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Li Z, He P, Luo G, Shi X, Yuan G, Zhang B, Seidl C, Gewies A, Wang Y, Zou Y, Long Y, Yue D, Zhang X. Increased Tumoral Microenvironmental pH Improves Cytotoxic Effect of Pharmacologic Ascorbic Acid in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cells. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:570939. [PMID: 33071784 PMCID: PMC7538777 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.570939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The anticancer potential of pharmacologic ascorbic acid (AA) has been detected in a number of cancer cells. However, in vivo study suggested a strongly reduced cytotoxic activity of AA. It was known that pH could be a critical influencing factor for multiple anticancer treatments. In this study, we explored the influence of pH on the cytotoxicity of ascorbic acid. We employed castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cell lines PC3 and DU145 to observe the therapeutic effect of AA on PCa cells that were cultured with different pH in vitro. We also analyzed the influence of pH and extracellular oxidation on cytotoxicity of AA in cancer cells using reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay, cellular uptake of AA, and NADPH assay. Male BALB/c nude mice bearing prostate carcinoma xenografts (PC3 or DU145) were used to assess treatment response to AA with or without bicarbonate in vivo. The cellular uptake of AA in PCa xenografts was detected using positron emission tomography (PET). Small animal PET/CT scans were performed on mice after the administration of 6-deoxy-6-[18F] fluoro-L-ascorbic acid (18F-DFA). Results Our in vitro studies demonstrate that acidic pH attenuates the cytotoxic activity of pharmacologic ascorbic acid by inhibiting AA uptake in PCa cells. Additionally, we found that the cancer cell-selective toxicity of AA depends on ROS. In vivo, combination of AA and bicarbonate could provide a significant better therapeutic outcome in comparison with controls or AA single treated mice. 18F-DFA PET imaging illustrated that the treatment with NaHCO3 could significantly increase the AA uptake in tumor. Conclusions The alkalinity of tumor microenvironment plays an important role in anticancer efficiency of AA in CRPC. 18F-DFA PET/CT imaging could predict the therapeutic response of PCa animal model through illustration of tumoral uptake of AA. 18F-DFA might be a potential PET tracer in clinical diagnosis and treatment for CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhoulei Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng He
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ganhua Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinchong Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Yuan
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Christof Seidl
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Gewies
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Zou
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging & Ultrasound Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yali Long
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dianchao Yue
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangsong Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Choi YK, Kang JI, Han S, Kim YR, Jo J, Kang YW, Choo DR, Hyun JW, Koh YS, Yoo ES, Kang HK. L-Ascorbic Acid Inhibits Breast Cancer Growth by Inducing IRE/JNK/CHOP-Related Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated p62/SQSTM1 Accumulation in the Nucleus. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051351. [PMID: 32397306 PMCID: PMC7284633 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticancer effects of L-ascorbic acid (Vitamin C, L-AA) have been reported in various types of cancers. L-AA intake reduces breast cancer recurrence and mortality; however, the role of L-AA in the treatment of breast cancer remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effect and mechanism action of L-AA on breast cancer growth. L-AA inhibited the growth of breast cancer cells by inducing apoptotic cell death at the evaluated treatment concentrations without affecting normal cells. Moreover, L-AA induces autophagosome formation via regulation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Beclin1, and autophagy-related genes (ATGs) and increased autophagic flux. Notably, we observed that L-AA increased p62/SQSTM1 (sequestosome 1) protein levels. Accumulation of p62 protein in cancer cells in response to stress has been reported, but its role in cancer regulation remains controversial. Here, we demonstrated that L-AA-induced p62 accumulation is related to L-AA-induced breast cancer growth inhibition. Furthermore, L-AA induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress via the IRE–JNK–CHOP (inositol-requiring endonuclease–c-Jun N-terminal kinase–C/EBP homologous protein) signaling pathways, which increased the nuclear levels of p62/SQSTM1. These findings provide evidence that L-AA-induced ER stress could be crucial for p62 accumulation-dependent cell death, and L-AA can be useful in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn Kyung Choi
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.K.C.); (J.-I.K.); (S.H.); (Y.R.K.); (J.J.); (Y.W.K.); (D.R.C.); (J.W.H.); (Y.S.K.); (E.-S.Y.)
