1
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Biochemical and structural studies of target lectin SapL1 from the emerging opportunistic microfungus Scedosporium apiospermum. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16109. [PMID: 34373510 PMCID: PMC8352872 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95008-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Scedosporium apiospermum is an emerging opportunistic fungal pathogen responsible for life-threatening infections in humans. Host-pathogen interactions often implicate lectins that have become therapeutic targets for the development of carbohydrate mimics for antiadhesive therapy. Here, we present the first report on the identification and characterization of a lectin from S. apiospermum named SapL1. SapL1 was found using bioinformatics as a homolog to the conidial surface lectin FleA from Aspergillus fumigatus known to play a role in the adhesion to host glycoconjugates present in human lung epithelium. In our strategy to obtain recombinant SapL1, we discovered the importance of osmolytes to achieve its expression in soluble form in bacteria. Analysis of glycan arrays indicates specificity for fucosylated oligosaccharides as expected. Submicromolar affinity was measured for fucose using isothermal titration calorimetry. We solved SapL1 crystal structure in complex with α-methyl-L-fucoside and analyzed its structural basis for fucose binding. We finally demonstrated that SapL1 binds to bronchial epithelial cells in a fucose-dependent manner. The information gathered here will contribute to the design and development of glycodrugs targeting SapL1.
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2
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Ling KM, Garratt LW, Gill EE, Lee AHY, Agudelo-Romero P, Sutanto EN, Iosifidis T, Rosenow T, Turvey SE, Lassmann T, Hancock REW, Kicic A, Stick SM. Rhinovirus Infection Drives Complex Host Airway Molecular Responses in Children With Cystic Fibrosis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1327. [PMID: 32765492 PMCID: PMC7378398 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Early-life viral infections are responsible for pulmonary exacerbations that can contribute to disease progression in young children with cystic fibrosis (CF). The most common respiratory viruses detected in the CF airway are human rhinoviruses (RV), and augmented airway inflammation in CF has been attributed to dysregulated airway epithelial responses although evidence has been conflicting. Here, we exposed airway epithelial cells from children with and without CF to RV in vitro. Using RNA-Seq, we profiled the transcriptomic differences of CF and non-CF airway epithelial cells at baseline and in response to RV. There were only modest differences between CF and non-CF cells at baseline. In response to RV, there were 1,442 and 896 differentially expressed genes in CF and non-CF airway epithelial cells, respectively. The core antiviral responses in CF and non-CF airway epithelial cells were mediated through interferon signaling although type 1 and 3 interferon signaling, when measured, were reduced in CF airway epithelial cells following viral challenge consistent with previous reports. The transcriptional responses in CF airway epithelial cells were more complex than in non-CF airway epithelial cells with diverse over-represented biological pathways, such as cytokine signaling and metabolic and biosynthetic pathways. Network analysis highlighted that the differentially expressed genes of CF airway epithelial cells' transcriptional responses were highly interconnected and formed a more complex network than observed in non-CF airway epithelial cells. We corroborate observations in fully differentiated air–liquid interface (ALI) cultures, identifying genes involved in IL-1 signaling and mucin glycosylation that are only dysregulated in the CF airway epithelial response to RV infection. These data provide novel insights into the CF airway epithelial cells' responses to RV infection and highlight potential pathways that could be targeted to improve antiviral and anti-inflammatory responses in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kak-Ming Ling
- Paediatrics, Medical School, Faculty of Healthy and Medical Science, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Respiratory Research Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Luke W Garratt
- Telethon Kids Institute, Respiratory Research Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Erin E Gill
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Amy H Y Lee
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Patricia Agudelo-Romero
- Telethon Kids Institute, Respiratory Research Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Erika N Sutanto
- Telethon Kids Institute, Respiratory Research Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Thomas Iosifidis
- Telethon Kids Institute, Respiratory Research Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Tim Rosenow
- Telethon Kids Institute, Respiratory Research Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Stuart E Turvey
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Timo Lassmann
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Robert E W Hancock
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anthony Kicic
- Telethon Kids Institute, Respiratory Research Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Occupation and Environment, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Stephen M Stick
- Telethon Kids Institute, Respiratory Research Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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3
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Miura K, Tsukagoshi T, Hirano T, Nishio T, Hakamata W. Development of Fluorogenic Substrates of α-l-Fucosidase Useful for Inhibitor Screening and Gene-expression Profiling. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:1309-1313. [PMID: 31531202 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of human α-l-fucosidases, tissue α-l-fucosidase (tFuc), and plasma α-l-fucosidase reportedly play roles in multiple diseases, suggesting their therapeutic potential for gastric disease associated with Helicobacter pylori and fucosidosis. Terminal fucose linkages on glycoproteins and glycolipids are a natural substrate for both enzymes; however, there are currently no fluorogenic substrates allowing their cellular evaluation. Here, we described the development of novel three-color fluorogenic substrates for lysosome-localized tFuc that exhibited excellent specificity and sensitivity in three human cell lines. Additionally, we developed a cell-based high-throughput inhibitor screening system in a 96-well format and a cell-based inhibitory activity evaluation system in a 6-well format for tFuc inhibitors using this substrate, which allowed accurate quantification of the inhibition rate. Moreover, analysis of significant changes in gene expression resulting from 30% inhibition of tFuc in HeLa cells revealed potential roles in gastric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Miura
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Takumi Tsukagoshi
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Takako Hirano
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Nishio
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Wataru Hakamata
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
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4
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N-Alkyl-1,5-dideoxy-1,5-imino-l-fucitols as fucosidase inhibitors: Synthesis, molecular modelling and activity against cancer cell lines. Bioorg Chem 2018; 84:418-433. [PMID: 30554081 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
1,5-Dideoxy-1,5-imino-l-fucitol (1-deoxyfuconojirimycin, DFJ) is an iminosugar that inhibits fucosidases. Herein, N-alkyl DFJs have been synthesised and tested against the α-fucosidases of T. maritima (bacterial origin) and B. taurus (bovine origin). The N-alkyl derivatives were inactive against the bacterial fucosidase, while inhibiting the bovine enzyme. Docking of inhibitors to homology models, generated for the bovine and human fucosidases, was carried out. N-Decyl-DFJ was toxic to cancer cell lines and was more potent than the other N-alkyl DFJs studied.
