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Lee PY, Sitorus MA, Kuo CH, Tsai BCK, Kuo WW, Lin KH, Lu SY, Lin YM, Ho TJ, Huang CY. Platycodi radix aqueous extract salvages doxorubicin-induced senescence by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species reduction in umbilical cord matrix stem cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:3872-3882. [PMID: 38558324 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Platycodi radix is a widely used herbal medicine that contains numerous phytochemicals beneficial to health. The health and biological benefits of P. radix have been found across various diseases. The utilization of umbilical cord stromal stem cells, derived from Wharton's jelly of the human umbilical cord, has emerged as a promising approach for treating degenerative diseases. Nevertheless, growing evidence indicates that the function of stem cells declines with age, thereby limiting their regenerative capacity. The primary objective in this study is to investigate the beneficial effects of P. radix in senescent stem cells. We conducted experiments to showcase that diminished levels of Lamin B1 and Sox-2, along with an elevation in p21, which serve as indicative markers for the senescent stem cells. Our findings revealed the loss of Lamin B1 and Sox-2, coupled with an increase in p21, in umbilical cord stromal stem cells subjected to a low-dose (0.1 μM) doxorubicin (Dox) stimulation. However, P. radix restored the Dox-damage in the umbilical cord stromal stem cells. P. radix reversed the senescent conditions when the umbilical cord stromal stem cells exposed to Dox-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential are significantly changed. In Dox-challenged aged umbilical cord stromal stem cells, P. radix reduced senescence, increased longevity, prevented mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS and protected against senescence-associated apoptosis. This study suggests that P. radix might be as a therapeutic and rescue agent for the aging effect in stem cells. Inhibition of cell death, mitochondrial dysfunction and aging-associated ROS with P. radix provides additional insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ying Lee
- Holistic Education Center, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Maria Angelina Sitorus
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hua Kuo
- Department of Sports Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Bruce Chi-Kang Tsai
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program for Biotechnology Industry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ho Lin
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Yeh Lu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Min Lin
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jung Ho
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan
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2
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Culberson JW, Kopel J, Sehar U, Reddy PH. Urgent needs of caregiving in ageing populations with Alzheimer's disease and other chronic conditions: Support our loved ones. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 90:102001. [PMID: 37414157 PMCID: PMC10756323 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The ageing process begins at birth. It is a life-long process, and its exact origins are still unknown. Several hypotheses attempt to describe the normal ageing process, including hormonal imbalance, formation of reactive oxygen species, DNA methylation & DNA damage accumulation, loss of proteostasis, epigenetic alterations, mitochondrial dysfunction, senescence, inflammation, and stem cell depletion. With increased lifespan in elderly individuals, the prevalence of age-related diseases including, cancer, diabetes, obesity, hypertension, Alzheimer's, Alzheimer's disease and related dementias, Parkinson's, and other mental illnesses are increased. These increased age-related illnesses, put tremendous pressure & burden on caregivers, family members, and friends who are living with patients with age-related diseases. As medical needs evolve, the caregiver is expected to experience an increase in duties and challenges, which may result in stress on themselves, and impact their own family life. In the current article, we assess the biological mechanisms of ageing and its effect on body systems, exploring lifestyle and ageing, with a specific focus on age-related disorders. We also discussed the history of caregiving and specific challenges faced by caregivers in the presence of multiple comorbidities. We also assessed innovative approaches to funding caregiving, and efforts to improve the medical system to better organize chronic care efforts, while improving the skill and efficiency of both informal and formal caregivers. We also discussed the role of caregiving in end-of-life care. Our critical analysis strongly suggests that there is an urgent need for caregiving in aged populations and support from local, state, and federal agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Culberson
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan Kopel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Ujala Sehar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, 1301 Akron Ave, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; Neurology, Departments of School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
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3
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Vascular Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Homeostasis, Regeneration, and Aging. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2021; 7:194-203. [PMID: 34868826 PMCID: PMC8639543 DOI: 10.1007/s40778-021-00198-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) sit at the top of the hierarchy that meets the daily burden of blood production. HSC maintenance relies on extrinsic cues from the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment to balance stem cell self-renewal and cell fate decisions. In this brief review, we will highlight the studies and model systems that define the centralized role of BM vascular endothelium in modulating HSC activity in health and stress. Recent Findings The BM microenvironment is composed of a diverse array of intimately associated vascular and perivascular cell types. Recent dynamic imaging studies, coupled with single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and functional readouts, have advanced our understanding of the HSC-supportive cell types and their cooperative mechanisms that govern stem cell fate during homeostasis, regeneration, and aging. These findings have established complex and discrete vascular microenvironments within the BM that express overlapping and unique paracrine signals that modulate HSC fate. Summary Understanding the spatial and reciprocal HSC-niche interactions and the molecular mechanisms that govern HSC activity in the BM vascular microenvironment will be integral in developing therapies aimed at ameliorating hematological disease and supporting healthy hematopoietic output.
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4
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Sanie-Jahromi F, NejatyJahromy Y, Jahromi RR. A Review on the Role of Stem Cells against SARS-CoV-2 in Children and Pregnant Women. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11787. [PMID: 34769218 PMCID: PMC8584228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the COVID-19 outbreak was acknowledged by the WHO on 30 January 2020, much research has been conducted to unveil various features of the responsible SARS-CoV-2 virus. Different rates of contagion in adults, children, and pregnant women may guide us to understand the underlying infection conditions of COVID-19. In this study, we first provide a review of recent reports of COVID-19 clinical outcomes in children and pregnant women. We then suggest a mechanism that explains the curious case of COVID-19 in children/pregnant women. The unique stem cell molecular signature, as well as the very low expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and the lower ACE/ACE2 ratio in stem cells of children/pregnant women compared to adults might be the cause of milder symptoms of COVID-19 in them. This study provides the main molecular keys on how stem cells can function properly and exert their immunomodulatory and regenerative effects in COVID-19-infected children/pregnant women, while failing to replicate their role in adults. This can lay the groundwork for both predicting the pattern of spread and severity of the symptoms in a population and designing novel stem cell-based treatment and prevention strategies for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sanie-Jahromi
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134997446, Iran;
| | - Yaser NejatyJahromy
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53012 Bonn, Germany
| | - Rahim Raoofi Jahromi
- Department of Infectious Disease, Peymanieh Hospital, Jahrom University of Medical Science, Jahrom 7414846199, Iran
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5
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Kelly LS, Darden DB, Fenner BP, Efron PA, Mohr AM. The Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cell Response to Hemorrhage, Injury, and Sepsis: A Review of Pathophysiology. Shock 2021; 56:30-41. [PMID: 33234838 PMCID: PMC8141062 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) have both unique and common responses following hemorrhage, injury, and sepsis. HSPCs from different lineages have a distinctive response to these "stress" signals. Inflammation, via the production of inflammatory factors, including cytokines, hormones, and interferons, has been demonstrated to impact the differentiation and function of HSPCs. In response to injury, hemorrhagic shock, and sepsis, cellular phenotypic changes and altered function occur, demonstrating the rapid response and potential adaptability of bone marrow hematopoietic cells. In this review, we summarize the pathophysiology of emergency myelopoiesis and the role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, impaired erythropoiesis, as well as the mobilization of HSPCs from the bone marrow. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic options to optimize HSPC function after severe trauma or infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren S Kelly
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
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6
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Ramalingam P, Poulos MG, Gutkin MC, Katsnelson L, Freire AG, Lazzari E, Butler JM. Endothelial mTOR maintains hematopoiesis during aging. J Exp Med 2021; 217:151661. [PMID: 32289154 PMCID: PMC7971143 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20191212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging leads to a decline in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) function. We recently discovered that aging of bone marrow endothelial cells (BMECs) leads to an altered crosstalk between the BMEC niche and HSPCs, which instructs young HSPCs to behave as aged HSPCs. Here, we demonstrate aging leads to a decrease in mTOR signaling within BMECs that potentially underlies the age-related impairment of their niche activity. Our findings reveal that pharmacological inhibition of mTOR using Rapamycin has deleterious effects on hematopoiesis. To formally determine whether endothelial-specific inhibition of mTOR can influence hematopoietic aging, we conditionally deleted mTOR in ECs (mTOR(ECKO)) of young mice and observed that their HSPCs displayed attributes of an aged hematopoietic system. Transcriptional profiling of HSPCs from mTOR(ECKO) mice revealed that their transcriptome resembled aged HSPCs. Notably, during serial transplantations, exposure of wild-type HSPCs to an mTOR(ECKO) microenvironment was sufficient to recapitulate aging-associated phenotypes, confirming the instructive role of EC-derived signals in governing HSPC aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Ramalingam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Michael G Poulos
