1
|
Huang X, Chang L, Ge J, Wang P, Yin R, Liu G, Wang G. Visualized Enzyme-Activated Fluorescence Probe for Accurately Detecting β-Gal in Living Cells and BALB/c Nude Mice. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03680-2. [PMID: 38607528 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03680-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer was one of the major malignant tumors threatening human health and β-Gal was recognized as a principal biomarker for primary colorectal cancer. Thus, designing specific and efficient quantitative detection methods for measuring β-Gal enzyme activity was of great clinical test significance. Herein, an ultrasensitive detection method based on Turn-on fluorescence probe (CS-βGal) was reported for visualizing the detection of exogenous and endogenous β-galactosidase enzyme activity. The test method possessed a series of excellent performances, such as a significant fluorescence enhancement (about 11.3-fold), high selectivity as well as superior sensitivity. Furthermore, under the optimal experimental conditions, a relatively low limit of detection down to 0.024 U/mL was achieved for fluorescence titration experiment. It was thanks to the better biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity, CS-βGal had been triumphantly employed to visual detect endogenous and exogenous β-Gal concentration variations in living cells with noteworthy anti-interference performance. More biologically significant was the fact that the application of CS-βGal in BALB/c nude mice was also achieved successfully for monitoring endogenous β-Gal enzyme activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Jiangbei Hospital, Nanjing, 210048, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Le Chang
- Nanjing Aoyin Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210061, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jianxin Ge
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Jiangbei Hospital, Nanjing, 210048, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Jiangbei Hospital, Nanjing, 210048, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Rui Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Jiangbei Hospital, Nanjing, 210048, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Guanqi Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Jiangbei Hospital, Nanjing, 210048, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Guopin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Jiangbei Hospital, Nanjing, 210048, Jiangsu, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu C, Mei Y, Yang H, Zhang Q, Zheng K, Zhang P, Ding C. Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe for Real-Time Detection of β-Galactosidase Activity in Lysosomes and Its Application in Drug-Induced Senescence Imaging. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 38315820 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Senescence is an important biological process, which leads to the gradual degradation of its physiological function and increases morbidity and mortality. Herein, a novel ratiometric fluorescent probe (P1) was constructed by using benzothiazolyl acetonitrile dye as fluorophore, exhibiting significantly enhanced blue-shifted emission to indicate the activity of β-galactosidase (β-gal), a commonly used biomarker for the detection of senescent cells. After incubation with β-gal, the excimer emission of P1 at 620 nm was weakened, while the emission at 533 nm was significantly enhanced, forming an obvious ratiometric probe with high sensitivity and low detection limit (2.7 mU·mL-1). More importantly, probe P1 can locate lysosomes accurately, allowing us to monitor the emergence of living cell senescence in real time. P1 was successfully used to detect β-gal activity in PC-12 cells, Hep G2 cells, and RAW 264.7 cells. It showed strong green fluorescence signal in senescent cells and red fluorescence signal in normal cells, indicating that it can detect endogenous senescence-related β-gal content in living cells. For in vivo drug-induced senescence imaging, after 5 weeks of injection of D-galactose or hydroxyurea, the mice showed significant fluorescence enhancement in specific channels to indicate the activity of β-gal in vivo. At the same time, the senescence of cell-specific organs and skin tissues at the organ level were also detected, which proved that the drug-induced senescence of brain, skin, and muscle tissues was the most serious. These results supported the important application value of P1 in senescence biomedical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengmei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE; Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Yu Mei
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE; Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE; Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE; Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Ke Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE; Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE; Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Caifeng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE; Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Near-Infrared-Emissive AIE Bioconjugates: Recent Advances and Perspectives. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27123914. [PMID: 35745035 PMCID: PMC9229065 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence materials have exhibited formidable power in the field of biomedicine, benefiting from their merits of low autofluorescence background, reduced photon scattering, and deeper penetration depth. Fluorophores possessing planar conformation may confront the shortcomings of aggregation-caused quenching effects at the aggregate level. Fortunately, the concept of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) thoroughly reverses this dilemma. AIE bioconjugates referring to the combination of luminogens showing an AIE nature with biomolecules possessing specific functionalities are generated via the covalent conjugation between AIEgens and functional biological species, covering carbohydrates, peptides, proteins, DNA, and so on. This perfect integration breeds unique superiorities containing high brightness, good water solubility, versatile functionalities, and prominent biosafety. In this review, we summarize the recent progresses of NIR-emissive AIE bioconjugates focusing on their design principles and biomedical applications. Furthermore, a brief prospect of the challenges and opportunities of AIE bioconjugates for a wide range of biomedical applications is presented.
Collapse
|
4
|
Lee SK, Shen Z, Han MS, Tung CH. Developing a far-red fluorogenic beta-galactosidase probe for senescent cell imaging and photoablation. RSC Adv 2022; 12:4543-4549. [PMID: 35425504 PMCID: PMC8981090 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00377e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A methylene blue (MB)-based beta-galactosidase (β-gal) activatable molecule, Gal-MB, was developed for senescence imaging and light-triggered senolysis. When in contact with LacZ β-gal or senescence-associated β-gal (SA-β-gal), the photoinsensitive Gal-MB becomes fluorescent. Gal-MB also offered selective phototoxicity toward LacZ β-gal expressing cells and drug-induced senescent cells, which express SA-β-gal, after light illumination at 665 nm. A methylene blue (MB)-based beta-galactosidase (β-gal) activatable molecule, Gal-MB, was developed for senescence imaging and light-triggered senolysis.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Koo Lee
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine New York NY 10021 USA
| | - Zhenhua Shen
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine New York NY 10021 USA
| | - Myung Shin Han
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine New York NY 10021 USA
| | - Ching-Hsuan Tung
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine New York NY 10021 USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dong L, Zhang MY, Han HH, Zang Y, Chen GR, Li J, He XP, Vidal S. A general strategy to the intracellular sensing of glycosidases using AIE-based glycoclusters. Chem Sci 2021; 13:247-256. [PMID: 35059174 PMCID: PMC8694377 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05057e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosidases, which are the enzymes responsible for the removal of residual monosaccharides from glycoconjugates, are involved in many different biological and pathological events. The ability to detect sensitively the activity and spatiotemporal distribution of glycosidases in cells will provide useful tools for disease diagnosis. However, the currently developed fluorogenic probes for glycosidases are generally based on the glycosylation of the phenol group of a donor-acceptor type fluorogen. This molecular scaffold has potential drawbacks in terms of substrate scope, sensitivity because of aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ), and the inability for long-term cell tracking. Here, we developed glycoclusters characterized by aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties as a general platform for the sensing of a variety of glycosidases. To overcome the low chemical reactivity associated with phenol glycosylation, here we developed an AIE-based scaffold, which is composed of tetraphenylethylene conjugated with dicyanomethylene-4H-pyran (TPE-DCM) with a red fluorescence emission. Subsequently, a pair of dendritic linkages was introduced to both sides of the fluorophore, to which six copies of monosaccharides (d-glucose, d-galactose or l-fucose) were introduced through azide-alkyne click chemistry. The resulting AIE-active glycoclusters were shown to be capable of (1) fluorogenic sensing of a diverse range of glycosidases including β-d-galactosidase, β-d-glucosidase and α-l-fucosidase through the AIE mechanism, (2) fluorescence imaging of the endogenous glycosidase activities in healthy and cancer cells, and during cell senescence, and (3) glycosidase-activated, long-term imaging of cells. The present study provides a general strategy to the functional, in situ imaging of glycosidase activities through the multivalent display of sugar epitopes of interest onto properly designed AIE-active fluorogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Dong
