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Jenkins SV, Shruti Shah, Jamshidi-Parsian A, Mortazavi A, Kristian H, Boysen G, Vang KB, Griffin RJ, Rajaram N, Dings RP. Acquired Radiation Resistance Induces Thiol-dependent Cisplatin Cross-resistance. Radiat Res 2024; 201:174-187. [PMID: 38329819 PMCID: PMC10993299 DOI: 10.1667/rade-23-00005.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Resistance to radiation remains a significant clinical challenge in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). It is therefore important to identify the underlying molecular and cellular features that drive acquired resistance. We generated genetically matched NSCLC cell lines to investigate characteristics of acquired resistance. Murine Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) and human A549 cells acquired an approximate 1.5-2.5-fold increase in radiation resistance as compared to their parental match, which each had unique intrinsic radio-sensitivities. The radiation resistance (RR) was reflected in higher levels of DNA damage and repair marker γH2AX and reduced apoptosis induction after radiation. Morphologically, we found that radiation resistance A549 (A549-RR) cells exhibited a greater nucleus-to-cytosol (N/C) ratio as compared to its parental counterpart. Since the N/C ratio is linked to the differentiation state, we next investigated the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype and cellular plasticity. We found that A549 cells had a greater radiation-induced plasticity, as measured by E-cadherin, vimentin and double-positive (DP) modulation, as compared to LLC. Additionally, migration was suppressed in A549-RR cells, as compared to A549 cells. Subsequently, we confirmed in vivo that the LLC-RR and A549-RR cells are also more resistance to radiation than their isogenic-matched counterpart. Moreover, we found that the acquired radiation resistance also induced resistance to cisplatin, but not carboplatin or oxaliplatin. This cross-resistance was attributed to induced elevation of thiol levels. Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase inhibitor buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) sensitized the resistant cells to cisplatin by decreasing the amount of thiols to levels prior to obtaining acquired radiation resistance. By generating radiation-resistance genetically matched NSCLC we were able to identify and overcome cisplatin cross-resistance. This is an important finding arguing for combinatorial treatment regimens including glutathione pathway disruptors in patients with the potential of improving clinical outcomes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir V. Jenkins
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Shruti Shah
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Azemat Jamshidi-Parsian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Amir Mortazavi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Hailey Kristian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Gunnar Boysen
- Environment Health Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Kieng B. Vang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Robert J. Griffin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Narasimhan Rajaram
- Department for Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, University of Arkansas at Fayetteville, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701
| | - Ruud P.M. Dings
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
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Yu X, Qian J, Ding L, Yin S, Zhou L, Zheng S. Galectin-1: A Traditionally Immunosuppressive Protein Displays Context-Dependent Capacities. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076501. [PMID: 37047471 PMCID: PMC10095249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin–Carbohydrate interactions are indispensable to pathogen recognition and immune response. Galectin-1, a ubiquitously expressed 14-kDa protein with an evolutionarily conserved β-galactoside binding site, translates glycoconjugate recognition into function. That galectin-1 is demonstrated to induce T cell apoptosis has led to substantial attention to the immunosuppressive properties of this protein, such as inducing naive immune cells to suppressive phenotypes, promoting recruitment of immunosuppressing cells as well as impairing functions of cytotoxic leukocytes. However, only in recent years have studies shown that galectin-1 appears to perform a pro-inflammatory role in certain diseases. In this review, we describe the anti-inflammatory function of galectin-1 and its possible mechanisms and summarize the existing therapies and preclinical efficacy relating to these agents. In the meantime, we also discuss the potential causal factors by which galectin-1 promotes the progression of inflammation.
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Non-carbohydrate strategies to inhibit lectin proteins with special emphasis on galectins. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 222:113561. [PMID: 34146913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lectins are a family of glycan-binding proteins, many of which have been established as key targets for therapeutic intervention. They play a central role in many physiological and cellular processes. With the advances in protein crystallography, NMR spectroscopy and computational power over the past couple of decades, the carbohydrate-receptor interactions are now well understood and characterized. Nevertheless, designing efficient carbohydrate inhibitors is a laborious endeavour. They are known to have weak affinities, unsuitable pharmacokinetic properties and highly cumbersome/complex synthetic routes. To circumvent these issues many non-carbohydrate strategies have been reported. Galectins are a sub-family of lectin proteins which have been recognized as crucial targets for a wide variety of diseases. Many candidates targeting galectins are currently in advanced stages of clinical trials. There have been a few reports of non-carbohydrate inhibitors targeting galectins which comprise of peptide-based inhibitors and a recent flourish of heterocyclic inhibitors. In this review, we have briefly highlighted the strategies like fragment-based drug-design and high-throughput screens utilized to identify non-carbohydrate based antagonists for proteins wherein the presence of a sugar was believed to be essential. Additionally, we have described the literature pertaining to non-carbohydrate inhibitors of galectins and how previous reports on rational substitution of a sugar motif could aid in design of heterocyclics that inhibit lectins/galectins. We have concluded with remarks on challenges, gap in our understanding and future perspectives concerned with rational design of non-carbohydrate molecules targeting lectins/galectins.
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Miller MC, Zheng Y, Suylen D, Ippel H, Cañada FJ, Berbís MA, Jiménez-Barbero J, Tai G, Gabius HJ, Mayo KH. Targeting the CRD F-face of Human Galectin-3 and Allosterically Modulating Glycan Binding by Angiostatic PTX008 and a Structurally Optimized Derivative. ChemMedChem 2020; 16:713-723. [PMID: 33156953 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Calix[4]arene PTX008 is an angiostatic agent that inhibits tumor growth in mice by binding to galectin-1, a β-galactoside-binding lectin. To assess the affinity profile of PTX008 for galectins, we used 15 N,1 H HSQC NMR spectroscopy to show that PTX008 also binds to galectin-3 (Gal-3), albeit more weakly. We identified the contact site for PTX008 on the F-face of the Gal-3 carbohydrate recognition domain. STD NMR revealed that the hydrophobic phenyl ring crown of the calixarene is the binding epitope. With this information, we performed molecular modeling of the complex to assist in improving the rather low affinity of PTX008 for Gal-3. By removing the N-dimethyl alkyl chain amide groups, we produced PTX013 whose reduced alkyl chain length and polar character led to an approximately eightfold stronger binding than PTX008. PTX013 also binds Gal-1 more strongly than PTX008, whereas neither interacts strongly, if at all, with Gal-7. In addition, PTX013, like PTX008, is an allosteric inhibitor of galectin binding to the canonical ligand lactose. This study broadens the scope for galectin targeting by calixarene-based compounds and opens the perspective for selective galectin blocking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C Miller
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Yi Zheng
- School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Dennis Suylen
- Department of Biochemistry and CARIM, Maastricht University, 6229HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Ippel
- Department of Biochemistry and CARIM, Maastricht University, 6229HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - F Javier Cañada
- NMR and Molecular Recognition Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), C/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Alvaro Berbís
- NMR and Molecular Recognition Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), C/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- NMR and Molecular Recognition Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), C/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technological Park, Building 801 A, 48160, Derio, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 28009, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Guihua Tai
- School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximillians-University, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Kevin H Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
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Huai Y, Hossen MN, Wilhelm S, Bhattacharya R, Mukherjee P. Nanoparticle Interactions with the Tumor Microenvironment. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:2247-2263. [PMID: 31408324 PMCID: PMC6892461 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Compared to normal tissues, the tumor microenvironment (TME) has a number of aberrant characteristics including hypoxia, acidosis, and vascular abnormalities. Many researchers have sought to exploit these anomalous features of the TME to develop anticancer therapies, and several nanoparticle-based cancer therapeutics have resulted. In this Review, we discuss the composition and pathophysiology of the TME, introduce nanoparticles (NPs) used in cancer therapy, and address the interaction between the TME and NPs. Finally, we outline both the potential problems that affect TME-based nanotherapy and potential strategies to overcome these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Huai
- peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
| | - Md Nazir Hossen
- peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
| | - Stefan Wilhelm
- peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73072, United States
| | - Resham Bhattacharya
- peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
| | - Priyabrata Mukherjee
- peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