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ
| | - Michael C Gutkin
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ
| | - Lizabeth Katsnelson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Ana G Freire
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ
| | - Elisa Lazzari
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ
| | - Jason M Butler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY.,Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ.,Molecular Oncology Program, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
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7
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Webb M, Sideris DP. Intimate Relations-Mitochondria and Ageing. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207580. [PMID: 33066461 PMCID: PMC7589147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with ageing, but the detailed causal relationship between the two is still unclear. We review the major phenomenological manifestations of mitochondrial age-related dysfunction including biochemical, regulatory and energetic features. We conclude that the complexity of these processes and their inter-relationships are still not fully understood and at this point it seems unlikely that a single linear cause and effect relationship between any specific aspect of mitochondrial biology and ageing can be established in either direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Webb
- Mitobridge Inc., an Astellas Company, 1030 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Dionisia P Sideris
- Mitobridge Inc., an Astellas Company, 1030 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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8
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Xu Y, Tian Y, Tong D, Zhang H, Luo Z, Shang X, Dong Y. Wnt Signaling Inhibits High-Density Cell Sheet Culture Induced Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Aging by Targeting Cell Cycle Inhibitor p27. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:946. [PMID: 32850766 PMCID: PMC7419600 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cell senescence and apoptosis have been identified as critical molecular hallmarks in aging. In this study, we used stromal cell sheet culture as an in vitro model to study the progressive changes of cellular senescence, apoptosis and underlying mechanism in Wnt3a treated cells. Our results showed fresh bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) become senescent and undergo apoptosis with increased inflammatory profile and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in high-density cell sheet cultures. The gene expression level of senescence related proteins and key regulators of apoptosis in cell sheet cultures was significantly increased in older BMSCs at Days 4 and 7 cultures compared with younger cells at Day 1 cultures. More importantly, Wnt signaling activation significantly reduced senescence in cell sheet cultures by direct regulation of cell cycle inhibitor p27. This study not only characterized the cellular and molecular features of aging stromal cells in short-term cell sheet cultures, but also identified the downstream target responsible for Wnt inhibition of cell senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dongyi Tong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Zhengliang Luo
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xifu Shang
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yufeng Dong
- Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States
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9
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Tansriratanawong K, Tabei I, Ishikawa H, Ohyama A, Toyomura J, Sato S. Characterization and comparative DNA methylation profiling of four adipogenic genes in adipose-derived stem cells and dedifferentiated fat cells from aging subjects. Hum Cell 2020; 33:974-989. [PMID: 32495194 PMCID: PMC7505878 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-020-00379-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) and dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells are alternative cell sources in tissue engineering and regeneration because they are easily obtained and exhibit multilineage differentiation. However, aging may attenuate their regenerative potential and metabolic functions. Reports characterizing DFAT cells derived from aging donors are rare, and comparisons of DNA methylation profiles between aging ASCs and DFAT cells are poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize DFAT cells relative to ASCs derived from aging subjects and compare the DNA methylation profiles of four adipogenic genes in these cells. ASCs and DFAT cells from aging donors exhibited characteristics similar to those of stem cells, including colony formation, proliferation, and multilineage differentiation abilities. However, compared with ASCs, DFAT cells exhibited increased proliferation, smooth muscle actin alpha (SMA-α) expression and decreased cellular senescence. DNA methylation profiling of ASCs and DFAT cells by combined bisulfite restriction analysis (COBRA) demonstrated hypermethylation patterns in three potent adipogenic genes—peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (PPARγ2), fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL)—but hypomethylation of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) in the aging group. Statistically significant differences were observed between the aging group and the young group. Epigenetic regulation maintains the stability of ASCs and DFAT cells in an age-dependent manner. Our findings suggested that although the DNA methylation patterns of three adipogenic genes correlated with hypermethylation and aging, ASCs and DFAT cells exhibited cellular stability and several stem cell characteristics, offering further opportunities for personalized regeneration and energy maintenance by adipogenesis during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kallapat Tansriratanawong
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, 6 Yothi Street Rajthevi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - Isao Tabei
- Department of Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 105-0003, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishikawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ohyama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Junko Toyomura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Soh Sato
- Department of Periodontology, Nippon Dental University, Niigata, 951-1500, Japan
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10
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Therapeutic Modulation of Autophagy in Leukaemia and Lymphoma. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020103. [PMID: 30704144 PMCID: PMC6406467 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Haematopoiesis is a tightly orchestrated process where a pool of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) with high self-renewal potential can give rise to both lymphoid and myeloid lineages. The HSPCs pool is reduced with ageing resulting in few HSPC clones maintaining haematopoiesis thereby reducing blood cell diversity, a phenomenon called clonal haematopoiesis. Clonal expansion of HSPCs carrying specific genetic mutations leads to increased risk for haematological malignancies. Therefore, it comes as no surprise that hematopoietic tumours develop in higher frequency in elderly people. Unfortunately, elderly patients with leukaemia or lymphoma still have an unsatisfactory prognosis compared to younger ones highlighting the need to develop more efficient therapies for this group of patients. Growing evidence indicates that macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) is essential for health and longevity. This review is focusing on the role of autophagy in normal haematopoiesis as well as in leukaemia and lymphoma development. Attenuated autophagy may support early hematopoietic neoplasia whereas activation of autophagy in later stages of tumour development and in response to a variety of therapies rather triggers a pro-tumoral response. Novel insights into the role of autophagy in haematopoiesis will be discussed in light of designing new autophagy modulating therapies in hematopoietic cancers.
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11
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Stricklin D, Prins R, Bellman J. Development of age-dependent dose modification factors for acute radiation lethality. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 96:67-80. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1547438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Prins
- Applied Research Associates, Inc., Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Jacob Bellman
- Applied Research Associates, Inc., Arlington, VA, USA
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12
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Nagas E, Uyanik MO, Cehreli ZC. Revitalization of necrotic mature permanent incisors with apical periodontitis: a case report. Restor Dent Endod 2018; 43:e31. [PMID: 30135850 PMCID: PMC6103546 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2018.43.e31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable focus on the regenerative endodontic treatment of immature teeth with necrotic infected pulps and apical periodontitis, little data exist with regard to its possible implementation in necrotic permanent teeth with complete apical and radicular development. The present report describes the procedures and outcome of a regenerative endodontic treatment approach in 2 previously-traumatized incisors with closed apex with apical periodontitis. A 2-visit treatment procedure was employed. At initial visit, the root canals were copiously irrigated, followed by placement of a triple antibiotic paste containing ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, and clindamycin into the root canals. After 4 weeks, the antibiotic paste was removed, and apical bleeding was initiated with size 10 hand files beyond the apices. The root canals were coronally sealed with mineral trioxide aggregate, and the access cavities were restored with bonded resin composite. At post-operative 60 months, both teeth were remained asymptomatic, with the recall radiographs showing complete resolution of apical radiolucency and reestablishment of periradicular tissues. In both teeth, the dimensions of root space remained unchanged as verified by image analysis. The revitalization protocol utilizing root canal disinfection and induced apical bleeding in necrotic, closed-apex incisors may offer a clinically acceptable alternative to conventional root canal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Nagas
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Ozgur Uyanik
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zafer C Cehreli
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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13