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Rd. Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, Laboratoire de Chimie Organique 2-Glycochimie, UMR 5246, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon 1 Rue Victor Grignard F-69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Min-Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Rd. Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Hai-Hao Han
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Rd. Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Yi Zang
- National Centre for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences 189 Guo Shoujing Rd. Shanghai 201203 P. R. China
| | - Guo-Rong Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Rd. Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Jia Li
- National Centre for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences 189 Guo Shoujing Rd. Shanghai 201203 P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Peng He
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Rd. Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Sébastien Vidal
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, Laboratoire de Chimie Organique 2-Glycochimie, UMR 5246, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon 1 Rue Victor Grignard F-69622 Villeurbanne France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sharma SK, Poudel Sharma S, Leblanc RM. Methods of detection of β-galactosidase enzyme in living cells. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 150:109885. [PMID: 34489038 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The application of β-galactosidase enzyme ranges from industrial use as probiotics to medically important application such as cancer detection. The irregular activities of β-galactosidase enzyme are directly related to the development of cancers. Identifying the location and expression levels of enzymes in cancer cells have considerable importance in early-stage cancer diagnosis and monitoring the efficacy of therapies. Most importantly, the knowledge of the efficient method of detection of β-galactosidase enzyme will help in the early-stage treatment of the disease. In this review paper, we provide an overview of recent advances in the detection methods of β-galactosidase enzyme in the living cells, including the detection strategies, and approaches in human beings, plants, and microorganisms such as bacteria. Further, we emphasized on the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly developing field of development of different biomarkers and fluorescent probes based on β-galactosidase enzyme. We found that previously used chromo-fluorogenic methods have been mostly replaced by the new molecular probes, although they have certain drawbacks. Upon comparing the different methods, it was found that near-infrared fluorescent probes are dominating the other detection methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiv K Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, United States; Thomas More University, 333 Thomas More Pkwy, Crestview Hills, KY 41017
| | - Sijan Poudel Sharma
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, United States
| | - Roger M Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhan H, Pu S, Liu J, Wang Y, Liu X, Tao Y, Fei X, Tian J. New insights into the detection mechanism of β-galactosidase in living cells with fluorescent probes. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
8
|
Li Z, Ren M, Zhao Y, Song W, Cheng J, Lin W. A fluorescent probe for specific detection of β-galactosidase in living cells and tissues based on ESIPT mechanism. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 251:119446. [PMID: 33465572 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
β-galactosidase is of great significance to living organisms, which is an important marker of primary ovarian cancer and cellular senescence. To detect the activity of β-galactosidase, a novel fluorescent probe ESIPT-GAL which based on excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) mechanism for detecting β-galactosidase is developed in this work with low background fluorescence and high sensitivity (ΦF = 0.0045-0.2409). The fluorescence intensity at 552 nm of this probe increased by ~ 55 times with β-galactosidase addition (0-4 U/mL), and its detection limit is very low (3.9 × 10-5 U/mL). In addition, the spectral data (pseudo-first-order rate: 1.303 min-1) and enzyme kinetic parameter (Vmax = 69.5 μΜ•S-1) both show that the probe can achieve rapid response to β-galactosidase. Moreover, the probe has good water solubility, which ensures that it has good biocompatibility and can be easily applied to detect β-galactosidase in living cells and tissues. Importantly, the probe ESIPT-GAL can monitor β-galactosidase in deep mouse tissue sections (90 μm).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zihong Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China; Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, PR China
| | - Mingguang Ren
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, PR China; Institute of State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, PR China
| | - Yuping Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China
| | - Wenhui Song
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China; Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, PR China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China
| | - Weiying Lin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China; Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fan F, Zhang L, Zhou X, Mu F, Shi G. A sensitive fluorescent probe for β-galactosidase activity detection and application in ovarian tumor imaging. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:170-175. [PMID: 33230516 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02269a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The development of non-invasive and sensitive optical probes for in vivo bioimaging of cancer-related enzymes is desirable for early diagnosis and effective cancer therapy. β-galactosidase (β-gal) is regarded as a key ovarian cancer biomarker, owing to its overexpression in primary ovarian cancer. Herein, we designed a sensitive near-infrared (NIR) probe (DCMCA-βgal) for the detection and real-time imaging of β-gal activity in ovarian tumors, thereby achieving the visualization of ovarian tumors by β-gal activity detection. DCMCA-β-gal could be triggered by β-gal, resulting in the release of a NIR chromophore, DCM-NH2; the linear range of fluorescent response to β-gal concentration was 0-1.2 U with a low detection limit of 1.26 × 10-3 U mL-1. We used DCMCA-β-gal to detect and visualize β-gal activity in SKOV3 human ovarian cancer cells, as well as for real-time imaging of β-gal activity in ovarian cancer mouse models. DCMCA-β-gal possessed high sensitivity, "turn-on" NIR emission, a large spectral shift, and high photostability in a dynamic living system and thus could serve as a highly sensitive sensor for real-time tracking of β-gal activity in vivo and ovarian tumor imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Fan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yip SH, Campos P, Liu X, Porteous R, Herbison AE. Innervation of GnRH Neuron Distal Projections and Activation by Kisspeptin in a New GnRH-Cre Rat Model. Endocrinology 2021; 162:bqaa186. [PMID: 33057587 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The neural mechanisms generating pulsatile GnRH release from the median eminence (ME) remain unclear. Studies undertaken in the mouse demonstrate that GnRH neurons extend projections to the ME that have properties of both dendrites and axons, termed "dendrons," and that the kisspeptin neuron pulse generator targets these distal dendrons to drive pulsatile GnRH secretion. It presently remains unknown whether the GnRH neuron dendron exists in other species. We report here the generation of a knock-in Gnrh1-Ires-Cre rat line with near-perfect targeting of Cre recombinase to the GnRH neuronal phenotype. More than 90% of adult male and female GnRH neurons express Cre with no ectopic expression. Adeno-associated viruses were used in adult female Gnrh1-Ires-Cre rats to target mCherry or GCAMP6 to rostral preoptic area GnRH neurons. The mCherry tracer revealed the known unipolar and bipolar morphology of GnRH neurons and their principal projection pathways to the external zone of the ME. Synaptophysin-labeling of presynaptic nerve terminals revealed that GnRH neuron distal projections received numerous close appositions as they passed through the arcuate nucleus and into the median eminence. Confocal GCaMP6 imaging in acute horizontal brain slices demonstrated that GnRH neuron distal projections lateral to the median eminence were activated by kisspeptin. These studies indicate the presence of a dendron-like arrangement in the rat with GnRH neuron distal projections receiving synaptic input and responding to kisspeptin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siew Hoong Yip
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Pauline Campos
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Xinhuai Liu
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Robert Porteous
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Allan E Herbison
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
G. Keller S, Kamiya M, Urano Y. Recent Progress in Small Spirocyclic, Xanthene-Based Fluorescent Probes. Molecules 2020; 25:E5964. [PMID: 33339370 PMCID: PMC7766215 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of fluorescent probes in a multitude of applications is still an expanding field. This review covers the recent progress made in small molecular, spirocyclic xanthene-based probes containing different heteroatoms (e.g., oxygen, silicon, carbon) in position 10'. After a short introduction, we will focus on applications like the interaction of probes with enzymes and targeted labeling of organelles and proteins, detection of small molecules, as well as their use in therapeutics or diagnostics and super-resolution microscopy. Furthermore, the last part will summarize recent advances in the synthesis and understanding of their structure-behavior relationship including novel computational approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sascha G. Keller
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; (S.G.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Mako Kamiya
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; (S.G.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Yasuteru Urano
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; (S.G.K.); (M.K.)