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Jenkins SV, Nedosekin DA, Shaulis BJ, Wang T, Jamshidi-Parsian A, Pollock ED, Chen J, Dings RP, Griffin RJ. Enhanced Photothermal Treatment Efficacy and Normal Tissue Protection via Vascular Targeted Gold Nanocages. Nanotheranostics 2019; 3:145-155. [PMID: 31008023 PMCID: PMC6470343 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.32395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A major challenge in photothermal treatment is generating sufficient heat to eradicate diseased tissue while sparing normal tissue. Au nanomaterials have shown promise as a means to achieve highly localized photothermal treatment. Toward that end, the synthetic peptide anginex was conjugated to Au nanocages. Anginex binds to galectin-1, which is highly expressed in dividing endothelial cells found primarily in the tumor vasculature. The skin surface temperature during a 10 min laser exposure of subcutaneous murine breast tumors did not exceed 43°C and no normal tissue damage was observed, yet a significant anti-tumor effect was observed when laser was applied 24 h post-injection of targeted nanocages. Untargeted particles showed little effect in immunocompetent, tumor-bearing mice under these conditions. Photoacoustic, photothermal, and ICP-MS mapping of harvested tissue showed distribution of particles near the vasculature throughout the tumor. This uptake pattern within the tumor combined with a minimal overall temperature rise were nonetheless sufficient to induce marked photothermal efficacy and evidence of tumor control. Importantly, this evidence suggests that bulk tumor temperature during treatment does not correlate with treatment outcome, which implies that targeted nanomedicine can be highly effective when closely bound/distributed in and around the tumor endothelium and extensive amounts of direct tumor cell binding may not be a prerequisite of effective photothermal approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir V. Jenkins
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR,✉ Corresponding author: Dr. Samir V. Jenkins, , Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham, Mail Slot #771, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Dmitry A. Nedosekin
- Department of Otolaryngology and Phillips Classic Laser and Nanomedicine Laboratories, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Barry J. Shaulis
- Trace Element and Radiogenic Isotope Lab, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR
| | - Tengjiao Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR
| | - Azemat Jamshidi-Parsian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Erik D. Pollock
- Trace Element and Radiogenic Isotope Lab, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR
| | - Jingyi Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR
| | - Ruud P.M. Dings
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Robert J. Griffin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
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7
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Hormetic dose response to L-ascorbic acid as an anti-cancer drug in colorectal cancer cell lines according to SVCT-2 expression. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11372. [PMID: 30054560 PMCID: PMC6063950 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29386-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
L-Ascorbic acid (vitamin C, AA) exhibits anti-cancer effects with high-dose treatment through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and selective damage to cancer cells. The anti-cancer effects of L-ascorbic acid are determined by sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter 2 (SVCT-2), a transporter of L-ascorbic acid. In this study, we demonstrate that L-ascorbic acid treatment showed efficient anti-cancer activity in cell lines with high expression levels of SVCT-2 for a gradient concentration of L-ascorbic acid from 10 μM −2 mM. However, in low SVCT-2 expressing cell lines, high-dose L-ascorbic acid (>1 mM) showed anti-cancer effects but low-dose (<10 μM) treatment induced cell proliferation. Such conflicting results that depend on the concentration are called a hormetic dose response. A hormetic dose response to low-dose L-ascorbic acid was also observed in high SVCT-2 expressing cell lines in the presence of a SVCT family inhibitor. Insufficient uptake of L-ascorbic acid in low SVCT-2 expressing cancer cell lines cannot generate sufficient ROS to kill cancer cells, resulting in the hormetic response. Molecular analysis confirmed the increased expression of cancer proliferation markers in the hormetic dose response. These results suggest that L-ascorbic exhibits a biphasic effect in cancer cells depending on SVCT-2 expression.
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Zhao K, Yang S, Geng J, Gong X, Gong W, Shen L, Ning B. Combination of anginex gene therapy and radiation decelerates the growth and pulmonary metastasis of human osteosarcoma xenografts. Cancer Med 2018; 7:2518-2529. [PMID: 29659181 PMCID: PMC6010866 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigate whether rAAV-anginex gene therapy combined with radiotherapy could decrease growth and pulmonary metastasis of osteosarcoma in mice and examine the mechanisms involved in this therapeutic strategy. During in vitro experiment, multiple treatment regimes (rAAV-eGFP, radiotherapy, rAAV-anginex, combination therapy) were applied to determine effects on proliferation of endothelial cells (ECs) and G-292 osteosarcoma cells. During in vivo analysis, the same multiple treatment regimes were applied to osteosarcoma tumor-bearing mice. Use microcomputed tomography to evaluate tumor size. Eight weeks after tumor cell inoculation, immunohistochemistry was used to assess the therapeutic efficacy according to microvessel density (MVD), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assays. Metastasis of lungs was also evaluated by measuring number of metastatic nodules and wet weight of metastases. The proliferation of ECs and the tumor volumes in combination therapy group were inhibited more effectively than the other three groups at end point (P < 0.05). Cell clone assay showed anginex had radiosensitization effect on ECs. Immunohistochemistry showed tumors from mice treated with combination therapy exhibited the lowest MVD and proliferation rate, with highest apoptosis rate, as confirmed by IHC staining for CD34 and PCNA and TUNEL assays (P < 0.05). Combination therapy also induced the fewest metastatic nodules and lowest wet weights of the lungs (P < 0.05). rAAV-anginex combined with radiotherapy induced apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells and inhibited tumor growth and pulmonary metastasis on the experimental osteosarcoma models. We conclude that the primary mechanism of this process may be due to sensitizing effect of anginex to radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhao
- Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong UniversityNo. 105, Jiefang RoadJinan250013ShandongChina
| | - Shang‐You Yang
- Department of Surgery, OrthopedicsUniversity of Kansas School of Medicine‐WichitaWichita67214Kansas
| | - Jun Geng
- Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong UniversityNo. 105, Jiefang RoadJinan250013ShandongChina
| | - Xuan Gong
- Department of Surgery, OrthopedicsUniversity of Kansas School of Medicine‐WichitaWichita67214Kansas
| | - Weiming Gong
- Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong UniversityNo. 105, Jiefang RoadJinan250013ShandongChina
| | - Lin Shen
- Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong UniversityNo. 105, Jiefang RoadJinan250013ShandongChina
| | - Bin Ning
- Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong UniversityNo. 105, Jiefang RoadJinan250013ShandongChina
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Dings RPM, Miller MC, Griffin RJ, Mayo KH. Galectins as Molecular Targets for Therapeutic Intervention. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19030905. [PMID: 29562695 PMCID: PMC5877766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins are a family of small, highly conserved, molecular effectors that mediate various biological processes, including chemotaxis and angiogenesis, and that function by interacting with various cell surface glycoconjugates, usually targeting β-galactoside epitopes. Because of their significant involvement in various biological functions and pathologies, galectins have become a focus of therapeutic discovery for clinical intervention against cancer, among other pathological disorders. In this review, we focus on understanding galectin structure-function relationships, their mechanisms of action on the molecular level, and targeting them for therapeutic intervention against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruud P M Dings
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| | - Michelle C Miller
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Robert J Griffin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| | - Kevin H Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Koonce NA, Griffin RJ, Dings RPM. Galectin-1 Inhibitor OTX008 Induces Tumor Vessel Normalization and Tumor Growth Inhibition in Human Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Models. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122671. [PMID: 29232825 PMCID: PMC5751273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-1 is a hypoxia-regulated protein and a prognostic marker in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Here we assessed the ability of non-peptidic galectin-1 inhibitor OTX008 to improve tumor oxygenation levels via tumor vessel normalization as well as tumor growth inhibition in two human HNSCC tumor models, the human laryngeal squamous carcinoma SQ20B and the human epithelial type 2 HEp-2. Tumor-bearing mice were treated with OTX008, Anginex, or Avastin and oxygen levels were determined by fiber-optics and molecular marker pimonidazole binding. Immuno-fluorescence was used to determine vessel normalization status. Continued OTX008 treatment caused a transient reoxygenation in SQ20B tumors peaking on day 14, while a steady increase in tumor oxygenation was observed over 21 days in the HEp-2 model. A >50% decrease in immunohistochemical staining for tumor hypoxia verified the oxygenation data measured using a partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) probe. Additionally, OTX008 induced tumor vessel normalization as tumor pericyte coverage increased by approximately 40% without inducing any toxicity. Moreover, OTX008 inhibited tumor growth as effectively as Anginex and Avastin, except in the HEp-2 model where Avastin was found to suspend tumor growth. Galectin-1 inhibitor OTX008 transiently increased overall tumor oxygenation via vessel normalization to various degrees in both HNSCC models. These findings suggest that targeting galectin-1—e.g., by OTX008—may be an effective approach to treat cancer patients as stand-alone therapy or in combination with other standards of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A Koonce
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
- National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
| | - Robert J Griffin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| | - Ruud P M Dings
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