| | - Jung-Il Kang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.K.C.); (J.-I.K.); (S.H.); (Y.R.K.); (J.J.); (Y.W.K.); (D.R.C.); (J.W.H.); (Y.S.K.); (E.-S.Y.)
| | - Sanghoon Han
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.K.C.); (J.-I.K.); (S.H.); (Y.R.K.); (J.J.); (Y.W.K.); (D.R.C.); (J.W.H.); (Y.S.K.); (E.-S.Y.)
| | - Young Ree Kim
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.K.C.); (J.-I.K.); (S.H.); (Y.R.K.); (J.J.); (Y.W.K.); (D.R.C.); (J.W.H.); (Y.S.K.); (E.-S.Y.)
| | - Jaemin Jo
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.K.C.); (J.-I.K.); (S.H.); (Y.R.K.); (J.J.); (Y.W.K.); (D.R.C.); (J.W.H.); (Y.S.K.); (E.-S.Y.)
| | - Yong Woo Kang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.K.C.); (J.-I.K.); (S.H.); (Y.R.K.); (J.J.); (Y.W.K.); (D.R.C.); (J.W.H.); (Y.S.K.); (E.-S.Y.)
| | - Do Ryeon Choo
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.K.C.); (J.-I.K.); (S.H.); (Y.R.K.); (J.J.); (Y.W.K.); (D.R.C.); (J.W.H.); (Y.S.K.); (E.-S.Y.)
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.K.C.); (J.-I.K.); (S.H.); (Y.R.K.); (J.J.); (Y.W.K.); (D.R.C.); (J.W.H.); (Y.S.K.); (E.-S.Y.)
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University; 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Young Sang Koh
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.K.C.); (J.-I.K.); (S.H.); (Y.R.K.); (J.J.); (Y.W.K.); (D.R.C.); (J.W.H.); (Y.S.K.); (E.-S.Y.)
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University; 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Eun-Sook Yoo
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.K.C.); (J.-I.K.); (S.H.); (Y.R.K.); (J.J.); (Y.W.K.); (D.R.C.); (J.W.H.); (Y.S.K.); (E.-S.Y.)
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University; 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Hee-Kyoung Kang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.K.C.); (J.-I.K.); (S.H.); (Y.R.K.); (J.J.); (Y.W.K.); (D.R.C.); (J.W.H.); (Y.S.K.); (E.-S.Y.)
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University; 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+82-10-6214-5464
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Therapeutic Perspective of Vitamin C and Its Derivatives. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8080247. [PMID: 31357509 PMCID: PMC6721080 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
l-Ascorbic acid (ASA), vitamin C, is a ubiquitous carbohydrate-like compound that has an essential role in a number of cellular processes, such as collagen synthesis, cellular oxidation, and various hydroxylation reactions. ASA is a biomolecule of critical importance for protection of cellular components against oxidative damage caused by toxic free radicals and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are involved in the development of various types of chronic diseases. Vitamin C has a switchover role from being an antioxidant in physiological conditions to a prooxidant under pathologic conditions. Moreover, some l-ascorbic acid derivatives exhibit strong and selective antitumor and antiviral activity. This review emphasizes the advances on diverse and potent biological profiles of l-ascorbic acid and its derivatives, and their perspective in the development of new bioactive chemical entities in the future. The work is primarily addressed at antioxidant, anticancer, and antiviral potencies of l-ascorbic acid and compounds containing its butenolide structural motif.