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5
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Dingjan T, Gillon É, Imberty A, Pérez S, Titz A, Ramsland PA, Yuriev E. Virtual Screening Against Carbohydrate-Binding Proteins: Evaluation and Application to Bacterial Burkholderia ambifaria Lectin. J Chem Inf Model 2018; 58:1976-1989. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamir Dingjan
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Émilie Gillon
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Anne Imberty
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Serge Pérez
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DPM, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Alexander Titz
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Paul A. Ramsland
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
- Department of Surgery Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Yuriev
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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6
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Goyard D, Baldoneschi V, Varrot A, Fiore M, Imberty A, Richichi B, Renaudet O, Nativi C. Multivalent Glycomimetics with Affinity and Selectivity toward Fucose-Binding Receptors from Emerging Pathogens. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 29:83-88. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Veronica Baldoneschi
- Department
of Chemistry Ugo Schiff, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 13−50019 Sesto F.no (FI) Italy
| | | | - Michele Fiore
- ICBMS, University of Lyon, 43 Blvd. du 11 novembre 1918, 69622, Villeubanne Cedex, France
| | | | - Barbara Richichi
- Department
of Chemistry Ugo Schiff, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 13−50019 Sesto F.no (FI) Italy
| | | | - Cristina Nativi
- Department
of Chemistry Ugo Schiff, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 13−50019 Sesto F.no (FI) Italy
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7
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Itokazu Y, Pagano RE, Schroeder AS, O'Grady SM, Limper AH, Marks DL. Reduced GM1 ganglioside in CFTR-deficient human airway cells results in decreased β1-integrin signaling and delayed wound repair. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2014; 306:C819-30. [PMID: 24500283 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00168.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Loss of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) function reduces chloride secretion and increases sodium uptake, but it is not clear why CFTR mutation also results in progressive lung inflammation and infection. We previously demonstrated that CFTR-silenced airway cells migrate more slowly during wound repair than CFTR-expressing controls. In addition, CFTR-deficient cells and mouse models have been reported to have altered sphingolipid levels. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that reduced migration in CFTR-deficient airway epithelial cells results from altered sphingolipid composition. We used cell lines derived from a human airway epithelial cell line (Calu-3) stably transfected with CFTR short hairpin RNA (CFTR-silenced) or nontargeting short hairpin RNA (controls). Cell migration was measured by electric cell substrate impedance sensing (ECIS). Lipid analyses, addition of exogenous glycosphingolipids, and immunoblotting were performed. We found that levels of the glycosphingolipid, GM1 ganglioside, were ~60% lower in CFTR-silenced cells than in controls. CFTR-silenced cells exhibited reduced levels of activated β1-integrin, phosphorylated tyrosine 576 of focal adhesion kinase (pFAK), and phosphorylation of Crk-associated substrate (pCAS). Addition of GM1 (but not GM3) ganglioside to CFTR-silenced cells restored activated β1-integrin, pFAK, and pCAS to near control levels and partially restored (~40%) cell migration. Our results suggest that decreased GM1 in CFTR-silenced cells depresses β1-integrin signaling, which contributes to the delayed wound repair observed in these cells. These findings have implications for the pathology of cystic fibrosis, where altered sphingolipid levels in airway epithelial cells could result in a diminished capacity for wound repair after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Itokazu
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota
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8
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Venkatakrishnan V, Packer NH, Thaysen-Andersen M. Host mucin glycosylation plays a role in bacterial adhesion in lungs of individuals with cystic fibrosis. Expert Rev Respir Med 2014; 7:553-76. [DOI: 10.1586/17476348.2013.837752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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9
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Elías-Rodríguez P, Moreno-Clavijo E, Carmona AT, Moreno-Vargas AJ, Robina I. Rapid discovery of potent α-fucosidase inhibitors by in situ screening of a library of (pyrrolidin-2-yl)triazoles. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:5898-904. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00931b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The fucosidase inhibitory activity of a library of (pyrrolidin-2-yl)triazoles generated by CuAAC can be in situ analyzed, avoiding tedious purification steps. A potent and selective inhibitor was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Elías-Rodríguez
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Seville
- 41012-Seville, Spain
| | - Elena Moreno-Clavijo
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Seville
- 41012-Seville, Spain
| | - Ana T. Carmona
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Seville
- 41012-Seville, Spain
| | | | - Inmaculada Robina
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Seville
- 41012-Seville, Spain
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10
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Liu SW, Li YK. Expression, Purification and Characterization of Human α-l-Fucosidase. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200900126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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11
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Moreno-Clavijo E, Carmona AT, Moreno-Vargas AJ, Molina L, Wright DW, Davies GJ, Robina I. Exploring a Multivalent Approach to α-L-Fucosidase Inhibition. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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12
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Topin J, Arnaud J, Sarkar A, Audfray A, Gillon E, Perez S, Jamet H, Varrot A, Imberty A, Thomas A. Deciphering the glycan preference of bacterial lectins by glycan array and molecular docking with validation by microcalorimetry and crystallography. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71149. [PMID: 23976992 PMCID: PMC3747263 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in glycobiology revealed the essential role of lectins for deciphering the glycocode by specific recognition of carbohydrates. Integrated multiscale approaches are needed for characterizing lectin specificity: combining on one hand high-throughput analysis by glycan array experiments and systematic molecular docking of oligosaccharide libraries and on the other hand detailed analysis of the lectin/oligosaccharide interaction by x-ray crystallography, microcalorimetry and free energy calculations. The lectins LecB from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and BambL from Burkholderia ambifaria are part of the virulence factors used by the pathogenic bacteria to invade the targeted host. These two lectins are not related but both recognize fucosylated oligosaccharides such as the histo-blood group oligosaccharides of the ABH(O) and Lewis epitopes. The specificities were characterized using semi-quantitative data from glycan array and analyzed by molecular docking with the Glide software. Reliable prediction of protein/oligosaccharide structures could be obtained as validated by existing crystal structures of complexes. Additionally, the crystal structure of BambL/Lewis x was determined at 1.6 Å resolution, which confirms that Lewis x has to adopt a high-energy conformation so as to bind to this lectin. Free energies of binding were calculated using a procedure combining the Glide docking protocol followed by free energy rescoring with the Prime/Molecular Mechanics Generalized Born Surface Area (MM-GBSA) method. The calculated data were in reasonable agreement with experimental free energies of binding obtained by titration microcalorimetry. The established predictive protocol is proposed to rationalize large sets of data such as glycan arrays and to help in lead discovery projects based on such high throughput technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremie Topin