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Jenkins SV, Nedosekin DA, Miller EK, Zharov VP, Dings RPM, Chen J, Griffin RJ. Galectin-1-based tumour-targeting for gold nanostructure-mediated photothermal therapy. Int J Hyperthermia 2017; 34:19-29. [PMID: 28540812 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2017.1317845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To demonstrate delivery of Au nanocages to cells using the galectin-1 binding peptide anginex (Ax) and to demonstrate the value of this targeting for selective in vitro photothermal cell killing. MATERIALS AND METHODS Au nanocages were synthesised, coated with polydopamine (PDA), and conjugated with Ax. Tumour and endothelial cell viability was measured with and without laser irradiation. Photoacoustic (PA) mapping and PA flow cytometry were used to confirm cell targeting in vitro and in tissue slices ex vivo. RESULTS Cell viability was maintained at ≥50% at 100 pM suggesting low toxicity of the nanocage alone. Combining the targeted construct (25 pM) with low power 808 nm laser irradiation for 10-20 min (a duration previously shown to induce rapid and sustained heating of Au nanocages [AuNC] in solution), resulted in over 50% killing of endothelial and tumour cells. In contrast, the untargeted construct combined with laser irradiation resulted in negligible cell killing. We estimate approximately 6 × 104 peptides were conjugated to each nanocage, which also resulted in inhibition of cell migration. Binding of the targeted nanocage reached a plateau after three hours, and cell association was 20-fold higher than non-targeted nanocages both in vitro and ex vivo on tumour tissue slices. A threefold increase in tumour accumulation was observed in preliminary in vivo studies. CONCLUSIONS These studies demonstrate Ax's potential as an effective targeting agent for Au-based theranostics to tumour and endothelial cells, enabling photothermal killing. This platform further suggests potential for multimodal in vivo therapy via next-generation drug-loaded nanocages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dmitry A Nedosekin
- b Otolaryngology and Phillips Classic Laser and Nanomedicine Laboratories , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA
| | - Emily K Miller
- c Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , AR , USA
| | - Vladimir P Zharov
- b Otolaryngology and Phillips Classic Laser and Nanomedicine Laboratories , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA
| | | | - Jingyi Chen
- c Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , AR , USA
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Long-Acting Injections and Implants. Drug Deliv 2016. [DOI: 10.1201/9781315382579-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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13
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Cagnoni AJ, Pérez Sáez JM, Rabinovich GA, Mariño KV. Turning-Off Signaling by Siglecs, Selectins, and Galectins: Chemical Inhibition of Glycan-Dependent Interactions in Cancer. Front Oncol 2016; 6:109. [PMID: 27242953 PMCID: PMC4865499 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation, a common feature associated with malignancy, has been implicated in important events during cancer progression. Our understanding of the role of glycans in cancer has grown exponentially in the last few years, concurrent with important advances in glycomics and glycoproteomic technologies, paving the way for the validation of a number of glycan structures as potential glycobiomarkers. However, the molecular bases underlying cancer-associated glycan modifications are still far from understood. Glycans exhibit a natural heterogeneity, crucial for their diverse functional roles as specific carriers of biologically relevant information. This information is decoded by families of proteins named lectins, including sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin (Ig)-like lectins (siglecs), C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), and galectins. Siglecs are primarily expressed on the surface of immune cells and differentially control innate and adaptive immune responses. Among CLRs, selectins are a family of cell adhesion molecules that mediate interactions between cancer cells and platelets, leukocytes, and endothelial cells, thus facilitating tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Galectins, a family of soluble proteins that bind β-galactoside-containing glycans, have been implicated in diverse events associated with cancer biology such as apoptosis, homotypic cell aggregation, angiogenesis, cell migration, and tumor-immune escape. Consequently, individual members of these lectin families have become promising targets for the design of novel anticancer therapies. During the past decade, a number of inhibitors of lectin–glycan interactions have been developed including small-molecule inhibitors, multivalent saccharide ligands, and more recently peptides and peptidomimetics have offered alternatives for tackling tumor progression. In this article, we review the current status of the discovery and development of chemical lectin inhibitors and discuss novel strategies to limit cancer progression by targeting lectin–glycan interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro J Cagnoni
- Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional y Molecular, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan M Pérez Sáez
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karina V Mariño
- Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional y Molecular, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Buenos Aires , Argentina
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14
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Ma K, Wang C, Geng Q, Fan Y, Ning J, Yang H, Dong X, Dong D, Guo Y, Wei X, Li E, Wu Y. Recombinant adeno-associated virus-delivered anginex inhibits angiogenesis and growth of HUVECs by regulating the Akt, JNK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:3505-13. [PMID: 27035232 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Anginex is an artificial synthetic small molecule β-sheet-forming peptide shown to have anti-angiogenesis and antitumor effects in various solid tumors. However, its molecular mechanism remains largely unclear and efficient delivery methods for anginex remains to be developed. We report on the development of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV2)-delivered anginex and the underlying mechanism of anti-angiogenesis and antitumor effects of anginex. We have successfully developed the rAAV2 vector to efficiently express anginex (rAAV2‑anginex). Transduction of rAAV2-anginex significantly induced apoptosis, and inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro. Western blot analysis revealed that rAAV2‑anginex inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt, while inducing the phosphorylation of JNK and activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. In an in vivo CAM assay and xenograft model of SKOV3, rAAV2-anginex significantly reduced microvessel density (MVD) and vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF165), as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry analysis. Importantly, rAAV2-anginex inhibited tumor growth in an ovarian cancer SKOV3 cell nude mouse xenograft model. Our results suggest that rAAV2-anginex may inhibit tumor angiogenesis and growth through regulating Akt, JNK and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Chuying Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Geng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yangwei Fan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jing Ning
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Haixia Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xuyuan Dong
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Danfeng Dong
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yuyan Guo
- Department of Medical Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shaanxi Province People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Enxiao Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yinying Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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15
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Hegedüs Z, Makra I, Imre N, Hetényi A, Mándity IM, Monostori É, Martinek TA. Foldameric probes for membrane interactions by induced β-sheet folding. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:1891-4. [PMID: 26672754 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc09257d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Design strategies were devised for α/β-peptide foldameric analogues of the antiangiogenic anginex with the goal of mimicking the diverse structural features from the unordered conformation to a folded β-sheet in response to membrane interactions. Structure-activity relationships were investigated in the light of different β-sheet folding levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Hegedüs
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, SZTE-MTA Lendület Foldamer Research Group, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Ildikó Makra
- Lymphocyte Signal Transduction Laboratory, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Norbert Imre
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, SZTE-MTA Lendület Foldamer Research Group, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Anasztázia Hetényi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - István M Mándity
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Éva Monostori
- Lymphocyte Signal Transduction Laboratory, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás A Martinek
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, SZTE-MTA Lendület Foldamer Research Group, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
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16
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Läppchen T, Dings RP, Rossin R, Simon JF, Visser TJ, Bakker M, Walhe P, van Mourik T, Donato K, van Beijnum JR, Griffioen AW, Lub J, Robillard MS, Mayo KH, Grüll H. Novel analogs of antitumor agent calixarene 0118: Synthesis, cytotoxicity, click labeling with 2-[18F]fluoroethylazide, and in vivo evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 89:279-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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17
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Cabrele C, Martinek TA, Reiser O, Berlicki Ł. Peptides Containing β-Amino Acid Patterns: Challenges and Successes in Medicinal Chemistry. J Med Chem 2014; 57:9718-39. [DOI: 10.1021/jm5010896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cabrele
- Department
of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Billrothstrasse 11, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tamás A. Martinek
- SZTE-MTA
Lendulet Foldamer Research Group, Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Szeged, Somogyi u. 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Łukasz Berlicki
- Department
of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
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18