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mett A, Karbat I, Tsoory M, Fine S, Iwanir S, Reuveny E. Reduced activity of GIRK1-containing heterotetramers is sufficient to affect neuronal functions, including synaptic plasticity and spatial learning and memory. J Physiol 2020; 599:521-545. [PMID: 33124684 DOI: 10.1113/jp280434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS G-protein inwardly rectifying K+ (GIRK) channels consist of four homologous subunits (GIRK1-4) and are essential regulators of electrical excitability in the nervous system. GIRK2-null mice have been widely investigated for their distinct behaviour and altered depotentiation following long-term potentiation (LTP), whereas GIRK1 mice are less well characterized. Here we utilize a novel knockin mouse strain in which the GIRK1 subunit is fluorescently tagged with yellow fluorescent protein (YFP-GIRK1) and the GIRK1-null mouse line to investigate the role of GIRK1 in neuronal processes such as spatial learning and memory, locomotion and depotentiation following LTP. Neurons dissected from YFP-GIRK1 mice had significantly reduced potassium currents and this mouse line phenotypically resembled GIRK1-null mice, making it a 'functional knockdown' model of GIRK1-containing channels. YFP-GIRK1 and GIRK1-null mice had increased locomotion, reduced spatial learning and memory and blunted depotentiation following LTP. ABSTRACT GIRK channels are essential for the slow inhibition of electrical activity in the nervous system and heart rate regulation via the parasympathetic system. The implications of individual GIRK isoforms in specific physiological activities are based primarily on studies conducted with GIRK-null mouse lines. Here we utilize a novel knockin mouse line in which YFP was fused in-frame to the N-terminus of GIRK1 (YFP-GIRK1) to correlate GIRK1 spatial distribution with physiological activities. These mice, however, displayed spontaneous seizure-like activity and thus were investigated for the origin of such activity. We show that GIRK tetramers containing YFP-GIRK1 are correctly assembled and trafficked to the plasma membrane, but are functionally impaired. A battery of behavioural assays conducted on YFP-GIRK1 and GIRK1-null (GIRK1-/- ) mice revealed similar phenotypes, including impaired nociception, reduced anxiety and hyperactivity in an unfamiliar environment. However, YFP-GIRK1 mice exhibited increased home-cage locomotion while GIRK1-/- mice did not. In addition, we show that the GIRK1 subunit is essential for intact spatial learning and memory and synaptic plasticity in hippocampal brain slices. This study expands our knowledge regarding the role of GIRK1 in neuronal processes and underlines the importance of GIRK1-containing heterotetramers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Mett
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Izhar Karbat
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michael Tsoory
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shachar Fine
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shachar Iwanir
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eitan Reuveny
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
The scientific community has searched for years for ways of examining neuronal tissue to track neural activity with reliable anatomical markers for stimulated neuronal activity. Existing studies that focused on hypothalamic systems offer a few options but do not always compare approaches or validate them for dependence on cell firing, leaving the reader uncertain of the benefits and limitations of each method. Thus, in this article, potential markers will be presented and, where possible, placed into perspective in terms of when and how these methods pertain to hypothalamic function. An example of each approach is included. In reviewing the approaches, one is guided through how neurons work, the consequences of their stimulation, and then the potential markers that could be applied to hypothalamic systems are discussed. Approaches will use features of neuronal glucose utilization, water/oxygen movement, changes in neuron-glial interactions, receptor translocation, cytoskeletal changes, stimulus-synthesis coupling that includes expression of the heteronuclear or mature mRNA for transmitters or the enzymes that make them, and changes in transcription factors (immediate early gene products, precursor buildup, use of promoter-driven surrogate proteins, and induced expression of added transmitters. This article includes discussion of methodological limitations and the power of combining approaches to understand neuronal function. © 2020 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 10:549-575, 2020.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gloria E Hoffman
- Department of Biology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jiang J, Tan Q, Zhao S, Song H, Hu L, Xie H. Late-stage difluoromethylation leading to a self-immobilizing fluorogenic probe for the visualization of enzyme activities in live cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:15000-15003. [PMID: 31777880 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07903c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Reported herein is a novel p-quinone methide-based self-immobilizing fluorogenic probe for the visualization of β-galactosidase activities in live cells. This easily prepared imaging reagent massively increases the fluorescence intensity and covalently links to the activation site with high efficiency upon enzymatic trigger.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kong X, Li M, Dong B, Yin Y, Song W, Lin W. An Ultrasensitivity Fluorescent Probe Based on the ICT-FRET Dual Mechanisms for Imaging β-Galactosidase in Vitro and ex Vivo. Anal Chem 2019; 91:15591-15598. [PMID: 31726828 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Emergence of fluorescence imaging with real-time and in situ manners has revolutionized the fields of tracing and defining enzymes in biological systems. β-galactosidase is a kind of enzyme that plays vital roles in controlling multitudes of cellular functions and participating in disease pathogenesis. Thus, building fluorescent probes with high sensitivity and fidelity for visualizing β-galactosidase in biological systems is very significative. Herein, we engineered the first ultrsensitivity ratiometric fluorescent probe CG based on ICT-FRET synergetic mechanisms for detecting β-galactosidase. The spectrum data show that probe CG has a fast response (<20 s), as well as a very low detection limit to β-galactosidase (0.081 U/mL). Moreover, by calculation of a serious of kinetic parameters including Km (1.42 μM), kcat (7.04 s-1), and kcat/Km (4.96 μM-1 s-1), CG demonstrates high affinity and high catalytic efficiency to β-galactosidase. Because of its excellent water solubility, CG has well biocompatibility to visualize the β-galactosidase in living cells. Furthermore, for imaging in bioapplications, CG is capable of detecting β-galactosidase not only in overexpressed cell lines but also in transient expressed cell lines. Significantly, CG can monitor β-galactosidase ex vivo selectively. We hope ongoing work to employ CG can be as an ultrasensitive powerful tool for further seeking the physiological and pathological functions in biological organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqi Kong
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Jinan , Jinan , Shandong 250022 , People's Republic of China
| | - Min Li
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Jinan , Jinan , Shandong 250022 , People's Republic of China
| | - Baoli Dong
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Jinan , Jinan , Shandong 250022 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yaguang Yin
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Jinan , Jinan , Shandong 250022 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Song
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Jinan , Jinan , Shandong 250022 , People's Republic of China
| | - Weiying Lin
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Jinan , Jinan , Shandong 250022 , People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Fluorescent sensing has emerged as a powerful tool for detecting various analytes and visualizing numerous biological processes by virtue of its superb sensitivity, rapidness, excellent temporal resolution, easy operation, and low cost. Of particular interest is activity-based sensing (ABS), a burgeoning sensing approach that is actualized on the basis of dynamic molecular reactivity rather than conventional lock-and-key molecular recognition. ABS has been recognized to possess some distinct advantages, such as high specificity, extraordinary sensitivity, and accurate signal outputs. A majority of ABS sensors are constructed by modifying conventional fluorogens, which are strongly emissive when molecularly dissolved in solvents but experience emission quenching upon aggregate formation or concentration increase. The aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) phenomenon leads to a limited amount of labeling of the analyte with the sensor and low photobleaching resistance, which could impede practical applications of the ABS protocol. As an anti-ACQ phenomenon, aggregation-induced emission (AIE) provides a straightforward solution to the ACQ problem. Thanks to their intrinsic advantages, including high photobleaching threshold, high signal-to-noise ratio, fluorescence turn-on nature, and large Stokes shift, AIE-active luminogens (AIEgens) represent a class of extraordinary fluorogen alternatives for the ABS protocol. The use of AIEgen-involved ABS can integrate the advantages of AIEgens and ABS, and additionally, the AIE process offers some unique properties to the ABS approach. For instance, in some cases of water-soluble AIEgen-involved ABS, chemical reaction not only leads to a chang in the emission color of the AIEgens but also causes solubility variations, which could result in specific "light-up" signaling. In this Account, the basic concepts and mechanistic insights of the ABS approach involving the AIE principle are briefly summarized, and then we highlight the new breakthroughs, seminal studies, and trends in the area that have been most recently reported by our group. This emerging sensing protocol has been successfully utilized for detecting an array of targets including ions, small molecules, biomacromolecules, and microenvironments, all of which closely relate to human health, medical, and public concerns. These detections are smoothly achieved on the basis of various reactions (e.g., hydrolysis, boronate cleavage, dephosphorylation, addition, cyclization, and rearrangement reactions) through different sensing principles. In these studies, the AIEgen-involved ABS strategy generally shows good biocompatibility, high selectivity, excellent reliability and high signal contrast, strongly indicating its great potential for high-tech innovations in the sensing field, among which bioprobing is of particular interest. With this Account, we hope to spark new ideas and inspire new endeavors in this emerging research area, further promoting state-of-the-art developments in the field of sensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Division of Biomedical Engineering and Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang J, Cheng P, Pu K. Recent Advances of Molecular Optical Probes in Imaging of β-Galactosidase. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:2089-2101. [PMID: 31269795 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
