forces, suggesting that alteration in the plasma membrane fluidity led to increase in nanoneedle penetration. Conclusions Operation at a lower temperature of 4 °C greatly improved the success rate of nanoneedle insertion to live cells at an optimized approach velocity, while it did not affect the binding of antibodies immobilized on the nanoneedle to vimentins for mechanical detection. As these experimental parameters can be applied to various cell types, these results may improve the versatility of the nanoneedle technology to other cell lines and platforms. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12951-016-0226-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kawamura
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central5 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - K Shimizu
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-26 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Y Matsumoto
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-26 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - A Yamagishi
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central5 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Y R Silberberg
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central5 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - M Iijima
- Department of Biomolecular Science and Reaction, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - S Kuroda
- Department of Biomolecular Science and Reaction, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - K Fukazawa
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan
| | - K Ishihara
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan
| | - C Nakamura
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central5 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan. .,Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-26 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan.
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12
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Liu Q, Somiya M, Kuroda S. Elucidation of the early infection machinery of hepatitis B virus by using bio-nanocapsule. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:8489-8496. [PMID: 27784961 PMCID: PMC5064030 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i38.8489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, hepatitis B virus (HBV), upon attaching to human hepatocytes, is considered to interact first with heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) via an antigenic loop of HBV envelope S protein. Then, it is promptly transferred to the sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) via the myristoylated N-terminal sequence of pre-S1 region (from Gly-2 to Gly-48, HBV genotype D), and it finally enters the cell by endocytosis. However, it is not clear how HSPG passes HBV to NTCP and how NTCP contributes to the cellular entry of HBV. Owing to the poor availability and the difficulty of manipulations, including fluorophore encapsulation, it has been nearly impossible to perform biochemical and cytochemical analyses using a substantial amount of HBV. A bio-nanocapsule (BNC), which is a hollow nanoparticle consisting of HBV envelope L protein, was efficiently synthesized in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Since BNC could encapsulate payloads (drugs, genes, proteins) and specifically enter human hepatic cells utilizing HBV-derived infection machinery, it could be used as a model of HBV infection to elucidate the early infection machinery. Recently, it was demonstrated that the N-terminal sequence of pre-S1 region (from Asn-9 to Gly-24) possesses low pH-dependent fusogenic activity, which might play a crucial role in the endosomal escape of BNC payloads and in the uncoating process of HBV. In this minireview, we describe a model in which each domain of the HBV L protein contributes to attachment onto human hepatic cells through HSPG, initiation of endocytosis, interaction with NTCP in endosomes, and consequent provocation of membrane fusion followed by endosomal escape.
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13
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Somiya M, Liu Q, Yoshimoto N, Iijima M, Tatematsu K, Nakai T, Okajima T, Kuroki K, Ueda K, Kuroda S. Cellular uptake of hepatitis B virus envelope L particles is independent of sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide, but dependent on heparan sulfate proteoglycan. Virology 2016; 497:23-32. [PMID: 27420796 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) was recently discovered as a hepatitis B virus (HBV) receptor, however, the detailed mechanism of HBV entry is not yet fully understood. We investigated the cellular entry pathway of HBV using recombinant HBV surface antigen L protein particles (bio-nanocapsules, BNCs). After the modification of L protein in BNCs with myristoyl group, myristoylated BNCs (Myr-BNCs) were found to bind to NTCP in vitro, and inhibit in vitro HBV infection competitively, suggesting that Myr-BNCs share NTCP-dependent infection machinery with HBV. Nevertheless, the cellular entry rates of Myr-BNCs and plasma-derived HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) particles were the same as those of BNCs in NTCP-overexpressing HepG2 cells. Moreover, the cellular entry of these particles was mainly driven by heparan sulfate proteoglycan-mediated endocytosis regardless of NTCP expression. Taken together, cell-surface NTCP may not be involved in the cellular uptake of HBV, while presumably intracellular NTCP plays a critical role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaharu Somiya
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Osaka 567-0047, Japan; Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Aichi 464-8601, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Qiushi Liu
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Osaka 567-0047, Japan; Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Nobuo Yoshimoto
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Masumi Iijima
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Kenji Tatematsu
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Tadashi Nakai
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Toshihide Okajima
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Kuroki
- Central Research Resource Branch, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Keiji Ueda
- Division of Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shun'ichi Kuroda
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Osaka 567-0047, Japan; Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Aichi 464-8601, Japan.
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14
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Bio-nanocapsule-based scaffold improves the sensitivity and ligand-binding capacity of mammalian receptors on the sensor chip. Biotechnol J 2016; 11:805-13. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201500443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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15
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Tatematsu K, Iijima M, Yoshimoto N, Nakai T, Okajima T, Kuroda S. Bio-nanocapsules displaying various immunoglobulins as an active targeting-based drug delivery system. Acta Biomater 2016; 35:238-47. [PMID: 26876802 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The bio-nanocapsule (BNC) is an approximately 30-nm particle comprising the hepatitis B virus (HBV) envelope L protein and a lipid bilayer. The L protein harbors the HBV-derived infection machinery; therefore, BNC can encapsulate payloads such as drugs, nucleic acids, and proteins and deliver them into human hepatocytes specifically in vitro and in vivo. To diversify the possible functions of BNC, we generated ZZ-BNC by replacing the domain indispensable for the human hepatotrophic property of BNC (N-terminal region of L protein) with the tandem form of the IgG Fc-binding Z domain of Staphylococcus aureus protein A. Thus, the ZZ-BNC is an active targeting-based drug delivery system (DDS) nanocarrier that depends on the specificity of the IgGs displayed. However, the Z domain limits the animal species and subtypes of IgGs that can be displayed on ZZ-BNC. In this study, we introduced into BNC an Ig κ light chain-binding B1 domain of Finegoldia magna protein L (protein-L B1 domain) and an Ig Fc-binding C2 domain of Streptococcus species protein G (protein-G C2 domain) to produce LG-BNC. The LL-BNC was constructed in a similar way using a tandem form of the protein-L B1 domain. Both LG-BNC and LL-BNC could display rat IgGs, mouse IgG1, human IgG3, and human IgM, all of which not binding to ZZ-BNC, and accumulate in target cells in an antibody specificity-dependent manner. Thus, these BNCs could display a broad spectrum of Igs, significantly improving the prospects for BNCs as active targeting-based DDS nanocarriers. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE We previously reported that ZZ-BNC, bio-nanocapsule deploying the IgG-binding Z domain of protein A, could display cell-specific antibody in an oriented immobilization manner, and act as an active targeting-based DDS nanocarrier. Since the Z domain can only bind to limited types of Igs, we generated BNCs deploying other Ig-binding domains: LL-BNC harboring the tandem form of Ig-binding domain of protein L, and LG-BNC harboring the Ig binding domains of protein L and protein G sequentially. Both BNCs could display a broader spectrum of Igs than does the ZZ-BNC. When these BNCs displayed anti-CD11c IgG or anti-EGFR IgG, both of which cannot bind to Z domain, they could bind to and then enter their respective target cells.