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Zhang H, Menzies KJ, Auwerx J. The role of mitochondria in stem cell fate and aging. Development 2018; 145:145/8/dev143420. [PMID: 29654217 DOI: 10.1242/dev.143420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The importance of mitochondria in energy metabolism, signal transduction and aging in post-mitotic tissues has been well established. Recently, the crucial role of mitochondrial-linked signaling in stem cell function has come to light and the importance of mitochondria in mediating stem cell activity is becoming increasingly recognized. Despite the fact that many stem cells exhibit low mitochondrial content and a reliance on mitochondrial-independent glycolytic metabolism for energy, accumulating evidence has implicated the importance of mitochondrial function in stem cell activation, fate decisions and defense against senescence. In this Review, we discuss the recent advances that link mitochondrial metabolism, homeostasis, stress responses, and dynamics to stem cell function, particularly in the context of disease and aging. This Review will also highlight some recent progress in mitochondrial therapeutics that may present attractive strategies for improving stem cell function as a basis for regenerative medicine and healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun-Yat Sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Keir J Menzies
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute and Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Ottawa, Canada, K1H 8M5
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
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14
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Spinelli CC, Carrizzo A, Ferrario A, Villa F, Damato A, Ambrosio M, Madonna M, Frati G, Fucile S, Sciaccaluga M, Capunzo M, Calì G, Milanesi L, Maciag A, Puca AA, Vecchione C. LAV-BPIFB4 isoform modulates eNOS signalling through Ca2+/PKC-alpha-dependent mechanism. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 113:795-804. [PMID: 28419216 PMCID: PMC5437365 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Ageing is associated with impairment of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and progressive reduction in endothelial function. A genetic study on long-living individuals—who are characterized by delays in ageing and in the onset of cardiovascular disease—previously revealed I229V (rs2070325) in bactericidal/permeability-increasing fold-containing-family-B-member-4 (BPIFB4) as a longevity-associated variant (LAV); the LAV protein enhanced endothelial NO production and vasorelaxation through a protein kinase R–like endoplasmic reticulum kinase/14-3-3/heat shock protein 90 signal. Here, we further characterize the molecular mechanisms underlying LAV-BPIFB4-dependent enhancement of vascular function. Methods and results LAV-BPIFB4 upregulated eNOS function via mobilization of Ca2+ and activation of protein kinase C alpha (PKCα). Indeed, the overexpression of LAV-BPIFB4 in human endothelial cells enhanced ATP-induced Ca2+ mobilization and the translocation of PKCα to the plasma membrane. Coherently, pharmacological inhibition of PKCα blunted the positive effect of LAV-BPIFB4 on eNOS and endothelial function. In addition, although LAV-BPIFB4 lost the ability to activate PKCα and eNOS in ex vivo vessels studied in an external Ca2+-free medium and in vessels from eNOS−/− mice, it still potentiated endothelial activity, recruiting an alternative mechanism dependent upon endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF). Conclusions We have identified novel molecular determinants of the beneficial effects of LAV-BPIFB4 on endothelial function, showing the roles of Ca2+ mobilization and PKCα in eNOS activation and of EDHF when eNOS is inhibited. These results highlight the role LAV-BPIFB4 can have in restoring signals that are lost during ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Ferrario
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies-National Research Council, 20090 Segrate (MI), Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Giacomo Frati
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy.,Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome Polo Pontino, C.so della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Sergio Fucile
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mario Capunzo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - Gaetano Calì
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Luciano Milanesi
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies-National Research Council, 20090 Segrate (MI), Italy
| | - Anna Maciag
- Ageing Unit, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Annibale Alessandro Puca
- Ageing Unit, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - Carmine Vecchione
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy
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15
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Baldi S, Bolognesi A, Meinema AC, Barral Y. Heat stress promotes longevity in budding yeast by relaxing the confinement of age-promoting factors in the mother cell. eLife 2017; 6:28329. [PMID: 29283340 PMCID: PMC5771669 DOI: 10.7554/elife.28329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although individuals of many species inexorably age, a number of observations established that the rate of aging is modulated in response to a variety of mild stresses. Here, we investigated how heat stress promotes longevity in yeast. We show that upon growth at higher temperature, yeast cells relax the retention of DNA circles, which act as aging factors in the mother cell. The enhanced frequency at which circles redistribute to daughter cells was not due to changes of anaphase duration or nuclear shape but solely to the downregulation of the diffusion barrier in the nuclear envelope. This effect depended on the PKA and Tor1 pathways, downstream of stress-response kinase Pkc1. Inhibition of these responses restored barrier function and circle retention and abrogated the effect of heat stress on longevity. Our data indicate that redistribution of aging factors from aged cells to their progeny can be a mechanism for modulating longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Baldi
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alessio Bolognesi
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Yves Barral
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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16
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Hsu CC, Kuo HC, Huang KE. The Effects of Phytosterols Extracted from Diascorea alata on the Antioxidant Activity, Plasma Lipids, and Hematological Profiles in Taiwanese Menopausal Women. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9121320. [PMID: 29206136 PMCID: PMC5748770 DOI: 10.3390/nu9121320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of phytosterols extracted from Diascorea alata on antioxidant activities, plasma lipids and hematological profiles was assessed in postmenopausal women. Gas chromatography and mass spectrophotometry was employed to determine the steroid content of Taiwanese yam (Diascorea alata cv. Tainung No. 2). A two-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical investigation on 50 postmenopausal women randomly assigned to two groups treated for 12 months with placebo or two sachets daily of Diascorea extracts containing 12 mg/dose was carried out. The main outcome measures were the plasma antioxidant activities, hematological profiles, and the concentrations of plasma lipids, including cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein,, and apolipoprotein A1 and B. A one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) test was performed to investigate the significance. Beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol, 22-23-dihydro-, and γ-sitosterol were major phytosterols determined from Diascorea extracts. At six months in those receiving Diascorea, there were significantly decreased leukocyte counts (p < 0.01) and improvement on antioxidant activity of malondialdehyde (p < 0.001). After 12 months’ treatment, elevations of hematocrit and mean corpuscular volume (p < 0.01) were noted in those receiving Diascorea. Moreover, the low dose Diascorea consumption in menopausal women for one year generally did not present positive effects on lipid profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Chin Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 71101, Taiwan.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-Chih Kuo
- Department of Health Management, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan.
| | - Ko-En Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung University School of Medicine and Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
- San an Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, 177 Meisu East 2nd Road, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
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17
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Rhyu MG, Oh JH, Hong SJ. Species-specific role of gene-adjacent retroelements in human and mouse gastric carcinogenesis. Int J Cancer 2017; 142:1520-1527. [PMID: 29055047 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection promotes the recruitment of bone marrow stem cells into chronic gastritis lesions. Some of these marrow stem cells can differentiate into gastric epithelial cells and neoplastic cells. We propose that HP-associated methylation could stabilize trans-differentiation of marrow-derived stem cells and that an unstable methylation status is associated with a risk of gastric cancer. Pathobiologic behavior of experimental mouse gastric cancer is mild compared to invasive and metastatic human gastric cancer. Differences in epigenetic stabilization of adult cell phenotypes between humans and mice could provide a foundation to explore the development of invasive and metastatic gastric cancer. Retroelements are highly repetitive sequences that play an essential role in the generation of species diversity. In this review, we analyzed retroelements adjacent to human and mouse housekeeping genes and proposed a possible epigenetic mechanism for HP-associated carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mun-Gan Rhyu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Jin Hong
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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18
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Advances of Stem Cell Therapeutics in Cutaneous Wound Healing and Regeneration. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:5217967. [PMID: 29213192 PMCID: PMC5682068 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5217967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous wound healing is a complex multiple phase process, which overlaps each other, where several growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, and various cells interact in a well-orchestrated manner. However, an imbalance in any of these phases and factors may lead to disruption in harmony of normal wound healing process, resulting in transformation towards chronic nonhealing wounds and abnormal scar formation. Although various therapeutic interventions are available to treat chronic wounds, current wound-care has met with limited success. Progenitor stem cells possess potential therapeutic ability to overcome limitations of the present treatments as it offers accelerated wound repair with tissue regeneration. A substantial number of stem cell therapies for cutaneous wounds are currently under development as a result of encouraging preliminary findings in both preclinical and clinical studies. However, the mechanisms by which these stem cells contribute to the healing process have yet to be elucidated. In this review, we emphasize on the major treatment modalities currently available for the treatment of the wound, role of various interstitial stem cells and exogenous adult stem cells in cutaneous wound healing, and possible mechanisms involved in the healing process.