β-Galactosidase (β-Gal), as a lysosomal hydrolytic enzyme, plays an important physiological role in catalyzing the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds which convert lactose into galactose. Moreover, upregulation of β-Gal is often correlated with the occurrence of primary ovarian cancers and cell senescence. Thereby, detection of β-Gal activity is relevant to cancer diagnosis. Optical imaging possesses high spatial and temporal resolution, high sensitivity, and real-time imaging capability. These properties are beneficial for the detection of β-Gal in living systems. This Review summarizes the recent progress in development of molecular optical probes for near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF), bioluminescence (BL), chemiluminescence (CL), or photoacoustic (PA) imaging of β-Gal in biological systems. The challenges and opportunities in the probe design for detection of β-Gal are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Modern Separation Science Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, College of Chemistry & Materials Science , Northwest University , 710127 , Xi'an , China.,School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 70 Nanyang Drive , 637457 , Singapore
| | - Penghui Cheng
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 70 Nanyang Drive , 637457 , Singapore
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 70 Nanyang Drive , 637457 , Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Fu W, Yan C, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Guo Z, Zhu WH. Near-Infrared Aggregation-Induced Emission-Active Probe Enables in situ and Long-Term Tracking of Endogenous β-Galactosidase Activity. Front Chem 2019; 7:291. [PMID: 31139612 PMCID: PMC6527754 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
High-fidelity tracking of specific enzyme activities is critical for the early diagnosis of diseases such as cancers. However, most of the available fluorescent probes are difficult to obtain in situ information because of tending to facile diffusion or inevitably suffering from aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effect. In this work, we developed an elaborated near-infrared (NIR) aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-active fluorescent probe, which is composed of a hydrophobic 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl) benzothiazole (HBT) moiety for extending into the NIR wavelength, and a hydrophilic β-galactosidase (β-gal) triggered unit for improving miscibility and guaranteeing its non-emission in aqueous media. This probe is virtually activated by β-gal, and then specific enzymatic turnover would liberate hydrophobic AIE luminogen (AIEgen) QM-HBT-OH. Simultaneously, brightness NIR fluorescent nanoaggregates are in situ generated as a result of the AIE-active process, making on-site the detection of endogenous β-gal activity in living cells. By virtue of the NIR AIE-active performance of enzyme-catalyzed nanoaggregates, QM-HBT-βgal is capable of affording a localizable fluorescence signal and long-term tracking of endogenous β-gal activity. All results demonstrate that the probe QM-HBT-βgal has potential to be a powerful molecular tool to evaluate the biological activity of β-gal, attaining high-fidelity information in preclinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zhiqian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chen M, Mu L, Cao X, She G, Shi W. A Novel Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe for Highly Sensitive and Selective Detection of β‐Galactosidase in Living Cells. CHINESE J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201800539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic MaterialsTechnical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Lixuan Mu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic MaterialsTechnical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Xingxing Cao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic MaterialsTechnical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Guangwei She
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic MaterialsTechnical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Wensheng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic MaterialsTechnical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ieda N, Oka Y, Yoshihara T, Tobita S, Sasamori T, Kawaguchi M, Nakagawa H. Structure-efficiency relationship of photoinduced electron transfer-triggered nitric oxide releasers. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1430. [PMID: 30723285 PMCID: PMC6363743 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38252-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Spatiotemporally controllable nitric oxide (NO) releasers are required for biological studies and as candidate therapeutic agents. Here, we investigate the structure-efficiency relationship of a series of photoinduced electron transfer-triggered NO releasers based on our reported yellowish-green light-controllable NO releaser, NO-Rosa. The distance between the NO-releasing N-nitrosoaminophenol moiety and the rosamine antenna moiety was critical for efficient NO release. Notably, substitution at the phenolic hydroxyl group blocked NO release. We synthesized NO-Rosa-Gal bearing D-galactose (Gal) at this location, and showed that hydrolysis by β-galactosidase restored the photoresponse. This represents proof-of-concept of a strategy for highly specific control of NO release by using a double-lock system involving both enzymatic reactivation and photo-control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Ieda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1, Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Yumina Oka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1, Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Toshitada Yoshihara
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1, Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan
| | - Seiji Tobita
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1, Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sasamori
- Graduate School of Natural Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1, Yamanohata, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8501, Japan
| | - Mitsuyasu Kawaguchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1, Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Nakagawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1, Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ito H, Kawamata Y, Kamiya M, Tsuda‐Sakurai K, Tanaka S, Ueno T, Komatsu T, Hanaoka K, Okabe S, Miura M, Urano Y. Red‐Shifted Fluorogenic Substrate for Detection of
lac
Z‐Positive Cells in Living Tissue with Single‐Cell Resolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:15702-15706. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201808670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ito
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Yu Kawamata
- Graduate School of Sciences Kyoto University Sakyo Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
- Present Addresses: Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute USA
| | - Mako Kamiya
- Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- PRESTO (Japan) Science and Technology Agency 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan
| | - Kayoko Tsuda‐Sakurai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Shinji Tanaka
- Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Tasuku Ueno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Toru Komatsu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Kenjiro Hanaoka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Shigeo Okabe
- Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Masayuki Miura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Yasuteru Urano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- CREST (Japan) Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 100-0004 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ito H, Kawamata Y, Kamiya M, Tsuda‐Sakurai K, Tanaka S, Ueno T, Komatsu T, Hanaoka K, Okabe S, Miura M, Urano Y. Red‐Shifted Fluorogenic Substrate for Detection of
lac
Z‐Positive Cells in Living Tissue with Single‐Cell Resolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201808670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ito
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Yu Kawamata
- Graduate School of Sciences Kyoto University Sakyo Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
- Present Addresses: Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute USA
| | - Mako Kamiya
- Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- PRESTO (Japan) Science and Technology Agency 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan
| | - Kayoko Tsuda‐Sakurai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Shinji Tanaka
- Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Tasuku Ueno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Toru Komatsu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Kenjiro Hanaoka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Shigeo Okabe
- Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Masayuki Miura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Yasuteru Urano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- CREST (Japan) Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 100-0004 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Novel fluorescent probe for rapid and ratiometric detection of β-galactosidase and live cell imaging. Talanta 2018; 192:308-313. [PMID: 30348394 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
β-Galactosidase (β-gal) is an important biomarker for primary ovarian cancers and cell senescence; however, a fast response fluorescent probe for ratiometric monitoring is still rare. A novel, ratiometric water-soluble fluorescent probe (FLM) for β-gal was developed. The emission ratio F550/F450 reached the maxima at about 5 min and can be used for real-time detection of β-gal; the ratio gained an ultimate enhancement of about 260-fold. The ratio (F550/F450) displayed brilliant β-gal-dependent performance and responded linearly with β-gal activity. The probe showed wonderful biocompatibility and was successfully used for the bioimaging of endogenous β-gal in the human ovarian cancer cell line OVCAR-3.
