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Almutairi N, Alhussein A, Alenizy M, Ba-Armah I, Sun J, Weir MD, Xu HHK. Novel Resin-Based Antibacterial Root Surface Coating Material to Combat Dental Caries. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:168. [PMID: 38921541 PMCID: PMC11204561 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15060168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Root caries caused by cariogenic bacteria are a burden on a large number of individuals worldwide, especially the elderly. Applying a protective coating to exposed root surfaces has the potential to inhibit the development of caries, thus preserving natural teeth. This study aimed to develop a novel antibacterial coating to combat root caries and evaluate its effectiveness using the antibacterial monomer dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM). DMAHDM was synthesized and incorporated into a resin consisting of 55.8% urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) and 44.2% TEG-DVBE (UV) at a 10% mass fraction of glass filler. Multiple concentrations of DMAHDM were tested for their impact on the resin's mechanical and physical properties. S. mutans biofilms grown on resin disks were analyzed for antibacterial efficacy. Cytotoxicity was assessed against human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). The results showed an 8-log reduction in colony-forming units (CFUs) against S. mutans biofilm (mean ± sd; n = 6) (p < 0.05) when 5% DMAHDM was incorporated into the UV resin. There was a 90% reduction in metabolic activity and lactic acid production. A low level of cytotoxicity against HGF was observed without compromising the physical and mechanical properties of the resin. This coating material demonstrated promising physical properties, potent antibacterial effects, and low toxicity, suggesting its potential to protect exposed roots from caries in various dental procedures and among elderly individuals with gingival recession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Almutairi
- PhD Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (N.A.)
- Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 16245, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alhussein
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad Alenizy
- PhD Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (N.A.)
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, University of Hail, Hail 55475, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Ba-Armah
- PhD Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (N.A.)
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jirun Sun
- The ADA Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Michael D. Weir
- Department of Biomaterials and Regenerative Dental Medicine, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Hockin H. K. Xu
- Department of Biomaterials and Regenerative Dental Medicine, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Saiprasert P, Tansakul C, Pikulngam A, Promphet P, Naorungroj S, Ratanasathien S, Aksornmuang J, Talungchit S. Novel hydrolytic resistant antibacterial monomers for dental resin adhesive. J Dent 2023; 135:104597. [PMID: 37348643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the properties of novel hydrolytic resistant antibacterial monomers and to determine the properties of resin adhesives containing these monomers. METHODS Methacrylamide-based QAC (Quaternary Ammonium Compound) monomers, 1-(11-Methacryla-midoundecyl)pyridine-1-ium bromide (MAUPB) and 1-(12-Methacryl-amidododecyl)pyridine-1-ium bromide (MADPB), and their methacrylate-derivatives, N-(1-Methacryloylundecanyl)pyridinium bromide (MUPB) and N-(1-Methacryloyldodecanyl)pyridinium bromide (MDPB), were synthesized and characterized. The minimum inhibitory (MIC) and bactericidal (MBC) concentrations were determined against S.mutans and E.faecalis. Cytotoxicity of unpolymerized monomers were evaluated using L-929 and MDPC-23. Each monomer was incorporated into experimental resins (BisGMA/TEGDMA/CQ/EDMAB or BisGMA/HEMA/CQ/EDMAB) at 10wt%. FTIR Spectra were collected for degree of conversion (DC%) measurement. Bacterial attachment on resin disks were determined by fluorescent microscope. Mechanical properties of experimental resins were evaluated by flexural strength & modulus and shear bond strength testing. RESULTS The antibacterial activity of MDPB≥MUPB>MADPB>MAUPB. The TC50 of MAUPB> MADPB>MUPB >MDPB. Incorporation of MAUPB in BisGMA/TEGDMA-based resin, had no significant effect on DC%, while significantly increase DC% in BisGMA/HEMA-based Resin. MUPB and MAUPB containing resins showed less viable bacterial attachment than pure resins. After 3-month storage, resins containing MAUPB illustrated higher flexural strength than their corresponding resins containing MUPB. BisGMA/HEMA-based resin containing MAUPB illustrated significantly higher resin-dentin shear bond strength than that of MUPB and pure resin. CONCLUSIONS Methacrylamide monomer containing QAC, MAUPB, possessed antibacterial properties and superior physical and mechanical properties when incorporated in resin adhesives as compared to their corresponding methacrylate monomer, MUPB. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Methacrylamide-based QAC monomers are potentially used to formulate antibacterial hydrolytic resistant resin adhesives and enhance resin-dentin bond strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piangkwan Saiprasert
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand, 90112.
| | - Chittreeya Tansakul
- Division of Physical Science and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand, 90112.
| | - Arthit Pikulngam
- Division of Physical Science and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand, 90112.
| | - Prompat Promphet
- Division of Physical Science and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand, 90112.
| | - Supawadee Naorungroj
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand, 90112.
| | - Somjin Ratanasathien
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand, 90112.
| | - Juthatip Aksornmuang
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand, 90112.
| | - Supitcha Talungchit
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand, 90112.
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Zhou W, Chen H, Weir MD, Oates TW, Zhou X, Wang S, Cheng L, Xu HH. Novel bioactive dental restorations to inhibit secondary caries in enamel and dentin under oral biofilms. J Dent 2023; 133:104497. [PMID: 37011782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide the first review on cutting-edge research on the development of new bioactive restorations to inhibit secondary caries in enamel and dentin under biofilms. State-of-the-art bioactive and therapeutic materials design, structure-property relationships, performance and efficacies in oral biofilm models. DATA, SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION Researches on development and assessment new secondary caries inhibition restorations via in vitro and in vivo biofilm-based secondary caries models were included. The search of articles was carried out in Web of Science, PubMed, Medline and Scopus. CONCLUSIONS Based on the found articles, novel bioactive materials are divided into different categories according to their remineralization and antibacterial biofunctions. In vitro and in vivo biofilm-based secondary caries models are effective way of evaluating the materials efficacies. However, new intelligent and pH-responsive materials were still urgent need. And the materials evaluation should be performed via more clinical relevant biofilm-based secondary caries models. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Secondary caries is a primary reason for dental restoration failures. Biofilms produce acids, causing demineralization and secondary caries. To inhibit dental caries and improve the health and quality of life for millions of people, it is necessary to summarize the present state of technologies and new advances in dental biomaterials for preventing secondary caries and protecting tooth structures against oral biofilm attacks. In addition, suggestions for future studies are provided.
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He J, Lassila L, Garoushi S, Vallittu P. Tailoring the monomers to overcome the shortcomings of current dental resin composites - review. Biomater Investig Dent 2023; 10:2191621. [PMID: 37090482 PMCID: PMC10120559 DOI: 10.1080/26415275.2023.2191621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental resin composites (DRCs) have become the first choice among different restorative materials for direct anterior and posterior restorations in the clinic. Though the properties of DRCs have been improved greatly in recent years, they still have several shortcomings, such as volumetric shrinkage and shrinkage stress, biofilm development, lack of radio-opacity for some specific DRCs, and estrogenicity, which need to be overcome. The resin matrix, composed of different monomers, constitutes the continuous phase and determine the performance of DRCs. Thus, the chemical structure of the monomers plays an important role in modifying the properties of DRCs. Numerous researchers have taken to design and develop novel monomers with specific functions for the purpose of fulfilling the needs in dentistry. In this review, the development of monomers in DRCs were highlighted, especially focusing on strategies aimed at reducing volumetric shrinkage and shrinkage stress, endowing bacteriocidal and antibacterial adhesion activities as well as protein-repelling activity, increasing radio-opacity, and replacing Bis-GMA. The influences of these novel monomers on the properties of DRCs were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- CONTACT Jingwei He College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lippo Lassila
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sufyan Garoushi
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Pekka Vallittu
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Wellbeing Services County of South-West Finland, Turku, Finland
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Shi Y, He Y, Liu J, Tang X, Xu H, Liang J. High-efficacy antimicrobial acyclic N-halamine-grafted polyvinyl alcohol film. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022; 80:1-15. [PMID: 36530485 PMCID: PMC9734778 DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04614-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as raw materials, a polymer (PVA-MBA) containing N-halamine precursor functional groups was obtained via grafting reaction between the active hydroxyl groups on PVA and α, β-unsaturated functional groups of MBA under the catalysis of sodium carbonate in an aqueous solution. An acyclic N-halamine precursor-grafted PVA (MBA-PVA) film was formed by simply spreading PVA-MBA aqueous solution in a glass dish and drying it. An antimicrobial acyclic N-halamine-grafted PVA (PVA-MBA-Cl) film was achieved by spraying the diluted sodium hypochlorite solution onto the surface of PVA-MBA film. The performance test of PVA-MBA-Cl film under the optimal preparation conditions showed that the tensile performance and the hydrophobicity were improved, compared to the PVA film. The storage stability test indicated that the oxidative chlorine content Cl+ (atoms/cm2) of the as-prepared PVA-MBA-Cl film only reduced by 14.3% after storage for 9 weeks, showing that the antibacterial N-halamine functional groups in PVA-MBA-Cl film has excellent storage stability under room temperature. Antibacterial test showed that the PVA-MBA-Cl film had very strong antibacterial efficacies and could completely kill 1.28 × 106 CFU/mL S. aureus and 1.89 × 106 CFU/mL E. coli within 1 min. Therefore, PVA-MBA-Cl film will have more potential applications in food package.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Shi
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yijing He
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiarun Liu
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuan Tang
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234 People’s Republic of China
| | - Haidong Xu
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Liang
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234 People’s Republic of China
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German MJ. Developments in resin-based composites. Br Dent J 2022; 232:638-643. [PMID: 35562465 PMCID: PMC9106574 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-022-4240-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