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19
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Poulos MG, Ramalingam P, Gutkin MC, Llanos P, Gilleran K, Rabbany SY, Butler JM. Endothelial transplantation rejuvenates aged hematopoietic stem cell function. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:4163-4178. [PMID: 29035282 DOI: 10.1172/jci93940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related changes in the hematopoietic compartment are primarily attributed to cell-intrinsic alterations in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs); however, the contribution of the aged microenvironment has not been adequately evaluated. Understanding the role of the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment in supporting HSC function may prove to be beneficial in treating age-related functional hematopoietic decline. Here, we determined that aging of endothelial cells (ECs), a critical component of the BM microenvironment, was sufficient to drive hematopoietic aging phenotypes in young HSCs. We used an ex vivo hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell/EC (HSPC/EC) coculture system as well as in vivo EC infusions following myelosuppressive injury in mice to demonstrate that aged ECs impair the repopulating activity of young HSCs and impart a myeloid bias. Conversely, young ECs restored the repopulating capacity of aged HSCs but were unable to reverse the intrinsic myeloid bias. Infusion of young, HSC-supportive BM ECs enhanced hematopoietic recovery following myelosuppressive injury and restored endogenous HSC function in aged mice. Coinfusion of young ECs augmented aged HSC engraftment and enhanced overall survival in lethally irradiated mice by mitigating damage to the BM vascular microenvironment. These data lay the groundwork for the exploration of EC therapies that can serve as adjuvant modalities to enhance HSC engraftment and accelerate hematopoietic recovery in the elderly population following myelosuppressive regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Poulos
- Department of Medicine.,Department of Surgery, and.,Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Pradeep Ramalingam
- Department of Medicine.,Department of Surgery, and.,Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael C Gutkin
- Department of Medicine.,Department of Surgery, and.,Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Pierre Llanos
- Bioengineering Program, DeMatteis School of Engineering and Applied Science, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York, USA
| | - Katherine Gilleran
- Bioengineering Program, DeMatteis School of Engineering and Applied Science, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York, USA
| | - Sina Y Rabbany
- Bioengineering Program, DeMatteis School of Engineering and Applied Science, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York, USA
| | - Jason M Butler
- Department of Medicine.,Department of Surgery, and.,Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
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20
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Ramalingam P, Poulos MG, Butler JM. Regulation of the hematopoietic stem cell lifecycle by the endothelial niche. Curr Opin Hematol 2017; 24:289-299. [PMID: 28594660 PMCID: PMC5554937 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) predominantly reside either in direct contact or in close proximity to the vascular endothelium throughout their lifespan. From the moment of HSC embryonic specification from hemogenic endothelium, endothelial cells (ECs) act as a critical cellular-hub that regulates a vast repertoire of biological processes crucial for HSC maintenance throughout its lifespan. In this review, we will discuss recent findings in endothelial niche-mediated regulation of HSC function during development, aging and regenerative conditions. RECENT FINDINGS Studies employing genetic vascular models have unequivocally confirmed that ECs provide the essential instructive cues for HSC emergence during embryonic development as well as adult HSC maintenance during homeostasis and regeneration. Aging of ECs may impair their ability to maintain HSC function contributing to the development of aging-associated hematopoietic deficiencies. These findings have opened up new avenues to explore the therapeutic application of ECs. ECs can be adapted to serve as an instructive platform to expand bona fide HSCs and also utilized as a cellular therapy to promote regeneration of the hematopoietic system following myelosuppressive and myeloablative injuries. SUMMARY ECs provide a fertile niche for maintenance of functional HSCs throughout their lifecycle. An improved understanding of the EC-HSC cross-talk will pave the way for development of EC-directed strategies for improving HSC function during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Ramalingam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
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22
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Guest I, Ilic Z, Scrable H, Sell S. Survival of irradiated recipient mice after transplantation of bone marrow from young, old and "early aging" mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2016; 7:1212-23. [PMID: 26796640 PMCID: PMC4712343 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow transplantation is used to examine survival, hematopoietic stem cell function and pathology in recipients of young and old wild type bone marrow derived stem cells (BMDSCs) as well as cells from p53-based models of premature aging. There is no difference in the long term survival of recipients of 8 week-old p53+/m donor cells compared to recipients of 8 week-old wild-type (WT) donor cells (70 weeks) or of recipients of 16-18 weeks-old donor cells from either p53+/m or WT mice. There is shorter survival in recipients of older versus younger WT donor bone marrow, but the difference is only significant when comparing 8 and 18 week-old donors. In the p44-based model, short term survival/engraftment is significantly reduced in recipients of 11 month-old p44 donor cells compared to 4 week-old p44 or wild type donor cells of either age; mid-life survival at 40 weeks is also significantly less in recipients of p44 cells. BMDSCs are readily detectable within recipient bone marrow, lymph node, intestinal villi and liver sinusoids, but not in epithelial derived cells. These results indicate that recipients of young BMDSCs may survive longer than recipients of old bone marrow, but the difference is marginal at best.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Guest
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201, USA
| | - Zoran Ilic
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201, USA
| | - Heidi Scrable
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Stewart Sell
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201, USA
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23
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Bai L, Shi G, Yang Y, Chen W, Zhang L. Anti-Aging Effect of Siraitia grosuenorii by Enhancement of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Function. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2016; 44:803-15. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x16500440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Anti-aging has always been a popular topic, and there are many claims about the existence of factors that can slow, stop, or even reverse the aging process. Siraitia grosuenorii, a local fruit in china, has been used for the treatment of gastritis, sore throats, and whooping cough in traditional Chinese medicine. The individuals who took the juice of Siraitia grosuenorii regularly had increased longevity in the Guangxi Province, which is located in the Southern part of China. In this paper, we fed mice with Siraitia grosuenorii for 10 months to identify the role of Siraitia grosuenorii in anti-aging and to investigate its corresponding mechanism. The results showed that mice fed with Siraitia grosuenorii displayed a slower aging process. The extension of the aging process was due to the enhanced function of HSCs. FACS analysis showed that the number of LSKs, LT-HSCs, ST-HSCs and MPPs from Siraitia grosuenorii mice was decreased. In vitro, a clonigenic assay showed that LT-HSCs from Siraitia grosuenorii mice increased the ability of self-renewal. Moreover, Siraitia grosuenorii mice maintained the quiescence of LSKs, decreased the level of ROS and reduced the amount of senescence associated β-gal positive cells. Furthermore, Siraitia grosuenorii mice decreased the expression of senescence-associated proteins. Siraitia grosuenorii maintained quiescence, decreased senescence and enhanced the function of HSCs, slowing the aging process of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Bai
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Guiying Shi
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Yajun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Lianfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
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Li Q, Zhang C, Fu X. Will stem cells bring hope to pathological skin scar treatment? Cytotherapy 2016; 18:943-956. [PMID: 27293205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pathological skin scars, such as keloids, aesthetically and psychosocially affect patients. The quest for scar reduction and the increasing recognition of patient satisfaction has led to the continued exploration of scar treatment. Stem cells are a promising source for tissue repair and regeneration. The multi-potency and secretory functions of these cells could offer possible treatments for pathological scars and have been examined in recent studies. Here, we analyze the factors that influence the formation of pathological skin scars, summarize recent research on pathological scar treatment with stem cells and elaborate on the possible mechanisms of this treatment. Additionally, other effects of stem cell treatments are also presented while evaluating potential side effects of stem cell-based pathological scar treatments. Thus, this review may provide meaningful guidance in the clinic for scar treatments with stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiankun Li
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cuiping Zhang
- Stem Cell and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Stem Cell and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China.
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Wang Y, Fu B, Sun X, Li D, Huang Q, Zhao W, Chen X. Differentially expressed microRNAs in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived microvesicles in young and older rats and their effect on tumor growth factor-β1-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in HK2 cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:185. [PMID: 26415502 PMCID: PMC4587922 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0179-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The prevalence of renal fibrosis is higher in older than in younger individuals. Through paracrine activity, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived microvesicles (BM-MSC-MVs) influence the process of renal fibrosis. Differences in microRNA (miRNA) expression of BM-MSC-MVs that correlate with the age of the subjects and the correlation between miRNA expression and the process of renal fibrosis have not been established. The present study aimed to analyze differences in miRNA expression of BM-MSC-MVs between young or older rats and its influence on tumor growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1)-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of HK2 cells to explore the causes of renal fibrosis in aged tissues. Methods miRCURY LNA Array (version 18.0) was used to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in BM-MSC-MVs of 3- and 24-month-old Fisher344 rats. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to verify miRNA levels in BM-MSC-MVs and in the serum of rats. A TGF-β1-mediated EMT model was used to study the effects of BM-MSC-MVs and differentially expressed miRNAs on EMT. Results BM-MSCs from older rats showed more severe aging phenotypes compared with those of young rats. In addition, the growth rate and cell migration of BM-MSCs derived from older rats were significantly reduced. In secreted BM-MSC-MVs, the expression of miR-344a, miR-133b-3p, miR-294, miR-423-3p, and miR-872-3p was significantly downregulated in older rats than in younger rats (P < 0.05), and the serum level of these miRNAs exhibited the same patterns. Intervention using BM-MSC-MVs resulted in the weakening of TGF-β1-mediated EMT in the aged rats. MiR-344a, miR-133b-3p, and miR-294 affected TGF-β1-mediated EMT in HK2 cells. Among these, miR-133b-3p and miR-294 significantly inhibited TGF-β1-mediated EMT in HK2 cells (P < 0.05). Conclusions In older rats, the inhibitory effect of BM-MSC-MVs on TGF-β1-mediated HK2 cell EMT was weaker than that observed in younger rats. In addition, miR-133b-3p and miR-294, which were downregulated in BM-MSC-MVs of older rats, remarkably inhibited TGF-β1-mediated EMT in HK2 cells, suggesting that these may play a role in the fibrosis of aging renal tissues. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-015-0179-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China.
| | - Bo Fu
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Xuefeng Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Diangeng Li
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Weihong Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China.