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Somiya M, Kuroda S. Development of a virus-mimicking nanocarrier for drug delivery systems: The bio-nanocapsule. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 95:77-89. [PMID: 26482188 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
As drug delivery systems, nanocarriers should be capable of executing the following functions: evasion of the host immune system, targeting to the diseased site, entering cells, escaping from endosomes, and releasing payloads into the cytoplasm. Since viruses perform some or all of these functions, they are considered naturally occurring nanocarriers. To achieve biomimicry of the hepatitis B virus (HBV), we generated the "bio-nanocapsule" (BNC)-which deploys the human hepatocyte-targeting domain, fusogenic domain, and polymerized-albumin receptor domain of HBV envelope L protein on its surface-by overexpressing the L protein in yeast cells. BNCs are capable of delivering various payloads to the cytoplasm of human hepatic cells specifically in vivo, which is achieved via formation of complexes with various materials (e.g., drugs, nucleic acids, and proteins) by electroporation, fusion with liposomes, or chemical modification. In this review, we describe BNC-related technology, discuss retargeting strategies for BNCs, and outline other virus-inspired nanocarriers.
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17
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Liu Q, Jung J, Somiya M, Iijima M, Yoshimoto N, Niimi T, Maturana AD, Shin SH, Jeong SY, Choi EK, Kuroda S. Virosomes of hepatitis B virus envelope L proteins containing doxorubicin: synergistic enhancement of human liver-specific antitumor growth activity by radiotherapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:4159-72. [PMID: 26203243 PMCID: PMC4487236 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s84295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bionanocapsules (BNCs) are hollow nanoparticles consisting of hepatitis B virus (HBV) envelope L proteins and have been shown to deliver drugs and genes specifically to human hepatic tissues by utilizing HBV-derived infection machinery. The complex of BNCs with liposomes (LPs), the BNC-LP complexes (a LP surrounded by BNCs in a rugged spherical form), could also become active targeting nanocarriers by the BNC function. In this study, under acidic conditions and high temperature, BNCs were found to fully fuse with LPs (smooth-surfaced spherical form), deploying L proteins with a membrane topology similar to that of BNCs (ie, virosomes displaying L proteins). Doxorubicin (DOX) was efficiently encapsulated via the remote loading method at 14.2%±1.0% of total lipid weight (mean ± SD, n=3), with a capsule size of 118.2±4.7 nm and a ζ-potential of -51.1±1.0 mV (mean ± SD, n=5). When mammalian cells were exposed to the virosomes, the virosomes showed strong cytotoxicity in human hepatic cells (target cells of BNCs), but not in human colon cancer cells (nontarget cells of BNCs), whereas LPs containing DOX and DOXOVES (structurally stabilized PEGylated LPs containing DOX) did not show strong cytotoxicity in either cell type. Furthermore, the virosomes preferentially delivered DOX to the nuclei of human hepatic cells. Xenograft mice harboring either target or nontarget cell-derived tumors were injected twice intravenously with the virosomes containing DOX at a low dose (2.3 mg/kg as DOX, 5 days interval). The growth of target cell-derived tumors was retarded effectively and specifically. Next, the combination of high dose (10.0 mg/kg as DOX, once) with tumor-specific radiotherapy (3 Gy, once after 2 hours) exhibited the most effective antitumor growth activity in mice harboring target cell-derived tumors. These results demonstrated that the HBV-based virosomes containing DOX could be an effective antitumor nanomedicine specific to human hepatic tissues, especially in combination with radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushi Liu
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Joohee Jung
- Institute for Innovative Cancer Research, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Masaharu Somiya
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masumi Iijima
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Nobuo Yoshimoto
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Niimi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Andrés D Maturana
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Seol Hwa Shin
- Institute for Innovative Cancer Research, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- ASAN Institute for Life Sciences, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Yun Jeong
- Institute for Innovative Cancer Research, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- ASAN Institute for Life Sciences, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Choi
- Institute for Innovative Cancer Research, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiation Oncology, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Development and Commercialization of Anti-Cancer Therapeutics, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shun’ichi Kuroda
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Japan
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Intracellular trafficking of bio-nanocapsule-liposome complex: Identification of fusogenic activity in the pre-S1 region of hepatitis B virus surface antigen L protein. J Control Release 2015; 212:10-8. [PMID: 26074149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bio-nanocapsules (BNCs) are a hollow nanoparticle consisting of about 100-nm liposome (LP) embedding about 110 molecules of hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) L protein as a transmembrane protein. Owing to the human hepatocyte-recognizing domains on the N-terminal region (pre-S1 region), BNCs have recently been shown to attach and enter into human hepatic cells using the early infection mechanism of HBV. Since BNCs could form a complex with an LP containing various drugs and genes, BNC-LP complexes have been used as a human hepatic cell-specific drug and gene-delivery system in vitro and in vivo. However, the role of BNCs in cell entry and intracellular trafficking of payloads in BNC-LP complexes has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we demonstrate that low pH-dependent fusogenic activity resides in the N-terminal part of pre-S1 region (NPLGFFPDHQLDPAFG), of which the first FF residues are essential for the activity, and which facilitates membrane fusion between LPs in vitro. Moreover, BNC-LP complexes can bind human hepatic cells specifically, enter into the cells via clathrin-mediated endocytosis, and release their payloads mostly into the cytoplasm. Taken together, the BNC portion of BNC-LP complexes can induce membrane fusion between LPs and endosomal membranes under low pH conditions, and thereby facilitate the endosomal escape of payloads. Furthermore, the fusogenic domain of the pre-S1 region of HBsAg L protein may play a pivotal role in the intracellular trafficking of not only BNC-LP complexes but also of HBV.
