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Khan MRUZ, Yanase E, Trivedi V. Extraction, phytochemical characterization and anti-cancer mechanism of Haritaki churna: An ayurvedic formulation. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286274. [PMID: 37256897 PMCID: PMC10231837 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Haritaki churna (HC), a single herb ayurvedic formulations is known to be prescribed for various gastro-intestinal disorders in Ayurveda. Haritaki churna aqueous extract (HCAE) has anti-cancer activity against different types of cancer cells with an IC50 in the range of 50-97 μg/ml. Bioavailability of Haritaki Churna is very high in digestive track and treatment of colorectal cancer cells HCT-116, DLD1, HT-29 with HCAE reduces its cellular viability with anti-cancer IC50 70μg/ml. HCAE consumption is safe for human as it didn't affect the cellular viability of primary human PBMCs or non-cancerogenic HEK-293 cells. Haritaki churna was found to be stable in biological gastric fluids and bioactive agents are not losing their anti-cancer activity under such harsh conditions. The HPLC Chromatogram of HCAE is giving 13 major peaks and 11 minor peaks. Exploiting LC-MS, IR and NMR spectroscopic techniques, a total of 13 compounds were identified from HCAE namely Shikimic acid, Chebulic acid, gallic acid, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, Protocatechuic acid, 4-O-galloyl-shikimic Acid, 5-O-galloyl-shikimic Acid, Methylgallate, corilagin, 1, 2, 6, Tri-O-galloyl β-D-glucose, chebulagic acid, chebulinic acid, and Ellagic acid. Reconstitution and subtraction of phytochemicals from the mixture indicate that Ellagic acid significantly contribute into anti-cancer effect of HCAE. Cancer cells treated with ellagic acid from HCAE were incapable of completing their cell-cycle and halted the cell-cycle at DNA synthesis S-Phase, as demonstrated by decreased cyclin A2 expression levels with increasing ellagic acid concentration. Halting of cells at S-phase causes induction of apoptosis in cancer cells. Cancer cells exhibiting DNA fragmentation, changes in expression of several apoptotic proteins such as Bcl2, cytochrome-c and formation of cleaved products of caspase 3 and PARP-1 suggests ellagic acid induces cell death via mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rafi Uz Zama Khan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Emiko Yanase
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Vishal Trivedi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
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2
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Guimarães CDJ, Carneiro TR, Frederico MJS, de Carvalho GGC, Little M, Freire VN, França VLB, do Amaral DN, Guedes JDS, Barreiro EJ, Lima LM, Barros-Nepomuceno FWA, Pessoa C. Pharmacokinetic Profile Evaluation of Novel Combretastatin Derivative, LASSBio-1920, as a Promising Colorectal Anticancer Agent. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041282. [PMID: 37111767 PMCID: PMC10144566 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
LASSBio-1920 was synthesized due to the poor solubility of its natural precursor, combretastatin A4 (CA4). The cytotoxic potential of the compound against human colorectal cancer cells (HCT-116) and non-small cell lung cancer cells (PC-9) was evaluated, yielding IC50 values of 0.06 and 0.07 μM, respectively. Its mechanism of action was analyzed by microscopy and flow cytometry, where LASSBio-1920 was found to induce apoptosis. Molecular docking simulations and the enzymatic inhibition study with wild-type (wt) EGFR indicated enzyme-substrate interactions similar to other tyrosine kinase inhibitors. We suggest that LASSBio-1920 is metabolized by O-demethylation and NADPH generation. LASSBio-1920 demonstrated excellent absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and high central nervous system (CNS) permeability. The pharmacokinetic parameters obtained by predictions indicated that the compound presents zero-order kinetics and, in a human module simulation, accumulates in the liver, heart, gut, and spleen. The pharmacokinetic parameters obtained will serve as the basis to initiate in vivo studies regarding LASSBio-1920's antitumor potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina de Jesus Guimarães
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceara (UFC), Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil
- Pharmacy Sector, Oncology Control Foundation of the State of Amazonas (FCECON), Manaus 69040-010, AM, Brazil
| | - Teiliane Rodrigues Carneiro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceara (UFC), Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil
| | - Marisa Jadna Silva Frederico
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceara (UFC), Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil
| | - Guilherme G C de Carvalho
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceara (UFC), Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil
| | - Matthew Little
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceara (UFC), Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil
| | - Valder N Freire
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Ceara (UFC), Fortaleza 60440-900, CE, Brazil
| | - Victor L B França
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Ceara (UFC), Fortaleza 60440-900, CE, Brazil
| | - Daniel Nascimento do Amaral
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jéssica de Siqueira Guedes
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eliezer J Barreiro
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lídia Moreira Lima
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, RJ, Brazil
| | - Francisco W A Barros-Nepomuceno
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceara (UFC), Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil
- Institute of Health Sciences, University for International Integration of the Afro-Brazilian Lusophony, Redenção 62790-000, CE, Brazil
| | - Claudia Pessoa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceara (UFC), Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil
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3
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Khumpirapang N, Suknuntha K, Wongrattanakamon P, Jiranusornkul S, Anuchapreeda S, Wellendorph P, Müllertz A, Rades T, Okonogi S. The Binding of Alpinia galanga Oil and Its Nanoemulsion to Mammal GABAA Receptors Using Rat Cortical Membranes and an In Silico Modeling Platform. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030650. [PMID: 35336025 PMCID: PMC8948626 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The anesthetic effect of Alpinia galanga oil (AGO) has been reported. However, knowledge of its pathway in mammals is limited. In the present study, the binding of AGO and its key compounds, methyl eugenol, 1,8-cineole, and 4-allylphenyl acetate, to gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors in rat cortical membranes, was investigated using a [3H]muscimol binding assay and an in silico modeling platform. The results showed that only AGO and methyl eugenol displayed a positive modulation at the highest concentrations, whereas 1,8-cineole and 4-allylphenyl acetate were inactive. The result of AGO correlated well to the amount of methyl eugenol in AGO. Computational docking and dynamics simulations into the GABAA receptor complex model (PDB: 6X3T) showed the stable structure of the GABAA receptor–methyl eugenol complex with the lowest binding energy of −22.16 kcal/mol. This result shows that the anesthetic activity of AGO and methyl eugenol in mammals is associated with GABAA receptor modulation. An oil-in-water nanoemulsion containing 20% w/w AGO (NE-AGO) was formulated. NE-AGO showed a significant increase in specific [3H]muscimol binding, to 179% of the control, with an EC50 of 391 µg/mL. Intracellular studies show that normal human cells are highly tolerant to AGO and the nanoemulsion, indicating that NE-AGO may be useful for human anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattakanwadee Khumpirapang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand;
| | - Krit Suknuntha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand;
| | - Pathomwat Wongrattanakamon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.W.); (S.J.)
| | - Supat Jiranusornkul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.W.); (S.J.)
| | - Songyot Anuchapreeda
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Petrine Wellendorph
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Anette Müllertz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.M.); (T.R.)
| | - Thomas Rades
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.M.); (T.R.)
| | - Siriporn Okonogi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.W.); (S.J.)
- Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-5394-4311
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Health-Promoting Properties of Borage Seed Oil Fractionated by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction. Foods 2021; 10:foods10102471. [PMID: 34681520 PMCID: PMC8535258 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Borage (Borago officinalis L.) seed oil is an important source of γ–linolenic acid, which is normally used as a treatment against different pathologies. Since the fractionation of this interesting seed oil has many environmental, economic and biological benefits, two borage fractionation techniques after extraction with CO2 under supercritical conditions have been studied: precipitation in two cyclone separators and countercurrent extraction column. Both techniques have successfully collected free fatty acids in one fraction: (i) two separators set up in series obtained the highest concentration of free fatty acids in separator 2 at 90 bar/40 °C; (ii) when countercurrent extraction column was used, the acidity index of the raffinate stream was independent from the operating conditions (2.6 ± 0.5%). Furthermore, the composition of the fatty acids, as well as their antioxidant and cytotoxic activities, were determined. The profile of the fatty acids obtained by either of these two methods remained unaltered, so that the crude oil exhibited improved antioxidant and cytotoxic properties. All the extracts obtained in the two cyclone separators at the same pressure/temperature conditions displayed high tumouricidal activity against HL 60 promyelocytic leukaemia cells, even if the extracts at 50% concentration from separator 2 presented a lower inhibitory activity (IC50). The extracts from separator 2 at 90 bar/40 °C exhibited the highest anti-proliferative activity at low doses (IC50 of 0.3 μL/mL for the trypan blue exclusion test). To reach the lethal dose—IC50—with the product obtained through countercurrent column fractionation, a concentration of 2 μL/mL of crude borage oil raffinate was required.