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Kuo P, Bratman SV, Shultz DB, von Eyben R, Chan C, Wang Z, Say C, Gupta A, Loo BW, Giaccia AJ, Koong AC, Diehn M, Le QT. Galectin-1 mediates radiation-related lymphopenia and attenuates NSCLC radiation response. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:5558-69. [PMID: 25189484 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-1138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiotherapy can result in lymphopenia, which has been linked to poorer survival. Here, we test the hypothesis that radiotherapy-induced lymphopenia is mediated by a tumor-secreted factor, Galectin-1 (Gal-1), which possesses T-cell proapoptotic activities. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Matched Gal-1 wild-type (WT) or null mice were implanted with Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC-1) that either expressed Gal-1 or had Gal-1 stably downregulated. Tumors were irradiated locally and circulating Gal-1 and T cells were measured. Tumor growth, lung metastasis, intratumoral T-cell apoptosis, and microvessel density count were quantified. Thiodigalactoside (TDG), a Gal-1 inhibitor, was used to inhibit Gal-1 function in another group of mice to validate the observations noted with Gal-1 downregulation. Lymphocyte counts, survival, and plasma Gal-1 were analyzed in cohorts of radiotherapy-treated lung [non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)] and head and neck cancer patients. RESULTS LLC irradiation increased Gal-1 secretion and decreased circulating T cells in mice, regardless of host Gal-1 expression. Inhibition of tumor Gal-1 with either shRNA or thiodigalactoside ablated radiotherapy-induced lymphopenia. Irradiated shGal-1 tumors showed significantly less intratumoral CD8(+) T-cell apoptosis and microvessel density, which led to marked tumor growth delay and reduced lung metastasis compared with controls. Similar observations were made after thiodigalactoside treatment. Radiotherapy-induced lymphopenia was associated with poorer overall survival in patients with NSCLC treated with hypofractionated radiotherapy. Plasma Gal-1 increased whereas T-cell decreased after radiation in another group of patients. CONCLUSIONS Radiotherapy-related systemic lymphopenia appeared to be mediated by radiotherapy-induced tumor Gal-1 secretion that could lead to tumor progression through intratumoral immune suppression and enhanced angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiwen Kuo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Scott V Bratman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - David B Shultz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Rie von Eyben
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Cato Chan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Ziwei Wang
- University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Carmen Say
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Aparna Gupta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Bill W Loo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Amato J Giaccia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Albert C Koong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Maximilian Diehn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Quynh-Thu Le
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
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19
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Hegedüs Z, Wéber E, Kriston-Pál É, Makra I, Czibula Á, Monostori É, Martinek TA. Foldameric α/β-peptide analogs of the β-sheet-forming antiangiogenic anginex: structure and bioactivity. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:16578-84. [PMID: 24088182 DOI: 10.1021/ja408054f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The principles of β-sheet folding and design for α-peptidic sequences are well established, while those for sheet mimetics containing homologated amino acid building blocks are still under investigation. To reveal the structure-function relations of β-amino-acid-containing foldamers, we followed a top-down approach to study a series of α/β-peptidic analogs of anginex, a β-sheet-forming antiangiogenic peptide. Eight anginex analogs were developed by systematic α → β(3) substitutions and analyzed by using NMR and CD spectroscopy. The foldamers retained the β-sheet tendency, though with a decreased folding propensity. β-Sheet formation could be induced by a micellar environment, similarly to that of the parent peptide. The destructuring effect was higher when the α → β(3) exchange was located in the β-sheet core. Analysis of the β-sheet stability versus substitution pattern and the local conformational bias of the bulky β(3)V and β(3)I residues revealed that a mismatch between the H-bonding preferences of the α- and β-residues played a minor role in the structure-breaking effect. Temperature-dependent CD and NMR measurements showed that the hydrophobic stabilization was scaled-down for the α/β-peptides. Analysis of the biological activity of the foldamer peptides showed that four anginex derivatives dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation of a mouse endothelial cell line. The α → β(3) substitution strategy applied in this work can be a useful approach to the construction of bioactive β-sheet mimetics with a reduced aggregation tendency and improved pharmacokinetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Hegedüs
- SZTE-MTA Lendulet Foldamer Research Group, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged , Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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20
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Dings RPM, Levine JI, Brown SG, Astorgues-Xerri L, MacDonald JR, Hoye TR, Raymond E, Mayo KH. Polycationic calixarene PTX013, a potent cytotoxic agent against tumors and drug resistant cancer. Invest New Drugs 2013; 31:1142-50. [PMID: 23392775 PMCID: PMC4242102 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-013-9932-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we reported on the anti-tumor activities of two designed calix[4]arene-based topomimetics (PTX008 and PTX009) of the amphipathic, angiostatic peptide Anginex. Here, we chemically modified the hydrophobic and hydrophilic faces of PTX008 and PTX009, and discovered new calixarene compounds that are more potent, cytotoxic anti-tumor agents. One of them, PTX013, is particularly effective at inhibiting the growth of several human cancer cell lines, as well as drug resistant cancer cells. Mechanistically, PTX013 induces cell cycle arrest in sub-G1 and G0/G1 phases of e.g. SQ20B cells, a radio-resistant human head and neck carcinoma model. In the syngeneic B16F10 melanoma tumor mouse model, PTX013 (0.5 mg/Kg) inhibits tumor growth by about 50-fold better than parent PTX008. A preliminary pharmacodynamics study strongly suggests that PTX013 exhibits good in vivo exposure and a relatively long half-life. Overall, this research contributes to the discovery of novel therapeutics as potentially useful agents against cancer in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruud P. M. Dings
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics,
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Joseph I. Levine
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics,
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
55455, USA
| | - Susan G. Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
55455, USA
| | - Lucile Astorgues-Xerri
- INSERM U728 and Department of Medical Oncology, Beaujon University
Hospital, (AP-HP – PRES Paris 7 Diderot), 100 bd du
Général Leclerc, 92110 Paris-Clichy, France
| | | | - Thomas R. Hoye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
55455, USA
| | - Eric Raymond
- INSERM U728 and Department of Medical Oncology, Beaujon University
Hospital, (AP-HP – PRES Paris 7 Diderot), 100 bd du
Général Leclerc, 92110 Paris-Clichy, France
| | - Kevin H. Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics,
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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21
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Ito K, Stannard K, Gabutero E, Clark AM, Neo SY, Onturk S, Blanchard H, Ralph SJ. Galectin-1 as a potent target for cancer therapy: role in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2013; 31:763-78. [PMID: 22706847 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-012-9388-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The microenvironment of a tumor is a highly complex milieu, primarily characterized by immunosuppression, abnormal angiogenesis, and hypoxic regions. These features promote tumor progression and metastasis, resulting in poor prognosis and greater resistance to existing cancer therapies. Galectin-1 is a β-galactoside binding protein that is abundantly secreted by almost all types of malignant tumor cells. The expression of galectin-1 is regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and it plays vital pro-tumorigenic roles within the tumor microenvironment. In particular, galectin-1 suppresses T cell-mediated cytotoxic immune responses and promotes tumor angiogenesis. However, since galectin-1 displays many different activities by binding to a number of diverse N- or O-glycan modified target proteins, it has been difficult to fully understand how galectin-1 supports tumor growth and metastasis. This review explores the importance of galectin-1 and glycan expression patterns in the tumor microenvironment and the potential effects of inhibiting galectin-1 as a therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Ito
- School of Medical Science, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Parklands Drive, Southport, Queensland 4222, Australia.
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22
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Blood outgrowth endothelial cells increase tumor growth rates and modify tumor physiology: relevance for therapeutic targeting. Cancers (Basel) 2013; 5:205-17. [PMID: 24216704 PMCID: PMC3730307 DOI: 10.3390/cancers5010205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2013] [Revised: 01/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell precursors from human peripheral blood have been shown to home to areas of neovascularization and may assist tumor growth by increasing or fortifying blood vessel growth. In the present study, the influence of these cells on tumor growth and physiology was investigated and the role of these cells as a therapeutic target or in determining treatment sensitivity was tested. After isolation from human blood and expansion in vitro, actively growing cells with verified endothelial phenotype (Blood Outgrowth Endothelial Cell, BOEC) were injected i.v. into tumor bearing mice for three consecutive days. The growth rate was significantly enhanced in relatively small RERF human lung tumors (i.e., less than 150 mm3) grown in immunocompromised mice by an average of 1.5-fold while it had no effect when injections were given to animals bearing larger tumors. There were no signs of toxicity or unwanted systemic effects. We also observed evidence of increased perfusion, vessel number, response to 15 Gy radiation and oxygenation in RERF tumors of animals injected with BOECs compared to control tumors. In addition, FSaII murine fibrosarcoma tumors were found to grow faster upon injection of BOECs. When FSaII tumors were subjected to a partial thermal ablation treatment using high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) there was consistently elevated detection of fluorescently labeled and i.v. injected endothelial precursors in the tumor when analyzed with optical imaging and/or histological preparations. Importantly, we also observed that BOECs treated with the novel anti-angiogenic peptide anginex in-vitro, show decreased proliferation and increased sensitivity to radiation. In vivo, the normal increase in FSaII tumor growth induced by injected BOECs was blunted by the addition of anginex treatment. It appears that endothelial precursors may significantly contribute to tumor vessel growth, tumor progression and/or repair of tumor damage and may improve the oxygenation and subsequent radiation response of tumors. We surmise that these cells are preferentially stimulated to divide in the tumor microenvironment, thereby inducing the significant increase in tumor growth observed and that the use of injected BOECs could be a viable approach to modulate the tumor microenvironment for therapeutic gain. Conversely, agents or approaches to block their recruitment and integration of BOECs into primary or metastatic lesions may be an effective way to restrain cancer progression before or after other treatments are applied.