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Ohno M, Otsuka M, Kishikawa T, Shibata C, Yoshikawa T, Takata A, Muroyama R, Kowatari N, Sato M, Kato N, Kuroda S, Koike K. Specific delivery of microRNA93 into HBV-replicating hepatocytes downregulates protein expression of liver cancer susceptible gene MICA. Oncotarget 2015; 5:5581-90. [PMID: 25026299 PMCID: PMC4170619 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To date, the lack of efficient in vitro systems supporting HBV infection and replication has been a major limitation of HBV research. Although primary human hepatocytes support the complete HBV life cycle, their limited availability and difficulties with gene transduction remain problematic. Here, we used human primary hepatocytes isolated from humanized chimeric uPA/SCID mice as efficient sources. These hepatocytes supported HBV replication in vitro. Based on analyses of mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) expression levels in HBV-infected hepatocytes, miRNA93 was significantly downregulated during HBV infection. MiRNA93 is critical for regulating the expression levels of MICA protein, which is a determinant for HBV-induced HCC susceptibility. Exogenous addition of miRNA93 in HBV-infected hepatocytes using bionanocapsules consisted of HBV envelope L proteins restored MICA protein expression levels in the supernatant. These results suggest that the rescued suppression of soluble MICA protein levels by miRNA93 targeted to HBV-infected hepatocytes using bionanocapsules may be useful for the prevention of HBV-induced HCC by altering deregulated miRNA93 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoko Ohno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Motoyuki Otsuka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Takahiro Kishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chikako Shibata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yoshikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akemi Takata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Muroyama
- Unit of Disease Control Genome Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norie Kowatari
- Unit of Disease Control Genome Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoya Kato
- Unit of Disease Control Genome Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun'ichi Kuroda
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Obeng-Adjei N, Hutnick NA, Yan J, Chu JS, Myles DJF, Morrow MP, Sardesai NY, Weiner DB. DNA vaccine cocktail expressing genotype A and C HBV surface and consensus core antigens generates robust cytotoxic and antibody responses in mice and Rhesus macaques. Cancer Gene Ther 2013; 20:652-62. [PMID: 24310062 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2013.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There are well over a quarter of a billion chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers across the globe. Most carriers are at high risk for development of liver cirrhosis and subsequent progression to hepatocellular carcinoma. It is therefore imperative to develop new approaches for immunotherapy against this infection. Antibodies and cytotoxic T cells to different HBV antigens are believed to be important for reducing viral load and clearing HBV-infected cells from the liver. Some of the major challenges facing current vaccine candidates have been their inability to induce both humoral and cellular immunity to multiple antigenic targets and the induction of potent immune responses against the major genotypes of HBV. In this study, highly optimized synthetic DNA plasmids against the HBV consensus core (HBc) and surface (HBs) antigens genotypes A and C were developed and evaluated for their immune potential. These plasmids, which encode the most prevalent genotypes of the virus, were observed to individually induce binding antibodies to HBs antigens and drove robust cell-mediated immunity in animal models. Similar responses to both HBc and HBs antigens were observed when mice and non-human primates were inoculated with the HBc-HBs cocktails. In addition to the cytotoxic T lymphocyte activities exhibited by the immunized mice, the vaccine-induced responses were broadly distributed across multiple antigenic epitopes. These elements are believed to be important to develop an effective therapeutic vaccine. These data support further evaluation of multivalent synthetic plasmids as therapeutic HBV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Obeng-Adjei
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - N A Hutnick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Yan
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc., Blue Bell, PA, USA
| | - J S Chu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - D J F Myles
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M P Morrow
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc., Blue Bell, PA, USA
| | | | - D B Weiner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Hadiji-Abbes N, Borchani-Chabchoub I, Gargouri A, Mokdad-Gargouri R. Negative control glucose dependent mediated by the PreS2 region on the translation efficiency of the reporter Sh-bleomycin gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Yeast Res 2013; 14:357-63. [PMID: 24151821 DOI: 10.1111/1567-1364.12117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is able to sense and respond to environmental changes such as the availability of carbon sources. In a previous work, we showed that the expression of the PreS2-S gene of HBV in yeast was negatively regulated at the translational level dependent of glucose. In this study, we show that the S mRNA is detected in the polysomes indicating its active translation, while the PreS2-S mRNA was mainly found in monosomes. Moreover, we used the gene reporter assay based on Zeocin resistance, to better characterize the PreS2 region responsible for this control. Two chimeric genes composed of the N- and C-terminal part of the PreS2 fused to the Sh-bleomycin gene conferring the resistance to Zeocin were expressed in yeast. We found that the strain expressing the N-terminal part of the PreS2 was sensitive to Zeocin on rich medium with 2% glucose. In contrast, the strain harbouring the C-terminal part of the PreS2 fused to the Sh-bleomycin grew on Zeocin, indicating that the Sh-bleomycin mRNA is efficiently translated, subsequently conferring resistance to Zeocin. Our data suggest the establishment of a translational control via the N-terminal part of the PreS2 mediated by the presence of 2% glucose in the media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Hadiji-Abbes
- Laboratory of Biomass Valorisation and Production of Eukaryotic Proteins, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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22
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Miyata T, Tafuku S, Harakuni T, Tadano M, Yoshimoto N, Iijima M, Matsuo H, Matsuzaki G, Kuroda S, Arakawa T. A bio-nanocapsule containing envelope protein domain III of Japanese encephalitis virus protects mice against lethal Japanese encephalitis virus infection. Microbiol Immunol 2013; 57:470-7. [DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Miyata
- Molecular Microbiology Group; Department of Tropical Infectious Diseases, COMB, Tropical Biosphere Research Center; Japan
| | | | - Tetsuya Harakuni
- Molecular Microbiology Group; Department of Tropical Infectious Diseases, COMB, Tropical Biosphere Research Center; Japan
| | - Masayuki Tadano
- Department of Molecular Virology; Graduate School of Medicine; University of the Ryukyus; 207 Uehara; Nishihara; Okinawa; 903-0215; Japan
| | - Nobuo Yoshimoto
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences; Nagoya University; Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku; Nagoya; 464-8601; Japan
| | - Masumi Iijima
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences; Nagoya University; Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku; Nagoya; 464-8601; Japan
| | - Hidenori Matsuo
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences; Nagoya University; Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku; Nagoya; 464-8601; Japan
| | | | - Shun'ichi Kuroda
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences; Nagoya University; Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku; Nagoya; 464-8601; Japan
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23
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The twenty-year story of a plant-based vaccine against hepatitis B: stagnation or promising prospects? Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:1978-98. [PMID: 23337199 PMCID: PMC3565360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14011978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B persists as a common human disease despite effective vaccines having been employed for almost 30 years. Plants were considered as alternative sources of vaccines, to be mainly orally administered. Despite 20-year attempts, no real anti-HBV plant-based vaccine has been developed. Immunization trials, based on ingestion of raw plant tissue and conjugated with injection or exclusively oral administration of lyophilized tissue, were either impractical or insufficient due to oral tolerance acquisition. Plant-produced purified HBV antigens were highly immunogenic when injected, but their yields were initially insufficient for practical purposes. However, knowledge and technology have progressed, hence new plant-derived anti-HBV vaccines can be proposed today. All HBV antigens can be efficiently produced in stable or transient expression systems. Processing of injection vaccines has been developed and needs only to be successfully completed. Purified antigens can be used for injection in an equivalent manner to the present commercial vaccines. Although oral vaccines require improvement, plant tissue, lyophilized or extracted and converted into tablets, etc., may serve as a boosting vaccine. Preliminary data indicate also that both vaccines can be combined in an effective parenteral-oral immunization procedure. A partial substitution of injection vaccines with oral formulations still offers good prospects for economically viable and efficacious anti-HBV plant-based vaccines.