Collapse
|
24
|
Chen X, Ma X, Zhang Y, Gao G, Liu J, Zhang X, Wang M, Hou S. Ratiometric fluorescent probes with a self-immolative spacer for real-time detection of β-galactosidase and imaging in living cells. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1033:193-198. [PMID: 30172326 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Ratiometric fluorescent probes with a self-immolative spacer for β-galactosidase (β-gal) were developed. They function by β-gal-cleaving the β-galactoside bond of fluorescent substrates, followed by self-immolation to liberate the amino group of fluorophore. Thus, a remarkable variation in the photophysical properties was observed and the corresponding ratiometric detection of β-gal was realized. Our studies demonstrated that the GNPN exhibited high sensitivity for recognition of β-gal, with a detection limit as low as 0.17 U L-1. GNPN can rapidly quantify β-gal enzyme activity; the emission ratio F545/F475 for the GNPN reached maxima after approximately 4 min, which was one of the shortest response time ever reported. Furthermore, we demonstrated that these probes possess excellent biocompatibility and can be used to visualize the endogenous β-gal in ovarian cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhu Chen
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Gui Gao
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xueyan Zhang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Mian Wang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Shicong Hou
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gennaro M, Mattiello A, Mazziotti R, Antonelli C, Gherardini L, Guzzetta A, Berardi N, Cioni G, Pizzorusso T. Focal Stroke in the Developing Rat Motor Cortex Induces Age- and Experience-Dependent Maladaptive Plasticity of Corticospinal System. Front Neural Circuits 2017; 11:47. [PMID: 28706475 PMCID: PMC5489564 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2017.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor system development is characterized by an activity-dependent competition between ipsilateral and contralateral corticospinal tracts (CST). Clinical evidence suggests that age is crucial for developmental stroke outcome, with early lesions inducing a “maladaptive” strengthening of ipsilateral projections from the healthy hemisphere and worse motor impairment. Here, we investigated in developing rats the relation between lesion timing, motor outcome and CST remodeling pattern. We induced a focal ischemia into forelimb motor cortex (fM1) at two distinct pre-weaning ages: P14 and P21. We compared long-term motor outcome with changes in axonal sprouting of contralesional CST at red nucleus and spinal cord level using anterograde tracing. We found that P14 stroke caused a more severe long-term motor impairment than at P21, and induced a strong and aberrant contralesional CST sprouting onto denervated spinal cord and red nucleus. The mistargeted sprouting of CST, and the worse motor outcome of the P14 stroke rats were reversed by an early skilled motor training, underscoring the potential of early activity-dependent plasticity in modulating lesion outcome. Thus, changes in the mechanisms controlling CST plasticity occurring during the third postnatal week are associated with age-dependent regulation of the motor outcome after stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Gennaro
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA, University of FlorenceFlorence, Italy.,Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR)Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mattiello
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA, University of FlorenceFlorence, Italy.,Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR)Pisa, Italy
| | - Raffaele Mazziotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA, University of FlorenceFlorence, Italy.,Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR)Pisa, Italy
| | - Camilla Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of PisaPisa, Italy.,Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Scientific InstitutePisa, Italy
| | - Lisa Gherardini
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR)Pisa, Italy.,Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR)Siena, Italy
| | - Andrea Guzzetta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of PisaPisa, Italy.,Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Scientific InstitutePisa, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Berardi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA, University of FlorenceFlorence, Italy.,Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR)Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cioni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of PisaPisa, Italy.,Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Scientific InstitutePisa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Pizzorusso
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA, University of FlorenceFlorence, Italy.,Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR)Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hough LH, Brown ME. Labeling of neuronal morphology using custom diolistic techniques. J Neurosci Methods 2017; 282:43-51. [PMID: 28274738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diolistic labeling is increasingly utilized in neuroscience as an efficient, reproducible method for visualization of neuronal morphology. The use of lipophilic carbocyanine dyes, combined with particle-mediated biolistic delivery allows for non-toxic fluorescent labeling of multiple neurons in both living and fixed tissue. Since first described, this labeling method has been modified to fit a variety of research goals and laboratory settings. NEW METHOD Diolistic labeling has traditionally relied on commercially available devices for the propulsion of coated micro-particles into tissue sections. Recently, laboratory built biolistic devices have been developed which allow for increased availability and customization. Here, we discuss a custom biolistic device and provide a detailed protocol for its use. RESULTS Using custom diolistic labeling we have characterized alterations in neuronal morphology of the lateral/dentate nucleus of the rat cerebellum. Comparisons were made in developing rat pups exposed to abnormally high levels of 5-methyloxytryptamine (5-MT) pre-and postnatally. Using quantitative software; dendritic morphology, architecture, and synaptic connections, were analyzed. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S) The rapid nature of custom diolistics coupled with passive diffusion of dyes and compatibility with confocal microscopy, provides an unparalleled opportunity to examine features of neuronal cells at high spatial resolution in a three-dimensional tissue environment. CONCLUSIONS While decreasing the associated costs, the laboratory-built device also overcomes many of the obstacles associated with traditional morphological labeling, to allow for reliable and reproducible neuronal labeling. The versatility of this method allows for its adaptation to a variety of laboratory settings and neuroscience related research goals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lyon H Hough
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO 65897, USA.
| | - Michael E Brown
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jiang G, Zeng G, Zhu W, Li Y, Dong X, Zhang G, Fan X, Wang J, Wu Y, Tang BZ. A selective and light-up fluorescent probe for β-galactosidase activity detection and imaging in living cells based on an AIE tetraphenylethylene derivative. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:4505-4508. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc00249a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An AIE based tetraphenylethylene derivative (TPE-Gal) was designed for light-up fluorescence detection and imaging of β-galactosidase activity in living cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoyu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou 341000
- P. R. China
| | - Guanjie Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou 341000
- P. R. China
| | - Wenping Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou 341000
- P. R. China
| | - Yongdong Li
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou 341000
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaobiao Dong
- Organic Solids Laboratory
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Organic Solids Laboratory
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou 341000
- P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou 341000
- P. R. China
| | - Yongquan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou 341000
- P. R. China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute for Advanced Study
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials
- and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience
- The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wegener M, Vogtmann K, Huber M, Laass S, Soppa J. The glpD gene is a novel reporter gene for E. coli that is superior to established reporter genes like lacZ and gusA. J Microbiol Methods 2016; 131:181-187. [PMID: 27794441 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Reporter genes facilitate the characterization of promoter activities, transcript stabilities, translational efficiencies, or intracellular localization. Various reporter genes for Escherichia coli have been established, however, most of them have drawbacks like transcript instability or the inability to be used in genetic selections. Therefore, the glpD gene encoding glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was introduced as a novel reporter gene for E. coli. The enzymatic assay was optimized, and it was verified that growth on glycerol strictly depends on the presence of GlpD. The 5'-UTRs of three E. coli genes were chosen and cloned upstream of the new reporter gene glpD as well as the established reporter genes lacZ and gusA. Protein and transcript levels were quantified and translational efficiencies were calculated. The lacZ transcript was very unstable and its level highly depended on its translation, compromising its use as a reporter. The results obtained with gusA and glpD were similar, however, only glpD can be used for genetic selections. Therefore, glpD was found to be a superior novel reporter gene compared to the established reporter genes lacZ and gusA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marius Wegener
- Goethe-University, Biocentre, Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Kristina Vogtmann
- Goethe-University, Biocentre, Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Madeleine Huber
- Goethe-University, Biocentre, Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Laass
- Goethe-University, Biocentre, Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Jörg Soppa