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Mateo-Fernández M, Valenzuela-Gómez F, Font R, Del Río-Celestino M, Merinas-Amo T, Alonso-Moraga Á. In Vivo and In Vitro Assays Evaluating the Biological Activity of Taurine, Glucose and Energetic Beverages. Molecules 2021; 26:2198. [PMID: 33920365 PMCID: PMC8069289 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Taurine is one of the main ingredients used in energy drinks which are highly consumed in adolescents for their sugary taste and stimulating effect. With energy drinks becoming a worldwide phenomenon, the biological effects of these beverages must be evaluated in order to fully comprehend the potential impact of these products on the health due to the fact nutrition is closely related to science since the population consumes food to prevent certain diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the biological effects of taurine, glucose, classic Red Bull® and sugar-free Red Bull® in order to check the food safety and the nutraceutical potential of these compounds, characterising different endpoints: (i) Toxicology, antitoxicology, genotoxicology and life expectancy assays were performed in the Drosophila melanogaster model organism; (ii) The in vitro chemopreventive activity of testing compounds was determined by assessing their cytotoxicity, the proapoptotic DNA-damage capability to induce internucleosomal fragmentation, the strand breaks activity and the modulator role on the methylation status of genomic repetitive sequences of HL-60 promyelocytic cells. Whereas none tested compounds showed toxic or genotoxic effect, all tested compounds exerted antitoxic and antigenotoxic activity in Drosophila. Glucose, classic Red Bull® and sugar-free Red Bull® were cytotoxic in HL-60 cell line. Classic Red Bull® induced DNA internucleosomal fragmentation although none of them exhibited DNA damage on human leukaemia cells. In conclusion, the tested compounds are safe on Drosophila melanogaster and classic Red Bull® could overall possess nutraceutical potential in the in vivo and in vitro model used in this study. Besides, taurine could holistically be one of the bioactive compounds responsible for the biological activity of classic Red Bull®.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Mateo-Fernández
- Department of Genetics, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (T.M.-A.); (Á.A.-M.)
| | | | - Rafael Font
- Agri-Food Laboratory, Avda. Menéndez Pidal, s/n, 14080 Córdoba, Spain; (R.F.); (M.D.R.-C.)
| | | | - Tania Merinas-Amo
- Department of Genetics, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (T.M.-A.); (Á.A.-M.)
| | - Ángeles Alonso-Moraga
- Department of Genetics, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (T.M.-A.); (Á.A.-M.)
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6
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Roat TC, Santos-Pinto JRAD, Miotelo L, de Souza CL, Palma MS, Malaspina O. Using a toxicoproteomic approach to investigate the effects of thiamethoxam into the brain of Apis mellifera. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 258:127362. [PMID: 32947664 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids have been described as toxic to bees. In this context, the A. mellifera foragers were exposed to a sublethal concentration of thiamethoxam (LC50/100: 0,0227 ng de thiamethoxam/μL-1 diet), a neurotoxic insecticide, for 8 days; and it was decided to investigate the insecticide effect on the brain by a shotgun proteomic approach followed by label-free quantitative-based proteomics. A total of 401 proteins were identified in the control group (CG); and a total of 350 proteins in the thiamethoxam exposed group (TMX). Quantitative proteomics data showed up 251 proteins with significant quantitative values in the TMX group. These findings demonstrated the occurrence of shared and unique proteins with altered expression in the TMX group, such as ATP synthase subunit beta, heat shock protein cognate 4, spectrin beta chain-like, mushroom body large-type Kenyon cell-specific protein 1-like, tubulin alpha-1 chain-like, arginine kinase, epidermal growth factor receptor, odorant receptor, glutamine synthetase, glutamate receptor, and cytochrome P450 4c3. Meanwhile, the proteins that were expressed uniquely in the TMX group are involved mainly in the phosphorylation, cellular protein modification, and cell surface receptor signalling processes. Interaction network results showed that identified proteins are present in five different metabolic pathways - oxidative stress, cytoskeleton control, visual process, olfactory memory, and glutamate metabolism. Our scientific outcomes demonstrated that a sublethal concentration of thiamethoxam can impair biological processes and important metabolic pathways, causing damage to the nervous system of bees, and in the long term, can compromise the nutrition and physiology of individuals from the colony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaisa C Roat
- Center for the Study of Social Insects, Department of General and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, University of Sao Paulo State (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Aparecido Dos Santos-Pinto
- Center for the Study of Social Insects, Department of General and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, University of Sao Paulo State (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Miotelo
- Center for the Study of Social Insects, Department of General and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, University of Sao Paulo State (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline Lacerra de Souza
- Center for the Study of Social Insects, Department of General and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, University of Sao Paulo State (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario Sergio Palma
- Center for the Study of Social Insects, Department of General and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, University of Sao Paulo State (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- Center for the Study of Social Insects, Department of General and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, University of Sao Paulo State (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
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Barros-Nepomuceno FWA, de Araújo Viana D, Pinheiro DP, de Cássia Evangelista de Oliveira F, Magalhães Ferreira J, R de Queiroz MG, Ma X, Cavalcanti BC, Pessoa C, Banwell MG. The Effects of the Alkaloid Tambjamine J on Mice Implanted with Sarcoma 180 Tumor Cells. ChemMedChem 2020; 16:420-428. [PMID: 32886437 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The tambjamines are a small group of bipyrrolic alkaloids that, collectively, display a significant range of biological activities including antitumor, antimicrobial and immunosuppressive properties. The key objective of the present study was to undertake preclinical assessments of tambjamine J (T-J) so as to determine its in vivo antitumor effects. To that end, sarcoma 180 cells were transplanted in mice and the impacts of the title compound then evaluated using a range of protocols including hematological, biochemical, histopathological, genotoxic and clastogenic assays. As a result it was established that this alkaloid has a significant therapeutic window and effectively reduces tumor growth (by 40 % and 79 % at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg/day, respectively). In this regard it displays similar antitumor activity to the anticancer agent cyclophosphamide and alters animal weight in an analogous manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Washington A Barros-Nepomuceno
- Institute of Health Sciences, University for International Integration of the Afro-Brazilian Lusophony, Acarape, 62.785-000, CE, Brazil.,Center for Research and Drug Development, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, 60.430.275, CE, Brazil
| | - Daniel de Araújo Viana
- PATHOVET Laboratory, Pathological Anatomy and Veterinary Clinic, Fortaleza, 60.020.001, CE, Brazil
| | - Daniel Pascoalino Pinheiro
- Center for Research and Drug Development, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, 60.430.275, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Jamile Magalhães Ferreira
- Institute of Health Sciences, University for International Integration of the Afro-Brazilian Lusophony, Acarape, 62.785-000, CE, Brazil.,Clinical and Toxicological Analysis Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Odontology and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, 60.714.903, CE, Brazil
| | - Maria Goretti R de Queiroz
- Clinical and Toxicological Analysis Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Odontology and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, 60.714.903, CE, Brazil
| | - Xinghua Ma
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Bruno Coêlho Cavalcanti
- Center for Research and Drug Development, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, 60.430.275, CE, Brazil
| | - Claudia Pessoa
- Center for Research and Drug Development, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, 60.430.275, CE, Brazil
| | - Martin G Banwell
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.,Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519070, Guangdong, China
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8