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Hadiji-Abbes N, Martin M, Benzina W, Karray-Hakim H, Gergely C, Gargouri A, Mokdad-Gargouri R. Extraction and purification of hepatitis B virus-like M particles from a recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain using alumina powder. J Virol Methods 2013; 187:132-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Matsuo H, Yoshimoto N, Iijima M, Niimi T, Jung J, Jeong SY, Choi EK, Sewaki T, Arakawa T, Kuroda S. Engineered hepatitis B virus surface antigen L protein particles for in vivo active targeting of splenic dendritic cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:3341-50. [PMID: 22848163 PMCID: PMC3405891 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s32813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are key regulators of adaptive T-cell responses. By capturing exogenous antigens and presenting antigen-derived peptides via major histocompatibility complex molecules to naïve T cells, DCs induce antigen-specific immune responses in vivo. In order to induce effective host immune responses, active delivery of exogenous antigens to DCs is considered important for future vaccine development. We recently generated bionanocapsules (BNCs) consisting of hepatitis B virus surface antigens that mediate stringent in vivo cell targeting and efficient endosomal escape, and after the fusion with liposomes (LP) containing therapeutic materials, the BNC-LP complexes deliver them to human liver-derived tissues in vivo. BNCs were further modified to present the immunoglobulin G (IgG) Fc-interacting domain (Z domain) derived from Staphylococcus aureus protein A in tandem. When mixed with IgGs, modified BNCs (ZZ-BNCs) displayed the IgG Fv regions outwardly for efficient binding to antigens in an oriented-immobilization manner. Due to the affinity of the displayed IgGs, the IgG-ZZ-BNC complexes accumulated in specific cells and tissues in vitro and in vivo. After mixing ZZ-BNCs with antibodies against DCs, we used immunocytochemistry to examine which antibodies delivered ZZ-BNCs to mouse splenic DCs following intravenous injection of the ZZ-BNCs. ZZ-BNCs displaying anti-CD11c monoclonal antibodies (α-CD11c-ZZ-BNCs) were found to accumulate with approximately 62% of splenic DCs, and reside within some of them. After the fusion with liposomes containing antigens, the α-CD11c-ZZ-BNCs could elicit the respective antibodies more efficiently than other nontargeting control vaccines, suggesting that this DC-specific nanocarrier is promising for future vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Matsuo
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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Yamada T, Jung J, Seno M, Kondo A, Ueda M, Tanizawa K, Kuroda S. Electroporation and use of hepatitis B virus envelope L proteins as bionanocapsules. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2012; 2012:702-705. [PMID: 22661433 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot069534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) envelope L proteins, when synthesized in yeast cells, form a hollow bionanocapsule (BNC) in which genes (including large plasmids up to 40 kbp), small interfering RNA (siRNA), drugs, and proteins can be enclosed by electroporation. BNCs made from L proteins have several advantages as a delivery system: Because they display a human liver-specific receptor (the pre-S region of the L protein) on their surface, BNCs can efficiently and specifically deliver their contents to human liver-derived cells and tissues ex vivo (in cell culture) and in vivo (in a mouse xenograft model). Retargeting can be achieved simply by substituting other biorecognition molecules such as antibodies, ligands, receptors, and homing peptides for the pre-S region. In addition, BNCs have already been proven to be safe for use in humans during their development as an immunogen of hepatitis B vaccine. This protocol describes the loading of BNCs and their use in cell culture and in vivo.
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Pniewski T, Kapusta J, Bociąg P, Kostrzak A, Fedorowicz-Strońska O, Czyż M, Gdula M, Krajewski P, Wolko B, Płucienniczak A. Plant expression, lyophilisation and storage of HBV medium and large surface antigens for a prototype oral vaccine formulation. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2012; 31:585-95. [PMID: 22246107 PMCID: PMC3277690 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-011-1223-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Current immunisation programmes against hepatitis B virus (HBV) increasingly often involve novel tri-component vaccines containing-together with the small (S-HBsAg)-also medium and large surface antigens of HBV (M- and L-HBsAg). Plants producing all HBsAg proteins can be a source of components for a potential oral 'triple' anti-HBV vaccine. The objective of the presented research was to study the potential of M/L-HBsAg expression in leaf tissue and conditions of its processing for a prototype oral vaccine. Tobacco and lettuce carrying M- or L-HBsAg genes and resistant to the herbicide glufosinate were engineered and integration of the transgenes was verified by PCR and Southern hybridizations. M- and L-HBsAg expression was confirmed by Western blot and assayed by ELISA at the level of micrograms per g of fresh weight. The antigens displayed a common S domain and characteristic domains preS2 and preS1 and were assembled into virus-like particles (VLPs). Leaf tissues containing M- and L-HBsAg were lyophilised to produce a starting material of an orally administered vaccine formula. The antigens were distinctly sensitive to freeze-drying conditions and storage temperature, in the aspect of stability of S and preS domains and formation of multimeric particles. Efficiency of lyophilisation and storage depended also on the initial antigen content in plant tissue, yet M-HBsAg appeared to be approximately 1.5-2 times more stable than L-HBsAg. The results of the study provide indications concerning the preparation of two other constituents, next to S-HBsAg, for a plant-derived prototype oral tri-component vaccine against hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Pniewski
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznan, Poland.