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23
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Dings RPM, Kumar N, Miller MC, Loren M, Rangwala H, Hoye TR, Mayo KH. Structure-based optimization of angiostatic agent 6DBF7, an allosteric antagonist of galectin-1. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2012; 344:589-99. [PMID: 23232447 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.112.199646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-1 (gal-1), which binds β-galactoside groups on various cell surface receptors, is crucial to cell adhesion and migration, and is found to be elevated in several cancers. Previously, we reported on 6DBF7, a dibenzofuran (DBF)-based peptidomimetic of the gal-1 antagonist anginex. In the present study, we used a structure-based approach to optimize 6DBF7. Initial NMR studies showed that 6DBF7 binds to gal-1 on one side of the β-sandwich away from the lectin's carbohydrate binding site. Although an alanine scan of 6DBF7 showed that the two cationic groups (lysines) in the partial peptide are crucial to its angiostatic activity, it is the hydrophobic face of the amphipath that appears to interact directly with the surface of gal-1. Based on this structural information, we designed and tested additional DBF analogs. In particular, substitution of the C-terminal Asp for alanine and branched alkyl side chains (Val, Leu, Ile) for linear ones (Nle, Nva) rendered the greatest improvements in activity. Flow cytometry with gal-1(-/-) splenocytes showed that 6DBF7 and two of its more potent analogs (DB16 and DB21) can fully inhibit fluorescein isothiocyanate-gal-1 binding. Moreover, heteronuclear single-quantum coherence NMR titrations showed that the presence of DB16 decreases gal-1 affinity for lactose, indicating that the peptidomimetic targets gal-1 as a noncompetitive, allosteric inhibitor of glycan binding. Using tumor mouse models (B16F10 melanoma, LS174 lung, and MA148 ovarian), we found that DB21 inhibits tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth significantly better than 6DBF7, DB16, or anginex. DB21 is currently being developed further and holds promise for the management of human cancer in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruud P M Dings
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, 321 Church Street, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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24
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Wang JB, Wang MD, Li EX, Dong DF. Advances and prospects of anginex as a promising anti-angiogenesis and anti-tumor agent. Peptides 2012; 38:457-62. [PMID: 22985857 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Anginex, a novel artificial cytokine-like peptide (βpep-25), is designed by using basic folding principles and incorporating short sequences from the β-sheet domains of anti-angiogenic agents, including platelet factor-4 (PF4), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and bactericidal-permeability increasing protein 1 (BP1). Anginex can specially block the adhesion and migration of the angiogenically activated endothelial cells (ECs), leading to apoptosis and ultimately to the inhibition of angiogenesis and tumor growth. In vitro and in vivo studies have proved its inhibitory effects on the formation of new blood vessels and tumor growth even though the mechanism is not clear. The inhibitory effects of anginex can be enhanced when it is applied in combination with other therapies, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy and other anti-angiogenic agents. The limitations of anginex, including poor stability, short half life, complicated synthesis and low purity, have been conquered by modifying its structure or designing novel compound anginex and recombinant anginex, which makes possible the clinical application of anginex. Here, we summarize the basic and preclinical trials of anginex and discuss the prospects of anginex in clinical application. We come to the conclusion that anginex and compound or recombinant anginex can be used as effective anti-angiogenic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Bo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
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25
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Kim HJ, Jeon HK, Cho YJ, Park YA, Choi JJ, Do IG, Song SY, Lee YY, Choi CH, Kim TJ, Bae DS, Lee JW, Kim BG. High galectin-1 expression correlates with poor prognosis and is involved in epithelial ovarian cancer proliferation and invasion. Eur J Cancer 2012; 48:1914-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2012.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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26
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Dings RPM, Miller MC, Nesmelova I, Astorgues-Xerri L, Kumar N, Serova M, Chen X, Raymond E, Hoye TR, Mayo KH. Antitumor agent calixarene 0118 targets human galectin-1 as an allosteric inhibitor of carbohydrate binding. J Med Chem 2012; 55:5121-9. [PMID: 22575017 DOI: 10.1021/jm300014q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Calix[4]arene compound 0118 is an angiostatic agent that inhibits tumor growth in mice. Although 0118 is a topomimetic of galectin-1-targeting angiostatic amphipathic peptide Anginex, we had yet to prove that 0118 targets galectin-1. Galectin-1 is involved in pathological disorders like tumor endothelial cell adhesion and migration and therefore presents a relevant target for therapeutic intervention against cancer. Here, (15)N-(1)H HSQC NMR spectroscopy demonstrates that 0118 indeed targets galectin-1 at a site away from the lectin's carbohydrate binding site and thereby attenuates lactose binding to the lectin. Flow cytometry and agglutination assays show that 0118 attenuates binding of galectin-1 to cell surface glycans, and the inhibition of cell proliferation by 0118 is found to be correlated with the cellular expression of the lectin. In general, our data indicate that 0118 targets galectin-1 as an allosteric inhibitor of glycan/carbohydrate binding. This work contributes to the clinical development of antitumor calixarene compound 0118.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruud P M Dings
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota Health Sciences Center, 6-155 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Mayo KH. From Carbohydrate to Peptidomimetic Inhibitors of Galectins. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2012-1115.ch003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin H. Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, 6-155 Jackson Hall, University of Minnesota, 321 Church Street, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
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28
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Klyosov AA, Traber PG. Galectins in Disease and Potential Therapeutic Approaches. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2012-1115.ch001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anatole A. Klyosov
- Galectin Therapeutics, Inc., 4960 Peachtree Industrial Blvd., Suite 240, Norcross, Georgia 30071
| | - Peter G. Traber
- Galectin Therapeutics, Inc., 4960 Peachtree Industrial Blvd., Suite 240, Norcross, Georgia 30071
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29
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Belotti D, Foglieni C, Resovi A, Giavazzi R, Taraboletti G. Targeting angiogenesis with compounds from the extracellular matrix. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2011; 43:1674-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2011.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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30
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Apana SM, Griffin RJ, Koonce NA, Webber JS, Dings RPM, Mayo KH, Berridge MS. Synthesis of [18F]anginex with high specific activity [18F]fluorobenzaldehyde for targeting angiogenic activity in solid tumors. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott M. Apana
- 3D Imaging, LLC; Cyclotron Suite Rm PS010, UAMS Radiology #556, 4301 W. Markham Street; Little Rock; AR; 72205-7199; USA
| | - Robert J. Griffin
- Department of Radiation Oncology; University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences; Little Rock; AR; USA
| | - Nathan A. Koonce
- Department of Radiation Oncology; University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences; Little Rock; AR; USA
| | - Jessica S. Webber
- Department of Radiation Oncology; University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences; Little Rock; AR; USA
| | - Ruud P. M. Dings
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis; MN; USA
| | - Kevin H. Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis; MN; USA
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31
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Ito K, Scott SA, Cutler S, Dong LF, Neuzil J, Blanchard H, Ralph SJ. Thiodigalactoside inhibits murine cancers by concurrently blocking effects of galectin-1 on immune dysregulation, angiogenesis and protection against oxidative stress. Angiogenesis 2011; 14:293-307. [PMID: 21523436 PMCID: PMC3155035 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-011-9213-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 04/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells produce galectin-1 as a tumor promoting protein. Thiodigalactoside (TDG) as a non-metabolised small drug, is shown to suppress tumor growth by inhibiting multiple cancer enhancing activities of galectin-1, including immune cell dysregulation, angiogenesis and protection against oxidative stress. Thus, using B16F10 melanoma and 4T1 orthotopic breast cancer models, intratumoral injection of TDG significantly raised the levels of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ lymphocytes and reduced CD31+ endothelial cell content, reducing tumor growth. TDG treatment of tumors in Balb/c nude mice (defective in T cell immunity) reduced angiogenesis and slowed tumor growth by a third less than in immunocompetent mice. Knocking down galectin-1 expression (G1KD) in both cancer cell types significantly impeded tumor growth and the sensitivity of the G1KD tumors to TDG was severely reduced, highlighting a specific role for galectin-1. Endothelial cells were protected by galectin-1 from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis induced by H2O2, but TDG inhibited this antioxidant protective effect of galectin-1 and reduced tube forming activity in angiogenic assays. We show for the first time that the single agent, TDG, concurrently prevents many tumor promoting effects of galectin-1 on angiogenesis, immune dysregulation and protection against oxidative stress, providing a potent and novel small molecule as an anti-cancer drug.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacokinetics
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/immunology
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Female
- Galectin 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Galectin 1/genetics
- Galectin 1/immunology
- Galectin 1/metabolism
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Immunity, Cellular/drug effects
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/immunology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Thiogalactosides/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Ito
- School of Medical Science, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD 4222 Australia
| | - Stacy A. Scott
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Southport, QLD Australia
| | - Samuel Cutler
- School of Medical Science, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD 4222 Australia