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
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27
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Wang C, Oshima M, Sashida G, Tomioka T, Hasegawa N, Mochizuki-Kashio M, Nakajima-Takagi Y, Kusunoki Y, Kyoizumi S, Imai K, Nakachi K, Iwama A. Non-Lethal Ionizing Radiation Promotes Aging-Like Phenotypic Changes of Human Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells in Humanized Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132041. [PMID: 26161905 PMCID: PMC4498777 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise understanding of radiation effects is critical to develop new modalities for the prevention and treatment of radiation-induced damage. We previously reported that non-lethal doses of X-ray irradiation induce DNA damage in human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) reconstituted in NOD/Shi-scid IL2rγnull (NOG) immunodeficient mice and severely compromise their repopulating capacity. In this study, we analyzed in detail the functional changes in human HSPCs in NOG mice following non-lethal radiation. We transplanted cord blood CD34+ HSPCs into NOG mice. At 12 weeks post-transplantation, the recipients were irradiated with 0, 0.5, or 1.0 Gy. At 2 weeks post-irradiation, human CD34+ HSPCs recovered from the primary recipient mice were transplanted into secondary recipients. CD34+ HSPCs from irradiated mice showed severely impaired reconstitution capacity in the secondary recipient mice. Of interest, non-lethal radiation compromised contribution of HSPCs to the peripheral blood cells, particularly to CD19+ B lymphocytes, which resulted in myeloid-biased repopulation. Co-culture of limiting numbers of CD34+ HSPCs with stromal cells revealed that the frequency of B cell-producing CD34+ HSPCs at 2 weeks post-irradiation was reduced more than 10-fold. Furthermore, the key B-cell regulator genes such as IL-7R and EBF1 were downregulated in HSPCs upon 0.5 Gy irradiation. Given that compromised repopulating capacity and myeloid-biased differentiation are representative phenotypes of aged HSCs, our findings indicate that non-lethal ionizing radiation is one of the critical external stresses that promote aging of human HSPCs in the bone marrow niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changshan Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260–8670, Japan
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Motohiko Oshima
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260–8670, Japan
| | - Goro Sashida
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260–8670, Japan
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto City 860–0811, Japan
| | - Takahisa Tomioka
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260–8670, Japan
| | - Nagisa Hasegawa
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260–8670, Japan
- Department of Hematology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba 260–8670, Japan
| | - Makiko Mochizuki-Kashio
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260–8670, Japan
| | - Yaeko Nakajima-Takagi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260–8670, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kusunoki
- Department of Radiobiology/Molecular Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima 732–0815, Japan
| | - Seishi Kyoizumi
- Department of Radiobiology/Molecular Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima 732–0815, Japan
| | - Kazue Imai
- Department of Radiobiology/Molecular Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima 732–0815, Japan
| | - Kei Nakachi
- Department of Radiobiology/Molecular Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima 732–0815, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260–8670, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Reitinger S, Schimke M, Klepsch S, de Sneeuw S, Yani SL, Gaßner R, Ertl P, Lepperdinger G. Systemic impact molds mesenchymal stromal/stem cell aging. Transfus Apher Sci 2015; 52:285-9. [PMID: 25910539 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with an accruing emergence of non-functional tissues. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) bring forth progenitors with multi-lineage differentiation potential, yet, they also exhibit anti-inflammatory and tissue-protective properties. Due to aging, altered tissue microenvironments constrict controlled stem cell proliferation and progenitor differentiation, thus diminishing the fitness of MSC. Therefore, deepening our understanding of metabolic, molecular and environmental factors impacting on MSC during human aging as well as providing new vistas on their role in promoting healthy aging and preventing age-associated disease is pivot. It is anticipated that integrative quantification of systemic parameters dominantly impacting on MSC will also enable effective personalized prognosis and provision of effective early medical interventions. Working along this line, it can be envisaged that standards in medical therapies can be individually adjusted by accounting not solely for the patient's chronological age or other physical parameters rather than specific physiological parameters which are believed to functionally shape stem cell niches within the bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Reitinger
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Magdalena Schimke
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Sebastian Klepsch
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Snezana de Sneeuw
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Stella Lukas Yani
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Robert Gaßner
- University Clinic for Maxillofacial Surgery Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Peter Ertl
- Austrian Institute for Technology, Muthgasse 11, Wien A-1190, Austria
| | - Günter Lepperdinger
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, University Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, Salzburg 5020, Austria.
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Voskoboynik A, Weissman IL. Botryllus schlosseri, an emerging model for the study of aging, stem cells, and mechanisms of regeneration. INVERTEBR REPROD DEV 2014; 59:33-38. [PMID: 26136618 PMCID: PMC4464096 DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2014.944673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The decline of tissue regenerative potential with the loss of stem cell function is a hallmark of mammalian aging. We study Botryllus schlosseri, a colonial chordate which exhibits robust stem cell-mediated regeneration capacities throughout life. Larvae, derived by sexual reproduction and chordate development, metamorphose to clonal founders that undergo weekly formation of new individuals by budding from stem cells. Individuals are transient structures which die through massive apoptosis, and successive buds mature to replicate an entire new body. As a result, their stem cells, which are the only self-renewing cells in a tissue, are the only cells which remain through the entire life of the genotype and retain the effects of time. During aging, a significant decrease in the colonies' regenerative potential is observed and both sexual and asexual reproductions will eventually halt. When a parent colony is experimentally separated into a number of clonal replicates, they frequently undergo senescence simultaneously, suggesting a heritable factor that determines lifespan in these colonies. The availability of the recently published B. schlosseri genome coupled with its unique life cycle features promotes the use of this model organism for the study of the evolution of aging, stem cells, and mechanisms of regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelet Voskoboynik
- Department of Pathology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, and Hopkins Marine Station , Stanford , CA , USA
| | - Irving L Weissman
- Department of Pathology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, and Hopkins Marine Station , Stanford , CA , USA ; Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , CA , USA
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30
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Tan KKB, Salgado G, Connolly JE, Chan JKY, Lane EB. Characterization of fetal keratinocytes, showing enhanced stem cell-like properties: a potential source of cells for skin reconstruction. Stem Cell Reports 2014; 3:324-38. [PMID: 25254345 PMCID: PMC4175556 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal stem cells have been in clinical application as a source of culture-generated grafts. Although applications for such cells are increasing due to aging populations and the greater incidence of diabetes, current keratinocyte grafting technology is limited by immunological barriers and the time needed for culture amplification. We studied the feasibility of using human fetal skin cells for allogeneic transplantation and showed that fetal keratinocytes have faster expansion times, longer telomeres, lower immunogenicity indicators, and greater clonogenicity with more stem cell indicators than adult keratinocytes. The fetal cells did not induce proliferation of T cells in coculture and were able to suppress the proliferation of stimulated T cells. Nevertheless, fetal keratinocytes could stratify normally in vitro. Experimental transplantation of fetal keratinocytes in vivo seeded on an engineered plasma scaffold yielded a well-stratified epidermal architecture and showed stable skin regeneration. These results support the possibility of using fetal skin cells for cell-based therapeutic grafting. Properties of fetal and adult keratinocytes are compared in tissue culture and grafts Fetal skin cells can be engrafted and show stable human-to-mouse skin regeneration Fetal keratinocytes are stem cell rich and need no differentiation before grafting Fetal keratinocytes are able to suppress proliferation of stimulated T cells in vitro
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth K B Tan
- A(∗)STAR Institute of Medical Biology, Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore; NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, Centre for Life Sciences, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Giorgiana Salgado
- A(∗)STAR Institute of Medical Biology, Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - John E Connolly
- Singapore Immunology Network, A(∗)STAR, Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Jerry K Y Chan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore; Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
| | - E Birgitte Lane
- A(∗)STAR Institute of Medical Biology, Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore.