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Khumpirapang N, Pikulkaew S, Anuchapreeda S, Okonogi S. Anesthetic activity of plant essential oils on Cyprinus carpio (koi carp). Drug Discov Ther 2018; 12:21-30. [PMID: 29479046 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2017.01068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to investigate the anesthetic and cytotoxic effects of essential oils (EOs) of Ocimum basilicum (OBO), O. canum (OCO), and O. sanctum (OSO) on Cyprinus carpio (koi carp). For anesthetic effect, induction time to surgical anesthesia and recovery time were determined. For cytotoxicity effect, viability of fish peripheral blood nuclear cells (PBMCs) was investigated. Results indicated that increasing oil concentration caused significant (p < 0.01) decrease of induction time. OSO at 100, 200, and 300 mg/L gave the induction time of 169.5 ± 10.2, 62.8 ± 2.3, 45.3 ± 2.2 sec, respectively, significantly shorter than OCO, and OBO. The recovery time of anesthetized fish was dose dependent (p <0.01). Among them, OCO showed the longest recovery time of 313.0 ± 8.1, 420.7 ± 12.6, 616.6 ± 12.1 sec for concentrations of 100, 200, and 300 mg/L, respectively, followed by OSO and OBO, respectively. Within 10 min contact time of the EOs and fish PBMCs, the fish PBMC viability was higher than 80%. Increase contact time and EO concentration caused an increase in cytotoxicity to fish PBMC. OBO showed less toxic than OSO and OCO. Based on the desired induction and recovery times for anesthetizing koi carp, OBO, OCO, and OSO at 300, 200, and 100 mg/L, respectively were suggested to be the most suitable. It was concluded that OBO, OCO, and OSO can be used as natural anesthetics for fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattakanwadee Khumpirapang
- Interdisciplinary Program in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Graduate School, Chiang Mai University.,Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University
| | - Surachai Pikulkaew
- Department of Food Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University
| | - Songyot Anuchapreeda
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University
| | - Siriporn Okonogi
- Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University
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Soares BA, Firme CL, Castro RN, Bortoluzzi AJ, Maciel MAM. Stereoselective reduction of the bioactive 19- nor -clerodane trans -dehydrocrotonin by using sodium borohydride and cerium (III) chloride as a catalyst. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Vakamullu S, Arepalli SK, Velatooru LR, J VR, P KK, B N. In vitro apoptotic mechanism of a novel synthetic Quinazolinyl derivative: Induces caspase-dependent intrinsic pathway on THP-1, leukemia cell line. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 280:117-127. [PMID: 29225136 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Several quinazoline derivatives have been found to possess a broad spectrum of biological activities. Previously our research group has synthesized and studied the anti-proliferative effects of N-Decyl-N-(2-Methyl-4-Quinazolinyl) Amine (DMQA). The current study evaluated the cytotoxic and apoptotic properties of DMQA in THP-1 cells. The cytotoxic potential of DMQA was assessed using MTT assay on a panel of cancer cell lines which include HeLa, Mia PaCa-2, A 375, B16-F10, A 549,A 431, U937, THP-1, HL-60 and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC's). Preliminary data revealed that the highest cytotoxic activity was against THP-1 leukemia cell line (IC50=0.66 μg/ml). The apoptotic properties of DMQA on THP-1 cells were characterized by change in nuclear morphology, DNA fragmentation, reduction of pro-caspases-3, 9, Bax/Bcl-2 levels, cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and cytosolic release of cytochrome c. Further investigation revealed a sub-G1 peak, phosphatidyl serine exposure and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in THP-1 cells. The role of caspases was crucial and was demonstrated by the inhibitors Z-VAD-FMK and Z-DEVD-FMK. Moreover DMQA was markedly less effective in inhibiting the growth of normal cells (PBMC's, IC50 =62.17 μg/ml). Based on the results we suggest that DMQA induced apoptosis via intrinsic pathway and could be a promising anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar Vakamullu
- Toxicology Unit, Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 607, India; MNR Foundation for Research and Innovation, MNR Medical College, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502294, India
| | - S K Arepalli
- Toxicology Unit, Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 607, India
| | - L R Velatooru
- Toxicology Unit, Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 607, India
| | - Venkateswara Rao J
- Toxicology Unit, Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 607, India.
| | - Kavin Kennedy P
- Flow-cytometry Facility, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500 607, India
| | - Narsaiah B
- Fluoro Organic Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 607, India
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Vijayarathna S, Chen Y, Kanwar JR, Sasidharan S. Standardized Polyalthia longifolia leaf extract (PLME) inhibits cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis: The anti-cancer study with various microscopy methods. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 91:366-377. [PMID: 28463800 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.04.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the years a number of microscopy methods have been developed to assess the changes in cells. Some non-invasive techniques such as holographic digital microscopy (HDM), which although does not destroy the cells, but helps to monitor the events that leads to initiation of apoptotic cell death. In this study, the apoptogenic property and the cytotoxic effect of P. longifolia leaf methanolic extract (PLME) against the human cervical carcinoma cells (HeLa) was studied using light microscope (LM), holographic digital microscopy (HDM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The average IC50 value of PLME against HeLa cells obtained by MTT and CyQuant assay was 22.00μg/mL at 24h. However, noncancerous Vero cells tested with PLME exhibited no cytotoxicity with the IC50 value of 51.07μg/mL at 24h by using MTT assay. Cytological observations showed nuclear condensation, cell shrinkage, multinucleation, abnormalities of mitochondrial cristae, membrane blebbing, disappearance of microvilli and filopodia, narrowing of lamellipodia, holes, formation of numerous smaller vacuoles, cytoplasmic extrusions and formation of apoptotic bodies as confirmed collectively by HDM, LM, SEM and TEM. In conclusion, PLME was able to produce distinctive morphological features of HeLa cell death that corresponds to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soundararajan Vijayarathna
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Yeng Chen
- Dental Research & Training Unit, and Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre (OCRCC), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jagat R Kanwar
- Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Sreenivasan Sasidharan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
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12
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Bufadienolides from amphibians: A promising source of anticancer prototypes for radical innovation, apoptosis triggering and Na +/K +-ATPase inhibition. Toxicon 2017; 127:63-76. [PMID: 28069354 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Amphibians present pharmacologically active aliphatic, aromatic and heterocyclic molecules in their skin as defense against microorganisms, predators and infections, such as steroids, alkaloids, biogenic amines, guanidine derivatives, proteins and peptides. Based on the discovered bioactive potential of bufadienolides, this work reviewed the contribution of amphibians, especially from members of Bufonidae family, as source of new cytotoxic and antitumor molecules, highlighting the mechanisms responsible for such amazing biological potentialities. Bufonidae species produce bufadienolides related to cholesterol through the mevalonate-independent and acidic bile acid pathways as polyhydroxy steroids with 24 carbons. In vitro antitumor studies performed with skin secretions and its isolated components (specially marinobufagin, telocinobufagin, bufalin and cinobufagin) from Rhinella, Bufo and Rhaebo species have shown remarkable biological action on hematological, solid, sensitive and/or resistant human tumor cell lines. Some compounds revealed higher selectivity against neoplastic lines when compared to dividing normal cells and some molecules may biochemically associate with Na+/K+-ATPase and there is structural similarity to the digoxin- and ouabain-Na+/K+-ATPase complexs, implying a similar mechanism of the Na+/K+-ATPase inhibition by cardenolides and bufadienolides. Some bufadienolides also reduce levels of antiapoptotic proteins and DNA synthesis, cause morphological changes (chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation, cytoplasm shrinkage, cytoplasmic vacuoles, stickiness reduction and apoptotic bodies), cell cycle arrest in G2/M or S phases, mitochondrial depolarization, PARP [poly (ADPribose) polymerase] and Bid cleavages, cytochrome c release, activation of Bax and caspases (-3, -9, -8 and -10), increased expression of the Fas-Associated protein with Death Domain (FADD), induce topoisomerase II inhibition, DNA fragmentation, cell differentiation, angiogenesis inhibition, multidrug resistance reversion, and also regulate immune responses. Then, bufadienolides isolated from amphibians, some of them at risk of extinction, emerge as a natural class of incredible chemical biodiversity, has moderate selectivity against human tumor cells and weak activity on murine cells, probably due to structural differences between subunits of human and mice Na+/K+-ATPases.