- Goethe-University, Biocentre, Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Doura T, Kamiya M, Obata F, Yamaguchi Y, Hiyama TY, Matsuda T, Fukamizu A, Noda M, Miura M, Urano Y. Detection of LacZ-Positive Cells in Living Tissue with Single-Cell Resolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:9620-4. [PMID: 27400827 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201603328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The LacZ gene, which encodes Escherichia coli β-galactosidase, is widely used as a marker for cells with targeted gene expression or disruption. However, it has been difficult to detect lacZ-positive cells in living organisms or tissues at single-cell resolution, limiting the utility of existing lacZ reporters. Herein we present a newly developed fluorogenic β-galactosidase substrate suitable for labeling live cells in culture, as well as in living tissues. This precisely functionalized fluorescent probe exhibited dramatic activation of fluorescence upon reaction with the enzyme, remained inside cells by anchoring itself to intracellular proteins, and provided single-cell resolution. Neurons labeled with this probe preserved spontaneous firing, which was enhanced by application of ligands of receptors expressed in the cells, suggesting that this probe would be applicable to investigate functions of targeted cells in living tissues and organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Doura
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mako Kamiya
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan. .,PRESTO, Japan, Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
| | - Fumiaki Obata
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan, Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Takeshi Y Hiyama
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.,School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsuda
- School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Fukamizu
- Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.,Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Masaharu Noda
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.,School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Masayuki Miura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,CREST, Japan, Agency for Medical Research and Development, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Urano
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan. .,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan. .,CREST, Japan, Agency for Medical Research and Development, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Doura T, Kamiya M, Obata F, Yamaguchi Y, Hiyama TY, Matsuda T, Fukamizu A, Noda M, Miura M, Urano Y. Detection ofLacZ-Positive Cells in Living Tissue with Single-Cell Resolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201603328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Doura
- Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1, Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Mako Kamiya
- Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1, Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- PRESTO, Japan, Science and Technology Agency; 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan
| | - Fumiaki Obata
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- PRESTO, Japan, Science and Technology Agency; 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan
| | - Takeshi Y. Hiyama
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology; National Institute for Basic Biology; 5-1 Higashiyama Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki Aichi 444-8787 Japan
- School of Life Science; The Graduate University for Advanced Studies; 5-1 Higashiyama Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki Aichi 444-8787 Japan
| | - Takashi Matsuda
- School of Life Science; The Graduate University for Advanced Studies; 5-1 Higashiyama Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki Aichi 444-8787 Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Fukamizu
- Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance; Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8577 Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences; University of Tsukuba; Tsukuba Ibaraki, 305-8577 Japan
| | - Masaharu Noda
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology; National Institute for Basic Biology; 5-1 Higashiyama Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki Aichi 444-8787 Japan
- School of Life Science; The Graduate University for Advanced Studies; 5-1 Higashiyama Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki Aichi 444-8787 Japan
| | - Masayuki Miura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- CREST, Japan, Agency for Medical Research and Development; 1-7-1 Otemachi Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 100-0004 Japan
| | - Yasuteru Urano
- Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1, Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- CREST, Japan, Agency for Medical Research and Development; 1-7-1 Otemachi Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 100-0004 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gu K, Xu Y, Li H, Guo Z, Zhu S, Zhu S, Shi P, James TD, Tian H, Zhu WH. Real-Time Tracking and In Vivo Visualization of β-Galactosidase Activity in Colorectal Tumor with a Ratiometric Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probe. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:5334-40. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b01705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hui Li
- Department
of Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Tony D. James
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Jenkins R, Burdette MK, Foulger SH. Mini-review: fluorescence imaging in cancer cells using dye-doped nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra10473h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence imaging has gained increased attention over the past two decades as a viable means to detect a variety of cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ragini Jenkins
- Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering
- Clemson University
- Clemson
- USA
| | - Mary K. Burdette
- Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering
- Clemson University
- Clemson
- USA
| | - Stephen H. Foulger
- Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering
- Clemson University
- Clemson
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hirabayashi K, Hanaoka K, Takayanagi T, Toki Y, Egawa T, Kamiya M, Komatsu T, Ueno T, Terai T, Yoshida K, Uchiyama M, Nagano T, Urano Y. Analysis of chemical equilibrium of silicon-substituted fluorescein and its application to develop a scaffold for red fluorescent probes. Anal Chem 2015; 87:9061-9. [PMID: 26237524 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescein is a representative green fluorophore that has been widely used as a scaffold of practically useful green fluorescent probes. Here, we report synthesis and characterization of a silicon-substituted fluorescein, i.e., 2-COOH TokyoMagenta (2-COOH TM), which is a fluorescein analogue in which the O atom at the 10' position of the xanthene moiety of fluorescein is replaced with a Si atom. This fluorescein analogue forms a spirolactone ring via intramolecular nucleophilic attack of the carboxylic group in a pH-dependent manner. Consequently, 2-COOH TM exhibits characteristic large pH-dependent absorption and fluorescence spectral changes: (1) 2-COOH TM is colorless at acidic pH, whereas fluorescein retains observable absorption and fluorescence even at acidic pH, and the absorption maximum is also shifted; (2) the absorption spectral change occurs above pH 7.0 for 2-COOH TM and below pH 7.0 for fluorescein; (3) 2-COOH TM shows a much sharper pH response than fluorescein because of its pKa inversion, i.e., pKa1 > pKa2. These features are also different from those of a compound without the carboxylic group, 2-Me TokyoMagenta (2-Me TM). Analysis of the chemical equilibrium between pH 3.0 and 11.0 disclosed that 2-COOH TM favors the colorless and nonfluorescent lactone form, compared with fluorescein. Substitution of Cl atoms at the 4' and 5' positions of the xanthene moiety of 2-COOH TM to obtain 2-COOH DCTM shifted the equilibrium so that the new derivative exists predominantly in the strongly fluorescent open form at physiological pH (pH 7.4). To demonstrate the practical utility of 2-COOH DCTM as a novel scaffold for red fluorescent probes, we employed it to develop a probe for β-galactosidase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Toshio Takayanagi
- Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, The University of Tokushima , 2-1 Minami-josanjima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kengo Yoshida
- Elements Chemistry Laboratory, and Advanced Elements Chemistry Research Team, Riken Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Elements Chemistry Laboratory, and Advanced Elements Chemistry Research Team, Riken Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Nagano
- Drug Discovery Initiative, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Pershagen E, Borbas KE. Multiplex Detection of Enzymatic Activity with Responsive Lanthanide-Based Luminescent Probes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201408560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
35
|
Pershagen E, Borbas KE. Multiplex detection of enzymatic activity with responsive lanthanide-based luminescent probes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:1787-90. [PMID: 25504579 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201408560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Multiplex analyte detection in complex dynamic systems is desirable for the investigation of cellular communication networks as well as in medical diagnostics. A family of lanthanide-based responsive luminescent probes for multiplex detection is reported. The high modularity of the probe design enabled the rapid assembly of both green and red emitters for a large variety of analytes by the simple exchange of the lanthanide or an analyte-cleavable caging group, respectively. The real-time three-color detection of up to three analytes was demonstrated, thus setting the stage for the non-invasive investigation of interconnected biological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elias Pershagen
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, Uppsala, 75123 (Sweden)
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ichikawa Y, Kamiya M, Obata F, Miura M, Terai T, Komatsu T, Ueno T, Hanaoka K, Nagano T, Urano Y. Selective Ablation of β-Galactosidase-Expressing Cells with a Rationally Designed Activatable Photosensitizer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201403221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
37
|
Ichikawa Y, Kamiya M, Obata F, Miura M, Terai T, Komatsu T, Ueno T, Hanaoka K, Nagano T, Urano Y. Selective Ablation of β-Galactosidase-Expressing Cells with a Rationally Designed Activatable Photosensitizer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:6772-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201403221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
38
|
Alves JN, Muir EM, Andrews MR, Ward A, Michelmore N, Dasgupta D, Verhaagen J, Moloney EB, Keynes RJ, Fawcett JW, Rogers JH. AAV vector-mediated secretion of chondroitinase provides a sensitive tracer for axonal arborisations. J Neurosci Methods 2014; 227:107-20. [PMID: 24583077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