With the phasing down of dental amalgam use in response to the Minamata Convention, it is likely that resin-based composite restoratives will be the dental material of choice for the direct restoration of compromised dentition in the UK, at least for the foreseeable future. The current materials have a finite lifespan, with failures predominately due to either secondary caries or fracture. Consequently, there is considerable in vitro research reported each year with the intention of producing improved materials. This review describes the recent research in materials designed to have low polymerisation shrinkage and increased mechanical properties. Also described is research into materials that are either antimicrobial or are designed to release ions into the surrounding oral environment, with the aim of stimulating remineralisation of the surrounding dental tissues. It is hoped that by describing this recent research, clinicians will be able to gain some understanding of the current research that will potentially lead to new products that they can use to improve patient treatment in the future. Provides an overview of recent research developments aimed at improving the performance of resin-based composites. Details the recent developments in monomers and fillers to produce resin-based composites that either have lower polymerisation shrinkage or better mechanical properties compared to current commercially available products. Describes recent research on developing resin-based composites that can act as potential sources of antimicrobial or remineralising agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J German
- School of Dental Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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Alkattan R, Banerji S, Deb S. A multi-functional dentine bonding system combining a phosphate monomer with eugenyl methacrylate. Dent Mater 2022; 38:1030-1043. [PMID: 35473789 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The tooth-resin composite interface is frequently associated with failure because of microbial contamination, hydrolytic and collagenolytic degradation. Thus, designing a dentine bonding system (DBS) with an intrinsically antimicrobial polymerisable monomer is of significance especially if it can be used with self-etching primers enabling resistance to degradation of the interface. METHODS Experimental adhesives were developed incorporating eugenyl methacrylate (EgMA) at concentrations of 0,10 or 20 wt%, designated as EgMA0, EgMA10 and EgMA20, respectively, for use as a two-step self-etch DBS with the functional monomer bis[2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl] phosphate (BMEP) in the primer. The curing, thermal and wettability properties of the adhesives were determined, and hybrid layer formation was characterised by confocal laser scanning microscopy, microtensile bond strengths (µTBS) and nanoleakage by back-scattered SEM. In situ zymography was used to assess MMP inhibitory activity of the BMEP-EgMA DBS. RESULTS EgMA in the adhesives lowered the polymerisation exotherm and resulted in higher Tg, without negatively affecting degree of conversion. Water sorption and solubility were significantly lower with higher concentrations of EgMA in the adhesive. The formation of a distinct hybrid layer was evident from confocal images with the different adhesives, whilst EgMA20 yielded the highest µTBS post water storage challenges and lowest nanoleakage after 6 months. The experimental DBS exhibited minimal to no MMP activity at 3 months. SIGNIFICANCE The hydrophobic nature of EgMA and high cross-link density exerts considerable benefits in lowering water uptake and polymerisation exotherm. The application of EgMA, adhesives in conjunction with BMEP in a multi-functional self-etching DBS can resist MMP activity, hence, enhance longevity of the dentine-resin composite interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Alkattan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Restorative Dental Science, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Subir Banerji
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Prosthodontics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sanjukta Deb
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
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Al-Qarni F, Weir M, Melo MA, Al-Dulaijan Y, Almulhim KS, Xu HHK. Novel calcium phosphate ion-rechargeable and antibacterial adhesive to inhibit dental caries. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:313-323. [PMID: 34110495 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to develop an antibacterial and calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) rechargeable adhesive and investigate the effects of dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) and nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) on dentin bonding, biofilm response, and repeated Ca and P ion recharge and re-release capability for the first time. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pyromellitic glycerol dimethacrylate (PMGDM), ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate (EBPADMA), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and bisphenol A glycidyl dimethacrylate (BisGMA) formed the adhesive (PEHB). Three groups were tested: (1) Scotchbond (SBMP, 3 M) control, (2) PEHB + 30% NACP, and (3) PEHB + 30% NACP + 5% DMAHDM. Specimens were tested for dentin shear bond strength, and Ca and P ion release, recharge, and re-release. Biofilm lactic acid production and colony-forming units (CFU) on resins were analyzed. RESULTS The four groups had similar dentin shear bond strengths (p > 0.1). Adhesive with DMAHDM showed significant decrease in metabolic activity, lactic acid production, and biofilm CFU (p < 0.05). The adhesives containing NACP released high levels of Ca and P ions initially and after being recharged. CONCLUSION This study developed the first Ca and P ion-rechargeable and antibacterial adhesive, achieving strong antibacterial activity and Ca and P ion recharge and re-release for long-term remineralization. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Considering the restoration-tooth bonded interface being the weak link and recurrent caries at the margins being the primary reason for restoration failures, this novel calcium phosphate-rechargeable and antibacterial adhesive is promising for a wide range of tooth-restoration applications to inhibit caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Al-Qarni
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences & Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mary A Melo
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences & Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yousif Al-Dulaijan
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid S Almulhim
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences & Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
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Albeshir EG, Balhaddad AA, Mitwalli H, Wang X, Sun J, Melo MAS, Weir MD, Xu HHK. Minimally-invasive dentistry via dual-function novel bioactive low-shrinkage-stress flowable nanocomposites. Dent Mater 2021; 38:409-420. [PMID: 34973816 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this in vitro study were to develop a novel low-shrinkage-stress flowable nanocomposite with antibacterial properties through the incorporation of dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) and nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP), and investigate the mechanical and oral biofilm properties, to be used in minimally-invasive techniques. METHODS The light-cured low-shrinkage-stress flowable resin was formulated by mixing urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) and triethylene glycol divinylbenzyl ether (TEG-DVBE) at a 1:1 mass ratio. Different mass fractions of glass, and either 5% DMAHDM or 20%NACP or both were incorporated. Paste flowability, ultimate micro tensile strength and surface roughness were evaluated. The antibacterial response of DMAHDM resin was assessed by using biofilms of human saliva-derived microcosm model. Virtuoso flowable composite was used as a control. RESULTS (45% resin+5% DMAHDM+20% NACP+30% glass) formula yielded the needed outcomes. It had flow rate within the range of ISO requirement. The micro tensile strength was (39.1 ± 4.3) MPa, similar to (40.1 ± 4.0) MPa for commercial control (p > 0.05). The surface roughness values of the novel composite (0.079 ± 0.01) µm similar to commercial composite (0.09 ± 0.02) µm (p > 0.05). Salivary microcosm biofilm colony forming unit values were reduced by 5-6 logs (p < 0.05). Biofilm metabolic activity was also substantially reduced, compared to control composite (p < 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE The novel bioactive flowable nanocomposite achieved strong antibacterial activities without compromising the mechanical properties. It is promising to be used as pit and fissure sealants, and as fillings in conservative cavities to inhibit recurrent caries and increase restoration longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebtehal G Albeshir
- Ph.D. Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Restorative Dentistry, King Abdul-Aziz Medical City, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulrahman A Balhaddad
- Ph.D. Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Heba Mitwalli
- Ph.D. Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Volpe Research Center, American Dental Association Foundation, Frederick, MD 21704, USA
| | - Jirun Sun
- The Forsyth Institute, A Harvard School of Dental Medicine Affiliate, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Mary Ann S Melo
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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10
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Belmar da Costa M, Delgado AHS, Amorim Afonso T, Proença L, Ramos AS, Mano Azul A. Investigating a Commercial Functional Adhesive with 12-MDPB and Reactive Filler to Strengthen the Adhesive Interface in Eroded Dentin. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13203562. [PMID: 34685320 PMCID: PMC8538624 DOI: 10.3390/polym13203562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To compare the adhesive interface of eroded dentin formed by a functional dental adhesive and a gold standard strategy, by testing microtensile bond strength (μTBS), hardness/elastic modulus. Permanent sound human molars were randomly allocated to four experimental groups, all subject to artificial erosion (0.05 M citric acid; 3× daily, 5 days). Groups included control Clearfil SE Bond 2 (CFSE), and experimental group Clearfil SE Protect (CFP), at two different time points-immediate (24 h) and long term (3 months–3 M). Samples were sectioned into microspecimens for μTBS (n = 8) and into 2-mm thick slabs for nanoindentation assays (n = 3). Groups CFSE_3M and CFP_3M were stored in artificial saliva. Statistical analysis included two-way ANOVA for μTBS data, while hardness/modulus results were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis H Test (significance level of 5%; SPSS v.27.0). Although no significant differences were found between mean μTBS values, for different adhesives and time points (p > 0.05), a positive trend, with μTBS rising in the CFP_3M group, was observed. Regarding hardness, no significant differences were seen in the hybrid layer, considering the two variables (p > 0.05), while the reduced elastic modulus rose in CFP_3M when compared to 24 h. Thus, CFP shows similar mechanical and adhesive performance to CFSE in eroded dentin, although it may comprise promising long-term results. This is advantageous in eroded substrates due to their increased enzymatic activity and need for remineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalena Belmar da Costa
- Unit of Conservative Dentistry, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal; (M.B.d.C.); (T.A.A.); (A.M.A.)
| | - António HS Delgado
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal;
- Division of Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, Royal Free Hospital, Hampstead, London NW3 2PF, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Tomás Amorim Afonso
- Unit of Conservative Dentistry, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal; (M.B.d.C.); (T.A.A.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Luís Proença
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal;
| | - Ana Sofia Ramos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Coimbra, CEMMPRE, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Ana Mano Azul
- Unit of Conservative Dentistry, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal; (M.B.d.C.); (T.A.A.); (A.M.A.)