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da Gama Bitencourt JJ, Pazin WM, Ito AS, Barioni MB, de Paula Pinto C, Santos MAD, Guimarães THS, Santos MRMD, Valduga CJ. Miltefosine-loaded lipid nanoparticles: Improving miltefosine stability and reducing its hemolytic potential toward erythtocytes and its cytotoxic effect on macrophages. Biophys Chem 2016; 217:20-31. [PMID: 27497059 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The toxic effects of miltefosine on the epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract and its hemolytic action on erythrocytes have limited its use as an antileishmanial agent. As part of our search for new strategies to overcome the side effects of miltefosine during the treatment of leishmaniasis, we have developed stable miltefosine-loaded lipid nanoparticles in an attempt to reduce the toxic effects of the drug. We have evaluated lipid nanoparticles containing varying amounts of miltefosine and cholesterol, prepared by sonication, in terms of their physicochemical properties, preliminary stability, hemolytic potential toward erythrocytes, and cytotoxicity to macrophages and to promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania (L.) chagasi. Miltefosine loading into lipid nanoparticles was 100% for low drug concentrations (7.0 to 20.0mg/mL). Particle size decreased from 143nm (control) to between 43 and 69nm. From fluorescence studies, it was observed that the presence of miltefosine and cholesterol (below 103μM) promoted ordering effects in the phospholipid region of the nanoparticles. The formulation containing 15mg/mL miltefosine was stable for at least six months at 4°C and in simulated gastrointestinal fluids, and did not promote epithelial gastrointestinal irritability in Balb/C mice. When loaded into lipid nanoparticles, the hemolytic potential of miltefosine and its cytotoxicity to macrophages diminished, while its antiparasitic activity remained unaltered. The results suggested that miltefosine-loaded lipid nanoparticles may be promising for the treatment of leishmaniasis and might be suitable for oral and parenteral use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wallance Moreira Pazin
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo
| | - Amando Siuiti Ito
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo.
| | - Marina Berardi Barioni
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo
| | - Carolline de Paula Pinto
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Anhanguera, University of São Paulo (UNIAN-SP), Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Claudete Justina Valduga
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Anhanguera, University of São Paulo (UNIAN-SP), Brazil.
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14
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Luz LEC, Kanunfre CC, Paludo KS, da Silva Justo A, Petry VK, Lemes BM, Barison A, Nepel A, Wang M, Avula B, Khan IA, Beltrame FL. Cytotoxic biomonitored study of Euphorbia umbellata (Pax) Bruyns. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 183:29-37. [PMID: 26906968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Euphorbia umbellata latex (sap) has normally been used in folk medicine in southern Brazil to treat different types of cancers. AIM OF STUDY To carry out a biomonitored investigation of partitioned latex using in vitro assay, to identify the main mechanisms related with the action of the most active fraction as well as to develop a phytochemical study with this material. MATERIALS AND METHODS Biological screening was performed with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol fractions from the latex of E. umbellata using MTT, trypan blue, and neutral red assays to determine the cytotoxicity against HRT-18, HeLa and Jurkat cells and flow cytometry, DNA quantification, acridine orange and Hoechst 33342 staining to investigate mechanisms of action for the hexane extract. The phytochemical study of the hexane fraction was performed by chromatographic procedures and the substances were identified by NMR analysis. The isolated terpenes were evaluated using MTT to determine the cytotoxicity against Jurkat cells. RESULTS All the fractions presented concentration and time dependent cytotoxicity. The hexane fraction showed the highest cytotoxicity; whereas the Jurkat cell was the lineage with the highest sensitivity (IC50 1.87µg/mL). Fragmentation of DNA and apoptosis are two mechanisms related with the toxicity of hexane fraction. The hexane fraction arrested the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase, and the selectivity index was 4.30. Phytochemical study of the hexane fraction led to isolation of euphol (main compound) and germanicol acetate. Both substances demonstrated some slight cytotoxic activity against Jurkat cells after 72h; however the activity was minimal compared to vincristine (anticancer standard drug). CONCLUSION The current research proves that the fractions of the latex from E. umbellata have a cytotoxic effect against three different cancer cells lines. The hexane fraction showed high in vitro cytotoxic effects against Jurkat cells demonstrating that the effect may be due to non-polar constituents. The two isolated terpenes (euphol and germanicol acetate) showed poor cytotoxic activity indicating that the anticancer properties of the extract may be caused by other substances present in the hexane fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Eidam Camargo Luz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Katia Sabrina Paludo
- Department of General Biology, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Aline da Silva Justo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Victor Kubaski Petry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Bruna Mikulis Lemes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Andersson Barison
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Centre, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Angelita Nepel
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Centre, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Mei Wang
- National Centre for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Bharathi Avula
- National Centre for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Ikhlas Ahmad Khan
- National Centre for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA; Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Flávio Luís Beltrame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil.
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Villatoro-Pulido M, Font R, Obregón-Cano S, Moreno-Rojas R, Amaro-López MÁ, Anter J, Muñoz-Serrano A, De Haro Bailón A, Alonso-Moraga A, Del Río-Celestino M. Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of metal(oid)s bioactivated in rocket leaves (Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa Miller). CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 93:2554-2561. [PMID: 24161580 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Rocket is an important source of essential elements. However, it may also accumulate toxic elements such as metal(oids). The objectives of the present work were (i) to study the uptake of arsenic, lead, cadmium and zinc in rocket grown in contaminated soils, (ii) to establish the genotoxic and cytotoxic activities of this vegetable material, and (iii) to study the modulator role of the glucosinolate and metal contents in the genotoxic/cytotoxic activities. Lead, cadmium and zinc leaf concentrations in our study were over the concentrations allowed by the statutory limit set for metal(oid) contents in vegetables. The accessions were non genotoxic at the different concentrations studied, although one of the accessions showed the highest mutation rates doubling those of negative control. The cytotoxicity assays with HL60 human leukaemia cells showed that the tumouricide activities of rocket leaves decreased with the increasing of metal(oid) concentrations and also with the decreasing of glucosinolate concentrations in their tissues. An interaction between metal(oid)s and glucosinolate degradation products contained in rocket leaves is suggested as the main modulator agents of the biological activity of the plants grown in metal-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Villatoro-Pulido
- Department of Plant Breeding and Crop Biotechnology, Center IFAPA Alameda del Obispo s/n, Apartado 3092, 14080 Córdoba, Spain
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16
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Ferreira PMP, Lima DJB, Debiasi BW, Soares BM, Machado KDC, Noronha JDC, Rodrigues DDJ, Sinhorin AP, Pessoa C, Vieira Júnior GM. Antiproliferative activity of Rhinella marina and Rhaebo guttatus venom extracts from Southern Amazon. Toxicon 2013; 72:43-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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17
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Okonogi S, Khonkarn R, Mankhetkorn S, Unger FM, Viernstein H. Antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of Cyrtosperma johnstonii extracts on drug sensitive and resistant leukemia and small cell lung carcinoma cells. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2013; 51:329-338. [PMID: 23153173 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2012.729064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The number of patients with cancer is increasing. New therapeutic agents to overcome drug-resistant tumors are urgently needed. Cyrtosperma johnstonii N.E. Br. (Araceae) is used for treatment of cancer in Thai traditional medicine. This study aimed to evaluate antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of C. johnstonii extracts on human cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dried powder of C. johnstonii rhizomes was extracted with several solvents. The 0.1 mg/ml extract solution was tested for antioxidant activity by 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Color formation from 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide was used to determine cell viability. Standardization of the extract was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with photodiode array detector at 254 and 360 nm. Cell cycle arrest was evaluated by flow cytometry after 5 min, 12 h and 24 h treated with 20 µg/ml of the acetone extract. RESULTS The acetone extract exhibited the highest phenolic content and antioxidant activity (TEAC and EC values = 19.2 ± 0.14 and 19.2 ± 0.31 mM/mg, respectively). The IC₅₀ values for leukemia ranged from 11 ± 1 to 29 ± 3 µg/ml and from 5 ± 2 to 6 ± 0 µg/ml for small cell lung carcinoma cells. Cell cycle arrest occurred at the G2/M phase followed by apoptosis. HPLC analysis revealed that rutin is the major constituents of the extract. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The acetone extract of C. johnstoni is a promising source of natural antioxidants and anticancer. The extract inhibits cancer cells effectively with less effect on normal cells.