As part of a project to express chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) in neurons of the central nervous system, we have inserted a modified ChABC gene into an adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector and injected it into the vibrissal motor cortex in adult rats to determine the extent and distribution of expression of the enzyme. A similar vector for expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) was injected into the same location. For each vector, two versions with minor differences were used, giving similar results. After 4 weeks, the brains were stained to show GFP and products of chondroitinase digestion. Chondroitinase was widely expressed, and the AAV-ChABC and AAV-GFP vectors gave similar expression patterns in many respects, consistent with the known projections from the directly transduced neurons in vibrissal motor cortex and adjacent cingulate cortex. In addition, diffusion of vector to deeper neuronal populations led to labelling of remote projection fields which was much more extensive with AAV-ChABC than with AAV-GFP. The most notable of these populations are inferred to be neurons of cortical layer 6, projecting widely in the thalamus, and neurons of the anterior pole of the hippocampus, projecting through most of the hippocampus. We conclude that, whereas GFP does not label the thinnest axonal branches of some neuronal types, chondroitinase is efficiently secreted from these arborisations and enables their extent to be sensitively visualised. After 12 weeks, chondroitinase expression was undiminished.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João Nuno Alves
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK; Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Elizabeth M Muir
- Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Melissa R Andrews
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Anneliese Ward
- Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Nicholas Michelmore
- Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Debayan Dasgupta
- Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Joost Verhaagen
- Laboratory for Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, 1105BA Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth B Moloney
- Laboratory for Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, 1105BA Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Roger J Keynes
- Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - James W Fawcett
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - John H Rogers
- Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Han J, Han MS, Tung CH. A fluorogenic probe for β-galactosidase activity imaging in living cells. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2013; 9:3001-8. [PMID: 24056749 PMCID: PMC3836597 DOI: 10.1039/c3mb70269c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A cell permeable fluorescence turn-on probe, AcGQCy7, was developed to image β-galactosidase activity in living cells. Once internalized by β-galactosidase-expressing cells, the probe was hydrolyzed into a highly fluorescent molecule, and the fluorescent signal was retained in mitochondria for several days. This resulted in a long-lasting and strong β-galactosidase-dependent intracellular fluorescent signal with little background fluorescence in the culture media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Han
- Department of Translational Imaging, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Myung Shin Han
- Department of Translational Imaging, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Ching-Hsuan Tung
- Department of Translational Imaging, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX, 77030
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Llano DA, Slater BJ, Lesicko AMH, Stebbings KA. An auditory colliculothalamocortical brain slice preparation in mouse. J Neurophysiol 2013; 111:197-207. [PMID: 24108796 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00605.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Key questions about the thalamus are still unanswered in part because of the inability to stimulate its inputs while monitoring cortical output. To address this, we employed flavoprotein autofluorescence optical imaging to expedite the process of developing a brain slice in mouse with connectivity among the auditory midbrain, thalamus, thalamic reticular nucleus, and cortex. Optical, electrophysiological, anatomic, and pharmacological tools revealed ascending connectivity from midbrain to thalamus and thalamus to cortex as well as descending connectivity from cortex to thalamus and midbrain and from thalamus to midbrain. The slices were relatively thick (600-700 μm), but, based on typical measures of cell health (resting membrane potential, spike height, and input resistance) and use of 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, the slices were as viable as thinner slices. As expected, after electrical stimulation of the midbrain, the latency of synaptic responses gradually increased from thalamus to cortex, and spiking responses were seen in thalamic neurons. Therefore, for the first time, it will be possible to manipulate and record simultaneously the activity of most of the key brain structures that are synaptically connected to the thalamus. The details for the construction of such slices are described herein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Llano
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Hyrc KL, Minta A, Escamilla PR, Chan PPL, Meshik XA, Goldberg MP. Synthesis and properties of Asante Calcium Red--a novel family of long excitation wavelength calcium indicators. Cell Calcium 2013; 54:320-33. [PMID: 24017967 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Although many synthetic calcium indicators are available, a search for compounds with improved characteristics continues. Here, we describe the synthesis and properties of Asante Calcium Red-1 (ACR-1) and its low affinity derivative (ACR-1-LA) created by linking BAPTA to seminaphthofluorescein. The indicators combine a visible light (450-540 nm) excitation with deep-red fluorescence (640 nm). Upon Ca2+ binding, the indicators raise their fluorescence with longer excitation wavelengths producing higher responses. Although the changes occur without any spectral shifts, it is possible to ratio Ca(2+)-dependent (640 nm) and quasi-independent (530 nm) emission when using visible (< 490 nm) or multiphoton (∼780 nm) excitation. Therefore, both probes can be used as single wavelength or, less dynamic, ratiometric indicators. Long indicator emission might allow easy [Ca2+]i measurement in GFP expressing cells. The indicators bind Ca2+ with either high (Kd = 0.49 ± 0.07 μM; ACR-1) or low affinity (Kd = 6.65 ± 0.13 μM; ACR-1-LA). Chelating Zn2+ (Kd = 0.38 ± 0.02 nM) or Mg2+ (Kd∼5mM) slightly raises and binding Co2+ quenches dye fluorescence. New indicators are somewhat pH-sensitive (pKa = 6.31 ± 0.07), but fairly resistant to bleaching. The probes are rather dim, which combined with low AM ester loading efficiency, might complicate in situ imaging. Despite potential drawbacks, ACR-1 and ACR-1-LA are promising new calcium indicators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof L Hyrc
- The Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Alafi Neuroimaging Laboratory, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Matsuda KI, Yanagisawa M, Sano K, Ochiai I, Musatov S, Okoshi K, Tsukahara S, Ogawa S, Kawata M. Visualisation and characterisation of oestrogen receptor α-positive neurons expressing green fluorescent protein under the control of the oestrogen receptor α promoter. Eur J Neurosci 2013; 38:2242-9. [PMID: 23601009 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oestrogen receptor (ER)α plays important roles in the development and function of various neuronal systems through activation by its ligands, oestrogens. To visualise ERα-positive neurons, we generated transgenic (tg) mice expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of the ERα promoter. In three independent tg lines, GFP-positive neurons were observed in areas previously reported to express ERα mRNA, including the lateral septum, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, medial preoptic nucleus (MPO), hypothalamus, and amygdala. In these areas, GFP signals mostly overlapped with ERα immunoreactivity. GFP fluorescence was seen in neurites and cell bodies of neurons. In addition, the network and detailed structure of neurites were visible in dissociated and slice cultures of hypothalamic neurons. We examined the effect of oestrogen deprivation by ovariectomy on the structure of the GFP-positive neurons. The area of ERα-positive cell bodies in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and MPO was measured by capturing the GFP signal and was found to be significantly smaller in ovariectomy mice than in control mice. When neurons in the MPO were infected with an adeno-associated virus that expressed small hairpin RNA targeting the ERα gene, an apparent induction of GFP was observed in this area, suggesting a negative feedback mechanism in which ERα controls expression of the ERα gene itself. Thus, the ERα promoter-GFP tg mice will be useful to analyse the development and plastic changes of the structure of ERα-expressing neurons and oestrogen and its receptor-mediated neuronal responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Ichi Matsuda
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, 465 Kawaramachi Hirokoji, Kamigyoku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Colledge WH, Doran J, Mei H. Model systems for studying kisspeptin signalling: mice and cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 784:481-503. [PMID: 23550020 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-6199-9_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Kisspeptins are a family of overlapping neuropeptides, encoded by the Kiss1 gene, that are required for activation and maintenance of the mammalian reproductive axis. Kisspeptins act within the hypothalamus to stimulate release of gonadotrophic releasing hormone and activation of the pituitary-gonadal axis. Robust model systems are required to dissect the regulatory mechanisms that control Kiss1 neuronal activity and to examine the molecular consequences of kisspeptin signalling. While studies in normal animals have been important in this, transgenic mice with targeted mutations affecting the kisspeptin signalling pathway have played a significant role in extending our understanding of kisspeptin physiology. Knock-out mice recapitulate the reproductive defects associated with mutations in humans and provide an experimentally tractable model system to interrogate regulatory feedback mechanisms. In addition, transgenic mice with cell-specific expression of modulator proteins such as the CRE recombinase or fluorescent reporter proteins such as GFP allow more sophisticated analyses such as cell or gene ablation or electrophysiological profiling. At a less complex level, immortalized cell lines have been useful for studying the role of kisspeptin in cell migration and metastasis and examining the intracellular signalling events associated with kisspeptin signalling.