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal;
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Filemban H, Bhadila G, Wang X, Melo MAS, Oates TW, Weir MD, Sun J, Xu HH. Novel low-shrinkage-stress bioactive nanocomposite with anti-biofilm and remineralization capabilities to inhibit caries. J Dent Sci 2021; 17:811-821. [PMID: 35756812 PMCID: PMC9201927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2021.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose A common reason for dental composite restoration failure is recurrent caries at the margins. Our objectives were to: (1) develop a novel low-shrinkage-stress, antibacterial and remineralizing resin composite; (2) evaluate the effects of dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) on mechanical properties, biofilm inhibition, calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) ion release, degree of conversion, and shrinkage stress on the new low-shrinkage-stress resin composite for the first time. Material and methods The resin consisted of urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) and triethylene glycol divinylbenzyl ether (TEG-DVBE) with high resistance to salivary hydrolytic degradation. Composites were made with 0%–8% of DMAHDM for antibacterial activity, and 20% of nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) for remineralization. Mechanical properties and Streptococcus mutans biofilm growth on composites were assessed. Ca and P ion releases, degree of conversion and shrinkage stress were evaluated. Results Adding 2–5% DMAHDM and 20% NACP into the low-shrinkage-stress composite did not compromise the mechanical properties (p > 0.05). The incorporation of DMAHDM greatly reduced S. mutans biofilm colony-forming units by 2–5 log and lactic acid production by 7 folds, compared to a commercial composite (p < 0.05). Adding 5% DMAHDM did not compromise the Ca and P ion release. The low-shrinkage-stress composite maintained a high degree of conversion of approximately 70%, while reducing the shrinkage stress by 37%, compared to a commercial control (p < 0.05). Conclusion The bioactive low-shrinkage-stress composite reduced the polymerization shrinkage stress, without compromising other properties. Increasing the DMAHDM content increased the antibacterial effect in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Filemban
- Ph.D. Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, USA
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, USA
- Department of Operative Dentistry, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghalia Bhadila
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- American Dental Association Science and Research Institute, LLC., Gaithersburg, USA
| | - Mary Ann S. Melo
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, USA
| | - Thomas W. Oates
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, USA
| | - Michael D. Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, USA
- Corresponding author. Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division. Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, 21201, MD, USA.
| | - Jirun Sun
- The Forsyth Institute, Harvard School of Dental Medicine Affiliate, Cambridge, USA
- Corresponding author. The Forsyth Institute, Harvard School of Dental Medicine Affiliate, 245 First Street, Cambridge, 02142, MA, USA.
| | - Hockin H.K. Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
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12
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Mitwalli H, AlSahafi R, Albeshir EG, Dai Q, Sun J, Oates TW, Melo MAS, Xu HHK, Weir MD. Novel Nano Calcium Fluoride Remineralizing and Antibacterial Dental Composites. J Dent 2021; 113:103789. [PMID: 34455017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Composites with remineralizing and antibacterial properties are favorable for caries inhibition. The objectives of this study were to develop a new bioactive nanocomposite with remineralizing and antibiofilm properties by incorporating dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) and nano-calcium fluoride (nCaF2). METHODS nCaF2 was produced via a spray-drying method and integrated at 15% mass fraction into composite. DMAHDM was added at 3% mass fraction. Mechanical properties and F and Ca ion releases were assessed. Colony-forming units (CFU), lactic acid and metabolic activity of biofilms on composites were performed. RESULTS The new composites had flexural strengths of (95.28±6.32) MPa and (125.93±7.49) MPa, which were within the ISO recommendations. Biofilm CFU were reduced by 3-4 log (p<0.05). The composites achieved high F releases of (0.89±0.01) mmol/L and (0.44±0.01) mmol/L, and Ca releases of (1.46±0.05) mmol/L and (0.54±0.005) mmol/L. CONCLUSIONS New nanocomposites were developed with good mechanical properties, potent antibacterial activity against salivary biofilms, and high F and Ca ion releases with potential for remineralization. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Novel nanocomposites using nCaF2 and DMAHDM were developed with potent antibacterial and remineralizing effects and high F and Ca ion releases. They are promising to inhibit recurrent caries, promote remineralization, and possess long-term sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Mitwalli
- Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashed AlSahafi
- Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebtehal G Albeshir
- Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Department of Restorative Dentistry, King Abdul-Aziz Medical City, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Quan Dai
- Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research; College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Jirun Sun
- The Forsyth Institute, A Harvard School of Dental Medicine Affiliate, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Thomas W Oates
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Mary Anne S Melo
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States.
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States.
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13
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Bhadila G, Menon D, Wang X, Vila T, Melo MAS, Montaner S, Arola DD, Weir MD, Sun J, Hockin H K, Xu. Long-term antibacterial activity and cytocompatibility of novel low-shrinkage-stress, remineralizing composites. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2021; 32:886-905. [PMID: 33482702 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2021.1878805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A low-shrinkage-stress (LSS), antibacterial and remineralizing nanocomposite was recently developed; however, validation of its long-term antibacterial potency in modulating human salivary-derived biofilm is an unmet need. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial effect of the bioactive LSS composite before and after aging in acidic solution for 90 days using a multi-species biofilm model, and to evaluate its cytotoxicity. The LSS composite consisted of urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) and triethylene glycol divinylbenzyl ether (TEG-DVBE), 3% dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) and 20% nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP). Biofilm colony-forming units (CFU), lactic acid production, and confocal laser scanning microscopy (3D biofilm) were evaluated before and after three months of aging. Cytotoxicity was assessed against human gingival fibroblasts (HGF). The new LSS composite presented the lowest biofilm CFU, lactic acid and biofilm biomass, compared to controls (n = 6, p < 0.05). Importantly, the new composite exhibited no significant difference in antibacterial performance before and after 90-day-aging, demonstrating long-term antibacterial activity (p > 0.1). The LSS antibacterial and remineralizing composite presented a low cell viability at original extract that has increased with further dilutions. In conclusion, this study spotlighted that the new bioactive composite not only had a low shrinkage stress, but also down-regulated the growth of oral biofilms, reduced acid production, maintained antibacterial activity after the 90-day-aging, and did not compromise the cytocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghalia Bhadila
- Ph.D. Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deepak Menon
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Volpe Research Center, American Dental Association Foundation, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Taissa Vila
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mary Ann S Melo
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Silvia Montaner
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dwayne D Arola
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jirun Sun
- Volpe Research Center, American Dental Association Foundation, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | - Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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14
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Bhadila G, Wang X, Weir MD, Melo MAS, Martinho F, Fay GG, Oates TW, Sun J, Xu HHK. Low-shrinkage-stress nanocomposite: An insight into shrinkage stress, antibacterial, and ion release properties. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 109:1124-1134. [PMID: 33386668 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The aims are: (a) To develop the first low-shrinkage-stress nanocomposite with antibacterial and remineralization capabilities through the incorporation of dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) and nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP); (b) to investigate the effects of the new composite on biofilm inhibition, mechanical properties, shrinkage stress, and calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) ion releases. The low-shrinkage-stress resin consisted of urethane dimethacrylate and triethylene glycol divinylbenzyl ether. Composite was formulated with 3% DMAHDM and 20% NACP. Mechanical properties, shrinkage stress, and degree of conversion were evaluated. Streptococcus mutans biofilm growth on composites was assessed. Ca and P ion releases were measured. The shrinkage stress of the low-shrinkage-stress composite containing 3% DMAHDM and 20% NACP was 36% lower than that of traditional composite control (p < 0.05), with similar degrees of conversion of 73.9%. The new composite decreased the biofilm colony-forming unit by 4 log orders and substantially reduced biofilm lactic acid production compared to control composite (p < 0.05). Incorporating DMAHDM to the low-shrinkage-stress composite did not adversely affect the Ca and P ion release. A novel bioactive nanocomposite was developed with low shrinkage stress, strong antibiofilm activity, and high levels of ion release for remineralization, without undermining the mechanical properties and degree of conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghalia Bhadila
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Volpe Research Center, American Dental Association Foundation, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mary Ann S Melo
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Frederico Martinho
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Guadalupe Garcia Fay
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas W Oates
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jirun Sun
- Volpe Research Center, American Dental Association Foundation, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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15
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Novel Orthodontic Cement Comprising Unique Imidazolium-Based Polymerizable Antibacterial Monomers. J Funct Biomater 2020; 11:jfb11040075. [PMID: 33080813 PMCID: PMC7712085 DOI: 10.3390/jfb11040075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
White spot lesions (WSLs) can develop quickly and compromise the successful outcome of the orthodontic treatment. Orthodontic bonding cement with the capability to prevent or mitigate WSLs could be beneficial, especially for patients with high risk of caries. This study explored novel mono- and di-imidazolium-based polymerizable antibacterial monomers and evaluated orthodontic cement compositions comprising such novel monomers. Their antibacterial potentials, mechanical properties, and shear bond strength (SBS) to bovine enamel were investigated. Statistical tests were applied to SBS and mechanical tests (one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test). For antibacterial resins C (ABR-C) and E (ABR-E), their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against cariogenic Streptococcus mutans bacterial strain UA159 were found to be 4 μg/mL and 8 μg /mL, respectively. The loss of dry mass from completely demineralized dentin beams in buffer solutions pre-dipped into ABR-C and ABR-E resins is much less than that in control buffer (artificial saliva) only. For unfilled resins comprising up to 12 wt % ABR-C, no significant decreases in flexural strength or modulus were observed. For experimental cements incorporating 1–4 wt % ABR-C, there was no drastic compromise to the SBS to enamel except for 3 wt % ABR-C. Furthermore, their SBS was all comparable to the commercially available orthodontic cements. The ISO-22196 antimicrobial test against S. aureus showed significant levels of antibacterial effects—up to over 5 logs of microorganism reduction exhibited by ABR-C-containing experimental cements. The imidazolium-based polymerizable monomers could be utilized to functionalize orthodontic bonding cement with steady antibacterial activity and develop a potential strategy to counteract WSLs.
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16
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Application of Antimicrobial Polymers in the Development of Dental Resin Composite. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204738. [PMID: 33076515 PMCID: PMC7587579 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental resin composites have been widely used in a variety of direct and indirect dental restorations due to their aesthetic properties compared to amalgams and similar metals. Despite the fact that dental resin composites can contribute similar mechanical properties, they are more likely to have microbial accumulations leading to secondary caries. Therefore, the effective and long-lasting antimicrobial properties of dental resin composites are of great significance to their clinical applications. The approaches of ascribing antimicrobial properties to the resin composites may be divided into two types: The filler-type and the resin-type. In this review, the resin-type approaches were highlighted. Focusing on the antimicrobial polymers used in dental resin composites, their chemical structures, mechanical properties, antimicrobial effectiveness, releasing profile, and biocompatibility were included, and challenges, as well as future perspectives, were also discussed.