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MESH Headings
- Acetone/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/adverse effects
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Antioxidants/adverse effects
- Antioxidants/chemistry
- Antioxidants/isolation & purification
- Antioxidants/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cyrtosperma/chemistry
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Ethnopharmacology
- G2 Phase/drug effects
- Humans
- Inhibitory Concentration 50
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/metabolism
- Phenols/adverse effects
- Phenols/analysis
- Phenols/pharmacology
- Plant Extracts/adverse effects
- Plant Extracts/chemistry
- Plant Extracts/isolation & purification
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Rhizome/chemistry
- Rutin/adverse effects
- Rutin/analysis
- Rutin/pharmacology
- Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/drug therapy
- Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/metabolism
- Solvents/chemistry
- Thailand
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriporn Okonogi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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18
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The diversity, antimicrobial and anticancer activity of endophytic fungi associated with the medicinal plant Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville (Fabaceae) from the Brazilian savannah. Symbiosis 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-012-0182-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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19
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Cavalcanti BC, da Costa PM, Carvalho AA, Rodrigues FAR, Amorim RCN, Silva ECC, Pohlit AM, Costa-Lotufo LV, Moraes MO, Pessoa C. Involvement of intrinsic mitochondrial pathway in neosergeolide-induced apoptosis of human HL-60 leukemia cells: the role of mitochondrial permeability transition pore and DNA damage. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2012; 50:980-993. [PMID: 22775415 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2012.654921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Quassinoids are biologically active secondary metabolites found exclusively in the Simaroubaceae family of plants. These compounds generally present important biological properties, including cytotoxic and antitumor properties. OBJECTIVE In the present study, the cytotoxic effects of neosergeolide, a quassinoid isolated from Picrolemma sprucei Hook. f., were evaluated in human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60). MATERIALS AND METHODS Cytotoxicity and antiproliferative effects were evaluated by the MTT assay, May-Grünwald-Giemsa's staining, BrdU incorporation test, and flow cytometry procedures. The comet assay and micronuclei analysis were applied to determine the genotoxic and mutagenic potential of neosergeolide. RESULTS After 24 h exposure, neosergeolide strongly inhibited cancer cell proliferation (IC₅₀ 0.1 µM), and its activity seemed to be selective to tumor cells because it had no antiproliferative effect on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) at tested concentrations. Apoptosis was induced at submicromolar concentrations (0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 µM) as evidenced by morphological changes, mitochondrial depolarization, phosphatidylserine externalization, caspases activation, and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. Additionally, neosergeolide effects were prevented by cyclosporine A (CsA), an inhibitor of the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) pore, which reinforced the participation of intrinsic pathways in the apoptotic process induced by this natural quassinoid. Direct DNA damage was further confirmed by comet assay and cytokinesis-block micronucleus test. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The present study provided experimental evidence to support the underlying mechanism of action involved in the neosergeolide-mediated apoptosis. In addition, no antiproliferative effect or DNA damage effect of neosergeolide was evident in PBMC, highlighting its therapeutic potential.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/adverse effects
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/antagonists & inhibitors
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Comet Assay
- Cyclosporine/pharmacology
- Cytokinesis/drug effects
- DNA Fragmentation/drug effects
- HL-60 Cells
- Humans
- Inhibitory Concentration 50
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/pathology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/drug effects
- Micronucleus Tests
- Mitochondria/drug effects
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins/metabolism
- Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore
- Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Quassins/adverse effects
- Quassins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Quassins/pharmacology
- Simaroubaceae/chemistry
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno C Cavalcanti
- National Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Federal University of Ceará, CEP 60430-270, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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20
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Camargo JA, Bertolucci PHF. Quantification of Fas protein in CSF of patients with neurocysticercosis. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2012; 70:262-6. [PMID: 22510737 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x2012000400007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Neurocysticercosis is a parasitic disease that affects the central nervous system. The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between neuronal death evaluated by the quantification of Fas apoptotic factor and the different evolutive forms of neurocysticercosis accompanied or not by epileptic seizures. METHODS Cerebrospinal fluid samples from 36 patients with a diagnosis of neurocysticercosis divided into the following groups: active cystic form (n=15), 9 patients with and 6 without seizures, and calcified form (=21), 9 with and 12 without seizures. Fourteen patients comprised the control group. Fas protein concentrations were determined by ELISA. RESULTS Only the group of patients with calcified cysts without seizures presented cerebrospinal fluid levels of Fas similar to those of the control group. Higher levels were observed for the other groups. CONCLUSIONS The present finding suggests high cerebrospinal fluid levels of soluble Fas protein, except for patients with calcified cysts without seizures. Significant differences were observed for the group with calcified cysts and seizures, suggesting greater neuronal damage in these patients. Replacement of the term inactive cyst with reactive inactive cyst is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Augusto Camargo
- Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Hospital São Paulo, Brazil.
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21
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Leishmanicidal and antitumoral activities of endophytic fungi associated with the Antarctic angiosperms Deschampsia antarctica Desv. and Colobanthus quitensis (Kunth) Bartl. Extremophiles 2011; 16:95-103. [PMID: 22072308 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-011-0409-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
A total of 564 isolates of endophytic fungi were recovered from the plants Deschampsia antarctica and Colobanthus quitensis collected from Antarctica. The isolates were screened against parasites Leishmania amazonensis and Trypanosoma cruzi and against the human tumour cell lines. Of the 313 fungal isolates obtained from D. antarctica and 251 from C. quitensis, 25 displayed biological activity. Nineteen extracts displayed leishmanicidal activity, and six inhibited the growth of at least one tumour cell line. These fungi belong to 19 taxa of the genera Alternaria, Antarctomyces, Cadophora, Davidiella, Helgardia, Herpotrichia, Microdochium, Oculimacula, Phaeosphaeria and one unidentified fungus. Extracts of 12 fungal isolates inhibited the proliferation of L. amazonesis at a low IC(50) of between 0.2 and 12.5 μg ml(-1). The fungus Phaeosphaeria herpotrichoides displayed only leishmanicidal activity with an IC(50) of 0.2 μg ml(-1), which is equivalent to the inhibitory value of amphotericin B. The extract of Microdochium phragmitis displayed specific cytotoxic activity against the UACC-62 cell line with an IC(50) value of 12.5 μg ml(-1). Our results indicate that the unique angiosperms living in Antarctica shelter an interesting bioactive fungal community that is able to produce antiprotozoal and antitumoral molecules. These molecules may be used to develop new leishmanicidal and anticancer drugs.
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Ferreira PMP, Santos AG, Tininis AG, Costa PM, Cavalheiro AJ, Bolzani VS, Moraes MO, Costa-Lotufo LV, Montenegro RC, Pessoa C. Casearin X exhibits cytotoxic effects in leukemia cells triggered by apoptosis. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 188:497-504. [PMID: 20816779 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Revised: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Clerodane diterpenes have demonstrated cytotoxic, antiplasmodial and anti-ulcer properties. In the present work, we determined the cytotoxic effect of casearin L (Cas L), O (Cas O) and X (Cas X) and (-)-hardwickiic acid isolated from Casearia sylvestris leaves, and investigated the underlying mechanisms involved in in vitro cell death induced by Cas X in HL-60 leukemia cells (0.7, 1.5 and 3.0μM). Cytotoxicity tests demonstrated that Cas X was the most active compound studied, showing greater cytotoxic effects against CEM and HL-60 lines (IC(50) of 0.4μM) and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC, IC(50) of 1.2μM). After 24h exposure, Cas X caused a decrease in 5-bromo-20-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation (36.6 and 24.5% labeling at 0.7 and 1.5μM, respectively), reduction in viability, and increase in apoptotic and necrotic leukemia cells in a dose-dependent manner evidenced by the trypan blue and AO/EB (acridine orange/ethidium bromide) assays. Moreover, Cas X-treated cells exhibited nuclear fragmentation and cytoplasmic vacuolization depending on the concentration tested. These characteristics of apoptosis or secondary necrosis were confirmed by flow cytometry which revealed DNA fragmentation, phosphatidylserine externalization, activation of the effector caspases 3/7 and mitochondrial depolarization. We then found evidence that Cas X causes cell death via apoptotic pathways, corroborating the potential of casearins as compounds with promising antitumor-related properties.