| | - Lan-Feng Dong
- School of Medical Science, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD 4222 Australia
| | - Jiri Neuzil
- School of Medical Science, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD 4222 Australia
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helen Blanchard
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Southport, QLD Australia
| | - Stephen J. Ralph
- School of Medical Science, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD 4222 Australia
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32
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Dings RPM, Loren ML, Zhang Y, Mikkelson S, Mayo KH, Corry P, Griffin RJ. Tumour thermotolerance, a physiological phenomenon involving vessel normalisation. Int J Hyperthermia 2011; 27:42-52. [PMID: 21204622 DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2010.510495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to delineate the mechanisms by which stromal components of cancer may induce tumour thermotolerance and exploit alterations in stromal and tumour physiology to enhance radiation therapy. The vascular thermoresponse was monitored by daily one-hour 41.5°C heatings in two murine solid tumour models, SCK murine mammary carcinoma and B16F10 melanoma. A transient increase was seen in overall tumour oxygenation for 2-3 days, followed by a progressive decline in tumour pO(2) upon continued daily heatings. Vascular thermotolerance was further studied by treating tumours with different heating strategies, i.e. (1) a single 60 min 41.5°C treatment; (2) two consecutive daily treatments of 41.5°C for 60 min; (3) a single 60 min 43°C treatment or (4) two days of 41.5°C for 60 min followed by treatment with 43°C for 60 min on the third day. Pre-heating tumours with mild temperature hyperthermia induced vascular thermotolerance, which was accompanied by evidence of vessel normalisation, i.e. a decrease in microvessel density and an increase in pericyte coverage. Rational scheduling of fractionated radiation during heat-induced increases in tumour oxygen levels rendered a significantly greater, synergistic, tumour growth inhibition. In vitro clonogenic survival responses of the individual cell types associated (endothelial cells, fibroblasts, pericytes and tumour cells) indicated only a direct cellular thermotolerance in endothelial cells. Overall, this suggests that tumour thermotolerance is a physiological phenomenon mediated through improvement of functional vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruud P M Dings
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
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33
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Dings RPM, Van Laar ES, Loren M, Webber J, Zhang Y, Waters SJ, Macdonald JR, Mayo KH. Inhibiting tumor growth by targeting tumor vasculature with galectin-1 antagonist anginex conjugated to the cytotoxic acylfulvene, 6-hydroxylpropylacylfulvene. Bioconjug Chem 2010; 21:20-7. [PMID: 20020769 DOI: 10.1021/bc900287y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Targeted delivery of therapeutic drugs promises to become the norm to treat cancer. Here, we conjugated the cytotoxic agent 6-hydroxypropylacylfulvene (HPAF) to anginex, a peptide that targets galectin-1, which is highly expressed in endothelial cells of tumor vessels. In a human ovarian cancer model in mice, the conjugate inhibited tumor growth better than equivalent doses of either compound alone. Immunofluorescence on tumor tissue demonstrated that the conjugate, like parent anginex, selectively targeted tumor vasculature and inhibited tumor angiogenesis. Increased activity from the conjugate further suggests that HPAF retains at least some of its normal cytotoxic activity when linked to anginex. More importantly perhaps is the observation that the conjugate abrogates apparent systemic toxicity from treatment with HPAF. This work contributes to the development of tumor vascular targeting agents against cancer in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruud P M Dings
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, USA
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34
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van Wijk XMR, Oosterhof A, van den Broek SAMW, Griffioen AW, ten Dam GB, Rutjes FPJT, van Delft FL, van Kuppevelt TH. A 4-deoxy analogue of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine inhibits heparan sulphate expression and growth factor binding in vitro. Exp Cell Res 2010; 316:2504-12. [PMID: 20433828 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2010] [Revised: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 04/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Heparan sulphate (HS) is a long, linear polysaccharide, which has a basic backbone of -beta1-4GlcA-alpha1-4GlcNAc- units. The involvement of HS in many steps of tumourigenesis, including growth and angiogenesis, makes it an appealing target for cancer therapy. To target the biosynthesis of HS by interfering with its chain elongation, a 4-deoxy analogue of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (4-deoxy-GlcNAc) was synthesized. Using immunocytochemistry and agarose gel electrophoresis it was shown that incubation with the 4-deoxysugar resulted in a dose dependent reduction of HS expression of MV3 melanoma cells, 1 mM resulting in an almost nullified HS expression. The parent sugar GlcNAc had no effect. 4-deoxysugar treated cells were viable and proliferated at the same rate as control cells. Other glycan structures appeared to be only mildly affected, as staining by various lectins was generally not or only modestly inhibited. At 1 mM of the 4-deoxysugar, the capacity of cells to bind the HS-dependent pro-angiogenic growth factors FGF-2 and VEGF was greatly compromised. Using an in vitro angiogenesis assay, 4-deoxysugar treated endothelial cells showed a sharp reduction of FGF-2-induced sprout formation. Combined, these data indicate that an inexpensive, easily synthesized, water-soluble monosaccharide analogue can interfere with HS expression and pro-angiogenic growth factor binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xander M R van Wijk
- Department of Biochemistry, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 26-28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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35
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Dong DF, Li EX, Wang JB, Wu YY, Shi F, Guo JJ, Wu Y, Liu JP, Liu SX, Yang GX. Anti-angiogenesis and anti-tumor effects of AdNT4-anginex. Cancer Lett 2009; 285:218-24. [PMID: 19540664 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2008] [Revised: 05/16/2009] [Accepted: 05/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Anginex is a novel artificial peptide that can inhibit angiogenesis. AdNT4-anginex was constructed by inserting the artificial anginex gene into a recombinant adenoviral vector. We demonstrated that AdNT4-anginex inhibited migration of human endothelial cells, angiogenesis and tumor growth in in vitro and in vivo studies. Tumor growth of human H22 hepatoma in mice was inhibited after AdNT4-anginex treatment for 4 weeks, and a significant decrease in tumor size was observed as compared with the control group. Overall, these studies indicate that AdNT4-anginex is an effective anti-tumor agent, and deserves more attention and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Feng Dong
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
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36
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Dings RPM, Van Laar ES, Webber J, Zhang Y, Griffin RJ, Waters SJ, MacDonald JR, Mayo KH. Ovarian tumor growth regression using a combination of vascular targeting agents anginex or topomimetic 0118 and the chemotherapeutic irofulven. Cancer Lett 2008; 265:270-80. [PMID: 18378392 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2007] [Revised: 02/08/2008] [Accepted: 02/12/2008] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Combination of chemotherapeutic agents and angiogenesis inhibitors is now commonly employed in the clinic to treat cancer. Here, we used angiostatic agents anginex and 0118, in combination with the chemotherapeutic irofulven, to treat human ovarian tumor xenografts in mice. General linear mixed models were used to statistically analyze tumor growth curves. Overall, combination of a low, non-toxic dose of irofulven with either angiogenesis inhibitor was more effective at inhibiting tumor growth than any of the single agent therapies. For example, the anginex/irofulven and 0118/irofulven combinations inhibited tumor growth relative to controls by 92% (p<0.0001) and 96% (p<0.0001), respectively, with the 0118/irofulven combinations yielding 100% complete responses. This study suggests that combination therapy of 0118 or anginex and irofulven may be highly effective in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruud P M Dings
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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37
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Dings RPM, Mayo KH. A journey in structure-based drug discovery: from designed peptides to protein surface topomimetics as antibiotic and antiangiogenic agents. Acc Chem Res 2007; 40:1057-65. [PMID: 17661438 DOI: 10.1021/ar700086k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Most biological events are mediated through molecular interactions by proteins, and because proteins are composed of structural units like helices, beta-sheets and turns, small peptides and peptidomimetics may be used to mimic their biological effects and even as therapeutic agents in the clinic. Here, we present a structure-based, scaffold-driven approach to design bioactive peptides and peptidomimetics. Initially, we designed a novel series of beta-sheet-forming peptides that mimic the activities of both antibiotic bacterial membrane disrupting peptides and antiangiogenic proteins. We subsequently used structure-activity relationships to reduce the design to partial peptide mimetics and then to fully nonpeptide topomimetics. Some of these agents are currently in extensive preclinical studies for further development as drug candidates against infectious disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruud P M Dings
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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38