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Iijima M, Matsuzaki T, Yoshimoto N, Niimi T, Tanizawa K, Kuroda S. Fluorophore-labeled nanocapsules displaying IgG Fc-binding domains for the simultaneous detection of multiple antigens. Biomaterials 2011; 32:9011-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hepatitis B virus envelope L protein-derived bio-nanocapsules: mechanisms of cellular attachment and entry into human hepatic cells. J Control Release 2011; 160:322-9. [PMID: 22100387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A bio-nanocapsule (BNC) is a hollow nanoparticle consisting of an approximately 100-nm-diameter liposome with about 110 molecules of hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen L protein embedded as a transmembrane protein. BNC can encapsulate various drugs and genes and deliver them specifically to human hepatic cells based on the ability of HBV to recognize human hepatocyte, which is integrated in the N-terminal region of L protein. However, it is elusive whether the cellular attachment and entry into hepatic cells of BNC utilize the early infection mechanism of HBV. In this study, we have found that while all human hepatic cells show distinct affinities for BNC compared to non-hepatic cells, primary hepatocytes shows the highest efficiency for cellular binding and incorporation of BNC. Amounts of BNCs bound weakly and strongly to cell membranes and those entered into the cells varied significantly depending on the types of human hepatic cells. The weak and strong binding modes of BNC are likely mediated through binding to two distinct HBV receptors (heparin-mediated low-affinity and unidentified high-affinity receptors), which play major roles in the early infection mechanism of HBV. The rates of cellular uptake of BNC are similar to those reported for HBV. The BNCs incorporated into the cells are swiftly sorted to either early endosomes or macropinosomes and then to late endosomes and/or lysosomes. These findings strongly suggest that BNC is bound to and incorporated into human hepatic cells according to the early infection mechanism of HBV.
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Morefield GL. A rational, systematic approach for the development of vaccine formulations. AAPS J 2011; 13:191-200. [PMID: 21347616 PMCID: PMC3085699 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-011-9261-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
With the continuous emergence of new infectious diseases and new strains of current diseases, such as the novel H1N1 influenza in 2009, in combination with expanding competition in the vaccine marketplace, the pressure to develop vaccine formulations right the first time is increasing. As vaccines are complex, costly, and have high risk associated with their development, it is necessary to maximize the potential for development of a successful formulation quickly. To accomplish this goal, the historical empirical approach to formulation development needs to be updated with a rational, systematic approach allowing for more rapid development of safe, efficacious, and stable vaccine formulations. The main components to this approach are biophysical characterization of the antigen, evaluation of stabilizers, investigation of antigen interactions with adjuvants, evaluation of product contact materials, and monitoring stability both in real time and under accelerated conditions. An overview of investigations performed for each of these components of formulation development is discussed. The information gained in these studies is valuable in forming the base of knowledge for the design of a robust formulation. With the use of continually advancing technology in combination with maintaining a rational, systematic approach to formulation development, there is a great increase in the probability of successfully developing a safe, effective, and stable vaccine formulation.
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Jung J, Iijima M, Yoshimoto N, Sasaki M, Niimi T, Tatematsu K, Jeong SY, Choi EK, Tanizawa K, Kuroda S. Efficient and rapid purification of drug- and gene-carrying bio-nanocapsules, hepatitis B virus surface antigen L particles, from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Protein Expr Purif 2011; 78:149-55. [PMID: 21515381 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2011.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Bio-nanocapsules (BNCs) are hollow particles (approx. 50 nm diameter) consisting of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) large (L, pre-S1+pre-S2+S) proteins embedded in a unilamellar liposome, sharing the same transmembrane S region with an immunogen of hepatitis B vaccine (i.e., HBsAg small (S) protein particle). BNCs can incorporate drugs and genes into the hollow space and systemic administration of the BNCs can deliver the products to human liver via the human hepatocyte-specific receptor within the pre-S (pre-S1+pre-S2) region displayed on BNC's surface. Thus, BNCs are expected to offer efficient and safe non-viral nanocarriers to deliver human liver-specific genes and drugs. To date, BNCs have been purified from the crude extract of BNC-overexpressing yeast cells by fractionation with polyethylene glycol followed by one CsCl equilibrium and two sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation steps. However, the process was inefficient in terms of yield and time, and was not suitable for mass production because of the ultracentrifugation step. Furthermore, trace contamination with yeast-derived proteinases degraded the pre-S region, which is indispensable for liver-targeting, during long-term storage. In this study, we developed a new purification method involving heat treatment and sulfated cellulofine column chromatography to facilitate rapid purification, completely remove proteinases, and enable mass production. In addition, the BNCs were functional for at least 14 months after lyophilization with 5% (w/v) sucrose as an excipient. This new process will significantly contribute to the development of forthcoming BNC-based nanomedicines as well as hepatitis B vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joohee Jung
- Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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Shishido T, Mieda H, Hwang SY, Nishimura Y, Tanaka T, Ogino C, Fukuda H, Kondo A. Affibody-displaying bionanocapsules for specific drug delivery to HER2-expressing cancer cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:5726-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Revised: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 08/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Shen M, Wang S, Ge G, Xing Y, Ma X, Huang Z, Lu S. Profiles of B and T cell immune responses elicited by different forms of the hepatitis B virus surface antigen. Vaccine 2010; 28:7288-96. [PMID: 20831917 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.08.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Revised: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 08/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Gene-based hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccines have been proposed as a novel approach to improve the immunogenicity toward non-responders and to allow for protection against potential viral escape mutants. Furthermore, there is significant interest in using DNA or viral vector vaccines to serve as therapeutic agents to treat chronic HBV infections that are resistant to existing drug therapies. However, the key protective antigen of HBV, the surface protein (HBsAg), can be expressed in three different sizes due to its multiple translational initiation sites: small, middle, and large forms of HBsAg. It is not clear whether the immunogenicity of these HBsAg is same, especially their ability to elicit HBsAg-specific B cell and T cell immune responses in addition to the traditional serum HBsAg-specific antibody responses. In the current study, the immunogenicity of three forms of HBsAg DNA vaccines was analyzed individually in a mouse model. Our results indicated that different forms of the HBsAg have unique immunogenicity profiles and this information is useful for the selection of optimal gene-based HBV vaccines for further improved prophylactic and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilong Shen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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Zhang S, Zhao Y, Zhao B, Wang B. Hybrids of Nonviral Vectors for Gene Delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2010; 21:1003-9. [DOI: 10.1021/bc900261c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shubiao Zhang