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17
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Zhou W, Peng X, Zhou X, Bonavente A, Weir MD, Melo MAS, Imazato S, Oates TW, Cheng L, Xu HHK. Novel Nanocomposite Inhibiting Caries at the Enamel Restoration Margins in an In Vitro Saliva-Derived Biofilm Secondary Caries Model. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176369. [PMID: 32887330 PMCID: PMC7503730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary caries often occurs at the tooth-composite margins. This study developed a novel bioactive composite containing DMAHDM (dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate) and NACP (nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate), inhibiting caries at the enamel restoration margins in an in vitro saliva-derived biofilm secondary caries model for the first time. Four composites were tested: (1) Heliomolar nanocomposite, (2) 0% DMAHDM + 0% NACP, (3) 3% DMAHDM + 0% NACP, (D) 3% DMAHDM + 30% NACP. Saliva-derived biofilms were tested for antibacterial effects of the composites. Bovine enamel restorations were cultured with biofilms, Ca and P ion release of nanocomposite and enamel hardness at the enamel restoration margins was measured. Incorporation of DMAHDM and NACP into composite did not affect the mechanical properties (p > 0.05). The biofilms’ CFU (colony-forming units) were reduced by 2 logs via DMAHDM (p < 0.05). Ca and P ion release of the nanocomposite was increased at cariogenic low pH. Enamel hardness at the margins for DMAHDM group was 25% higher than control (p < 0.05). With DMAHDM + NACP, the enamel hardness was the greatest and about 50% higher than control (p < 0.05). Therefore, the novel composite containing DMAHDM and NACP was strongly antibacterial and inhibited enamel demineralization, resulting in enamel hardness at the margins under biofilms that approached the hardness of healthy enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (W.Z.); (X.P.); (X.Z.)
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.B.); (M.D.W.); (M.A.S.M.); (T.W.O.)
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xinyu Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (W.Z.); (X.P.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (W.Z.); (X.P.); (X.Z.)
| | - Andrea Bonavente
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.B.); (M.D.W.); (M.A.S.M.); (T.W.O.)
| | - Michael D. Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.B.); (M.D.W.); (M.A.S.M.); (T.W.O.)
| | - Mary Anne S. Melo
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.B.); (M.D.W.); (M.A.S.M.); (T.W.O.)
| | - Satoshi Imazato
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;
| | - Thomas W. Oates
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.B.); (M.D.W.); (M.A.S.M.); (T.W.O.)
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (W.Z.); (X.P.); (X.Z.)
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.B.); (M.D.W.); (M.A.S.M.); (T.W.O.)
- Correspondence: (L.C.); (H.H.K.X.)
| | - Hockin H. K. Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.B.); (M.D.W.); (M.A.S.M.); (T.W.O.)
- Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Correspondence: (L.C.); (H.H.K.X.)
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18
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Zhou W, Peng X, Zhou X, Weir MD, Melo MAS, Tay FR, Imazato S, Oates TW, Cheng L, Xu HHK. In vitro evaluation of composite containing DMAHDM and calcium phosphate nanoparticles on recurrent caries inhibition at bovine enamel-restoration margins. Dent Mater 2020; 36:1343-1355. [PMID: 32800353 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recurrent caries is a primary reason for restoration failure caused by biofilm acids. The objectives of this study were to: (1) develop a novel multifunctional composite with antibacterial function and calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) ion release, and (2) investigate the effects on enamel demineralization and hardness at the margins under biofilms. METHODS Dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) and nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) were incorporated into composite. Four groups were tested: (1) Commercial control (Heliomolar), (2) Experimental control (0% DMAHDM + 0% NACP), (3) antibacterial group (3% DMAHDM + 0% NACP), (D) antibacterial and remineralizing group (3% DMAHDM + 30% NACP). Mechanical properties and Ca and P ion release were measured. Colony-forming units (CFU), lactic acid and polysaccharide of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) biofilms were evaluated. Demineralization of bovine enamel with restorations was induced via S. mutans, and enamel hardness was measured. Data were analyzed via one-way and two-way analyses of variance and Tukey's multiple comparison tests. RESULTS Adding DMAHDM and NACP into composite did not compromise the mechanical properties (P > 0.05). Ca and P ion release of 3% DMAHDM + 30% NACP was increased at cariogenic low pH. Biofilm lactic acid and polysaccharides were greatly decreased via DMAHDM, and CFU was reduced by 4 logs (P < 0.05). Under biofilm acids, enamel hardness at the margins was decreased to about 0.5 GPa for control; it was about 1 GPa for antibacterial group, and 1.3 GPa for antibacterial and remineralizing group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The novel 3% DMAHDM + 30% NACP composite had strong antibacterial effects. It substantially reduced enamel demineralization adjacent to restorations under biofilm acid attacks, yielding enamel hardness that was 2-fold greater than that of control composites. The novel multifunctional composite is promising to inhibit recurrent caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Xian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Mary Anne S Melo
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Franklin R Tay
- The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Satoshi Imazato
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Thomas W Oates
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Novel CaF 2 Nanocomposites with Antibacterial Function and Fluoride and Calcium Ion Release to Inhibit Oral Biofilm and Protect Teeth. J Funct Biomater 2020; 11:jfb11030056. [PMID: 32752248 PMCID: PMC7564802 DOI: 10.3390/jfb11030056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The objective of this study was to develop a novel dental nanocomposite containing dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM), 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC), and nanoparticles of calcium fluoride (nCaF2) for preventing recurrent caries via antibacterial, protein repellent and fluoride releasing capabilities. (2) Methods: Composites were made by adding 3% MPC, 3% DMAHDM and 15% nCaF2 into bisphenol A glycidyl dimethacrylate (Bis-GMA) and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) (denoted BT). Calcium and fluoride ion releases were evaluated. Biofilms of human saliva were assessed. (3) Results: nCaF2+DMAHDM+MPC composite had the lowest biofilm colony forming units (CFU) and the greatest ion release; however, its mechanical properties were lower than commercial control composite (p < 0.05). nCaF2+DMAHDM composite had similarly potent biofilm reduction, with mechanical properties matching commercial control composite (p > 0.05). Fluoride and calcium ion releases from nCaF2+DMAHDM were much more than commercial composite. Biofilm CFU on composite was reduced by 4 logs (n = 9, p < 0.05). Biofilm metabolic activity and lactic acid were also substantially reduced by nCaF2+DMAHDM, compared to commercial control composite (p < 0.05). (4) Conclusions: The novel nanocomposite nCaF2+DMAHDM achieved strong antibacterial and ion release capabilities, without compromising the mechanical properties. This bioactive nanocomposite is promising to reduce biofilm acid production, inhibit recurrent caries, and increase restoration longevity.
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20
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Mitwalli H, Alsahafi R, Balhaddad AA, Weir MD, Xu HHK, Melo MAS. Emerging Contact-Killing Antibacterial Strategies for Developing Anti-Biofilm Dental Polymeric Restorative Materials. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:E83. [PMID: 32751652 PMCID: PMC7552663 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7030083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymeric materials are the first choice for restoring tooth cavities, bonding tooth-colored fillings, sealing root canal systems, and many other dental restorative applications. However, polymeric materials are highly susceptible to bacterial attachment and colonization, leading to dental diseases. Many approaches have been investigated to minimize the formation of biofilms over polymeric restorative materials and at the tooth/material interfaces. Among them, contact-killing compounds have shown promising results to inhibit dental biofilms. Contact-killing compounds can be immobilized within the polymer structure, delivering a long-lasting effect with no leaching or release, thus providing advantages compared to release-based materials. This review discusses cutting-edge research on the development of contact-killing compounds in dental restorative materials to target oral pathogens. Contact-killing compounds in resin composite restorations, dental adhesives, root canal sealers, denture-based materials, and crown cements have all demonstrated promising antibacterial properties. Contact-killing restorative materials have been found to effectively inhibit the growth and activities of several oral pathogens related to dental caries, periodontal diseases, endodontic, and fungal infections. Further laboratory optimization and clinical trials using translational models are needed to confirm the clinical applicability of this new generation of contact-killing dental restorative materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Mitwalli
- Program in Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (H.M.); (R.A.); (A.A.B.); (M.D.W.)
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashed Alsahafi
- Program in Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (H.M.); (R.A.); (A.A.B.); (M.D.W.)
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A. Balhaddad
- Program in Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (H.M.); (R.A.); (A.A.B.); (M.D.W.)
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael D. Weir
- Program in Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (H.M.); (R.A.); (A.A.B.); (M.D.W.)
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Hockin H. K. Xu
- Program in Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (H.M.); (R.A.); (A.A.B.); (M.D.W.)
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology; Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Mary Anne S. Melo
- Program in Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (H.M.); (R.A.); (A.A.B.); (M.D.W.)
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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21
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Zhou W, Zhou X, Huang X, Zhu C, Weir MD, Melo MA, Bonavente A, Lynch CD, Imazato S, Oates TW, Cheng L, Xu HH. Antibacterial and remineralizing nanocomposite inhibit root caries biofilms and protect root dentin hardness at the margins. J Dent 2020; 97:103344. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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22
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Bhadila G, Baras BH, Weir MD, Wang H, Melo MAS, Hack GD, Bai Y, Xu HHK. Novel antibacterial calcium phosphate nanocomposite with long-term ion recharge and re-release to inhibit caries. Dent Mater J 2020; 39:678-689. [PMID: 32295987 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2019-203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Short-term studies on calcium-phosphate (CaP) ion-rechargeable composites were reported. The long-term rechargeability is important but unknown. The objectives of this study were to investigate nanocomposite with strong antibacterial and ion-recharge capabilities containing dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) and nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP), and evaluate long-term ion-recharge by testing for 12 cycles (taking 6 months to complete) for the first time. Three groups were tested: (1) Heliomolar control; (2) Resin+20%NACP+50%glass; (3) Resin+3%DMAHDM+20%NACP+50%glass. Biofilm acid and colony-forming units (CFU) were measured. Ion-recharge was tested for 12 cycles. NACP-DMAHDM composite reduced biofilm acid, and reduced CFU by 4 logs. High levels of ion releases were maintained throughout 12 cycles of recharge, maintaining steady-state releases without reduction in 6 months (p>0.1), representing long-term remineralization potential. Bioactive nanocomposite demonstrated long-term ion-rechargeability for the first time, showed remineralization and potent anti-biofilm functions, with promise for tooth restorations to combat caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghalia Bhadila
- Biomedical Sciences, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, University of Maryland School of Dentistry.,Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King AbdulAziz University
| | - Bashayer H Baras
- Biomedical Sciences, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, University of Maryland School of Dentistry.,Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry.,Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry
| | - Haohao Wang
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology
| | - Mary Ann S Melo
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry
| | - Gary D Hack
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry
| | - Yuxing Bai
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry.,Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine
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23
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Yao S, Li T, Zhou C, Weir MD, Melo MAS, Tay FR, Lynch CD, Imazato S, Wu J, Xu HH. Novel antibacterial and therapeutic dental polymeric composites with the capability to self-heal cracks and regain mechanical properties. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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24
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Yi J, Weir MD, Melo MA, Li T, Lynch CD, Oates TW, Dai Q, Zhao Z, Xu HH. Novel rechargeable nano-CaF2 orthodontic cement with high levels of long-term fluoride release. J Dent 2019; 90:103214. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2019.103214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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25
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Pratap B, Gupta RK, Bhardwaj B, Nag M. Resin based restorative dental materials: characteristics and future perspectives. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2019; 55:126-138. [PMID: 31687052 PMCID: PMC6819877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This review article compiles the characteristics of resin based dental composites and an effort is made to point out their future perspectives. Recent research studies along with few earlier articles were studied to compile the synthesis schemes of commonly used monomers, their characteristics in terms of their physical, mechanical and polymerization process with selectivity towards the input parameters of polymerization process. This review covers surface modification processes of various filler particles using silanes, wear behaviour, antimicrobial behaviour along with its testing procedures to develop the fundamental knowledge of various characteristics of resin based composites. In the end of this review, possible areas of further interests are pointed out on the basis of literature review on resin based dental materials.