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23
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Antitumor and antiangiogenic effects of GA-13315, a gibberellin derivative. Invest New Drugs 2010; 30:8-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-010-9501-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2010] [Accepted: 07/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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24
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Marinho-Filho JDB, Bezerra DP, Araújo AJ, Montenegro RC, Pessoa C, Diniz JC, Viana FA, Pessoa OD, Silveira ER, de Moraes MO, Costa-Lotufo LV. Oxidative stress induction by (+)-cordiaquinone J triggers both mitochondria-dependent apoptosis and necrosis in leukemia cells. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 183:369-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2009] [Revised: 11/27/2009] [Accepted: 11/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Frungillo L, Martins D, Teixeira S, Anazetti MC, Melo PDS, Durán N. Targeted antitumoral dehydrocrotonin nanoparticles with L-ascorbic acid 6-stearate. J Pharm Sci 2009; 98:4796-807. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.21760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Cavalcanti BC, Bezerra DP, Magalhães HIF, Moraes MO, Lima MAS, Silveira ER, Câmara CAG, Rao VS, Pessoa C, Costa-Lotufo LV. Kauren-19-oic acid induces DNA damage followed by apoptosis in human leukemia cells. J Appl Toxicol 2009; 29:560-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.1439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Arepalli SK, Sridhar V, Venkateswara Rao J, Kavin Kennady P, Venkateswarlu Y. Furano-sesquiterpene from soft coral, Sinularia kavarittiensis: induces apoptosis via the mitochondrial-mediated caspase-dependent pathway in THP-1, leukemia cell line. Apoptosis 2009; 14:729-40. [PMID: 19283488 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-009-0332-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bioassay directed fractionation and purification led to the successful isolation of a furano sesquiterpene, Methyl 5-[(1E,5E)-2,6-Dimethyl octa-1,5,7-trienyl] furan-3-carboxylate (MDTFC), a bioactive component from a soft coral, Sinularia kavarittiensis. Its structure was determined by analyzing (1)H, (13)C NMR and FAB-MS. The results show that MDTFC could efficiently and selectively inhibit the proliferation of several human cancer cell lines. Among all the cell lines, THP-1 was found to be most sensitive (IC(50) 29.59 microM), whereas the peripheral blood mononuclear cells were least effected (IC(50) 464.16 microM). The molecular mechanism of MDTFC mediated apoptosis was investigated for the first time. Induction of apoptosis in THP-1 cells was characterized by cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation, and decrease in level of pro-caspases 3, 9 and increase in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Our results were further strengthened through cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential (Psim) and cytosolic release of cytochrome c, which are key events during apoptosis. Moreover, phosphatidyl serine exposure and appearance of sub-G1 peak also demonstrated cell death, when analyzed by flow cytometry. DNA fragmentation was prevented moderately when pretreated with caspase-9 inhibitor (Z-LEHD-FMK) and largely with caspase-3 inhibitor (Z-DEVD-FMK). In summary, MDTFC mediated apoptosis involves mitochondria-dependent pathway and the present compound of marine origin might have a therapeutic value against human cancer cell lines and especially on leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Arepalli
- Toxicology Unit, Biology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 607, India
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Zhao YL, Tao Y, Fu CY, Kong ZQ, Chen Q, Wang R. Human hemokinin-1 and human hemokinin-1(4-11), mammalian tachykinin peptides, suppress proliferation and induce differentiation in HL-60 cells. Peptides 2009; 30:1514-22. [PMID: 19433125 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2009.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2009] [Revised: 04/29/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Human hemokinin-1 (h HK-1) and its truncated form h HK-1(4-11) are mammalian tachykinin peptides encoded by the TAC4 gene identified in human, and the biological functions of these peptides have not been well investigated. The tachykinins have shown immuno-regulatory activities in humans. In the present study, we investigated the effects of h HK-1 and h HK-1(4-11) on the proliferation and differentiation of a human promyelocyte leukemia cell line, HL-60. It is noteworthy that h HK-1 (1-300muM) displayed inhibitory effects on the proliferation of HL-60 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The effect of suppressing proliferation induced by these peptides was accompanied by an accumulation of cell cycle in the S phase. Moreover, this peptide induced differentiation of HL-60 cells by significantly increasing the NBT-reduction activity. The effects induced by h HK-1(4-11) on HL-60 cells were similar to that of h HK-1, indicating that it is the active fragment of h HK-1. However these effects induced by h HK-1 or h HK-1(4-11) were not antagonized by the NK(1) receptor antagonist SR140333 or the NK(2) receptor antagonist SR48968. All the results indicated that h HK-1 and h HK-1(4-11) were able to significantly inhibit proliferation and induce differentiation and S phase arrest of a human promyelocyte leukemia cell line HL-60, which may not be mediated through the activation of classical tachykinin NK(1) receptors and tachykinin NK(2) receptors. Our observations also implied that h HK-1 and h HK-1(4-11) could act as immunomodulatory factors in cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Cytotoxic, immunosuppressive, trypanocidal and antileishmanial activities of Basidiomycota fungi present in Atlantic Rainforest in Brazil. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2009; 95:227-37. [PMID: 19194781 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-009-9306-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2008] [Accepted: 01/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
One hundred three Basidiomycota fungi representing 84 species and 17 families were collected from different Atlantic Rainforest in Brazil. Their basidiomes and fermentation broth extracts were screened in a bioassay panel that included three human cancer cells lines, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), the enzyme trypanothione reductase (TryR) from Trypanosoma cruzi, and amastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis. Forty-two extracts representing 21 genera and 35 species presented activities higher than 60% in one or more assays employed in this study. Eighteen extracts were toxic to one or more human cancer cell lines. Extracts from Lentinus strigosus CCB 178 and Lentinus sp. UFMGCB 38 showed selectivity towards cancer cells as they showed only a minor impact on PBMCs. Six extracts suppressed PBMCs proliferation and showed low toxic effect to cancer cells. Thirty-four extracts inhibited the activity of the TryR. Of these, five showed low toxicity towards PBMCs. Extracts from Gymnopilus areolatus, Irpex lacteus, L. strigosus, Nothopanus hygrophanus, Pleurotus flabellatus, and unidentified Basidiomycetes were toxic to L. amazonensis. The results of this screening reinforce the potential of Basidiomycota fungi as sources of bioactive natural products that may be developed into new therapeutic agents for cancer and neglected diseases such as trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis.