- CERMAV- Centre national de la recherche scientifique UPR5301 (affiliated to Université Joseph Fourier and ICMG), BP53, 38041 Grenoble, France
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR- Centre national de la recherche scientifique 5250 & ICMG FR 2607, Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Julie Arnaud
- CERMAV- Centre national de la recherche scientifique UPR5301 (affiliated to Université Joseph Fourier and ICMG), BP53, 38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Anita Sarkar
- CERMAV- Centre national de la recherche scientifique UPR5301 (affiliated to Université Joseph Fourier and ICMG), BP53, 38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Aymeric Audfray
- CERMAV- Centre national de la recherche scientifique UPR5301 (affiliated to Université Joseph Fourier and ICMG), BP53, 38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Emilie Gillon
- CERMAV- Centre national de la recherche scientifique UPR5301 (affiliated to Université Joseph Fourier and ICMG), BP53, 38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Serge Perez
- CERMAV- Centre national de la recherche scientifique UPR5301 (affiliated to Université Joseph Fourier and ICMG), BP53, 38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Helene Jamet
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR- Centre national de la recherche scientifique 5250 & ICMG FR 2607, Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Annabelle Varrot
- CERMAV- Centre national de la recherche scientifique UPR5301 (affiliated to Université Joseph Fourier and ICMG), BP53, 38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Anne Imberty
- CERMAV- Centre national de la recherche scientifique UPR5301 (affiliated to Université Joseph Fourier and ICMG), BP53, 38041 Grenoble, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Aline Thomas
- CERMAV- Centre national de la recherche scientifique UPR5301 (affiliated to Université Joseph Fourier and ICMG), BP53, 38041 Grenoble, France
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13
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Tu Z, Lin YN, Lin CH. Development of fucosyltransferase and fucosidase inhibitors. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:4459-75. [PMID: 23588106 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60056d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
L-Fucose-containing glycoconjugates are essential for a myriad of physiological and pathological activities, such as inflammation, bacterial and viral infections, tumor metastasis, and genetic disorders. Fucosyltransferases and fucosidases, the main enzymes involved in the incorporation and cleavage of L-fucose residues, respectively, represent captivating targets for therapeutic treatment and diagnosis. We herein review the important breakthroughs in the development of fucosyltransferase and fucosidase inhibitors. To demonstrate how the synthesized small molecules interact with the target enzymes, i.e. delineation of the structure-activity relationship, we cover the reaction mechanisms and resolved X-ray crystal structures, discuss how this information guides the design of enzyme inhibitors, and explain how the molecules were optimized to achieve satisfying potency and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijay Tu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No.128 Academia Road Section 2, Nan-Kang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
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14
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The ‘mirror-image’ postulate as a guide to the selection and evaluation of pyrrolidines as α-l-fucosidase inhibitors. Carbohydr Res 2013; 367:29-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Ligeour C, Audfray A, Gillon E, Meyer A, Galanos N, Vidal S, Vasseur JJ, Imberty A, Morvan F. Synthesis of branched-phosphodiester and mannose-centered fucosylated glycoclusters and their binding studies with Burkholderia ambifaria lectin (BambL). RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra43807d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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16
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Audfray A, Claudinon J, Abounit S, Ruvoën-Clouet N, Larson G, Smith DF, Wimmerová M, Le Pendu J, Römer W, Varrot A, Imberty A. Fucose-binding lectin from opportunistic pathogen Burkholderia ambifaria binds to both plant and human oligosaccharidic epitopes. J Biol Chem 2011; 287:4335-47. [PMID: 22170069 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.314831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia ambifaria is generally associated with the rhizosphere of plants where it has biocontrol effects on other microorganisms. It is also a member of the Burkholderia cepacia complex, a group of closely related bacteria that cause lung infections in immunocompromised patients as well as in patients with granulomatous disease or cystic fibrosis. Our previous work indicated that fucose on human epithelia is a frequent target for lectins and adhesins of lung pathogens (Sulák, O., Cioci, G., Lameignère, E., Balloy, V., Round, A., Gutsche, I., Malinovská, L., Chignard, M., Kosma, P., Aubert, D. F., Marolda, C. L., Valvano, M. A., Wimmerová, M., and Imberty, A. (2011) PLoS Pathog. 7, e1002238). Analysis of the B. ambifaria genome identified BambL as a putative fucose-binding lectin. The 87-amino acid protein was produced recombinantly and demonstrated to bind to fucosylated oligosaccharides with a preference for αFuc1-2Gal epitopes. Crystal structures revealed that it associates as a trimer with two fucose-binding sites per monomer. The overall fold is a six-bladed β-propeller formed by oligomerization as in the Ralstonia solanacearum lectin and not by sequential domains like the fungal fucose lectin from Aleuria aurantia. The affinity of BambL for small fucosylated glycans is very high as demonstrated by microcalorimetry (K(D) < 1 μM). Plant cell wall oligosaccharides and human histo-blood group oligosaccharides H-type 2 and Lewis Y are bound with equivalent efficiency. Binding to artificial glycosphingolipid-containing vesicles, human saliva, and lung tissues confirmed that BambL could recognize a wide spectrum of fucosylated epitopes, albeit with a lower affinity for biological material from nonsecretor individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymeric Audfray
- Centre de Recherche sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV)-CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier and Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble, 38041 Grenoble, France
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17
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Synthesis and inhibitory activities of novel C-3 substituted azafagomines: A new type of selective inhibitors of α-l-fucosidases. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:4648-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Revised: 05/05/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Wu H, Ho C, Ko T, Popat S, Lin C, Wang A. Structural Basis of α‐Fucosidase Inhibition by Iminocyclitols with
K
i