Collapse
|
44
|
Sakabe M, Asanuma D, Kamiya M, Iwatate RJ, Hanaoka K, Terai T, Nagano T, Urano Y. Rational Design of Highly Sensitive Fluorescence Probes for Protease and Glycosidase Based on Precisely Controlled Spirocyclization. J Am Chem Soc 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ja309688m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yasuteru Urano
- Basic Research Program, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 3-5 Sanbancho,
Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Mori H, Borowsky AD, Bhat R, Ghajar CM, Seiki M, Bissell MJ. Laser scanning-based tissue autofluorescence/fluorescence imaging (LS-TAFI), a new technique for analysis of microanatomy in whole-mount tissues. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 180:2249-56. [PMID: 22542846 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Intact organ structure is essential in maintaining tissue specificity and cellular differentiation. Small physiological or genetic variations lead to changes in microanatomy that, if persistent, could have functional consequences and may easily be masked by the heterogeneity of tissue anatomy. Current imaging techniques rely on histological, two-dimensional sections requiring sample manipulation that are essentially two dimensional. We have developed a method for three-dimensional imaging of whole-mount, unsectioned mammalian tissues to elucidate subtle and detailed micro- and macroanatomies in adult organs and embryos. We analyzed intact or dissected organ whole mounts with laser scanning-based tissue autofluorescence/fluorescence imaging (LS-TAFI). We obtained clear visualization of microstructures within murine mammary glands and mammary tumors and other organs without the use of immunostaining and without probes or fluorescent reporter genes. Combining autofluorescence with reflected light signals from chromophore-stained tissues allowed identification of individual cells within three-dimensional structures of whole-mounted organs. This technique could be useful for rapid diagnosis of human clinical samples and possibly the effect of subtle variations such as low dose radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Mori
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Pershagen E, Nordholm J, Borbas KE. Luminescent lanthanide complexes with analyte-triggered antenna formation. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:9832-5. [PMID: 22339236 DOI: 10.1021/ja3004045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new strategy for accessing analyte-responsive luminescent probes is presented. The lanthanide luminescence of Eu and Tb centers is switched on by the analyte-triggered formation of a sensitizing antenna from a nonsensitizing caged precursor. As the cage can be freely varied, an array of probes for different analytes (Pd(0/2+), H(2)O(2), F(-), β-galactosidase) can be created from the same core structure. The probe design affords nanomolar to micromolar detection limits, provides the capability to detect two analytes in parallel, and can be utilized to monitor enzymatic activity in live cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elias Pershagen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Staffend NA, Meisel RL. DiOlistic labeling in fixed brain slices: phenotype, morphology, and dendritic spines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; Chapter 2:Unit 2.13. [PMID: 21462159 DOI: 10.1002/0471142301.ns0213s55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Identifying neuronal morphology is a key component in understanding neuronal function. Several techniques have been developed to address this issue, including Golgi staining, electroporation of fluorescent dyes, and transfection of fluorescent constructs. Ballistic delivery of transgenic constructs has been a successful means of rapidly transfecting a nonbiased population of cells within tissue or culture. Recently, this technique was modified for the ballistic delivery of dye-coated gold or tungsten particles, enabling a nonbiased, rapid fluorescent membrane labeling of individual neurons in both fixed and nonfixed tissue. This unit outlines a step-by-step protocol for the ballistic method of dye delivery ("DiOlistic" labeling) to fixed tissue, including optimal tissue fixation conditions. In addition, a protocol for coupling "DiOlistic" labeling with other immunofluorescent methods is detailed, enabling the association of neuronal morphology with a specific cellular phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy A Staffend
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Chan H, Prescott M, Ong Z, Herde MK, Herbison AE, Campbell RE. Dendritic spine plasticity in gonadatropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons activated at the time of the preovulatory surge. Endocrinology 2011; 152:4906-14. [PMID: 21933865 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-1522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
GnRH neuron activity is dependent on gonadal steroid hormone feedback. Altered synaptic input may be one mechanism by which steroids modify GnRH neuron activity. In other neuronal populations, steroid hormones have been shown to elicit profound effects on dendritic spine density, a measure of excitatory synaptic input. The present study examined gonadal steroid feedback effects on GnRH neuron spine density in female GnRH-green fluorescent protein (GFP) mice. Immunocytochemical labeling of GFP in this model reveals fine morphological details of GnRH neurons. Spine density and other features were quantified by confocal analysis. Ovariectomy resulted in a significant reduction in somatic spine density (27%, P < 0.05) compared with sham-operated diestrous females. However, dendritic spine density was unaltered. Positive feedback effects of estradiol on spine density were investigated using a protocol to mimic the GnRH/LH surge. Ten GnRH-GFP mice underwent an established protocol, receiving either estradiol benzoate (1 μg per 20 g body weight) or vehicle (n = 5/group) 32 h prior to being killed during the expected surge. Double-label immunofluorescence showed that all estradiol-treated females expressed cFos in a subpopulation of GnRH neurons. Spine density was determined by confocal analysis of activated (cFos-positive, n = 10 neurons/animal) and nonactivated (cFos-negative, n = 10 neurons/animal) GnRH neurons from estradiol-treated animals and for GnRH neurons (n = 20 neurons/animal) from nonsurged controls (all cFos negative). Activated GnRH neurons (cFos positive) showed a dramatic 60% increase in total spine density (0.78 ± 0.06 spines/μm) compared with nonactivated GnRH neurons (0.50 ± 0.01 spines/μm) in estradiol-treated animals (P < 0.001). Both somatic and dendritic spine density was significantly increased. Spine density was not different between nonactivated GnRH neurons from surged animals (0.50 ± 0.01 spines/μm) and GnRH neurons from nonsurged animals (0.51 ± 0.06 spines/μm). These data demonstrate that positive feedback levels of estradiol stimulate a robust increase in spine density specifically in those GnRH neurons that are activated at the time of the GnRH/LH surge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Chan
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Physiology, University of Otago School of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 913, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kamiya M, Asanuma D, Kuranaga E, Takeishi A, Sakabe M, Miura M, Nagano T, Urano Y. β-Galactosidase fluorescence probe with improved cellular accumulation based on a spirocyclized rhodol scaffold. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:12960-3. [PMID: 21786797 DOI: 10.1021/ja204781t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We identified a rhodol bearing a hydroxymethyl group (HMDER) as a suitable scaffold for designing fluorescence probes for various hydrolases. HMDER shows strong fluorescence at physiological pH, but phenolic O-alkylation of HMDER results in a strong preference for the spirocyclic form, which has weak fluorescence. As a proof of concept, we utilized this finding to develop a new fluorescence probe for β-galactosidase. This probe has favorable characteristics for imaging in biological samples: it has good cellular permeability, and its hydrolysis product is well-retained intracellularly. It could rapidly and clearly visualize β-galactosidase activity in cultured cells and in Drosophila melanogaster tissue, which has rarely been achieved with previously reported fluorescence probes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mako Kamiya
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Yan W, Xiao D, Yao K. Combined bioluminescence and fluorescence imaging visualizing orthotopic lung adenocarcinoma xenograft in vivo. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2011; 43:595-600. [PMID: 21742671 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmr054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma is the most common type of lung cancer. A close monitor of in vivo tumor development may help to better understand the pathogenesis and pathological processes of this disease. A bimodal imaging strategy has been developed, which is a very important tool to investigate the growth and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma. In the present study, we used a combined labeling strategy in p53RE-luc-A549 cells via transfecting the reporter gene EGFP. In order to unambiguously identify the growth and metastasis of transfected A549 tumor cells, we established and observed subcutaneous and orthotopic xenografts in nude mice by in vivo bioluminescence and fluorescence imaging, which was verified by our post-mortem histological analysis. In vivo bioluminescence signal was observed for the progression of both subcutaneous and orthotopic xenografts in EGFP-p53RE-luc-A549 cells; in vivo fluorescence was only observed for the growth of subcutaneous xenograft of EGFP-p53RE-luc-A549 cells. Moreover, EGFP-p53RE-luc-A549 cells allow for the improved identification of implanted cells within host tissue during histological analysis. In conclusion, we presented a combined labeling strategy for bimodal A549 cell imaging which leads to improved detection of cellular grafts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yan
- Cancer Institution, Southern Medical University, Guangdong 510515, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|