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Uetaki M, Tabata S, Nakasuka F, Soga T, Tomita M. Metabolomic alterations in human cancer cells by vitamin C-induced oxidative stress. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13896. [PMID: 26350063 PMCID: PMC4563566 DOI: 10.1038/srep13896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intravenous administration of high-dose vitamin C has recently attracted attention as a cancer therapy. High-dose vitamin C induces pro-oxidant effects and selectively kills cancer cells. However, the anticancer mechanisms of vitamin C are not fully understood. Here, we analyzed metabolic changes induced by vitamin C in MCF7 human breast adenocarcinoma and HT29 human colon cancer cells using capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CE-TOFMS). The metabolomic profiles of both cell lines were dramatically altered after exposure to cytotoxic concentrations of vitamin C. Levels of upstream metabolites in the glycolysis pathway and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle were increased in both cell lines following treatment with vitamin C, while adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels and adenylate energy charges were decreased concentration-dependently. Treatment with N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and reduced glutathione (GSH) significantly inhibited vitamin C-induced cytotoxicity in MCF7 cells. NAC also suppressed vitamin C-dependent metabolic changes, and NAD treatment prevented vitamin C-induced cell death. Collectively, our data suggests that vitamin C inhibited energy metabolism through NAD depletion, thereby inducing cancer cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Uetaki
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan.,Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, 5322 Endo, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0882, Japan
| | - Sho Tabata
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan.,Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, 5322 Endo, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0882, Japan
| | - Fumie Nakasuka
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan.,Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, 5322 Endo, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0882, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan.,Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, 5322 Endo, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0882, Japan.,Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, 5322 Endo, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0882, Japan
| | - Masaru Tomita
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan.,Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, 5322 Endo, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0882, Japan.,Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, 5322 Endo, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0882, Japan
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Shao LD, Wu YN, Xu J, He J, Zhao Y, Peng LY, Li Y, Yang YR, Xia CF, Zhao QS. Synthesis of l-Ascorbic Acid Lactone Derivatives. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2014; 4:181-188. [PMID: 24955300 PMCID: PMC4050306 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-014-0022-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A small focused library which comprised of l-AA lactone derivatives was built with a facile method. This reported method was optimized by modifying the acidity of the solvent. As a result, 12 l-AA lactones were synthesized. Among these lactones, lactones 8-12 were new compounds. The cytotoxicity of these synthetic compounds were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Dong Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Ya-Nan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Juan He
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Li-Yan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Yu-Rong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Cheng-Feng Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Qin-Shi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
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Wittine K, Babić MS, Košutić M, Cetina M, Rissanen K, Pavelić SK, Paravić AT, Sedić M, Pavelić K, Mintas M. The new 5- or 6-azapyrimidine and cyanuric acid derivatives of l-ascorbic acid bearing the free C-5 hydroxy or C-4 amino group at the ethylenic spacer: CD-spectral absolute configuration determination and biological activity evaluations. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:2770-85. [PMID: 21524828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Revised: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We report on the synthesis of the novel types of cytosine and 5-azacytosine (1-9), uracil and 6-azauracil (13-18) and cyanuric acid (19-22) derivatives of l-ascorbic acid, and on their cytostatic activity evaluation in human malignant tumour cell lines vs. their cytotoxic effects on human normal fibroblasts (WI38). The CD spectra analysis revealed that cytosine (5 and 6), uracil (14-16), 6-azauracil (17) and cyanuric acid (21) derivatives of l-ascorbic acid bearing free amino group at ethylenic spacer existed as a racemic mixture of enantiomers, whereas L-ascorbic derivatives containing the C-5 substituted hydroxy group at the ethylenic spacer were obtained in (4R, 5S) enantiomeric form. The stereochemistry of 6-azauracil derivative of l-ascorbic acid (13) was confirmed by X-ray crystal structure analysis. The molecules are self-assembled by one N-H⋯O hydrogen bond, two C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and two C-H⋯π interactions into three-dimensional framework. Cytostatic activity evaluation indicated that compounds did not show distinctive antiproliferative effects on tested cell line panel. However, the cytosine derivative of l-ascorbic acid (1) containing the C4-C5 double bond conjugated with the lactone moiety produced rather marked growth inhibitory effect on hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), metastatic breast epithelial carcinoma (MCF-7) and cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cell lines at micromolar concentrations, but also exerted strong cytostatic effect on WI38. 5-Azacytosine derivative of l-ascorbic acid (2) with a double bond at the C4-C5 conjugated with the lactone moiety displayed potent antitumour activity against tested tumour cell lines with meanIC(50) values ranging from 0.92 to 5.91 μM. However, this compound also exhibited pronounced cytotoxicity towards WI38. Flow cytometric analysis of the cell cycle revealed that compound 2 triggers S phase arrest, which clearly demonstrates its interference with DNA replication, a key event of cell proliferation. Marked anticancer efficacy of compound 2 supports further in vivo investigation into its possible clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wittine