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Key Words
- 4-EDMAB, Ethyl-4-dimethyl amino benzoate
- Antimicrobial properties
- BPA, Bisphenol-A
- BPO, Benzoyl peroxide
- Bis-EMA, Ethoxylatedbisphenol-A-dimethacrylate
- Bis-GMA, Bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate
- CQ, Camphorquinone
- DC, Degree of conversion
- DHEPT, Dihydroxy ethyl-para-toluidine
- DMAEMA, Dimethyl amino ethyl methacrylate
- DMAP, Dimethyl amino pyridine
- Dental composites
- EGDMA, Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate
- HEMA, 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate
- LED, Light emitting diode
- PPD, 1-phenyl-1,2 propanedione
- PS, Polymerization Shrinkage
- RBCs, Resin based composites
- Self-healing
- Surface modification of filler particles
- TEG, Triethylene glycol
- TEGDMA, Triethylene glycol dimethacrylate
- TPO, Diphenyl phosphine oxide
- UDMA, Urethane dimethacrylate
- Wear
- γ-MPS, 3-(Trimethoxysilyl) Propyl Methacrylate
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanu Pratap
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, India
| | - Ravi Kant Gupta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, India
| | | | - Meetu Nag
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, India
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26
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Yi J, Dai Q, Weir MD, Melo MA, Lynch CD, Oates TW, Zhang K, Zhao Z, Xu HH. A nano-CaF2-containing orthodontic cement with antibacterial and remineralization capabilities to combat enamel white spot lesions. J Dent 2019; 89:103172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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27
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Liu Q, Wu B, Yu Q, Wang Y. Immobilization of quaternary ammonium based antibacterial monomer onto dentin substrate by non-thermal atmospheric plasma. Dent Mater J 2019; 38:821-829. [PMID: 31366767 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2018-267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Use of non-thermal atmospheric plasma (NTAP) brush on immobilization of dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) onto dentin bonding substrate, and resulting antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans were investigated. A bonding substrate with several-micron-demineralized layer was created from human dentin. DMAHDM was applied onto the demineralized layer with or without plasma exposure. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were employed to verify immobilization/grafting of DMAHDM onto the substrate. Antibacterial activity of the resulting substrate was assessed by using colony-forming unit (CFU) and confocal scanning laser microscopy. Effects of saliva pellicle treatment and aging process on the above substrate were also evaluated. The SEM/FTIR results demonstrated that NTAP could induce DMAHDM immobilization onto dentin substrate, which was further verified via quantitative FTIR analysis. Comparing with non-plasma-treated, the plasmatreated substrate, with CFU 4 log lower, exhibited much stronger inhibitory effects, which were minimally affected by saliva or aging. The DMAHDM-immobilized dentin substrate showed effective and sustained antibacterial characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University.,Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Dentistry
| | - Buling Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University
| | - Qingsong Yu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Dentistry
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28
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Baras BH, Melo MAS, Sun J, Oates TW, Weir MD, Xie X, Bai Y, Xu HHK. Novel endodontic sealer with dual strategies of dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate and nanoparticles of silver to inhibit root canal biofilms. Dent Mater 2019; 35:1117-1129. [PMID: 31128937 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endodontic treatment failures and recontamination remain a major challenge. The objectives of this study were to: (1) develop a new root canal sealer with potent and long-lasting antibiofilm effects using dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) and nanoparticles of silver (NAg); (2) determine the effects of incorporating DMAHDM and NAg each alone versus in combination on biofilm-inhibition efficacy; and (3) determine the effects on sealer paste flow, film thickness and sealing ability, compared to a commercial control sealer. METHODS Dual-cure endodontic sealers were formulated using DMAHDM mass fractions of 0%, 2.5% and 5%, and NAg mass fractions of 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.15%. The sealing ability of the sealers was measured using linear dye penetration method. Colony-forming units (CFU), live/dead assay, and polysaccharide production of biofilms grown on sealers were determined. RESULTS The sealer with 5% DMAHDM and 0.15% NAg yielded a flow of (22.18 ± 0.58) which was within the range of ISO recommendations and not statistically different from AH Plus control (23.3 ± 0.84) (p > 0.05). Incorporating DMAHDM and NAg did not negatively affect the film thickness and sealing properties (p > 0.05). The sealer with 5% DMAHDM and 0.15% NAg greatly reduced polysaccharide production by the biofilms, and decreased the biofilm CFU by nearly 6 orders of magnitude, compared to AH Plus and experimental controls (p < 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE A therapeutic root canal sealer was developed using 5% DMAHDM with biofilm-inhibition through contact-mediated mechanisms, plus 0.15% of NAg to release silver ions into the complex and difficult-to-reach root canal environment. The novel root canal sealer exerted potent antibiofilm effects and reduced biofilm CFU by 6 orders of magnitude without compromising sealer flow, film thickness and sealing ability. This method provided a promising approach to inhibit endodontic biofilms and prevent recurrent endodontic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashayer H Baras
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mary Anne S Melo
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jirun Sun
- Volpe Research Center, American Dental Association Foundation, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Thomas W Oates
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Xianju Xie
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuxing Bai
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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29
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Baras BH, Wang S, Melo MAS, Tay F, Fouad AF, Arola DD, Weir MD, Xu HHK. Novel bioactive root canal sealer with antibiofilm and remineralization properties. J Dent 2019; 83:67-76. [PMID: 30825569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES (1) To develop a novel bioactive root canal sealer with antibiofilm and remineralization properties using dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) and nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP); (2) investigate the effects on E. faecalis biofilm inhibition, sealer flow and sealing ability, compared with an epoxy-resin-based sealer AH Plus; and (3) investigate the calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) ion release from the sealers. METHODS A series of dual-cure endodontic sealers were formulated with DMAHDM and NACP at 5% and 20% by mass, respectively. Flow properties and sealing ability of the sealers were measured. Colony-forming units (CFU), live/dead assay, and polysaccharide production of biofilms on sealers were determined. Ca and P ion releases from the sealers were measured. RESULTS The new sealer containing 20% NACP and 5% DMAHDM yielded a paste flow of (28.99 ± 0.69) mm, within the range of ISO recommendations. The sealing properties of the sealer with 5% DMAHDM and 20% NACP were similar to a commercial control (p > 0.05). The sealer with DMAHDM decreased E. faecalis biofilm CFU by more than 4 orders of magnitude, compared to AH plus and experimental controls. The sealer with 20% NACP and 5% DMAHDM had relatively high levels of Ca and P ion release necessary for remineralization. CONCLUSIONS A new bioactive endodontic sealer was developed with strong antibiofilm activity against E. faecalis biofilms and high levels of Ca and P ion release for remineralization, without compromising the paste flow and sealing properties. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The bioactive antibacterial and remineralizing root canal sealer is promising to inhibit E. faecalis biofilms to prevent endodontic treatment failure and secondary endodontic infections, while releasing high levels of Ca and P ions that could remineralize and strengthen the tooth structures and potentially prevent future root fractures and teeth extractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashayer H Baras
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suping Wang
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics & Stomatology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mary Anne S Melo
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Franklin Tay
- Department of Endodontics, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Ashraf F Fouad
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7450, USA
| | - Dwayne D Arola
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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30
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Zhou W, Liu S, Zhou X, Hannig M, Rupf S, Feng J, Peng X, Cheng L. Modifying Adhesive Materials to Improve the Longevity of Resinous Restorations. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030723. [PMID: 30744026 PMCID: PMC6387348 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is a common disease on a global scale. Resin composites are the most popular materials to restore caries by bonding to tooth tissues via adhesives. However, multiple factors, such as microleakage and recurrent caries, impair the durability of resinous restorations. Various innovative methods have been applied to develop adhesives with particular functions to tackle these problems, such as incorporating matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors, antibacterial or remineralizing agents into bonding systems, as well as improving the mechanical/chemical properties of adhesives, even combining these methods. This review will sum up the latest achievements in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Shiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Stefan Rupf
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Jin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Xian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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31
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Lapinska B, Konieczka M, Zarzycka B, Sokolowski K, Grzegorczyk J, Lukomska-Szymanska M. Flow Cytometry Analysis of Antibacterial Effects of Universal Dentin Bonding Agents on Streptococcus mutans. Molecules 2019; 24:E532. [PMID: 30717140 PMCID: PMC6384823 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is no consensus on the antibacterial activity of dentin bonding systems (DBS). Many study models have been used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of dental materials. In this study, a novel detection method, flow cytometry, was introduced. It allows for evaluation of the antibacterial activity of DBS, based on assessment of the disruption of the bacterial physical membrane induced by DBS. The aim of the study was to evaluate the antibacterial properties of selected dentin bonding systems against Streptococcus mutans. The highest antibacterial activity against S. mutans was observed for Adhese Universal (99.68% dead cells) and was comparable to that of Prime&Bond Universal, OptiBond Universal, or Clearfil Universal Bond Quick (p > 0.05). The lowest activity of all tested systems was displayed by the multi-mode adhesive, Universal Bond (12.68% dead bacteria cells), followed by the self-etch adhesive, OptiBond FL (15.58% dead bacteria cells). The present study showed that in the case of two-component DBS, the primer exhibited higher antimicrobial activity than the adhesive (or bond) itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Lapinska
- Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Konieczka
- Department of Microbiology and Laboratory Medical Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Beata Zarzycka
- Department of Microbiology and Laboratory Medical Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Sokolowski
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Janina Grzegorczyk
- Department of Microbiology and Laboratory Medical Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland.