Values in the Micro‐ to Picomolar Range. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:337-40. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200905597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hsing‐Ju Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, CBMB, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, 128 Section 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 11529 (Taiwan), Fax: (+886) 2‐2788‐9759
| | - Ching‐Wen Ho
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, CBMB, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, 128 Section 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 11529 (Taiwan), Fax: (+886) 2‐2788‐9759
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing‐Hua University, Taipei (Taiwan)
| | - Tzu‐Ping Ko
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, CBMB, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, 128 Section 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 11529 (Taiwan), Fax: (+886) 2‐2788‐9759
| | - Shinde D. Popat
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, CBMB, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, 128 Section 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 11529 (Taiwan), Fax: (+886) 2‐2788‐9759
| | - Chun‐Hung Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, CBMB, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, 128 Section 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 11529 (Taiwan), Fax: (+886) 2‐2788‐9759
| | - Andrew H.‐J. Wang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, CBMB, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, 128 Section 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 11529 (Taiwan), Fax: (+886) 2‐2788‐9759
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19
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Wu H, Ho C, Ko T, Popat S, Lin C, Wang A. Structural Basis of α‐Fucosidase Inhibition by Iminocyclitols withKiValues in the Micro‐ to Picomolar Range. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200905597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hsing‐Ju Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, CBMB, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, 128 Section 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 11529 (Taiwan), Fax: (+886) 2‐2788‐9759
| | - Ching‐Wen Ho
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, CBMB, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, 128 Section 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 11529 (Taiwan), Fax: (+886) 2‐2788‐9759
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing‐Hua University, Taipei (Taiwan)
| | - Tzu‐Ping Ko
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, CBMB, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, 128 Section 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 11529 (Taiwan), Fax: (+886) 2‐2788‐9759
| | - Shinde D. Popat
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, CBMB, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, 128 Section 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 11529 (Taiwan), Fax: (+886) 2‐2788‐9759
| | - Chun‐Hung Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, CBMB, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, 128 Section 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 11529 (Taiwan), Fax: (+886) 2‐2788‐9759
| | - Andrew H.‐J. Wang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, CBMB, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, 128 Section 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 11529 (Taiwan), Fax: (+886) 2‐2788‐9759
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20
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Moreno-Clavijo E, Carmona AT, Vera-Ayoso Y, Moreno-Vargas AJ, Bello C, Vogel P, Robina I. Synthesis of novel pyrrolidine 3,4-diol derivatives as inhibitors of α-L-fucosidases. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:1192-202. [DOI: 10.1039/b819867e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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McClean S, Callaghan M. Burkholderia cepacia complex: epithelial cell–pathogen confrontations and potential for therapeutic intervention. J Med Microbiol 2009; 58:1-12. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.47788-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia cepaciacomplex (Bcc) is an important and virulent pathogen in cystic fibrosis patients. The interactions between this pathogen and the host lung epithelium are being widely investigated but remain to be elucidated. The complex is very versatile and its interactions with the lung epithelial cells are many and varied. The first steps in the interaction are penetration of the mucosal blanket and subsequent adherence to the epithelial cell surface. A range of epithelial receptors have been reported to bind to Bcc. The next step in pathogenesis is the invasion of the lung epithelial cell and also translocation across the epithelium to the serosal side. Furthermore, pathogenesis is mediated by a range of virulence factors that elicit their effects on the epithelial cells. This review outlines these interactions and examines the therapeutic implications of understanding the mechanisms of pathogenesis of this difficult, antibiotic-resistant, opportunistic pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhán McClean
- Centre of Microbial Host Interactions, Institute of Technology Tallaght Dublin, Dublin 24, Ireland
| | - Máire Callaghan
- Centre of Microbial Host Interactions, Institute of Technology Tallaght Dublin, Dublin 24, Ireland
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22
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Liu SW, Chen CS, Chang SS, Mong KKT, Lin CH, Chang CW, Tang CY, Li YK. Identification of Essential Residues of Human α-l-Fucosidase and Tests of Its Mechanism. Biochemistry 2008; 48:110-20. [DOI: 10.1021/bi801529t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Wen Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, and Department of Computer Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Sheng Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, and Department of Computer Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Shen Chang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, and Department of Computer Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Kwok-Kong Tony Mong
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, and Department of Computer Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, and Department of Computer Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wen Chang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, and Department of Computer Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chuan Yi Tang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, and Department of Computer Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yaw-Kuen Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, and Department of Computer Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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23