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Villatoro-Pulido M, Font R, De Haro-Bravo MI, Romero-Jimenez M, Anter J, De Haro Bailon A, Alonso-Moraga A, Del Rio-Celestino M. Modulation of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity by radish grown in metal-contaminated soils. Mutagenesis 2008; 24:51-7. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gen051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Cavalcanti BC, Sombra CML, de Oliveira JHHL, Berlinck RGDS, de Moraes MO, Pessoa C. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of ingenamine G isolated from the Brazilian marine sponge Pachychalina alcaloidifera. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2008; 147:409-15. [PMID: 18291725 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2008.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2007] [Revised: 12/20/2007] [Accepted: 01/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Marine sponges belonging to the order Haplosclerida are one of the more prolific sources of new natural products possessing various biological activities. The present study examined the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of ingenamine G, an alkaloid isolated from the Brazilian marine sponge Pachychalina alcaloidifera. Ingenamine G displayed a moderate cytotoxic activity against human proliferating lymphocytes evaluated by the MTT assay (IC(50) 15 microg/mL). The hemolytic assay showed that ingenamine G cytotoxic activity was not related to membrane disruption. The comet assay and chromosome aberration analysis were applied to determine the genotoxic and clastogenic potential of ingenamine G, respectively. Cultured human lymphocytes were treated with 5, 10, 15 and 20 microg/mL of ingenamine G during the G(1), G(1)/S, S (pulses of 1 and 6 h), and G(2) phases of the cell cycle. All tested concentrations were cytotoxic, reduced significantly the mitotic index, and were clastogenic in all phases of the cell cycle, especially in S phase. While an increase in DNA-strand breaks was observed starting with the concentration corresponding to the IC(50). The presence of genotoxicity and polyploidy during interphase and mitosis, respectively, suggests that ingenamine G at high concentrations is clastogenic and indirectly affects the construction of mitotic fuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Coêlho Cavalcanti
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, CP 3157, CEP 60430-270, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Costa PMD, Ferreira PMP, Bolzani VDS, Furlan M, de Freitas Formenton Macedo Dos Santos VA, Corsino J, de Moraes MO, Costa-Lotufo LV, Montenegro RC, Pessoa C. Antiproliferative activity of pristimerin isolated from Maytenus ilicifolia (Celastraceae) in human HL-60 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2008; 22:854-63. [PMID: 18296021 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2008.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2007] [Revised: 12/11/2007] [Accepted: 01/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Pristimerin has been shown to be cytotoxic to several cancer cell lines. In the present work, the cytotoxicity of pristimerin was evaluated in human tumor cell lines and in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). This work also examined the effects of pristimerin (0.4; 0.8 and 1.7 microM) in HL-60 cells, after 6, 12 and 24h of exposure. Pristimerin reduced the number of viable cells and increased number of non-viable cells in a concentration-dependent manner by tripan blue test showing morphological changes consistent with apoptosis. Nevertheless, pristimerin was not selective to cancer cells, since it inhibited PBMC proliferation with an IC50 of 0.88 microM. DNA synthesis inhibition assessed by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation in HL-60 cells was 70% and 83% for the concentrations of 0.4 and 0.8 microM, respectively. Pristimerin (10 and 20 microM) was not able to inhibit topoisomerase I. In AO/EB (acridine orange/ethidium bromide) staining, all tested concentrations reduced the number of HL-60 viable cells, with the occurrence of necrosis and apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner, results in agreement with trypan blue exclusion findings. The analysis of membrane integrity and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation by flow cytometry in the presence of pristimerin indicated that treated cells underwent apoptosis. The present data point to the importance of pristimerin as representative of an emerging class of potential anticancer chemicals, exhibiting an antiproliferative effect by inhibiting DNA synthesis and triggering apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Marçal da Costa
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Campus do Porangabussu, UFC, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1127 - Rodolfo Teófilo, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Caixa Postal 3157, 60430-270 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Rocha D, Dantas I, Albuquerque M, Montenegro R, Pessoa C, de Moraes M, Pessoa O, Silveira E, Costa-Lotufo L. Studies on the Cytotoxicity of Miscellaneous Compounds fromEupatorium betonicaeforme (D.C.)Baker (Asteraceae). Chem Biodivers 2007; 4:2835-44. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200790233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Montenegro RC, de Vasconcellos MC, Silva Bezerra F, Andrade-Neto M, Pessoa C, de Moraes MO, Costa-Lotufo LV. Pisosterol induces monocytic differentiation in HL-60 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2007; 21:795-800. [PMID: 17367986 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2007.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2006] [Revised: 01/11/2007] [Accepted: 01/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether the antiproliferative effects observed for pisosterol, a cytotoxic triterpene isolated from Pisolithus tinctorius, are related to cell differentiation induction using HL-60 cell line as a model. Also, the effects of pisosterol on normal human cells were examined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The effects on cell viability and morphological changes were the first indications showing that pisosterol induces HL-60 differentiation. The demonstration of blue tetrazolium reduction in HL-60 cells exposed to pisosterol demonstrated differentiation in a dose- and time-dependent manner, reaching a maximum effect after 72 h incubation at 5 microg/mL. Assays for alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase activity indicated that pisosterol triggers differentiation towards a monocytic cell-like pathway. The antiproliferative effect of pisosterol was determined by inhibition of DNA synthesis based on BrdU incorporation into HL-60 proliferating cells. It appears that pisosterol-treated cells, despite displaying a differentiated phenotype, continued to proliferate at all doses tested after 72 h, with a slightly decrease at 5 microg/mL. Apoptosis was observed in pisosterol-treated cells in a dose-dependent way. Nevertheless, after the same period of incubation, no cytotoxicity was detected in PBMC in the presence of pisosterol even at 25 microg/mL, providing some evidence that pisosterol may be selective for tumor cells. The mechanisms underlying the effect of pisosterol in leukemia cells indicates the induction of a monocytic cell-like differentiation, suggesting that this compound could be used in the development of new pharmacological tools with potential therapeutic value in the management of leukemia with fewer side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Carvalho Montenegro
- Laboratório de Oncologia Experimental, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, P.O. Box 3157, 60430-270 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Soares de Oliveira J, Pereira Bezerra D, Teixeira de Freitas CD, Delano Barreto Marinho Filho J, Odorico de Moraes M, Pessoa C, Costa-Lotufo LV, Ramos MV. In vitro cytotoxicity against different human cancer cell lines of laticifer proteins of Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. Br. Toxicol In Vitro 2007; 21:1563-73. [PMID: 17604595 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2007.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2007] [Revised: 05/09/2007] [Accepted: 05/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This work evaluated the in vitro cytotoxic activity of laticifer proteins (LP) recovered from the latex of the medicinal plant Calotropis procera. The LP displayed considerable cytotoxicity with IC(50) values ranging from 0.42 to 1.36 microg/ml to SF295 and MDA-MB-435 cell lines, respectively. In healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to LP (10 microg/ml) for 72 h, no noticeable effects on viability or cell morphology were seen. The fractionating of LP on an ion exchange chromatography gave rise to a new fraction (PI) that retained almost all cytotoxicity. The cytotoxic effects of both LP and PI were diminished when previously treated with pronase, or 2-mercaptoethanol, suggesting a protein nature of active molecules, however, pre-incubation with dithiothreitol (DTT) only reduced PI activity. PI did not exhibit cysteine proteinase activity, indicating that cysteine proteinases, abundantly found in LP, are not implicated in LP cytotoxicity. In this study, using HL-60 cell as a model, LP was shown to inhibit DNA synthesis. This is probably due to alterations in the topology of DNA, since it was observed that LP is able to interfere in topoisomerase I activity by somehow acting upon DNA. LP provoked reduction in cell number but it did not cause any significant increase in the number of non-viable cells. These findings corroborated with the morphologic analysis, where cells treated with LP showed morphology of apoptotic process with abundant vacuoles, chromatin condensation and fragmentation of the nuclei. The results of this study suggests that LP is a target for DNA topoisomerase I triggering apoptosis in cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson Soares de Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Caixa Postal 6033, CEP 60.451-970, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Poersch A, dos Santos FV, Maciel MAM, de Câmara JKP, de Castro Dantas TN, de Syllos Cólus IM. Protective effect of DCTN (trans-dehydrocrotonin) against induction of micronuclei and apoptosis by different mutagenic agents in vitro. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2007; 629:14-23. [PMID: 17276134 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2007.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2005] [Revised: 12/14/2006] [Accepted: 01/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The use of medicinal plants to combat diseases has increased in the last years despite the little information available with regard to the possible health risks they represent. The aim of the present study was to determine in vitro the possible clastogenic, apoptotic and cytotoxic effects of the active principle of Croton cajucara, trans-dehydrocrotonin (DCTN), and determine its protective effect against three mutagenic agents using the micronucleus test (MN) and apoptosis index in CHO-K1 cells. Three DNA damage inducing agents were utilized in the clastogenicity and anticlastogenicity tests (methylmethane sulfonate (MMS), mitomycin C (MMC) and doxorubicin (DXR); a negative control (PBS) and solvent control were also included. DCTN at concentrations of 400, 320, 240, 160 and 80microM did not show clastogenic activity in cultured CHO-K1 cells in the micronucleus test, did not induce apoptosis and showed negligible cytotoxicity in all cases. DCTN at concentrations of 240 and 400microM was tested for protective activity using three treatment protocols in relation to positive controls: pre-treatment, simultaneous treatment and post-treatment. The micronucleus test showed a protective effect for DCTN which varied among the different treatment protocols and with regard to the different DNA damage inducing agents. In the apoptosis test, DCTN was seen to have a protective effect under the following conditions: (I) at both concentrations in relation to MMS, in all three treatment protocols; (II) at both concentrations against damage caused by MMC with pre-treatment and at the higher concentration with simultaneous treatment; (III) at both concentrations against DXR with simultaneous treatment. Therefore, DCTN itself is not a clastogenic or cytotoxic substance, and does not induce apoptosis the in vitro system used. These results together with findings reported for DCTN in vivo, support the indication of this active principle at these concentrations for therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Poersch