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Zhang R, Jones MM, Moussa H, Keskar M, Huo N, Zhang Z, Visser MB, Sabatini C, Swihart MT, Cheng C. Polymer–antibiotic conjugates as antibacterial additives in dental resins. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:287-295. [DOI: 10.1039/c8bm01228h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Dental resins containing polymer–antibiotic conjugates (PACs) demonstrate significant antibacterial properties.
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Xiao S, Wang H, Liang K, Tay F, Weir MD, Melo MAS, Wang L, Wu Y, Oates TW, Ding Y, Xu HHK. Novel multifunctional nanocomposite for root caries restorations to inhibit periodontitis-related pathogens. J Dent 2018; 81:17-26. [PMID: 30552930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to: (1) develop a novel multifunctional composite with nanoparticles of silver (NAg), 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC), dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) and nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP); and (2) investigate biofilm-inhibition via the multifunctional nanocomposite against three species of periodontal pathogens for the first time. METHODS The multifunctional nanocomposite was fabricated by incorporating NAg, MPC, DMAHDM and NACP into the resin consisting of pyromellitic glycerol dimethacrylate (PMDGDM) and ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate (EBPADMA). Three species (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Fusobacterium nucleatum) were tested for metabolic activity (MTT), live/dead staining, polysaccharide production and colony-forming units (CFU) of biofilms grown on resins. RESULTS Incorporation of 0.08% to 0.12% NAg, 3% MPC, 3% DMAHDM and 30% NACP did not compromise the mechanical properties of the composite (p > 0.1). The multifunctional nanocomposite reduced protein adsorption to nearly 1/10 of that of a commercial control (p < 0.05). For all three species, the biofilm CFU was reduced by about 5 and 1 orders of magnitude via the nanocomposite containing NAg + MPC + DMAHDM, compared to commercial control and the composite with MPC + DMAHDM, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The novel multifunctional nanocomposite achieved the greatest reduction in metabolic activity, polysaccharide and biofilm growth of three periodontal pathogens. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The strongly-antibacterial, multifunctional composite is promising for treating root lesions, alleviating periodontitis and protecting the periodontal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimeng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Dept. of Periodontology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China; Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Haohao Wang
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China
| | - Kunneng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Dept. of Periodontology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China; Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Franklin Tay
- Department of Endodontics, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Mary Anne S Melo
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA; VIP Integrated Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130011, China
| | - Yafei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Dept. of Periodontology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China
| | - Thomas W Oates
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Yi Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Dept. of Periodontology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China.
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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WANG B, ZHANG N, WANG X, PARK SR, WEIR MD, OATES TW, XU HHK, BAI Y. Novel self-etch adhesive with antibacterial and protein-repellent functions to prevent enamel demineralization. Dent Mater J 2018; 37:904-911. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2017-422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo WANG
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University
- Department of Orthodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University
| | - Ning ZHANG
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University
| | - Xiaomeng WANG
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University
| | - Soo Ro PARK
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University
| | - Michael D. WEIR
- Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland Dental School
| | - Thomas W. OATES
- Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland Dental School
| | - Hockin H. K. XU
- Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland Dental School
- Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland
| | - Yuxing BAI
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University
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Cao L, Xie X, Wang B, Weir MD, Oates TW, Xu HHK, Zhang N, Bai Y. Protein-repellent and antibacterial effects of a novel polymethyl methacrylate resin. J Dent 2018; 79:39-45. [PMID: 30248381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Heat-cured resins are commonly used in orthodontics; however, there is a high incidence of caries, periodontal diseases and denture-induced stomatitis. The objectives of this study were to: (1) develop a new bioactive polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin containing 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) and quaternary ammonium dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM), and (2) investigate the effects on mechanical properties, protein-repellency and antibacterial properties. METHODS MPC and DMAHDM were mixed into a commercial acrylic resin (Nature Cryl™ MC). Mechanical properties were measured in three-point flexure. Surface roughness was assessed using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Protein adsorption onto the PMMA resin was measured using a micro bicinchoninic acid (BCA) method. A human saliva microcosm model was used to investigate the live/dead staining and metabolic activity of the biofilms. RESULTS Incorporation of 3% MPC and 1.5% DMAHDM into PMMA resin achieved protein repellent and antibacterial capabilities, without compromising the mechanical properties. PMMA resin with 3% MPC + 1.5% DMAHDM had protein adsorption that was 1/6 that of a commercial control (p < 0.05). The PMMA resin with 3% MPC + 1.5% DMAHDM had much greater reduction in biofilm growth than using MPC or DMAHDM alone (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS A bioactive PMMA resin with a combination of strong protein-repellent and antibacterial capabilities was developed for the first time. The new resin greatly reduced the biofilm growth and metabolic activity, without compromising its mechanical properties. SIGNIFICANCE Novel PMMA resin is promising for applications in orthodontic retainers and orthodontic appliances to reduce biofilm activity and protein adsorption around the resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cao
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xianju Xie
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China; Department of Orthodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, China
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Thomas W Oates
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Yuxing Bai
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Li Y, Hu X, Xia Y, Ji Y, Ruan J, Weir MD, Lin X, Nie Z, Gu N, Masri R, Chang X, Xu HHK. Novel magnetic nanoparticle-containing adhesive with greater dentin bond strength and antibacterial and remineralizing capabilities. Dent Mater 2018; 34:1310-1322. [PMID: 29935766 PMCID: PMC6103821 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A nanoparticle-doped adhesive that can be controlled with magnetic forces was recently developed to deliver drugs to the pulp and improve adhesive penetration into dentin. However, it did not have bactericidal and remineralization abilities. The objectives of this study were to: (1) develop a magnetic nanoparticle-containing adhesive with dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM), amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticles (NACP) and magnetic nanoparticles (MNP); and (2) investigate the effects on dentin bond strength, calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) ion release and anti-biofilm properties. METHODS MNP, DMAHDM and NACP were mixed into Scotchbond SBMP at 2%, 5% and 20% by mass, respectively. Two types of magnetic nanoparticles were used: acrylate-functionalized iron nanoparticles (AINPs); and iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs). Each type was added into the resin at 1% by mass. Dentin bonding was performed with a magnetic force application for 3min, provided by a commercial cube-shaped magnet. Dentin shear bond strengths were measured. Streptococcus mutans biofilms were grown on resins, and metabolic activity, lactic acid and colony-forming units (CFU) were determined. Ca and P ion concentrations in, and pH of biofilm culture medium were measured. RESULTS Magnetic nanoparticle-containing adhesive using magnetic force increased the dentin shear bond strength by 59% over SBMP Control (p<0.05). Adding DMAHDM and NACP did not adversely affect the dentin bond strength (p>0.05). The adhesive with MNP+DMAHDM+NACP reduced the S. mutans biofilm CFU by 4 logs. For the adhesive with NACP, the biofilm medium became a Ca and P ion reservoir. The biofilm culture medium of the magnetic nanoparticle-containing adhesive with NACP had a safe pH of 6.9, while the biofilm medium of commercial adhesive had a cariogenic pH of 4.5. SIGNIFICANCE Magnetic nanoparticle-containing adhesive with DMAHDM and NACP under a magnetic force yielded much greater dentin bond strength than commercial control. The novel adhesive reduced biofilm CFU by 4 logs and increased the biofilm pH from a cariogenic pH 4.5-6.9, and therefore is promising to enhance the resin-tooth bond, strengthen tooth structures, and suppress secondary caries at the restoration margins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuncong Li
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China; Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China; Department of Advanced Oral Sciences & Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Xiaoyi Hu
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China; Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences & Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yadong Ji
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences & Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jianping Ruan
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences & Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Xiaoying Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Zhihong Nie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Ning Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Radi Masri
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences & Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Xiaofeng Chang
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China.