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Yu Y, Platoshyn O, Safrina O, Tsigelny I, Yuan JXJ, Keller SH. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) functionality is dependent on coatomer protein I (COPI). Biol Cell 2007; 99:433-44. [PMID: 17388782 DOI: 10.1042/bc20060114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Cystic fibrosis results from mutations in the ABC transporter CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator), which functions as a cAMP-regulated anion channel. The most prevalent mutation in CFTR, the Phe(508) deletion, results in the generation of a trafficking and functionally deficient channel. The cellular machineries involved in modulating CFTR trafficking and function have not been fully characterized. In the present study, we identified a role for the COPI (coatomer protein I) cellular trafficking machinery in the development of the CFTR polypeptide into a functional chloride channel. To examine the role of COPI in CFTR biosynthesis, we employed the cell line ldlF, which harbours a temperature-sensitive mutation in epsilon-COP, a COPI subunit, to inhibit COPI function and then determined whether the CFTR polypeptide produced from the transfected gene developed into a cAMP-regulated chloride channel. RESULTS When COPI was inactivated in the ldlF cells by an elevated temperature pulse (39 degrees C), the CFTR polypeptide was detected on the cell surface by immunofluorescence microscopy and cell-surface biotinylation. Therefore, CFTR proceeded upstream in the secretory pathway in the absence of COPI function, a result demonstrated previously by others. In contrast, electrophysiological measurements indicated an absence of cAMP-stimulated chloride efflux, suggesting that channel function was impaired. In comparison, expression of CFTR at the same elevated temperature (39 degrees C) in an epsilon-COP-rescued cell line [ldlF(ldlF)], which has an introduced wild-type epsilon-COP gene in addition to the mutant epsilon-COP gene, showed restoration of cAMP-stimulated channel activity, confirming the requirement of COPI for channel function. CONCLUSIONS These results therefore suggest that generation of the folded-functional conformation of CFTR requires COPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0725, USA
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24
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Roussel P. Airway Glycoconjugates Secreted in Cystic Fibrosis and Severe Chronic Airway Inflammation Relationship with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/0-387-23250-8_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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25
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Schulz BL, Sloane AJ, Robinson LJ, Prasad SS, Lindner RA, Robinson M, Bye PT, Nielson DW, Harry JL, Packer NH, Karlsson NG. Glycosylation of sputum mucins is altered in cystic fibrosis patients. Glycobiology 2007; 17:698-712. [PMID: 17392389 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwm036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by chronic lung infection and inflammation, with periods of acute exacerbation causing severe and irreversible lung tissue damage. We used protein and glycosylation analysis of high-molecular mass proteins in saline-induced sputum from CF adults with and without an acute exacerbation, CF children with stable disease and preserved lung function, and healthy non-CF adult and child controls to identify potential biomarkers of lung condition. While the main high-molecular mass proteins in the sputum from all subjects were the mucins MUC5B and MUC5AC, these appeared degraded in CF adults with an exacerbation. The glycosylation of these mucins also showed reduced sulfation, increased sialylation, and reduced fucosylation in CF adults compared with controls. Despite improvements in pulmonary function after hospitalization, these differences remained. Two CF children showed glycoprotein profiles similar to those of CF adults with exacerbations and also presented with pulmonary flares shortly after sampling, while the remaining CF children had profiles indistinguishable from those of healthy non-CF controls. Sputum mucin glycosylation and degradation are therefore not inherently different in CF, and may also be useful predictive biomarkers of lung condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Schulz
- Proteome Systems Ltd, Unit 1, 35-41 Waterloo Road, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2113, Australia
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26
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Gu G, Liu H, Pinto BM. Facile synthesis of sulfonium ion derivatives of 1,5-anhydro-5-thio-l-fucitol as potential α-l-fucosidase inhibitors. Carbohydr Res 2006; 341:2478-86. [PMID: 16930571 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2006.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2006] [Revised: 07/31/2006] [Accepted: 08/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Five sulfonium ion derivatives with 1,5-anhydro-5-thio-L-fucitol as a core structure were efficiently synthesized as potential alpha-L-fucosidase inhibitors. The key unit, the tri-O-benzyl derivative of L-fucitol, was readily synthesized from methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside. Alkylation with methyl iodide or 5-methoxycarbonyl-1-pentyl iodide in acetonitrile containing AgBF4 afforded the corresponding alkylated sulfonium tetrafluoroborates. Alternatively, ring opening of three 1,3-cyclic sulfates in 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) containing K2CO3 afforded the corresponding zwitterionic sulfonium sulfates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofeng Gu
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
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27
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Abstract
Fucosylated carbohydrate structures are involved in a variety of biological and pathological processes in eukaryotic organisms including tissue development, angiogenesis, fertilization, cell adhesion, inflammation, and tumor metastasis. In contrast, fucosylation appears less common in prokaryotic organisms and has been suggested to be involved in molecular mimicry, adhesion, colonization, and modulating the host immune response. Fucosyltransferases (FucTs), present in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms, are the enzymes responsible for the catalysis of fucose transfer from donor guanosine-diphosphate fucose to various acceptor molecules including oligosaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids. To date, several subfamilies of mammalian FucTs have been well characterized; these enzymes are therefore delineated and used as models. Non-mammalian FucTs that possess different domain construction or display distinctive acceptor substrate specificity are highlighted. It is noteworthy that the glycoconjugates from plants and schistosomes contain some unusual fucose linkages, suggesting the presence of novel FucT subfamilies as yet to be characterized. Despite the very low sequence homology, striking functional similarity is exhibited between mammalian and Helicobacter pylori alpha1,3/4 FucTs, implying that these enzymes likely share a conserved mechanistic and structural basis for fucose transfer; such conserved functional features might also exist when comparing other FucT subfamilies from different origins. Fucosyltranferases are promising tools used in synthesis of fucosylated oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates, which show great potential in the treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases and tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Ma
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2H7
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Vajner L, Uhlík J, Konrádová V, Klescová A, Adásková J. Local administration of 2% trimecaine affects the content of fucosylated glycoconjugates in goblet cells in rabbit tracheal epithelium. Int J Exp Pathol 2006; 87:283-8. [PMID: 16875493 PMCID: PMC2517373 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2006.00483.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The proportion of fucosylated glycoconjugate-containing rabbit tracheal goblet cells after intratracheal application of trimecaine was studied to evaluate its possible unfavourable effects. This lapine model is comparable with diagnostic findings in humans because airway epithelia in humans and rabbits are similar; tracheal epithelium is also practically identical to bronchial epithelium in both species. Local trimecaine anaesthesia caused a proportional decrease in percentage of the tracheal goblet cells containing both alpha(1-2)- and alpha(1-6)-, alpha(1-3)- and alpha(1-4)-fucosylated glycoconjugates as revealed 10 min postexposure using lectin histochemistry. In previous studies, only mild ultrastructural damage to the airway's epithelium was revealed, but a conspicuous decrease in sialylated glycoconjugate-containing tracheal goblet cells and the dominance of acidic sulphated glycoconjugates were observed as after-effects of the same treatment. Glycoconjugate changes can influence the inner environment of airways (e.g. viscoelastic properties of the airways' mucus and mucosal barrier functions) and thus the patient's defence barriers in airways may be weakened. Concurrently, the histochemical properties of goblet cells can be altered in bronchoscopic specimens. Since trimecaine is widely used as local anaesthesia in airways in bronchoscopy, it is necessary to heed these aforementioned effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludek Vajner