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Arroyo MM, Mayo KH. NMR solution structure of the angiostatic peptide anginex. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2007; 1774:645-51. [PMID: 17478129 PMCID: PMC1986776 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2007.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2006] [Revised: 02/21/2007] [Accepted: 03/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Anginex, a designed peptide 33mer, is known to function both as an antiangiogenic and bactericidal agent. Solving the NMR solution structure of the peptide is key to understand better its structure-activity relationships and to design more bioactive peptides and peptide mimetics. However, structure elucidation of anginex has been elusive due to subunit exchange-induced resonance broadening. Here, we found that performing NMR structural studies in a micellar environment abolishes exchange broadening and allows the structure of anginex to be determined. Anginex folds in an amphipathic, three-stranded antiparallel beta-sheet conformation with functionally key hydrophobic residues lying on one face of the beta-sheet and positively charged, mostly lysine residues, lying on the opposite face. Structural comparison is made with a homologous, yet relatively inactive peptide, betapep-28. These results contribute to the design of peptidomimetics of anginex for therapeutic use against angiogenically-related diseases like cancer, as well as infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica M Arroyo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Health Sciences Center, 6-155 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Brandwijk RJMGE, Mulder WJM, Nicolay K, Mayo KH, Thijssen VLJL, Griffioen AW. Anginex-Conjugated Liposomes for Targeting of Angiogenic Endothelial Cells. Bioconjug Chem 2007; 18:785-90. [PMID: 17378601 DOI: 10.1021/bc060316h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Identification of a tumor angiogenesis specific ligand would allow targeting of tumor vasculature. Lipidic vehicles can be used to deliver therapeutic agents for treatment of disease or contrast agents for molecular imaging. A targeting ligand would allow specific delivery of such formulations to angiogenic sites, thereby reducing side effects and gaining efficiency. Anginex, a synthetic 33-mer angiostatic peptide, has been described to home angiogenically activated endothelium, suggesting an ideal candidate as targeting ligand. To investigate this application of anginex, fluorescently labeled paramagnetic liposomes were conjugated with anginex. Using phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy as well as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we demonstrate that anginex-conjugated liposomes bind specifically to activated endothelial cells, suggesting application as an angiogenesis targeting agent for molecular targeting and molecular imaging of angiogenesis-dependent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo J M G E Brandwijk
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Research Institute Growth and Development (GROW), Department of Pathology, Maastricht University & University Hospital, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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40
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Amano M, Suzuki M, Andoh S, Monzen H, Terai K, Williams B, Song CW, Mayo KH, Hasegawa T, Dings RPM, Griffin RJ. Antiangiogenesis therapy using a novel angiogenesis inhibitor, anginex, following radiation causes tumor growth delay. Int J Clin Oncol 2007; 12:42-7. [PMID: 17380440 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-006-0625-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2005] [Accepted: 09/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study investigated whether treatment with anginex, a novel antiangiogenic peptide, could block re-vascularization after radiation treatment. METHODS A squamous cell (SCCVII) xenograft tumor mouse model was employed to assess the effects of anginex given post-radiation on tumor growth, microvessel density (MVD), and oxygen levels. The oxygen status was determined by the partial pressure of O2. RESULTS Tumors in untreated mice increased threefold in 7.0 days, anginex-treated tumors (10 mg/kg intraperitoneal, twice) required 7.3 +/- 0.9 days, and tumors exposed to 8-Gy radiation increased threefold over 11 days. Combination treatment of anginex and radiation caused the tumors to grow threefold in 16.1 +/- 1.6 days, a delay which was significant and deemed supra-additive. Oxygen levels in tumors treated by stand-alone or combination therapies were significantly reduced; for example from 19.5 +/- 4.9 mmHg in controls to 9.7 +/- 1.9 mmHg in combination-treated, size-matched tumors. In addition, immunohistochemistry showed a decrease in MVD in the tumors treated with anginex, radiation, or the combination. These results suggest that a combination of anginex and radiation can greatly affect the amount of functional vasculature in tumors and prolong radiation-induced tumor regression. CONCLUSION Antiangiogenesis therapy with anginex, in addition to radiotherapy, will be useful by blocking angiogenesis-dependent regrowth of vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morikazu Amano
- Department of Radiology, Kakegawa City General Hospital, 1-1-1 Minami Sugiya, Kakegawa, Shizuoka 436-8502, Japan.
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41
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Thijssen VLJL, Postel R, Brandwijk RJMGE, Dings RPM, Nesmelova I, Satijn S, Verhofstad N, Nakabeppu Y, Baum LG, Bakkers J, Mayo KH, Poirier F, Griffioen AW. Galectin-1 is essential in tumor angiogenesis and is a target for antiangiogenesis therapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:15975-80. [PMID: 17043243 PMCID: PMC1635112 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0603883103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe that galectin-1 (gal-1) is a receptor for the angiogenesis inhibitor anginex, and that the protein is crucial for tumor angiogenesis. gal-1 is overexpressed in endothelial cells of different human tumors. Expression knockdown in cultured endothelial cells inhibits cell proliferation and migration. The importance of gal-1 in angiogenesis is illustrated in the zebrafish model, where expression knockdown results in impaired vascular guidance and growth of dysfunctional vessels. The role of gal-1 in tumor angiogenesis is demonstrated in gal-1-null mice, in which tumor growth is markedly impaired because of insufficient tumor angiogenesis. Furthermore, tumor growth in gal-1-null mice no longer responds to antiangiogenesis treatment by anginex. Thus, gal-1 regulates tumor angiogenesis and is a target for angiostatic cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor L. J. L. Thijssen
- *Angiogenesis Laboratory, Research Institute for Growth and Development (GROW), Department of Pathology, University Maastricht, 6202 A2, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ruben Postel
- Netherlands Institute for Developmental Biology and Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Hubrecht Laboratory, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ricardo J. M. G. E. Brandwijk
- *Angiogenesis Laboratory, Research Institute for Growth and Development (GROW), Department of Pathology, University Maastricht, 6202 A2, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud P. M. Dings
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Irina Nesmelova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Sietske Satijn
- *Angiogenesis Laboratory, Research Institute for Growth and Development (GROW), Department of Pathology, University Maastricht, 6202 A2, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole Verhofstad
- *Angiogenesis Laboratory, Research Institute for Growth and Development (GROW), Department of Pathology, University Maastricht, 6202 A2, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Yusaku Nakabeppu
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Linda G. Baum
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095; and
| | - Jeroen Bakkers
- Netherlands Institute for Developmental Biology and Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Hubrecht Laboratory, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin H. Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Françoise Poirier
- Institut Jacques Monod, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 7592, Universités P6 and P7, 75251 Paris, France
| | - Arjan W. Griffioen
- *Angiogenesis Laboratory, Research Institute for Growth and Development (GROW), Department of Pathology, University Maastricht, 6202 A2, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- **To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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42
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Brandwijk RJMGE, Dings RPM, van der Linden E, Mayo KH, Thijssen VLJL, Griffioen AW. Anti-angiogenesis and anti-tumor activity of recombinant anginex. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 349:1073-8. [PMID: 16970922 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.08.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2006] [Accepted: 08/23/2006] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Anginex, a synthetic 33-mer angiostatic peptide, specifically inhibits vascular endothelial cell proliferation and migration along with induction of apoptosis in endothelial cells. Here we report on the in vivo characterization of recombinant anginex and use of the artificial anginex gene for gene therapy approaches. Tumor growth of human MA148 ovarian carcinoma in athymic mice was inhibited by 80% when treated with recombinant anginex. Histological analysis of the tumors showed an approximate 2.5-fold reduction of microvessel density, suggesting that angiogenesis inhibition is the cause of the anti-tumor effect. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between the gene expression patterns of 16 angiogenesis-related factors after treatment with both recombinant and synthetic anginex. To validate the applicability of the anginex gene for gene therapy, stable transfectants of murine B16F10 melanoma cells expressing recombinant anginex were made. Supernatants of these cells inhibited endothelial cell proliferation in vitro. Furthermore, after subcutaneous injection of these cells in C57BL/6 mice, an extensive delay in tumor growth was observed. These data show that the artificial anginex gene can be used to produce a recombinant protein with similar activity as its synthetic counterpart and that the gene can be applied in gene therapy approaches for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo J M G E Brandwijk
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Research Institute Growth and Development GROW, Department of Pathology, Maastricht University and University Hospital, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Dings RPM, Chen X, Hellebrekers DMEI, van Eijk LI, Zhang Y, Hoye TR, Griffioen AW, Mayo KH. Design of Nonpeptidic Topomimetics of Antiangiogenic Proteins With Antitumor Activities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 98:932-6. [DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djj247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Calabrese EJ. Cancer biology and hormesis: human tumor cell lines commonly display hormetic (biphasic) dose responses. Crit Rev Toxicol 2006; 35:463-582. [PMID: 16422392 DOI: 10.1080/10408440591034502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This article assesses the nature of the dose-response relationship of human tumor cell lines with a wide range of agents including antineoplastics, toxic substances (i.e., environmental pollutants), nonneoplastic drugs, endogenous agonists, and phyto-compounds. Hormetic-like biphasic dose responses were commonly reported and demonstrated in 136 tumor cell lines from over 30 tissue types for over 120 different agents. Quantitative features of these hormetic dose responses were similar, regardless of tumor cell line or agent tested. That is, the magnitude of the responses was generally modest, with maximum stimulatory responses typically not greater than twice the control, while the width of the stimulatory concentration range was usually less than 100-fold. Particular attention was directed to possible molecular mechanisms of the biphasic nature of the dose response, as well as clinical implications in which a low concentration of chemotherapeutic agent may stimulate tumor cell proliferation. Finally, these findings further support the conclusion that hormetic dose responses are broadly generalizable, being independent of biological model, endpoint measured, and stressor agent, and represent a basic feature of biological responsiveness to chemical and physical stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003, USA.