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences & Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Al-Qarni FD, Tay F, Weir MD, Melo MAS, Sun J, Oates TW, Xie X, Xu HHK. Protein-repelling adhesive resin containing calcium phosphate nanoparticles with repeated ion-recharge and re-releases. J Dent 2018; 78:91-99. [PMID: 30153499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives were to develop a calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) ion-rechargeable and protein-repellent adhesive containing nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC), and investigate the MPC effects on ion recharge and re-releases for the first time. METHODS Pyromellitic glycerol dimethacrylate and ethoxylated bisphenol-A dimethacrylate were used to fabricate adhesive PEHB. Six adhesives were tested: (1) Scotchbond (SBMP); (2) PEHB, (3) PEHB + 20%NACP; (4) PEHB + 30%NACP; (5) PEHB + 20%NACP+3%MPC; (6) PEHB + 30%NACP+3%MPC. Dentin shear bond strength, Ca/P ion release, recharge and re-release, and protein adsorption were measured. A microcosm biofilm model was tested for lactic-acid production and colony-forming units (CFU). RESULTS Adding NACP + MPC did not negatively affect dentin bond strength (p > 0.1). With increasing the number of recharge/re-release cycles, the Ca/P ion re-release reached similarly higher levels (p > 0.1), indicating long-term remineralization capability. One recharge enabled the adhesives to have continued re-releases for 21 days. Incorporation of 3% MPC yielded 10-fold decrease in protein adsorption, and 1-2 log decrease in biofilm CFU. CONCLUSIONS The new rechargeable adhesive with MPC + 30%NACP greatly reduced protein adsorption, biofilm growth and lactic acid. Incorporation of MPC did not compromise the excellent Ca/P ion release, rechargeability, and dentin bond strength. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Novel bioactive adhesive containing MPC + NACP is promising to repel proteins and bacteria, and inhibit secondary caries at the restoration margins. The method of NACP + MPC to combine CaP-recharge and protein-repellency is applicable to the development of a new generation of materials including composites and cements to suppress oral biofilms and plaque formation and protect tooth structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal D Al-Qarni
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences & Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Franklin Tay
- Department of Endodontics, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences & Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mary A S Melo
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences & Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jirun Sun
- Volpe Research Center, American Dental Association Foundation, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Thomas W Oates
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences & Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xianju Xie
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences & Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences & Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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WANG X, ZHANG N, WANG B, PARK SR, WEIR MD, XU HHK, BAI Y. Novel self-etching and antibacterial orthodontic adhesive containing dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate to inhibit enamel demineralization. Dent Mater J 2018; 37:555-561. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2017-286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng WANG
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University
| | - Ning ZHANG
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University
| | - Bo WANG
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University
- Department of Orthodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University
| | - Soo Ro PARK
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University
| | - Michael D. WEIR
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School
| | - Hockin H. K. XU
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School
- Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland
| | - Yuxing BAI
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University
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Bioactive Dental Composites and Bonding Agents Having Remineralizing and Antibacterial Characteristics. Dent Clin North Am 2018; 61:669-687. [PMID: 28886763 DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Current dental restorative materials are typically inert and replace missing tooth structures. This article reviews efforts in the development of a new generation of bioactive materials designed to not only replace the missing tooth volume but also possess therapeutic functions. Composites and bonding agents with remineralizing and antibacterial characteristics have shown promise in replacing lost minerals, inhibiting recurrent caries, neutralizing acids, repelling proteins, and suppressing biofilms and acid production. Furthermore, they have demonstrated a low cytotoxicity similar to current resins, with additional benefits to protect the dental pulp and promote tertiary dentin formation. This new class of bioactive materials shows promise in reversing lesions and inhibiting caries.
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Zhang N, Zhang K, Weir MD, Xu DJ, Reynolds MA, Bai Y, Xu HHK. Effects of water-aging for 6 months on the durability of a novel antimicrobial and protein-repellent dental bonding agent. Int J Oral Sci 2018; 10:18. [PMID: 29925870 PMCID: PMC6010414 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-018-0019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms at the tooth-restoration bonded interface can produce acids and cause recurrent caries. Recurrent caries is a primary reason for restoration failures. The objectives of this study were to synthesize a novel bioactive dental bonding agent containing dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) to inhibit biofilm formation at the tooth-restoration margin and to investigate the effects of water-aging for 6 months on the dentin bond strength and protein-repellent and antibacterial durability. A protein-repellent agent (MPC) and antibacterial agent (DMAHDM) were added to a Scotchbond multi-purpose (SBMP) primer and adhesive. Specimens were stored in water at 37 °C for 1, 30, 90, or 180 days (d). At the end of each time period, the dentin bond strength and protein-repellent and antibacterial properties were evaluated. Protein attachment onto resin specimens was measured by the micro-bicinchoninic acid approach. A dental plaque microcosm biofilm model was used to test the biofilm response. The SBMP + MPC + DMAHDM group showed no decline in dentin bond strength after water-aging for 6 months, which was significantly higher than that of the control (P < 0.05). The SBMP + MPC + DMAHDM group had protein adhesion that was only 1/20 of that of the SBMP control (P < 0.05). Incorporation of MPC and DMAHDM into SBMP provided a synergistic effect on biofilm reduction. The antibacterial effect and resistance to protein adsorption exhibited no decrease from 1 to 180 d (P > 0.1). In conclusion, a bonding agent with MPC and DMAHDM achieved a durable dentin bond strength and long-term resistance to proteins and oral bacteria. The novel dental bonding agent is promising for applications in preventive and restorative dentistry to reduce biofilm formation at the tooth-restoration margin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Biomatexrials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Biomatexrials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Michael D Weir
- Biomatexrials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David J Xu
- Biomatexrials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark A Reynolds
- Biomatexrials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yuxing Bai
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Biomatexrials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD, USA.
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Makvandi P, Jamaledin R, Jabbari M, Nikfarjam N, Borzacchiello A. Antibacterial quaternary ammonium compounds in dental materials: A systematic review. Dent Mater 2018; 34:851-867. [PMID: 29678327 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) represent one of the most effective classes of disinfectant agents in dental materials and resin nanocomposites. This reviews aims to give a wide overview on the research in the field of antibacterial QACs in dental materials and nanocomposites. METHOD An introduction to dental materials components as well as the microorganisms and methods of evaluation for the antimicrobial assays are presented. Then, the properties and synthesis route of QACs, as monomer and filler, are shown. Finally, antimicrobial monomers and fillers, specifically those contain quaternary ammonium salts (QASs), in dental materials are reviewed. RESULTS QACs have been used as monomer and micro/nanofiller in restorative dentistry. They possess one or more methacrylate functional groups to participate in polymerization reactions. QACs with multiple methacrylate groups can also be used as crosslinking agents. Furthermore, QACs with chain length from ∼12 to 16 have higher antimicrobial activity in cured dental resins. In general, increasing the chain length leads to a threshold value (critical point) and then it causes decrease in the antimicrobial activity. SIGNIFICANCE The current state of the art of dental materials and resin nanocomposites includes a wide variety of antimicrobial materials. Among them, QACs presents low cytotoxicity and excellent long-term antimicrobial activity without leaching out over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooyan Makvandi
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy; Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Rezvan Jamaledin
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT@CRIB), Napels, Italy
| | - Mostafa Jabbari
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås SE-50190, Sweden
| | | | - Assunta Borzacchiello
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy.
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Al-Dulaijan YA, Cheng L, Weir MD, Melo MAS, Liu H, Oates TW, Wang L, Xu HHK. Novel rechargeable calcium phosphate nanocomposite with antibacterial activity to suppress biofilm acids and dental caries. J Dent 2018. [PMID: 29526668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rechargeable calcium phosphate (CaP) composites were developed recently. However, none of the rechargeable CaP composites was antibacterial. The objectives of this study were to develop the first rechargeable CaP composite that was antibacterial, and to investigate the effects of adding dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) into rechargeable CaP composite on ion rechargeability and re-release as well as biofilm properties. METHODS DMAHDM was synthesized via a Menschutkin reaction. Nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) were synthesized using a spray-drying technique. The resin contained ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate (EBPADMA) and pyromellitic glycerol dimethacrylate (PMGDM). Two composites were fabricated: rechargeable NACP composite, and rechargeable NACP-DMAHDM composite. Mechanical properties and ion release and recharge were measured. A dental plaque microcosm biofilm model using saliva was tested. RESULTS Flexural strength and elastic modulus of rechargeable NACP and NACP-DMAHDM composites matched commercial control composite (p > 0.1). NACP-DMAHDM inhibited biofilm metabolic activity and lactic acid, and reduced biofilm colony-forming units (CFU) by 3-4 log. NACP and NACP-DMAHDM showed similar Ca and P ion recharge and re-release (p > 0.1). Therefore, adding DMAHDM did not compromise the ion rechargeability. One recharge yielded continuous release for 42 d. The release was maintained at the same level with increasing number of recharge cycles, indicating long-term ion release and remineralization capability. CONCLUSIONS The first CaP rechargeable and antibacterial composite was developed. Adding DMAHDM into the rechargeable NACP composite did not adversely affect the Ca and P ion release and recharge, and the composite had much less biofilm growth and lactic acid production, with CFU reduction by 3-4 log. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This novel CaP rechargeable composite with long-term remineralization and antibacterial properties is promising for tooth restorations to inhibit caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousif A Al-Dulaijan
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lei Cheng
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Mary Anne S Melo
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Huaibing Liu
- L.D. Caulk Division, Dentsply Sirona Restorative, Milford, DE 19963, USA
| | - Thomas W Oates
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; VIP Integrated Department, Stomatological Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Muratovska I, Kitagawa H, Hirose N, Kitagawa R, Imazato S. Antibacterial activity and dentin bonding ability of combined use of Clearfil SE Protect and sodium hypochlorite. Dent Mater J 2018; 37:460-464. [PMID: 29415973 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2017-294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity and dentin bonding ability of a commercial self-etch adhesive Clearfil SE Protect (Kuraray Noritake Dental, Tokyo, Japan) in combination with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). Agar disc diffusion tests and measurement of minimum inhibitory/bactericidal concentrations (MIC/MBC) against Streptococcus mutans were performed to evaluate antibacterial effects. The mixture solution of 5.25% NaOCl and the primer of Clearfil SE Protect demonstrated less antibacterial activity than primer only. In microtensile bond strength tests using non-carious human molars, pretreatment with 5.25% NaOCl aqueous solution had no influence on the bond strength of Clearfil SE Protect. These results indicate that pretreatment with NaOCl does not influence the bonding ability of Clearfil SE Protect, while their combined use does not enhance cavity disinfecting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilijana Muratovska
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University Ss
| | - Haruaki Kitagawa
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Nanako Hirose
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Ranna Kitagawa
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Satoshi Imazato
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry
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44
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Liang J, Li M, Ren B, Wu T, Xu HHK, Liu Y, Peng X, Yang G, Weir MD, Zhang S, Cheng L, Zhou X. The anti-caries effects of dental adhesive resin influenced by the position of functional groups in quaternary ammonium monomers. Dent Mater 2017; 34:400-411. [PMID: 29269159 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A new quaternary ammonium monomer (QAM), triethylaminododecyl acrylate (TEADDA) was synthesized, in which the position of the functional groups was different from that of dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM). The objectives were to: (1) investigate the effect of the changed position of the functional groups on the mechanical properties, anti-biofilm activity and biocompatibility of adhesive resin, and (2) study the anti-bacterial mechanism of QAM to improve the performance of the adhesive system modified by QAM. METHODS TEADDA and DMADDM were added into adhesives. Microtensile bond strength and surface charge density were measured. Multi-species biofilms were incubated on specimens for 16h, 48h and 72h and analyzed via MTT assay, lactic acid measurement and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The ratio of different species of bacteria was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Cytotoxicity and biocompatibility were analyzed by eluents cytotoxicity test and histological images of H&E staining via an animal study in rats. RESULTS The mass fraction of TEDDA allowed to be added into adhesive was higher than that of DMADDM. However, even 10% TEADDA did not yield a strong anti-biofilm effect on biofilm growth, lactic acid production and bacteria compositions. TEADDA added into adhesives showed better mechanical properties but weaker anti-bacterial effect. There was no significant difference on cytotoxicity and biocompatibility between DMADDM and TEADDA. SIGNIFICANCE The study could be helpful for the investigation of the anti-caries mechanism of QAMs, the design of new QAMs and the improvement of the anti-caries activity of the modified dental materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingou Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mingyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Biao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tianmu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Yong Liu
- National Engineering Research Centre for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ge Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Michael D Weir
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Shiyong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Centre for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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45
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New adhesive system based in metals cross-linking methacrylate. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2017; 77:519-526. [PMID: 29040963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the anti-antibiofilm potential of silver methacrylate (Ag) or di-n-butyldimethacrylatetin (Sn) in experimental adhesive systems. Ag and Sn methacrylates were incorporated at 0.5mol%, 1mol% and 2mol% in an adhesive resin. The anti-antibiofilm potential, degree of conversion (DC), microtensile bond strength (μTBS), water sorption/solubility (WSR/SL), bonded interfaces pattern (SEM), cytotoxicity and leaching of Ag and Sn ions were evaluated. Data were statistically analyzed considering α = 0.05. Only Ag at 2% affected DC and μTBS. Ag at 1% and 2% and Sn at 1% and 2% showed anti-biofilm potential against Mutans streptococci. Ag at 1% and 2% and Sn at 2% showed a statistically significant difference to the control in WSR/SL (p < 0.05). The additions of metal methacrylate did not affect cell viability, being the adhesive resins statistically similar to controls. Leached metals of Ag were more than 100x higher than for Sn. Between the concentration tested, Ag and Sn methacrylate at 1% presented an anti-biofilm effect without altering the mechanical properties evaluated.