- Department of Histology and Embryology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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29
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Abstract
This review focuses on the role and regulation of mucin glycoproteins (mucins) in airway health and disease. Mucins are highly glycosylated macromolecules (> or =50% carbohydrate, wt/wt). MUC protein backbones are characterized by numerous tandem repeats that contain proline and are high in serine and/or threonine residues, the sites of O-glycosylation. Secretory and membrane-tethered mucins contribute to mucociliary defense, an innate immune defense system that protects the airways against pathogens and environmental toxins. Inflammatory/immune response mediators and the overproduction of mucus characterize chronic airway diseases: asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), or cystic fibrosis (CF). Specific inflammatory/immune response mediators can activate mucin gene regulation and airway remodeling, including goblet cell hyperplasia (GCH). These processes sustain airway mucin overproduction and contribute to airway obstruction by mucus and therefore to the high morbidity and mortality associated with these diseases. Importantly, mucin overproduction and GCH, although linked, are not synonymous and may follow from different signaling and gene regulatory pathways. In section i, structure, expression, and localization of the 18 human MUC genes and MUC gene products having tandem repeat domains and the specificity and application of MUC-specific antibodies that identify mucin gene products in airway tissues, cells, and secretions are overviewed. Mucin overproduction in chronic airway diseases and secretory cell metaplasia in animal model systems are reviewed in section ii and addressed in disease-specific subsections on asthma, COPD, and CF. Information on regulation of mucin genes by inflammatory/immune response mediators is summarized in section iii. In section iv, deficiencies in understanding the functional roles of mucins at the molecular level are identified as areas for further investigations that will impact on airway health and disease. The underlying premise is that understanding the pathways and processes that lead to mucus overproduction in specific airway diseases will allow circumvention or amelioration of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Callaghan Rose
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Room 5700, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
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30
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Brik A, Wu CY, Wong CH. Microtiter plate based chemistry and in situ screening: a useful approach for rapid inhibitor discovery. Org Biomol Chem 2006; 4:1446-57. [PMID: 16604207 DOI: 10.1039/b600055j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of libraries extracted from nature or constructed by combinatorial chemistry, have been widely appreciated in the drug discovery area. In this perspective, we present our contribution to the field of enzyme inhibitor discovery using a useful approach that allows diversification of a common core in a microtiter plate followed by in situ screening. Our method relies on an organic reaction that is highly selective, high yielding, amenable to the microscale and preferably can be performed in water. The core can be a designed molecule based on the structural and mechanistic information of the target, a compound with a weak binding affinity, or a natural product. Several reactions were found useful for this approach and were applied to the rapid discovery of potent inhibitors of representative enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Brik
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, USA
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31
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Chang CF, Ho CW, Wu CY, Chao TA, Wong CH, Lin CH. Discovery of picomolar slow tight-binding inhibitors of alpha-fucosidase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 11:1301-6. [PMID: 15380190 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2004.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2004] [Revised: 06/27/2004] [Accepted: 07/14/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Glycosidase inhibitors have shown great medicinal and pharmaceutical values as exemplified by the therapeutic treatment of influenza virus and non-insulin-dependent diabetes. We herein report the discovery of picomolar slow tight-binding inhibitors 2-5 against the alpha-fucosidase from Corynebacterium sp. by a rapid screening for an optimal aglycon attached to 1-aminomethyl fuconojirimycin (1). The time-dependent inhibition displays the progressive tightening of enzyme-inhibitor complex from a low nanomolar K(i) to picomolar K(i)* value. Particularly compound 2 with a K(i)* of 0.46 pM represents the most potent glycosidase inhibitor to date. The effect of compound 3 on the intrinsic fluorescence of alpha-fucosidase is both time- and concentration-dependent in a saturation-type manner, which is consistent with the initial formation of a rapid equilibrium complex of enzyme and inhibitor (E.I), followed by the slower formation of a tightly bound enzyme-inhibitor complex (E.I*). The binding affinity increases 3.5 x 10(4)-fold from 1 (K(i) = 16.3 nM) to 2 (K(i)* = 0.46 pM). This work clearly demonstrates the effectiveness of our combinatorial approach leading to the rapid discovery of potent inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Fa Chang
- The Genomic Research Center and Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road Section 2, Nan-Kang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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32
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Kreda SM, Mall M, Mengos A, Rochelle L, Yankaskas J, Riordan JR, Boucher RC. Characterization of wild-type and deltaF508 cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator in human respiratory epithelia. Mol Biol Cell 2005; 16:2154-67. [PMID: 15716351 PMCID: PMC1087225 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e04-11-1010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies in native tissues have produced conflicting data on the localization and metabolic fate of WT and deltaF508 cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) in the lung. Combining immunocytochemical and biochemical studies utilizing new high-affinity CFTR mAbs with ion transport assays, we examined both 1) the cell type and region specific expression of CFTR in normal airways and 2) the metabolic fate of deltaF508 CFTR and associated ERM proteins in the cystic fibrosis lung. Studies of lungs from a large number of normal subjects revealed that WT CFTR protein localized to the apical membrane of ciliated cells within the superficial epithelium and gland ducts. In contrast, other cell types in the superficial, gland acinar, and alveolar epithelia expressed little WT CFTR protein. No deltaF508 CFTR mature protein or function could be detected in airway specimens freshly excised from a large number of deltaF508 homozygous subjects, despite an intact ERM complex. In sum, our data demonstrate that WT CFTR is predominantly expressed in ciliated cells, and deltaF508 CFTR pathogenesis in native tissues, like heterologous cells, reflects loss of normal protein processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia M Kreda
- Cystic Fibrosis/Pulmonary Research and Treatment Center, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7248, USA.