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31
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Geiger H, Denkinger M, Schirmbeck R. Hematopoietic stem cell aging. Curr Opin Immunol 2014; 29:86-92. [PMID: 24905894 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Aging is organized in a hierarchy, in which aging of cells results in aged tissues, ultimately limiting lifespan. For organ systems that also in the adult depend on stem cells for tissue homeostasis like the hematopoietic system that forms immune cells, it is believed that aging of the stem cells strongly contributes to aging-associated dysfunction. In this review, we summarize current aspects on cellular and molecular mechanisms that are associated with aging of hematopoietic stem cells, the role of the stem cell niche for stem cell aging as well as novel and encouraging experimental approaches to attenuate aging of hematopoietic stem cells to target immunosenescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Geiger
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell and Aging, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany; Aging Research Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany; Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Michael Denkinger
- AGAPLESION Bethesda Clinic, Geriatric Center Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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32
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Ramkumar C, Kong Y, Trabucco SE, Gerstein RM, Zhang H. Smurf2 regulates hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal and aging. Aging Cell 2014; 13:478-86. [PMID: 24494704 PMCID: PMC4032599 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The age-dependent decline in the self-renewal capacity of stem cells plays a critical role in aging, but the precise mechanisms underlying this decline are not well understood. By limiting proliferative capacity, senescence is thought to play an important role in age-dependent decline of stem cell self-renewal, although direct evidence supporting this hypothesis is largely lacking. We have previously identified the E3 ubiquitin ligase Smurf2 as a critical regulator of senescence. In this study, we found that mice deficient in Smurf2 had an expanded hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) compartment in bone marrow under normal homeostatic conditions, and this expansion was associated with enhanced proliferation and reduced quiescence of HSCs. Surprisingly, increased cycling and reduced quiescence of HSCs in Smurf2-deficient mice did not lead to premature exhaustion of stem cells. Instead, HSCs in aged Smurf2-deficient mice had a significantly better repopulating capacity than aged wild-type HSCs, suggesting that decline in HSC function with age is Smurf2 dependent. Furthermore, Smurf2-deficient HSCs exhibited elevated long-term self-renewal capacity and diminished exhaustion in serial transplantation. As we found that the expression of Smurf2 was increased with age and in response to regenerative stress during serial transplantation, our findings suggest that Smurf2 plays an important role in regulating HSC self-renewal and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charusheila Ramkumar
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester MA 01655 USA
| | - Yahui Kong
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester MA 01655 USA
| | - Sally E. Trabucco
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester MA 01655 USA
| | - Rachel M. Gerstein
- Microbiology and Physiological Systems University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester MA 01655USA
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester MA 01655 USA
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Farrell TL, McGuire TR, Bilek LD, Brusnahan SK, Jackson JD, Lane JT, Garvin KL, O'Kane BJ, Berger AM, Tuljapurkar SR, Kessinger MA, Sharp JG. Changes in the frequencies of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells with age and site. Exp Hematol 2014; 42:146-54. [PMID: 24246745 PMCID: PMC3944726 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This study enumerated CD45(hi)/CD34(+) and CD45(hi)/CD133(+) human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and progenitor granulocyte-macrophage colony forming cells (GM-CFCs) in blood and trochanteric and femoral bone marrow in 233 individuals. Stem cell frequencies were determined with multiparameter flow cytometry and using an internal control to determine the intrinsic variance of the assays. Progenitor cell frequency was determined using a standard colony assay technique. The frequency of outliers from undetermined methodological causes was highest for blood, but less than 5% for all values. The frequency of CD45(hi)/CD133(+) cells correlated highly with the frequency of CD45(hi)/CD34(+) cells in trochanteric and femoral bone marrow. The frequency of these HSC populations in trochanteric and femoral bone marrow rose significantly with age. In contrast, there was no significant trend of either of these cell populations with age in the blood. Trochanteric marrow progenitor GM-CFCs showed no significant trends with age, but femoral marrow GM-CFCs trended downward with age, potentially because of the reported conversion of red marrow at this site to fat with age. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells exhibited changes in frequencies with age that differed between blood and bone marrow. We previously reported that side population (SP) multipotential HSC, which includes the precursors of CD45(hi)/CD133(+) and CD45(hi)/CD34(+), decline with age. Potentially the increases in stem cell frequencies in the intermediate compartment between SP and GM progenitor cells observed in this study represent a compensatory increase for the loss of more potent members of the HSC hierarchy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy L Farrell
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Timothy R McGuire
- Pharmacy Practice, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Laura D Bilek
- School of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Susan K Brusnahan
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - John D Jackson
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Judy T Lane
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kevin L Garvin
- Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | - Ann M Berger
- Adult Health and Illness, College of Nursing, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sonal R Tuljapurkar
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - M Anne Kessinger
- Internal Medicine Oncology/Hematology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - John Graham Sharp
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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34
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Li Z, Guo Y, Han L, Zhang Y, Shi L, Huang X, Lin X. Debra-mediated Ci degradation controls tissue homeostasis in Drosophila adult midgut. Stem Cell Reports 2014; 2:135-44. [PMID: 24527387 PMCID: PMC3923220 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2013.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult tissue homeostasis is maintained by resident stem cells and their progeny. However, the underlying mechanisms that control tissue homeostasis are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that Debra-mediated Ci degradation is important for intestinal stem cell (ISC) proliferation in Drosophila adult midgut. Debra inhibition leads to increased ISC activity and tissue homeostasis loss, phenocopying defects observed in aging flies. These defects can be suppressed by depleting Ci, suggesting that increased Hedgehog (Hh) signaling contributes to ISC proliferation and tissue homeostasis loss. Consistently, Hh signaling activation causes the same defects, whereas depletion of Hh signaling suppresses these defects. Furthermore, the Hh ligand from multiple sources is involved in ISC proliferation and tissue homeostasis. Finally, we show that the JNK pathway acts downstream of Hh signaling to regulate ISC proliferation. Together, our results provide insights into the mechanisms of stem cell proliferation and tissue homeostasis control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yueqin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lili Han
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lai Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xudong Huang
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Xinhua Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China ; Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) continuously provide mature blood cells during the lifespan of a mammal. The functional decline in hematopoiesis in the elderly, which involves a progressive reduction in the immune response and an increased incidence of myeloid malignancy, is partly linked to HSC aging. Molecular mechanisms of HSC aging remain unclear, hindering rational approaches to slow or reverse the decline of HSC function with age. Identifying conditions under which aged HSCs become equivalent to young stem cells might result in treatments for age-associated imbalances in lymphopoiesis and myelopoiesis and in blood regeneration. RECENT FINDINGS Aging of HSCs has been for a long time thought to be an irreversible process imprinted in stem cells due to the intrinsic nature of HSC aging. Mouse model studies have found that aging is associated with elevated activity of the Rho GTPase Cdc42 in HSCs that is causative for loss of polarity, altered epigenetic modifications and functional deficits of aged HSCs. The work suggests that inhibition of Cdc42 activity in aged HSCs may reverse a number of phenotypes associated with HSC aging. SUMMARY Maintaining the regenerative capacity of organs or organ systems may be a useful way to ensure healthy aging. A defined set of features phenotypically separate young from aged HSCs. Aging of HSCs has been thought to be irreversible. Recent findings support the hypothesis that functional decline of aged HSCs may be reversible by pharmacological intervention of age altered signaling pathways and epigenetic modifications.
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36
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Valproic acid promotes neuronal differentiation by induction of neuroprogenitors in human bone-marrow mesenchymal stromal cells. Neurosci Lett 2013; 554:22-7. [PMID: 24021810 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that the inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs) induces the differentiation of diverse cancer and stem cells, which suggests HDAC inhibitors may be good candidates for the induction of stem cell differentiation. In this study, we investigated the effects of a HDAC inhibitor, valproic acid (VPA), for the neuronal differentiation of human bone marrow-mesenchymal stromal cells (hBM-MSCs). VPA-treated MSCs had significant increases in their expression of the neuro-progenitor marker Nestin, Musashi, CD133, and GFAP, as measured by real-time PCR and immunoblot analysis. When VPA-pretreated MSCs were differentiated with neuronal induction media (VPA-dMSCs), they exhibited a cell body and dendritic morphology similar to neurons. The number and neurite length of these VPA-dMSCs significantly increased compared to differentiated MSCs (dMSCs). The VPA-dMSCs and dMSCs had significantly increased transcripts of neuronal-specific marker genes, including Nestin, Musashi, CD133, GFAP, NeuN, MAP-2, NF-M, KCNH1, and KCNH5. The cells also showed a higher expression of the neuronal marker proteins Nestin and NF-M from immunocytochemical staining and immunoblot analysis. This study has shown that VPA pretreatment of hBM-MSCs, following their incubation with neuronal induction media, effectively stimulates neuronal cell differentiation to BM-MSCs.