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Shinde SD, Pai V, Vijay Naik R. An In vitro Assessment of Antibacterial Activity of Three Self-etching Primers Against Oral Microflora. APOS TRENDS IN ORTHODONTICS 2017. [DOI: 10.4103/apos.apos_11_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Aims
This study aims to evaluate and compare the antibacterial activity of three self-etching primers (SEP), namely, Transbond plus, Reliance, and Gluma against commonly encountered oral microflora (Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Actinomyces viscosus).
Subjects and Methods
The antibacterial activity of the three SEPs was examined against microorganisms using agar diffusion test (ADT) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). In ADT, Whatman’s filter paper disc of 5 mm was loaded with primer and polymerized. This was placed on previously inoculated brain heart infusion and blood agar plates and was incubated for 48– 72 h at 37°C according to the microorganism. For assessing MIC serial dilution method was used.
Statistical Analysis Used
Data were analyzed with Kruskal–Wallis (P < 0.001) and Mann–Whitney tests.
Results
Only Transbond plus SEP and Reliance SEP produced a clear growth inhibition halo against S. mutans, L. acidophilus and A. viscosus. Gluma SEP did not show any growth inhibition halo against S. mutans, L. acidophilus, and A. viscosus.
Conclusions
TSEP and Reliance SEP did show antibacterial activity in an in vitro environment. Therefore, this study concludes that the use of these SEPs may contribute to a reduction in bacterial colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Dipak Shinde
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Maratha Mandal’s NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Vikram Pai
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Maratha Mandal’s NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - R. Vijay Naik
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Maratha Mandal’s NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
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Wang L, Li C, Weir MD, Zhang K, Zhou Y, Xu HHK, Reynolds MA. Novel multifunctional dental bonding agent for Class-V restorations to inhibit periodontal biofilms. RSC Adv 2017; 7:29004-29014. [PMID: 29910954 PMCID: PMC5998673 DOI: 10.1039/c6ra28711e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently developed a dental bonding agent to bond restorations to teeth using nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) for remineralization with rechargeable calcium and phosphate ion release. The objectives of this study were to: (1) incorporate an antibacterial monomer dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) and a protein-repellent agent 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC); and (2) investigate protein adsorption and periodontitis-related biofilms for the first time. A primer, used to prime tooth structures for bonding, was made with pyromellitic glycerol dimethacrylate (PMGDM) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). An adhesive was made with PMGDM, ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate and HEMA. NACP, MPC and DMAHDM were incorporated. Streptococcus gordonii, Actinomyces naeslundii, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum were cultured to form single and multi-species biofilms. Colony-forming units (CFU), live/dead, metabolic activity, and polysaccharide were measured. Adding DMAHDM, MPC and NACP into the bonding agent did not compromise the dentin bond strength (p > 0.1). Bonding agents with 5% MPC reduced protein adsorption to 1/15 that of the control (p < 0.05). Bonding agents with 5% DMAHDM + 5% MPC had much greater reduction in biofilms than DMAHDM or MPC alone (p < 0.05). Biofilm CFU was reduced by 3 to 4 log via DMAHDM + MPC. Metabolic activities and polysaccharide of biofilms were also substantially reduced (p < 0.05). In conclusion, a novel bonding agent was developed for dental restorations with inhibition of biofilms, reducing CFU by 3 to 4 log. Besides remineralizartion and acid-neutralization via NACP to inhibit caries as shown previously, the multifunctional adhesive is promising for root restorations with subgingival margins to suppress periodontal pathogens and protect the periodontium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- VIP Integrated Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Chunyan Li
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Michael D. Weir
- Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanmin Zhou
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hockin H. K. Xu
- Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore County, MD 21250, USA
| | - Mark A. Reynolds
- Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Novel bioactive root canal sealer to inhibit endodontic multispecies biofilms with remineralizing calcium phosphate ions. J Dent 2017; 60:25-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Lukomska-Szymanska M, Konieczka M, Zarzycka B, Lapinska B, Grzegorczyk J, Sokolowski J. Antibacterial Activity of Commercial Dentine Bonding Systems against E. faecalis-Flow Cytometry Study. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10050481. [PMID: 28772841 PMCID: PMC5458997 DOI: 10.3390/ma10050481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Literature presents inconsistent results on the antibacterial activity of dentine bonding systems (DBS). Antibacterial activity of adhesive systems depends on several factors, including composition and acidity. Flow cytometry is a novel detection method to measure multiple characteristics of a single cell: total cell number, structural (size, shape), and functional parameters (viability, cell cycle). The LIVE/DEAD® BacLight™ bacterial viability assay was used to evaluate an antibacterial activity of DBS by assessing physical membrane disruption of bacteria mediated by DBS. Ten commercial DBSs: four total-etching (TE), four self-etching (SE) and two selective enamel etching (SEE) were tested. Both total-etching DBS ExciTE F and OptiBond Solo Plus showed comparatively low antibacterial activity against E. faecalis. The lowest activity of all tested TE systems showed Te-Econom Bond. Among SE DBS, G-ænial Bond (92.24% dead cells) followed by Clearfil S3 Bond Plus (88.02%) and Panavia F 2.0 ED Primer II (86.67%) showed the highest antibacterial activity against E. faecalis, which was comparable to isopropranol (positive control). In the present study, self-etching DBS exhibited higher antimicrobial activity than tested total-etching adhesives against E. faecalis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Magdalena Konieczka
- Department of Microbiology and Laboratory Medical Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 92-213, Poland.
| | - Beata Zarzycka
- Department of Microbiology and Laboratory Medical Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 92-213, Poland.
| | - Barbara Lapinska
- Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 92-213, Poland.
| | - Janina Grzegorczyk
- Department of Microbiology and Laboratory Medical Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 92-213, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Sokolowski
- Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 92-213, Poland.
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50
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Xie X, Wang L, Xing D, Zhang K, Weir MD, Liu H, Bai Y, Xu HHK. Novel dental adhesive with triple benefits of calcium phosphate recharge, protein-repellent and antibacterial functions. Dent Mater 2017; 33:553-563. [PMID: 28356216 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A new adhesive containing nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) with calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) ion rechargeability was recently developed; however, it was not antibacterial. The objectives of this study were to: (1) develop a novel adhesive with triple benefits of Ca and P ion recharge, protein-repellent and antibacterial functions via dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC); and (2) investigate dentin bond strength, protein adsorption, Ca and P ion concentration, microcosm biofilm response and pH properties. METHODS MPC, DMAHDM and NACP were mixed into a resin consisting of ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate (EBPADMA), pyromellitic glycerol dimethacrylate (PMGDM), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and bisphenol A glycidyl dimethacrylate (BisGMA). Protein adsorption was measured using a micro bicinchoninic acid method. A human saliva microcosm biofilm model was tested on resins. Colony-forming units (CFU), live/dead assay, metabolic activity, Ca and P ion concentration and biofilm culture medium pH were determined. RESULTS The adhesive with 5% MPC+5% DMAHDM+30% NACP inhibited biofilm growth, reducing biofilm CFU by 4 log, compared to control (p<0.05). Dentin shear bond strengths were similar (p>0.1). Biofilm medium became a Ca and P ion reservoir having ion concentration increasing with NACP filler level. The adhesive with 5% MPC+5% DMAHDM+30% NACP maintained a safe pH>6, while commercial adhesive had a cariogenic pH of 4. SIGNIFICANCE The new adhesive with triple benefits of Ca and P ion recharge, protein-repellent and antibacterial functions substantially reduced biofilm growth, reducing biofilm CFU by 4 orders of magnitude, and yielding a much higher pH than commercial adhesive. This novel adhesive is promising to protect tooth structures from biofilm acids. The method of using NACP, MPC and DMAHDM is promising for application to other dental materials to combat caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianju Xie
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; VIP Integrated Department, Stomatological Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dan Xing
- Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Dentistry, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Huaibing Liu
- L.D. Caulk Division, Dentsply Sirona Restorative, Milford, DE 19963, USA
| | - Yuxing Bai
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD 21250, USA.
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