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Rhim AD, Stoykova LI, Trindade AJ, Glick MC, Scanlin TF. Altered terminal glycosylation and the pathophysiology of CF lung disease. J Cyst Fibros 2004; 3 Suppl 2:95-6. [PMID: 15463936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2004.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Altered terminal glycosylation, with increased fucosylation and decreased sialylation, is a hallmark of the cystic fibrosis (CF) glycosylation phenotype. The glycosylation phenotype of CF airway epithelial cells has been modulated by the expression of wtCFTR. Understanding the effects of mutant CFTR on glycosylation may provide further insight into the regulation of glycoconjugate processing as well as new approaches to the therapy of CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Rhim
- Cystic Fibrosis Center and Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, ARB 402, 34th and Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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34
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Vajner L, Konrádová V, Uhlík J, Adásková J. The effects of intravenously administered methylxanthines on the proportion of goblet cells containing fucosylated glycoconjugates in rabbit tracheal epithelium. Acta Histochem 2004; 106:47-54. [PMID: 15032328 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2003.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The proportion of goblet cells containing various fucosylated glycoconjugates was evaluated with the use of lectin histochemistry in rabbit tracheal epithelium at 15 and 30 min after intravenous administration of either aminophylline (Syntophyllin) or a mixture of etophylline and theophylline (Oxantil). Methylxanthine derivatives are nonspecific inhibitors of phosphodiesterases that are used to treat bronchial asthma; the proportion of fucosylated glycoconjugates strongly affects rheologic properties of respiratory tract mucus. It is concluded that administration of Syntophyllin dramatically lowered the proportion of goblet cells containing fucosylated glycoconjugates in rabbit tracheal epithelium, especially at 30 min after exposure. This decrease was strongest in the levels of alpha(1-2)-fucosylated glycoconjugates. Therefore, Syntophyllin substantially altered the composition and viscoelastic properties of mucus of the upper respiratory tract. The vasodilator Oxantil exerted less pronounced changes in the proportion of goblet cells, but the strongest effect was again found in the levels of alpha(1-2)-fucosylated glycoconjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludek Vajner
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, V Uvalu 84, Prague 5-Motol, CZ-15006, Czech Republic.
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Marshall LJ, Perks B, Bodey K, Suri R, Bush A, Shute JK. Free secretory component from cystic fibrosis sputa displays the cystic fibrosis glycosylation phenotype. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003; 169:399-406. [PMID: 14597481 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200305-619oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretory IgA contributes to humoral defense mechanisms against pathogens targeting mucosal surfaces, and secretory component (SC) fulfills multiple roles in this defense. The aims of this study were to quantify total SC and to analyze the form of free SC in sputa from normal subjects, subjects with asthma, and subjects with cystic fibrosis (CF). Significantly higher levels of SC were detected in CF compared with both other groups. Gel filtration chromatography revealed that SC in CF was relatively degraded. Free SC normally binds interleukin (IL)-8 and inhibits its function. However, in CF sputa, IL-8 binding to intact SC was reduced. Analysis of the total carbohydrate content of free SC signified overglycosylation in CF compared with normal subjects and subjects with asthma. Monosaccharide composition analysis of free SC from CF subjects revealed overfucosylation and undersialylation, in agreement with the reported CF glycosylation phenotype. SC binding to IL-8 did not interfere with the binding of IL-8 to heparin, indicating distinct binding sites on IL-8 for negative regulation of function by SC and heparin. We suggest that defective structure and function of SC contribute to the characteristic sustained inflammatory response in the CF airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay J Marshall
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK.
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36
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Stoykova LI, Liu A, Scanlin TF, Glick MC. Alpha1,3fucosyltransferases in cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells. Biochimie 2003; 85:363-7. [PMID: 12770774 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(03)00061-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) has a glycophenotype of aberrant sialylation and/or fucosylation. The CF glycophenotype is expressed on membrane glycoconjugates of CF airway epithelial cells as increased fucosyl residues in alpha1,3/4 linkage to N-acetyl glucosamine, decreased fucosyl residues in alpha1,2 linkage to galactose and decreased sialic acid. To define the cause of this phenotype, the enzyme activity of alpha1,3fucosyltransferase (FucT) was examined in extracts of CF airway epithelial cells with a variety of low molecular weight substrates. Using Galbeta1,4GlcNAc as substrate, the activity was divided into 66% alpha1,3FucT and 34% alpha1,2FucT. mRNA expression examined with probes to FucTIII, IV, and VII showed that the highest expression of two CF cell lines was for FucTIV. Only one CF cell line expressed mRNA for FucTIII. The non CF airway epithelial cells had significant enzyme activity for alpha1,3FucT and strong mRNA expression for FucTIV. Thus as reported previously for alpha1,2FucT, the biochemical capacity for alpha1,3FucT was present in both the CF and non CF cells and can not be the cause of the CF glycophenotype. These results support the hypothesis that wild type CFTR acts in the Golgi and when mutated as in CF, faulty compartmentalization of terminal glycosyltransferases results, yielding the CF glycophenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia I Stoykova
- The Cystic Fibrosis Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 19104-4318, USA
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Roussel P, Lamblin G. The Glycosylation of Airway Mucins in Cystic Fibrosis and its Relationship with Lung Infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2003; 535:17-32. [PMID: 14714886 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-0065-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Roussel
- Département de Biochimie, Faculté de Médecine et Université de Lille 2, place de Verdun, 59045 Lille, France