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, CCB, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Campus Universitário, CEP 86051.970 - Londrina (PR), Brazil
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Bezerra DP, Militão GCG, de Castro FO, Pessoa C, de Moraes MO, Silveira ER, Lima MAS, Elmiro FJM, Costa-Lotufo LV. Piplartine induces inhibition of leukemia cell proliferation triggering both apoptosis and necrosis pathways. Toxicol In Vitro 2007; 21:1-8. [PMID: 16971088 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2006.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2006] [Revised: 07/05/2006] [Accepted: 07/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Piplartine {5,6-dihydro-1-[1-oxo-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-2-propenyl]-2(1H)pyridinone} is an alkaloid/amide component of Piper species. The purpose of the present study was to examine the antiproliferative effects of piplartine on human leukemia cell lines HL-60, K562, Jukart, and Molt-4 using the trypan blue exclusion method, as well as the effect of piplartine on DNA synthesis. The viability of all human leukemia cell lines were not affected by piplartine after 6 h, 9 h, and 12 h exposure, whereas a steady decline was seen after an exposure time of 24 h. The antiproliferative activity of piplartine seemed to be related to the inhibition of DNA synthesis, as revealed by the reduction of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation after 24h of incubation. Piplartine-mediated reduction in cell number was associated with an increasing number of dead cells at a concentration of 10 microg/ml. These findings were corroborated by morphologic analysis. However, at the lowest concentration (2.5 microg/ml), piplartine-treated cells exhibited typical apoptotic morphological changes. The increase in caspase-3 activity was also observed in lysates of piplartine-treated cells (2.5 microg/ml). Our findings suggest that piplartine can suppress leukemia growth and reduce cell survival, triggering both apoptosis and/or necrosis, depending on the concentration used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pereira Bezerra
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Caixa Postal 3157, 60430-270 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Okonogi S, Duangrat C, Anuchpreeda S, Tachakittirungrod S, Chowwanapoonpohn S. Comparison of antioxidant capacities and cytotoxicities of certain fruit peels. Food Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Militão GCG, Bezerra DP, Pessoa C, de Moraes MO, da Ponte FAF, Lima MAS, Silveira ER, Costa-Lotufo LV. Comparative cytotoxicity of 2,3,9-trimethoxypterocarpan in leukemia cell lines (HL-60, Jurkat, Molt-4, and K562) and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Nat Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-006-0118-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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40
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Rocha DD, Militão GCG, Veras ML, Pessoa ODL, Silveira ER, Alves APNN, de Moraes MO, Pessoa C, Costa-Lotufo LV. Selective cytotoxicity of withaphysalins in myeloid leukemia cell lines versus peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Life Sci 2006; 79:1692-701. [PMID: 16824549 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2006.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2006] [Revised: 05/18/2006] [Accepted: 05/30/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Withaphysalins are C(28)-steroidal lactones structurally based on the ergostane skeleton that possess antiproliferative activity against tumor cell lines. In the present study, the antileukemic actvity of withaphysalin O (1), M (2), and N (3) isolated from Acnistus arborescens, against two leukemic cell lines, HL-60 and K562, was evaluated, and the cytotoxicity compared with the effects on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). All tested compounds reduced the number of viable cells of the tumor cell lines after 24 h of exposure, except for compound 2 against the K562 cell line. The reduction was time-and concentration-dependent, and the IC(50) values ranged from 0.7 to 3.5 microM after 72 h of incubation. In addition to the growth inhibitory properties, the drugs decreased DNA synthesis after 24 h of drug exposure evaluated by the 5-bromo-2 -deoxyuridine incorporation method. None of the tested compounds reduced the number of PBMC (IC(50)>20 microM) after 72 h of incubation, in contrast to doxorubicin that decreased viable cells and increased non-viable cells even after 24 h of incubation. Morphological analysis of treated cells using hematoxylin/eosin staining indicated the presence of necrotic cells for all tested compounds in HL-60, confirmed by the use of acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining. In addition to necrotic cells, K562 cells showed morphological alterations consistent with apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Damasceno Rocha
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Caixa Postal 3157, 60430-270 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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de Oliveira RB, de Souza-Fagundes EM, Siqueira HAJ, Leite RS, Donnici CL, Zani CL. Synthesis and evaluation of cytotoxic activity of arylfurans. Eur J Med Chem 2006; 41:756-60. [PMID: 16647161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2006.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/19/2006] [Accepted: 03/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of 2-aryl and 2,5-diarylfurans were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity against human cancer cells lines and on the proliferation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated with phytohemaglutinin (PHA). Three compounds were found to present significant activity against the cancer cell lines without affecting the lymphocyte proliferation in PBMCs, indicating low toxicity to normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata B de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Av. Augusto de Lima 1715, Belo Horizonte, MG 30190-002, Brazil
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Anazetti MC, Melo PS, Durán N, Haun M. Dehydrocrotonin and its derivative, dimethylamide-crotonin induce apoptosis with lipid peroxidation and activation of caspases-2, -6 and -9 in human leukemic cells HL60. Toxicology 2004; 203:123-37. [PMID: 15363588 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2004.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2003] [Revised: 06/03/2004] [Accepted: 06/04/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A variety of stimuli can induce cells to undergo apoptosis, with one of the most reproducible inducers being mild oxidative stress following exposure to anticancer agents. Apoptosis involves events mediated by cysteine proteases (caspases) that are classified as initiators (-8, -9 and -12) or executors (-2, -3, -6 and -7). In this study, we examined the mechanisms of apoptosis induced by dehydrocrotonin (DHC), a diterpene lactone isolated from the Amazonian plant Croton cajucara, and its synthetic derivative, dimethylamide-crotonin (DCR), in human HL60 promyelocytic leukemia cells. Flow cytometric analysis of HL60 cells after treatment for 72 h showed that DCR- and DHC-induced apoptosis, with maximum cell death at a concentration of 250 microM for both compounds. DCR and DHC were effective in triggering the activation of caspases-2, -6 and -9. The level of reduced glutathione (GSH) decreased, whereas there was an increase in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) production and in mitochondrial swelling. These effects on mitochondrial swelling, GSH content and lipid peroxidation were abolished by cyclosporine A, an inhibitor of the membrane permeability transition. The cytotoxicity of DHC and DCR was prevented by a high concentration of GSH (15 mM) in the culture medium. These results indicate that DCR and DHC produced apoptosis partly by oxidative stress-induced lipid peroxidation, which triggered the caspase cascade, that lead to apoptotic cell death in HL60 cells. Based on the pattern of caspase activation, on the increase in mitochondrial swelling and on the inhibitory action of cyclosporine A, we conclude that DCR and DHC triggered apoptosis in HL60 cells probably through cytochrome c release and apoptosome formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maristella C Anazetti
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CP 6109, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
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Melo PS, Justo GZ, Durán N, Haun M. Natural killer cell activity and anti-tumour effects of dehydrocrotonin and its synthetic derivatives. Eur J Pharmacol 2004; 487:47-54. [PMID: 15033375 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2003] [Revised: 01/16/2004] [Accepted: 01/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the anti-tumour properties of dehydrocrotonin and its derivatives were investigated in vitro and in vivo using the Ehrlich ascites tumour model. Treatment of Ehrlich ascites tumour-bearing mice with 20 mg/kg dehydrocrotonin for 4 days significantly increased survival, whereas administration of dehydrocrotonin derivatives was ineffective in affording protection. Compound IV exhibited little activity against Ehrlich tumour cells in vitro. Investigation of the effects of dehydrocrotonin treatment on total natural killer (NK) cell activity of tumour-bearing mice as a possible mechanism of dehydrocrotonin action in vivo revealed that this sesquiterpene lactone significantly improved NK cytotoxicity against YAC-1, a Moloney virus-induced mouse T-cell lymphoma of A/SN origin. As expected, tumour growth in non-treated mice markedly suppressed NK cell cytolysis. No effects on NK functional activity were observed in normal mice receiving dehydrocrotonin. In summary, only the natural compound exhibits anti-tumour efficacy and immunomodulatory actions in vivo, which may be related to its chemical structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia S Melo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), CP 6110, CEP 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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