- SEAC-ME Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, College of Life Science, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian 116600, Liaoning, China
| | - Yinan Zhao
- SEAC-ME Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, College of Life Science, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian 116600, Liaoning, China
| | - Budiao Zhao
- SEAC-ME Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, College of Life Science, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian 116600, Liaoning, China
| | - Bing Wang
- SEAC-ME Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, College of Life Science, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian 116600, Liaoning, China
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Sanyal G, Shi L. A review of multiple approaches towards an improved hepatitis B vaccine. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2009; 19:59-72. [PMID: 19441898 DOI: 10.1517/13543770802587226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B is a DNA virus that can cause liver inflammation, cirrhosis, and cancer in chronically infected and symptomatic carriers. Antiviral treatments are usually limited in their effectiveness in treating the disease states. Vaccination against hepatitis B in pediatric and adolescent populations has proven to be a generally effective means for preventing diseases that could be potentially caused by this virus. Some 5 - 10% of the vaccinees do not develop protective immunity against the virus. Therefore, a significant amount of effort has been made in many research laboratories across the world to increase the potency of the vaccine by various innovative means, e.g., increasing the immunogenicity of the antigen or through introduction of novel adjuvants that elicit strong humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. OBJECTIVES/METHODS The objective of this review is to highlight publications of significant developments that have been made over the past decade and efforts that are continuing towards producing an improved vaccine. A number of patents that protect novel hepatitis B vaccine formulations, including those claiming novel hepatitis B core antigen formulations and combinations of a vaccine with small molecule therapeutics, are discussed. CONCLUSION There have been promising developments in the area of new adjuvants and delivery systems. The practical need for reducing the total number of childhood vaccinations has driven development of, and patent filings on, multivalent and combination vaccine formulations in which the hepatitis B vaccine is included as one component. Efforts and some advances have also been made in the critical area of therapeutic application of the vaccine. The existence of a large population of already infected patients and the inadequacy of most of the current antiviral drugs against hepatitis B diseases have also inspired efforts to produce a vaccine that would be efficacious in clearing an exiting infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Sanyal
- Infection Discovery, AstraZeneca R&D Boston, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA 02451, USA.
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Expression of HBsAg and preS2-S protein in different yeast based system: A comparative analysis. Protein Expr Purif 2009; 66:131-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2009.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2008] [Revised: 02/24/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kasuya T, Kuroda S. Nanoparticles for human liver-specific drug and gene delivery systems: in vitro and in vivo advances. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2009; 6:39-52. [PMID: 19236207 DOI: 10.1517/17425240802622096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A wide variety of nanoparticles (NPs) that can deliver incorporated therapeutic materials such as compounds, proteins, genes and siRNAs to the human liver have been developed to treat liver-related diseases. This review describes NP-based drug and gene delivery systems such as liposomes (including lipoplex), polymer micelles, polymers (including polyplex) and viral vectors. It focuses upon the modification of these NPs to enhance liver specificity or delivery efficiency in vitro and in vivo. We discuss recent advances in drug and gene delivery systems specific to the human liver utilizing bio-nanocapsules comprising hepatitis B virus (HBV) envelope L protein, which has a pivotal role in HBV infection. These NP-based medicines may offer novel strategies for the treatment of liver-related diseases and contribute to the development of nanomedicines targeting other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kasuya
- Osaka University, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Department of Structural Molecular Biology, Ibaraki, Japan
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Shishido T, Yonezawa D, Iwata K, Tanaka T, Ogino C, Fukuda H, Kondo A. Construction of arginine-rich peptide displaying bionanocapsules. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:1473-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2008] [Revised: 12/22/2008] [Accepted: 01/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Chapter 8 - Bio-nanocapsule-liposome conjugates for in vivo pinpoint drug and gene delivery. Methods Enzymol 2009; 464:147-66. [PMID: 19903554 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(09)64008-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A bio-nanocapsule (BNC) is an ~50-nm hepatitis B virus (HBV) subviral particle comprising HBV envelope L proteins and a lipid bilayer, and is synthesized in recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae. When BNCs are administered intravenously in a mouse xenograft model, they can accumulate specifically in human liver-derived tissues and enter cells efficiently by the HBV-derived human liver-specific infection machinery, localized at the outer-membrane pre-S region of the L protein. BNC specificity for the human liver can be altered to other tissues by substituting the pre-S region using targeting molecules (e.g., antibodies, lectins, cytokines). BNCs can spontaneously form complexes with liposomes (LPs) by the membrane fusogenic activity of the pre-S region. LPs containing various therapeutic materials (e.g., chemicals, proteins, DNA, RNA) can therefore be covered with BNCs to form an ~150-nm BNC-LP conjugate. BNC-LP conjugates injected intravenously can deliver incorporated materials to target tissues specifically and efficiently by utilizing the HBV-derived infection machinery. The stability of BNC-LP conjugates in the blood circulation is similar to that of PEGylated LPs. In this chapter, we describe the preparation and in vivo application of BNC-LP conjugates, and the potential of BNC-LP conjugates as in vivo pinpoint drug delivery systems.