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Rhim AD, Stoykova L, Glick MC, Scanlin TF. Terminal glycosylation in cystic fibrosis (CF): a review emphasizing the airway epithelial cell. Glycoconj J 2001; 18:649-59. [PMID: 12386452 DOI: 10.1023/a:1020815205022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Altered terminal glycosylation, with increased fucosylation and decreased sialylation is a hallmark of the cystic fibrosis (CF) glycosylation phenotype. Oligosaccharides purified from the surface membrane glycoconjugates of CF airway epithelial cells have the Lewis x, selectin ligand in terminal positions. This review is focused on the investigations of the glycoconjugates of the CF airway epithelial cell surface. Two of the major bacterial pathogens in CF, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Haemophilus influenzae, have binding proteins which recognize fucose in alpha-1,3 linkage and asialoglycoconjugates. Therefore, consideration has been given to the possibility that the altered terminal glycosylation of airway epithelial glycoproteins in CF contributes to both the chronic infection and the robust, but ineffective, inflammatory response in the CF lung. Since the glycosylation phenotype of CF airway epithelial cells have been modulated by the expression of wtCFTR, the hypotheses which have been proposed to relate altered function of CFTR to the regulation of the glycosyltransferases are discussed. Understanding the effects of mutant CFTR on glycosylation may provide further insight into the regulation of glycoconjugate processing as well as new approaches to the therapy of CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Rhim
- The Cystic Fibrosis Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3516 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Lamblin G, Degroote S, Perini JM, Delmotte P, Scharfman A, Davril M, Lo-Guidice JM, Houdret N, Dumur V, Klein A, Rousse P. Human airway mucin glycosylation: a combinatory of carbohydrate determinants which vary in cystic fibrosis. Glycoconj J 2001; 18:661-84. [PMID: 12386453 DOI: 10.1023/a:1020867221861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Human airway mucins represent a very broad family of polydisperse high molecular mass glycoproteins, which are part of the airway innate immunity. Apomucins, which correspond to their peptide part, are encoded by at least 6 different mucin genes (MUC1, MUC2, MUC4, MUC5B, MUC5AC and MUC7). The expression of some of these genes (at least MUC2 and MUC5AC) is induced by bacterial products, tobacco smoke and different cytokines. Human airway mucins are highly glycosylated (70-80% per weight). They contain from one single to several hundred carbohydrate chains. The carbohydrate chains that cover the apomucins are extremely diverse, adding to the complexity of these molecules. Structural information is available for more than 150 different O-glycan chains corresponding to the shortest chains (less than 12 sugars). The biosynthesis of these carbohydrate chains is a stepwise process involving many glycosyl- or sulfo-transferases. The only structural element shared by all mucin O-glycan chains is a GalNAc residue linked to a serine or threonine residue of the apomucin. There is growing evidence that the apomucin sequences influence the first glycosylation reactions. The elongation of the chains leads to various linear or branched extensions. Their non-reducing end, which corresponds to the termination of the chains, may bear different carbohydrate structures, such as histo-blood groups A or B determinants, H and sulfated H determinants, Lewis a, Lewis b, Lewis x or Lewis y epitopes, as well as sialyl- or sulfo- (sometimes sialyl- and sulfo-) Lewis a or Lewis x determinants. The synthesis of these different terminal determinants involves three different pathways with a whole set of glycosyl- and sulfo-transferases. Due to their wide structural diversity forming a combinatory of carbohydrate determinants as well as their location at the surface of the airways, mucins are involved in multiple interactions with microorganisms and are very important in the protection of the underlying airway mucosa. Airway mucins are oversulfated in cystic fibrosis and this feature has been considered as being linked to a primary defect of the disease. However, a similar pattern is observed in mucins from patients suffering from chronic bronchitis when they are severely infected. Airway mucins from severely infected patients suffering either from cystic fibrosis or from chronic bronchitis are also highly sialylated, and highly express sialylated and sulfated Lewis x determinants, a feature which may reflect severe mucosal inflammation or infection. These determinants are potential sites of attachment for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the pathogen responsible for most of the morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis, and the expression of the sulfo- and glycosyl-transferases involved in their biosynthesis is increased by TNFalpha. In summary, airway inflammation may simultaneously induce the expression of mucin genes (MUC2 and MUC5AC) and the expression of several glycosyl- and sulfo-transferases, therefore modifying the combinatory glycosylation of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Lamblin
- INSERM U 377, Faculté de Médecine and Université de Lille 2, place de Verdun, 59045 Lille Cedex, France
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Brockhausen I, Vavasseur F, Yang X. Biosynthesis of mucin type O-glycans: lack of correlation between glycosyltransferase and sulfotransferase activities and CFTR expression. Glycoconj J 2001; 18:685-97. [PMID: 12386454 DOI: 10.1023/a:1020819305931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Structural differences have been reported in the glycosylation patterns of cystic fibrosis glycoproteins. Although the gene mutated in cystic fibrosis (CFTR) has been cloned and characterized as a chloride channel, its relationship to the highly viscous mucus and structural glycoprotein and mucin abnormalities in cystic fibrosis still remains to be defined. We have evaluated O-glycan biosynthesis in CHO and BHK cells that express CFTR and DeltaF508 CFTR as in vitro models, and utilized the cftr knockout mouse as an in vivo model of CFTR dysfunction. Activities of glycosyltransferases and sulfotransferases synthesizing mucin type O-glycan chains were determined in these models. Differences in transferase activity levels were found between tissues and cell types and during mouse development. No specific patterns of activities were associated with the lack of CFTR or with DeltaF508CFTR expression. This suggests that it is not the presence or absence of normal CFTR, or the presence of mutant CFTR alone, but rather cell specific additional factors or pathophysiological consequences that determine the changes in mucin glycosylation in cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Brockhausen
- Department of Medicine, Etherington Hall, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada.
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Scanlin TF, Glick MC. Glycosylation and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. Respir Res 2001; 2:276-9. [PMID: 11686896 PMCID: PMC59516 DOI: 10.1186/rr69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2001] [Revised: 06/22/2001] [Accepted: 06/27/2001] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) has been known for the past 11 years to be a membrane glycoprotein with chloride channel activity. Only recently has the glycosylation of CFTR been examined in detail, by O'Riordan et al in Glycobiology. Using cells that overexpress wild-type (wt)CFTR, the presence of polylactosamine was noted on the fully glycosylated form of CFTR. In the present commentary the results of that work are discussed in relation to the glycosylation phenotype of cystic fibrosis (CF), and the cellular localization and processing of DeltaF508 CFTR. The significance of the glycosylation will be known when endogenous CFTR from primary human tissue is examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Scanlin
- Cystic Fibrosis Center and Department of Pediatrics, Abramson Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104-4318, USA.
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