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Sherr DH, Monti S. The role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in normal and malignant B cell development. Semin Immunopathol 2013; 35:705-16. [PMID: 23942720 PMCID: PMC3824572 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-013-0390-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor historically studied for its role in environmental chemical-mediated toxicity and carcinogenicity. In the last 5 years, however, it has become clear that the AhR, presumably activated by endogenous ligand(s), plays an important role in immune system development and function. Other articles in this edition summarize AhR function during T cell and antigen-presenting cell development and function, including the effects of AhR activation on dendritic cell function, T cell skewing, inflammation, and autoimmune disease. Here, we focus on AhR expression and function during B cell differentiation. Studies exploiting immunosuppressive environmental chemicals to probe the role of the AhR in humoral immunity are also reviewed to illustrate the multiple levels at which a “nominally activated” AhR could control B cell differentiation from the hematopoietic stem cell through the pro-B cell, mature B cell, and antibody-secreting plasma cell stages. Finally, a putative role for the AhR in the basic biology of B cell malignancies, many of which have been associated with exposure to environmental AhR ligands, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Sherr
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 72 East Concord Street (R-408), Boston, MA, 02118, USA,
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38
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Beerman I, Bock C, Garrison BS, Smith ZD, Gu H, Meissner A, Rossi DJ. Proliferation-dependent alterations of the DNA methylation landscape underlie hematopoietic stem cell aging. Cell Stem Cell 2013; 12:413-25. [PMID: 23415915 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2013.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The functional potential of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) declines during aging, and in doing so, significantly contributes to hematopoietic pathophysiology in the elderly. To explore the relationship between age-associated HSC decline and the epigenome, we examined global DNA methylation of HSCs during ontogeny in combination with functional analysis. Although the DNA methylome is generally stable during aging, site-specific alterations of DNA methylation occur at genomic regions associated with hematopoietic lineage potential and selectively target genes expressed in downstream progenitor and effector cells. We found that age-associated HSC decline, replicative limits, and DNA methylation are largely dependent on the proliferative history of HSCs, yet appear to be telomere-length independent. Physiological aging and experimentally enforced proliferation of HSCs both led to DNA hypermethylation of genes regulated by Polycomb Repressive Complex 2. Our results provide evidence that epigenomic alterations of the DNA methylation landscape contribute to the functional decline of HSCs during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Beerman
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02116, USA
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39
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Hosoyama T, Meyer MG, Krakora D, Suzuki M. Isolation and in vitro propagation of human skeletal muscle progenitor cells from fetal muscle. Cell Biol Int 2013; 37:191-6. [PMID: 23319422 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle progenitor cells (SMPCs) are considered one of the most valuable cells for cell-based therapy targeting skeletal muscle. However, an efficient protocol for isolating and maintaining human myogenic progenitors in vitro has not been fully established. In this study, we demonstrate that human myogenic progenitors can be expanded and proliferated from human fetal muscles. Human SMPCs were prepared from fetal hind limb muscles and induced to proliferate as free-floating spheres termed myospheres in the medium containing basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF). Both myogenic progenitors and myoblast populations from human fetal muscles were effectively propagated in myospheres and passaged by a mechanical chopping. After expanding these spheres in culture, we tested whether myogenic progenitor cells can differentiate into multinucleated myotubes. The myospheres were dissociated, plated down on coverslips and cultured in the medium for terminal differentiation. We could confirm that the plated cells formed well-developed, multinucleated myotubes. This culture method using myospheres is an effective protocol to isolate and maintain SMPCs from human fetal skeletal muscles in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Hosoyama
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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40
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The Fruit Fly Drosophila melanogaster as a Model for Aging Research. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 135:63-77. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2013_193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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41
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Tümpel S, Rudolph KL. The role of telomere shortening in somatic stem cells and tissue aging: lessons from telomerase model systems. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2012; 1266:28-39. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06547.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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42
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Duggal S, Brinchmann JE. Importance of serum source for the in vitro replicative senescence of human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:2908-15. [PMID: 21302288 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) may be used for therapeutic applications. Culture conditions such as the serum source may impact on cell quality and the onset of replicative senescence. We have examined the effect of culturing hMSCs in autologous serum (AS) versus fetal bovine serum (FBS) on factors involved in in vitro replicative senescence. hMSCs from four donors were cultured in 10% FBS or 10% AS until they reached senescence. Cells were harvested at early passage and near senescence to study factors known to be involved in cellular senescence. The number of population doublings till senescence was similar for cells cultured in FBS, but varied greatly for hMSCs cultured in AS. FBS cells accumulated in S phase of cell cycle. This could not be explained by increased expression of cell cycle inhibitor proteins. Heat shock proteins were upregulated in AS compared to FBS cells. Reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide were upregulated in senescent FBS cells. Telomeres were shorter in senescent cells, more significantly in FBS cells. The source of serum was a determinant for the time till senescence in cultured hMSC. Serum source affected aspects of cell cycle regulation and the levels of heat shock proteins. Several mechanisms are likely to be responsible for replicative senescence in hMSC. Insight into the molecular details of how serum factors impacts on these mechanisms is important for the safe use of hMSCs in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivali Duggal
- Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet
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Pandey AC, Semon JA, Kaushal D, O'Sullivan RP, Glowacki J, Gimble JM, Bunnell BA. MicroRNA profiling reveals age-dependent differential expression of nuclear factor κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase in adipose and bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2011; 2:49. [PMID: 22169120 PMCID: PMC3340558 DOI: 10.1186/scrt90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a central role in mediating endogenous repair of cell and tissue damage. Biologic aging is a universal process that results in changes at the cellular and molecular levels. In the present study, the role of microRNA (miRNA) in age-induced molecular changes in MSCs derived from adipose tissue (ASCs) and bone marrow (BMSCs) from young and old human donors were investigated by using an unbiased genome-wide approach. Methods Human ASCs and BMSCs from young and old donors were cultured, and total RNA was isolated. The miRNA fraction was enriched and used to determine the expression profile of miRNA in young and old donor MSCs. Based on miRNA expression, differences in donor MSCs were further investigated by using differentiation assays, Western blot, immunocytochemistry, and bioinformatics. Results Biologic aging demonstrated reduced osteogenic and adipogenic potential in ASCs isolated from older donors, whereas cell size, complexity, and cell-surface markers remained intact with aging. Analysis of miRNA profiles revealed that small subsets of active miRNAs changed secondary to aging. Evaluation of miRNA showed significantly decreased levels of gene expression of inhibitory kappa B kinase (IκB), interleukin-1α, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), mitogen-activated protein kinase/p38, ERK1/2, c-fos, and c-jun in MSCs from older donors by both bioinformatics and Western blot analysis. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), myc, and interleukin-4 receptor mRNA levels were significantly elevated in aged cells from both the adipose and bone marrow depots. Immunocytochemistry showed nuclear localization in young donors, but a cytosolic predominance of phosphorylated NF-κB in ASCs from older donors. Western blot demonstrated significantly elevated levels of NF-κB subunits, p65 and p50, and AKT. Conclusions These findings suggest that differential expression of miRNA is an integral component of biologic aging in MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitabh C Pandey
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Abstract
This article discusses various theories of aging and their relative plausibility related to the human aging process. Structural and physiologic changes of aging are discussed in detail by organ system. Each of the organ systems is discussed when applicable to the various theories of aging. Normal versus abnormal aging is discussed in the context of specific aging processes, with atypical presentations of disease and general links to life expectancy. Life expectancy and lifespan are discussed in the context of advances in medical science and the potential ultimate link to human life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A Cefalu
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1542 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70113, USA.
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Sipos F, Leiszter K, Tulassay Z. Effect of ageing on colonic mucosal regeneration. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:2981-6. [PMID: 21799643 PMCID: PMC3132248 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i25.2981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Revised: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The physiologic and pathologic cellular and molecular changes occurring with age in the human colon affect both the inflammatory process leading to mucosal injury and the regenerative capacity of the epithelium. On the one hand, age-related telomere shortening and inflamm-ageing may lead to the development of colonic inflammation, which results in epithelial damage. On the other hand, the altered migration and function of regenerative stem cells, the age-related methylation of mucosal healing-associated genes, together with the alterations of growth factor signaling with age, may be involved in delayed mucosal regeneration. The connections of these alterations to the process of ageing are not fully known. The understanding and custom-tailored modification of these mechanisms are of great clinical importance with regard to disease prevention and modern therapeutic strategies. Here, we aim to summarize the age-related microscopic and molecular changes of the human colon, as well as their role in altered mucosal healing.