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Kasuya T, Nomura S, Matsuzaki T, Jung J, Yamada T, Tatematsu K, Okajima T, Tanizawa K, Kuroda S. Expression of squamous cell carcinoma antigen-1 in liver enhances the uptake of hepatitis B virus envelope-derived bio-nanocapsules in transgenic rats. FEBS J 2008; 275:5714-24. [PMID: 18959756 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06698.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We previously developed the bio-nanocapsule, which consists of hepatitis B virus envelope L proteins. The bio-nanocapsule can be used to deliver genes and drugs specifically to the human liver-derived tissues in xenograft models, presumably by utilizing the human liver-specific mechanism of hepatitis B virus infection. The hepatitis B virus tropism is highly restricted to humans and higher primates. Thus, to evaluate the in vivo therapeutic effects of forthcoming bio-nanocapsule-based medicines, it will be crucial to develop an animal model whose liver is susceptible to both bio-nanocapsule and hepatitis B virus. In the present study, we aimed to establish a bio-nanocapsule-susceptible animal model using transgenic rats expressing squamous cell carcinoma antigen-1 (SCCA1), which has been proposed to be a receptor for hepatitis B virus, interacting with the hepatitis B virus envelope protein and enhancing the cellular uptake of hepatitis B virus. We show that the recombinant SCCA1 protein interacts directly with bio-nanocapsule and inhibits its attachment to the cultured human liver-derived cells. Furthermore, we have established a transgenic rat that specifically expresses SCCA1 in the liver and also demonstrate that the amount of bio-nanocapsule accumulated in the liver is significantly increased by the SCCA1 expression. Histological analysis suggests that bio-nanocapsule is preferentially incorporated into the SCCA1-expressing hepatocytes but not into macrophages, such as Küppfer cells, nor into endothelial cells. Therefore, this animal model is expected to be useful for the development of bio-nanocapsule-based medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kasuya
- Department of Structural Molecular Biology, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Japan
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Kurata N, Shishido T, Muraoka M, Tanaka T, Ogino C, Fukuda H, Kondo A. Specific Protein Delivery to Target Cells by Antibody-displaying Bionanocapsules. J Biochem 2008; 144:701-7. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvn131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Kasuya T, Jung J, Kadoya H, Matsuzaki T, Tatematsu K, Okajima T, Miyoshi E, Tanizawa K, Kuroda S. In VivoDelivery of Bionanocapsules DisplayingPhaseolus vulgarisAgglutinin-L4Isolectin to Malignant Tumors OverexpressingN-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase V. Hum Gene Ther 2008; 19:887-95. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2008.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kasuya
- Department of Structural Molecular Biology, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Joohee Jung
- Department of Structural Molecular Biology, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Kadoya
- Department of Structural Molecular Biology, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsuzaki
- Department of Structural Molecular Biology, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Kenji Tatematsu
- Department of Structural Molecular Biology, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Toshihide Okajima
- Department of Structural Molecular Biology, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Eiji Miyoshi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Tanizawa
- Department of Structural Molecular Biology, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Shun'ichi Kuroda
- Department of Structural Molecular Biology, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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Bio-nanocapsule conjugated with liposomes for in vivo pinpoint delivery of various materials. J Control Release 2007; 126:255-64. [PMID: 18207275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2007.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2007] [Revised: 11/19/2007] [Accepted: 12/02/2007] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bio-nanocapsules (BNCs) consisting of hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) are approximately 50-nm hollow particles displaying a human hepatocyte-recognizing molecule (pre-S1 peptide). They have been used as an HB vaccine for the last two decades. Original BNC can incorporate various payloads (e.g., drugs, genes) by electroporation and deliver them to human hepatocytes specifically by utilizing the HBV infection mechanism. Here, we developed a new BNC conjugated with liposomes and succeeded in incorporating large materials (100-nm fluorescence-labeled polystyrene beads and >30 kbp plasmids) into the BNC-liposome complex. The complex delivered these large materials to human hepatocytes specifically ex vivo and in vivo. The transfection efficiency of the BNC-liposome complex was significantly higher than that of the original BNC. These results indicated that BNC confers the tissue- and cell-specificity on the conventional liposomes and raises new possibilities for drug delivery systems, gene delivery systems, and bio-imaging systems in vivo.
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Shishido T, Muraoka M, Yamaji H, Kondo A, Fukuda H. Production of bionanocapsules in immobilized insect cell culture using porous biomass support particles. J Biosci Bioeng 2007; 103:572-4. [PMID: 17630131 DOI: 10.1263/jbb.103.572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2007] [Accepted: 03/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
L particles, composed of the L protein of the hepatitis B virus surface antigen, are candidates for a specific gene and drug delivery system. We previously constructed stably transfected insect cells for L particle production. In this study, the cells were successfully immobilized within porous biomass support particles (BSPs) in shake-flask culture. The immobilized cells showed a high specific productivity, comparable to the maximum productivities in static and shake-flask cultures of nonimmobilized cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Shishido
- Department of Molecular Science and Material Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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Ottone S, Nguyen X, Bazin J, Bérard C, Jimenez S, Letourneur O. Expression of hepatitis B surface antigen major subtypes in Pichia pastoris and purification for in vitro diagnosis. Protein Expr Purif 2007; 56:177-88. [PMID: 17904863 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2007.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2007] [Revised: 07/05/2007] [Accepted: 07/09/2007] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the expression in Pichia pastoris of hepatitis B surface antigens (HBsAg) corresponding to the S region of the four major subtypes: adr, adw2, ayr and ayw3 and to the preS2-S region of the two subtypes adr and adw2. The recombinant yeast strains have been selected amongst methanol utilization positive (Mut+) or sensitive strains (Mut s) and cultivated to high cell density in bioreactor using a short protocol. Our results prove the efficiency of P. pastoris to produce all the major HBsAg subtypes and confirm the ability of the methanol regulated promoter of alcohol oxidase I gene (AOX) to express heterologous protein through phenotype Mut+ or Mut s strains. All these recombinant HBsAg proteins, including subtype ayr, whose production has never been presented, have been highly purified using a short original sequence of steps which includes high-pressure cell disruption associated with detergent treatment, ultrafiltration and immunopurification chromatography using a mAb anti-HBs. The whole process avoids possible alterations of antigenic properties and allows to obtain with high yield, high quality reagents for in vitro diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Ottone
- BioMérieux, R&D New Markers Discovery, Chemin de l'Orme, Marcy l'Etoile 69280, France