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Brandwijk RJMGE, Nesmelova I, Dings RPM, Mayo KH, Thijssen VLJL, Griffioen AW. Cloning an artificial gene encoding angiostatic anginex: From designed peptide to functional recombinant protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 333:1261-8. [PMID: 15979575 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2005] [Accepted: 06/07/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Anginex, a designed peptide 33-mer, is a potent angiogenesis inhibitor and anti-tumor agent in vivo. Anginex functions by inhibiting endothelial cell (EC) proliferation and migration leading to detachment and apoptosis of activated EC's. To better understand tumor endothelium targeting properties of anginex and enable its use in gene therapy, we constructed an artificial gene encoding the biologically exogenous peptide and produced the protein recombinantly in Pichia pastoris. Mass spectrometry shows recombinant anginex to be a dimer and circular dichroism shows the recombinant protein folds with beta-strand structure like the synthetic peptide. Moreover, like parent anginex, the recombinant protein is active at inhibiting EC growth and migration, as well as inhibiting angiogenesis in vivo in the chorioallantoic membrane of the chick embryo. This study demonstrated that it is possible to produce a functionally active protein version of a rationally designed peptide, using an artificial gene and the recombinant protein approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo J M G E Brandwijk
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Research Institute for Growth and Development, Department of Pathology, Maastricht University and University Hospital, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Dings RPM, Williams BW, Song CW, Griffioen AW, Mayo KH, Griffin RJ. Anginex synergizes with radiation therapy to inhibit tumor growth by radiosensitizing endothelial cells. Int J Cancer 2005; 115:312-9. [PMID: 15688384 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.20850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We have demonstrated that the designed peptide anginex displays potent antiangiogenic activity. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of anginex on established tumor vasculature as an adjuvant to radiation therapy of solid tumors. In the MA148 human ovarian carcinoma athymic mouse model, anginex (10 mg/kg) in combination with a suboptimal dose of radiation (5 Gy once weekly for 4 weeks) caused tumors to regress to an impalpable state. In the more aggressive SCK murine mammary carcinoma model, combination of anginex and a single radiation dose of 25 Gy synergistically increased the delay in tumor growth compared to the tumor growth delay caused by either treatment alone. Immunohistochemical analysis also demonstrated significantly enhanced effects of combined treatment on tumor microvessel density and tumor or endothelial cell proliferation and viability. In assessing physiologic effects of anginex, we observed a reduction in tumor perfusion and tumor oxygenation in SCK tumors after 5-7 daily treatments with anginex with no reduction in blood pressure. To test anginex as a radiosensitizer, additional studies using SCK tumors were performed. Three daily i.p. injections of anginex were able to enhance the effect of 2 radiation doses of 10 Gy, resulting in 50% complete responses, whereas the known antiangiogenic agent angiostatin did not enhance the radiation response of SCK tumors. Mechanistically, it appears that anginex functions as an endothelial cell-specific radiosensitizer because anginex showed no effect on in vitro radiosensitivity of SCK or MA148 tumor cells, whereas anginex significantly enhanced the in vitro radiosensitivity of 2 endothelial cell types. This work supports the idea that the combination of the antiangiogenic agent anginex and radiation may lead to improved clinical outcome in treating cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruud P M Dings
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Academic Health Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Akerman ME, Pilch J, Peters D, Ruoslahti E. Angiostatic peptides use plasma fibronectin to home to angiogenic vasculature. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:2040-5. [PMID: 15687502 PMCID: PMC548558 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0409844102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A group of angiogenesis inhibitors are derived from fragments of extracellular matrix or blood proteins. Endostatin, antithrombin, and anastellin are members of this group of substances. The plasma adhesion proteins fibronectin and vitronectin serve as cofactors for these three antiangiogenic proteins. Anginex is a synthetic 33-amino acid peptide that was originally modeled to reproduce the beta-sheet structure of antiangiogenic proteins. Here, we show that anginex initiates fibronectin polymerization and is inactive in mice that lack plasma fibronectin. Anginex shares these characteristics with anastellin. Fluorescein-labeled anginex and anastellin specifically localized in angiogenic vessels in vivo. This localization was dependent on plasma fibronectin and inhibited by an Arg-Gly-Asp peptide. Thus, anginex shares with several physiological angiogenesis inhibitors a dependence on plasma adhesion proteins. The role of the adhesion protein interaction apparently is to form integrin-binding complexes that deliver the antiangiogenic proteins to sites of angiogenesis. This functional convergence of several antiangiogenic factors has important implications for antiangiogenic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Akerman
- Cancer Research Center, The Burnham Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Mayo KH, Dings RPM, Flader C, Nesmelova I, Hargittai B, van der Schaft DWJ, van Eijk LI, Walek D, Haseman J, Hoye TR, Griffioen AW. Design of a partial peptide mimetic of anginex with antiangiogenic and anticancer activity. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:45746-52. [PMID: 12947097 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m308608200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on structure-activity relationships of the angiostatic beta-sheet-forming peptide anginex, we have designed a mimetic, 6DBF7, which inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth in mice. 6DBF7 is composed of a beta-sheet-inducing dibenzofuran (DBF)-turn mimetic and two short key amino acid sequences from anginex. This novel antiangiogenic molecule is more effective in vivo than parent anginex. In a mouse xenograft model for ovarian carcinoma, 6DBF7 is observed to reduce tumor growth by up to 80%. It is suggested that the activity is based on antiangiogenesis, because in vitro tube formation is inhibited, and because treatment of tumor-bearing mice led to a significant reduction in microvessel density within the tumor. This partial peptide mimetic is the first endothelial cell-specific molecule designed as a substitute for an angiostatic inhibitory peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin H Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
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Dings RPM, Arroyo MM, Lockwood NA, van Eijk LI, Haseman JR, Griffioen AW, Mayo KH. Beta-sheet is the bioactive conformation of the anti-angiogenic anginex peptide. Biochem J 2003; 373:281-8. [PMID: 12708970 PMCID: PMC1223486 DOI: 10.1042/bj20030295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2003] [Revised: 04/22/2003] [Accepted: 04/23/2003] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Anginex is a designed peptide 33mer that functions as a cytokine-like agent to inhibit angiogenesis. Although this short linear peptide has been shown by NMR and CD to form a nascent beta-sheet conformation in solution, the actual bioactive structure formed upon binding to its receptor on the surface of endothelial cells could be quite different. By using a series of double-cysteine disulphide-bridged analogues, we provide evidence in the present study that the beta-sheet is in fact the bioactive conformation of anginex. CD and NMR spectral analysis of the analogues indicate formation of a beta-sheet conformation. Three functional assays, endothelial cell proliferation, apoptosis and in vitro angiogenesis, were performed on all analogues. As long as the placement of disulphide bonds preserved the beta-strand alignment, as in the proposed bioactive conformation, bioactivities were preserved. Knowledge of the bioactive conformation of anginex will aid in the design of smaller molecule mimetics of this potent anti-angiogenic peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruud P M Dings
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Health Science Center, 6-155 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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