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Gauglitz GG, Jeschke MG. Combined gene and stem cell therapy for cutaneous wound healing. Mol Pharm 2011; 8:1471-9. [PMID: 21657247 DOI: 10.1021/mp2001457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In current medical practice, wound therapy remains a clinical challenge and much effort has been focused on the development of novel therapeutic approaches for wound treatment. Gene therapy, initially developed for treatment of congenital defects, represents a promising option for enhancing wound repair. In order to accelerate wound closure, genes encoding for growth factors or cytokines have shown the most potential. The majority of gene delivery systems are based on viral transfection, naked DNA application, high pressure injection, and liposomal vectors. Besides advances stemming from breakthroughs in recombinant growth factors and bioengineered skin, there has been a significant increase in the understanding of stem cell biology in the field of cutaneous wound healing. A variety of sources, such as bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, adipose tissue and skin/hair follicles, have been utilized to isolate stem cells and to modulate the healing response of acute and chronic wounds. Recent data have demonstrated the feasibility of autologous adult stem cell therapy in cutaneous repair and regeneration. Very recently, stem cell based skin engineering in conjunction with gene recombination, in which the stem cells act as both the seed cells and the vehicle for gene delivery to the wound site, represents the most attractive field for generating a regenerative strategy for wound therapy. The aim of this article is to discuss the use and the potential of these novel technologies in order to improve wound healing capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd G Gauglitz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
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Cho J, Shen H, Yu H, Li H, Cheng T, Lee SB, Lee BC. Ewing sarcoma gene Ews regulates hematopoietic stem cell senescence. Blood 2011; 117:1156-66. [PMID: 21030557 PMCID: PMC3056469 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-04-279349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The longevity of organisms is maintained by stem cells. If an organism loses the ability to maintain a balance between quiescence and differentiation in the stem/progenitor cell compartment due to aging and/or stress, this may result in death or age-associated diseases, including cancer. Ewing sarcoma is the most lethal bone tumor in young patients and arises from primitive stem cells. Here, we demonstrated that endogenous Ewing sarcoma gene (Ews) is indispensable for stem cell quiescence, and that the ablation of Ews promotes the early onset of senescence in hematopoietic stem progenitor cells. The phenotypic and functional changes in Ews-deficient stem cells were accompanied by an increase in senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining and a marked induction of p16(INK4a) compared with wild-type counterparts. With its relevance to cancer and possibly aging, EWS is likely to play a significant role in maintaining the functional capacity of stem cells and may provide further insight into the complexity of Ewing sarcoma in the context of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonseok Cho
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Cancer Center, 5117 Centre Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Declining lymphoid progenitor fitness promotes aging-associated leukemogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:21713-8. [PMID: 21098275 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1005486107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with the functional decline of cells, tissues, and organs. At the same time, age is the single most important prognostic factor in the development of most human cancers, including chronic myelogenous and acute lymphoblastic leukemias initiated by Bcr-Abl oncogenic translocations. Prevailing paradigms attribute the association between aging and cancers to the accumulation of oncogenic mutations over time, because the accrual of oncogenic events is thought to be the rate-limiting step in initiation and progression of cancers. Conversely, aging-associated functional decline caused by both cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous mechanisms is likely to reduce the fitness of stem and progenitor cell populations. This reduction in fitness should be conducive for increased selection of oncogenic mutations that can at least partially alleviate fitness defects, thereby promoting the initiation of cancers. We tested this hypothesis using mouse hematopoietic models. Our studies indicate that the dramatic decline in the fitness of aged B-lymphopoiesis coincides with altered receptor-associated kinase signaling. We further show that Bcr-Abl provides a much greater competitive advantage to old B-lymphoid progenitors compared with young progenitors, coinciding with restored kinase signaling pathways, and that this enhanced competitive advantage translates into increased promotion of Bcr-Abl-driven leukemias. Moreover, impairing IL-7-mediated signaling is sufficient to promote selection for Bcr-Abl-expressing B progenitors. These studies support an unappreciated causative link between aging and cancer: increased selection of oncogenic mutations as a result of age-dependent alterations of the fitness landscape.
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Brusnahan SK, McGuire TR, Jackson JD, Lane JT, Garvin KL, O'Kane BJ, Berger AM, Tuljapurkar SR, Kessinger MA, Sharp JG. Human blood and marrow side population stem cell and Stro-1 positive bone marrow stromal cell numbers decline with age, with an increase in quality of surviving stem cells: correlation with cytokines. Mech Ageing Dev 2010; 131:718-22. [PMID: 21035480 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2010.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Revised: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Hematological deficiencies increase with aging leading to anemias, reduced hematopoietic stress responses and myelodysplasias. This study tested the hypothesis that side population hematopoietic stem cells (SP-HSC) would decrease with aging, correlating with IGF-1 and IL-6 levels and increases in bone marrow fat. Marrow was obtained from the femoral head and trochanteric region of the femur at surgery for total hip replacement (N=100). Whole trabecular marrow samples were ground in a sterile mortar and pestle and cellularity and fat content determined. Marrow and blood mononuclear cells were stained with Hoechst dye and the SP-HSC profiles acquired. Marrow stromal cells (MSC) were enumerated flow cytometrically employing the Stro-1 antibody, and clonally in the colony forming unit fibroblast (CFU-F) assay. Plasma levels of IGF-1 (ng/ml) and IL-6 (pg/ml) were measured by ELISA. SP-HSC in blood and bone marrow decreased with age but the quality of the surviving stem cells increased. MSC decreased non-significantly. IGF-1 levels (mean=30.7, SEM=2) decreased and IL-6 levels (mean=4.4, SEM=1) increased with age as did marrow fat (mean=1.2mmfat/g, SEM=0.04). There were no significant correlations between cytokine levels or fat and SP-HSC numbers. Stem cells appear to be progressively lost with aging and only the highest quality stem cells survive.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Brusnahan
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6395, USA
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Biteau B, Karpac J, Supoyo S, DeGennaro M, Lehmann R, Jasper H. Lifespan extension by preserving proliferative homeostasis in Drosophila. PLoS Genet 2010; 6:e1001159. [PMID: 20976250 PMCID: PMC2954830 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1001159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative processes are critical to maintain tissue homeostasis in high-turnover tissues. At the same time, proliferation of stem and progenitor cells has to be carefully controlled to prevent hyper-proliferative diseases. Mechanisms that ensure this balance, thus promoting proliferative homeostasis, are expected to be critical for longevity in metazoans. The intestinal epithelium of Drosophila provides an accessible model in which to test this prediction. In aging flies, the intestinal epithelium degenerates due to over-proliferation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and mis-differentiation of ISC daughter cells, resulting in intestinal dysplasia. Here we show that conditions that impair tissue renewal lead to lifespan shortening, whereas genetic manipulations that improve proliferative homeostasis extend lifespan. These include reduced Insulin/IGF or Jun-N-terminal Kinase (JNK) signaling activities, as well as over-expression of stress-protective genes in somatic stem cell lineages. Interestingly, proliferative activity in aging intestinal epithelia correlates with longevity over a range of genotypes, with maximal lifespan when intestinal proliferation is reduced but not completely inhibited. Our results highlight the importance of the balance between regenerative processes and strategies to prevent hyperproliferative disorders and demonstrate that promoting proliferative homeostasis in aging metazoans is a viable strategy to extend lifespan. Somatic stem cells are critical for regeneration of many tissues, thus ensuring long-term maintenance of tissue function. Proliferation of stem and progenitor cells has to be limited, however, to prevent hyperproliferative diseases and cancer in aging animals. This conflict between the need for stem cell proliferative potential and cancer prevention compromises regeneration in many high-turnover tissues of aging animals, including humans. It remains to be established whether and how proliferative homeostasis can be optimized to positively influence lifespan. Our work addresses this question using fruitflies as a model, taking advantage of the recent discovery of regenerative processes in adult flies. In old flies, intestinal stem cells (ISCs) hyperproliferate, causing an accumulation of mis-differentiated daughter cells (a phenotype termed intestinal dysplasia). We show that the balance between regeneration and dysplasia in this tissue significantly influences lifespan. When ISC proliferation rates are reduced, but not completely inhibited, dysplasia is limited and lifespan is increased. This can be achieved by moderately reducing insulin and stress signaling activities, as well as by expressing protective proteins in somatic stem cell lineages. Our results show that optimizing proliferative homeostasis (i.e. limiting dysplasia, but allowing sufficient regeneration) in high-turnover tissues is an efficient strategy to extend lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Biteau
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Jason Karpac
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Stephen Supoyo
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Matthew DeGennaro
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ruth Lehmann
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Heinrich Jasper
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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