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Jung J, Kasuya T, Tanizawa K, Kuroda S. Bio-nanocapsules for In vivo Pinpoint Drug Delivery. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2007; 127:797-805. [PMID: 17473521 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.127.797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To maximize the beneficial effects and minimize the side effect of drugs, DDS (drug delivery system) has been attracted many researchers in the recent drug development. Especially, the in vivo pinpoint delivery system for drugs is very important and key technology for developing the next generations of anti-cancer drugs and gene therapies. Bio-nanocapsule (BNC) is recombinant yeast-derived hepatitis B virus surface antigen particle, which has been used as a recombinant hepatitis B vaccine for the last 20 years in the world. BNC can incorporate various materials (chemical compounds, proteins, genes, siRNA, etc) by the fusion with liposome, and deliver them to the organs and tissues in vivo specifically by the action of bio-recognition molecules on the BNC's surface. The transfection efficiency is significantly higher than that of liposome, because BNC harbors the complete set of hepatitis B virus infection machinery. Recently, we succeeded in the in vivo retargeting of BNC by displaying either antibody or homing peptide, less than 10 amino acid residues for in vivo targeting. BNC is a hybrid of liposome and virus, and very flexible system for in vivo retargeting. BNC might be very promising carriers in the next generation of DDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joohee Jung
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki City, Japan
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Han X, Ye LB, Li BZ, Bo G, Cai WJ, Hong Z, She YL, Li Y, Kong LB, Wu ZH. Expression, purification and characterization of the Hepatitis B virus entire envelope large protein in Pichia pastoris. Protein Expr Purif 2006; 49:168-75. [PMID: 16829133 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2006.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2006] [Revised: 04/30/2006] [Accepted: 05/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The current HBsAg vaccine has performed a vital role in preventing the transmission of HBV during the past 20 years. However, a number of individuals still show no response or a low response to the vaccine. In the present study, the HBV envelope large protein gene was cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pPIC9k and was subsequently expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris. The HBV large protein (L protein) was produced and secreted into the medium, where some of the L protein formed particles. The soluble L protein and particles were purified by column chromatography and sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the particle was composed of both HBV L and S protein. To compare the antigenicity of the L protein and HBsAg, rabbits were immunized with the soluble L protein and the commercially available HBV vaccine and the increasing level of antibodies was determined by ELISA. The results showed that the anti-HBsAg antibody, from rabbits injected with the L protein at a dose of 2 and 10microg, was detected on day 14, whereas rabbits vaccinated with 10 and 2microg HBsAg did not develop antibodies until day 21 and 28, respectively. The antibody level in groups inoculated with the L protein was approximately 50% higher than in the group injected with HBsAg using the same dose. Furthermore, 2microg L protein induced a significant and rapid anti-HBsAg antibody response than 10microg HBsAg. Therefore, we suggest that the L protein is an ideal candidate for a new generation HB vaccine to protect people from HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Han
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, PR China
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Iwasaki Y, Ueda M, Yamada T, Kondo A, Seno M, Tanizawa K, Kuroda S, Sakamoto M, Kitajima M. Gene therapy of liver tumors with human liver-specific nanoparticles. Cancer Gene Ther 2006; 14:74-81. [PMID: 16990844 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cgt.7700990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The development of safe and efficient liver-specific gene delivery approaches offers new perspectives for the treatment of liver disease, in particular, liver cancer. We evaluated the therapeutic potential of hepatotropic nanoparticles for gene therapy of liver tumor. These nanoparticles do not contain a viral genome and display the hepatitis B virus L antigen, which is essential to confer hepatic specificity. It has not been shown whether a therapeutic effect could be obtained using L nanoparticles in a human liver tumor xenograft model. Rats bearing human hepatic (NuE) and non-hepatic tumors were injected with L nanoparticles containing a green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression plasmid. GFP expression was observed only in NuE-derived tumors but not in the non-hepatic tumor. The potential for treatment of liver tumors was analyzed using L nanoparticles containing the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene, in conjunction with ganciclovir pro-drug administration. The growth of NuE-derived tumors in L particle-injected rats was significantly suppressed, but not of the non-hepatic tumor control. In summary, this is the first demonstration that nanoparticles could be used for delivery of therapeutic genes with anti-tumor activity into human liver tumors. This intravenous delivery system may be one of the major advantages as compared to many other viral vector systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Iwasaki
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
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Shishido T, Muraoka M, Ueda M, Seno M, Tanizawa K, Kuroda S, Fukuda H, Kondo A. Secretory production system of bionanocapsules using a stably transfected insect cell line. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2006; 73:505-11. [PMID: 16847600 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-006-0486-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2006] [Revised: 05/02/2006] [Accepted: 05/04/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Bionanocapsules (BNCs) are hollow nanoscale particles composed of L protein of the hepatitis B virus surface antigen that represent specific affinity for human hepatocytes. BNCs can transfer genes and drugs into human hepatocytes efficiently and specifically. BNC can be expressed in yeast cells. In this study, we developed a new L particle production system using a stably transfected insect cell line. For this purpose, we established a host-vector system using the Trichoplusia ni insect cell line. L particles were efficiently secreted by the overexpression of the L protein, which was fused to the secretion signal peptide. The concentration of L particles was reached approximately 1.7 microg/ml in 5 days during cultivation in a serum-free medium without antibiotic selective pressure. The production of L particles was maintained for at least 75 days. The secretory production of L particles facilitated their easy purification by chromatography. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that purified L particles can transfect only human hepatocytes. Therefore, an insect cell expression system is an attractive tool for the production of BNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Shishido
- Faculty of Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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Yu D, Fukuda T, Kuroda S, Tanizawa K, Kondo A, Ueda M, Yamada T, Tada H, Seno M. Engineered bio-nanocapsules, the selective vector for drug delivery system. IUBMB Life 2006; 58:1-6. [PMID: 16596748 DOI: 10.1080/15216540500484368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The bio-nanocapsule (BNC) is our concept of artificial hollow nanoparticles that have been designed and produced through biotechnological procedures. We proposed an empty virus-like particle, which consists of a recombinant L envelope protein of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and a lipid derived from the host cell, as an engineered BNC. Although this BNC was first developed as an immunogen of hepatitis B vaccine, the pre-S1 region in N-terminus of L envelope protein confers hepatocyte specific infectivity of HBV on the BNC. This recombinant BNC is now being developed as a novel platform of drug delivery system (DDS) vector for selective delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Yu
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3.1.1 Tsushima-Naka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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