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Johnson NA, Chen BH, Sung SY, Liao CH, Hsiao WC, W K Chung L, Hsieh CL. A novel targeting modality for renal cell carcinoma: human osteocalcin promoter-mediated gene therapy synergistically induced by vitamin C and vitamin D₃. J Gene Med 2011; 12:892-903. [PMID: 21105150 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) frequently develops skeletal metastasis and is highly resistant to conventional therapies. We hypothesized that the osteocalcin (OC) promoter may be a promising gene delivery system for RCC targeted gene therapy because osteotropic tumors gain osteomimetic properties and thrive in the new environment by exhibiting a bone-like gene expression profile. Human OC (hOC) expression is highly regulated by vitamins and hormone. In the present study, we tested the feasibility of vitamin-regulatable hOC promoter for RCC-specific transcriptional targeting, and examined the anti-tumor effect of vitamins C and D₃ with hOC-based adenoviral vectors towards RCC. METHODS Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction measured OC expression induced by vitamins C and D₃, either alone or in combination, in RCC and normal human renal epithelial cells (HRE). The RCC-cytotoxic effects of concomitant vitamins and hOC promoter-based adenoviral vectors, Ad-hOC-TK and Ad-hOC-E1, were evaluated in both cell culture and a xenograft murine model. RESULTS We found that high doses of vitamin C induced H₂O₂-dependent apoptosis in RCC but not HRE. Treatment of RCC cells with combined vitamins C and D₃ treatment significantly increased OC promoter activity compared to single reagent treatment. Combined vitamin therapy reduced tumor size (85%) and complete tumor regression occurred in 38% of mice co-administrated Ad-hOC-E1. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained in the present study demonstrate that vitamins C and D₃ synergized with the anti-tumor effects of therapeutic genes driven by hOC promoter through direct cytotoxicity as well as transcriptional targeting. This combined gene therapy provides a promising modality for advanced RCC targeted therapy.
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Roomi MW, Ivanov V, Kalinovsky T, Niedzwiecki A, Rath M. Inhibition of cell invasion and MMP production by a nutrient mixture in malignant liposarcoma cell line SW-872. Med Oncol 2008; 24:394-401. [PMID: 17917088 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-007-0022-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2007] [Revised: 11/30/1999] [Accepted: 04/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Liposarcoma, a malignancy of fat cells, is the most common soft tissue sarcoma. Though rare, poorly differentiated liposarcomas commonly metastasize to lungs and liver, leading to poor prognosis. Prevention of Extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation by inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) activity has been shown to be a promising therapeutic approach to inhibition of cancer progression. A nutrient mixture (NM) containing lysine, proline, ascorbic acid, and green tea extract has shown significant anticancer activity against a number of cancer cell lines. We investigated the effect of NM on liposarcoma cell line SW-872 proliferation (MTT assay), MMP secretion (gelatinase zymography), invasion through Matrigel, and apoptosis and morphology (live green caspase kit and H&E). Liposarcoma cell growth was inhibited by 36 and 61% at 500 and 1,000 microg/ml NM. Zymography demonstrated both MMP-2 and MMP-9 secretion, with PMA-enhanced MMP-9 activity. NM inhibited both MMPs with virtual total inhibition at 500 microg/ml NM. Invasion through Matrigel was inhibited at 100, 500, and 1,000 microg/ml by 44, 75, and 100%, respectively. Dose-dependent apoptosis of liposarcoma cells was evident with NM challenge, with virtually all cells exposed to 1,000 microg/ml NM in late apoptosis. H&E staining did not demonstrate any changes in morphology at lower concentrations. However, some apoptotic changes were evident at higher concentrations. In conclusion, NM significantly inhibited liposarcoma cell growth, MMP activity, and invasion and induced apoptosis in vitro-important parameters for cancer development, suggesting NM as a potential treatment strategy for liposarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Roomi
- Cancer Division, Dr. Rath Research Institute, 1260 Memorex Drive, Santa Clara, CA 95050, USA
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Nassef HM, Civit L, Fragoso A, O'Sullivan CK. Amperometric sensing of ascorbic acid using a disposable screen-printed electrode modified with electrografted o-aminophenol film. Analyst 2008; 133:1736-41. [DOI: 10.1039/b808499h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Thurnham DI. An overview of interactions between micronutrients and of micronutrients with drugs, genes and immune mechanisms. Nutr Res Rev 2007; 17:211-40. [DOI: 10.1079/nrr200486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe objective of the present review is to examine critically the consequences of interactions that micronutrients undergo with nutrients and non-nutrients (mainly prescribed medicines) in diets and lifestyle factors (smoking, tea and alcohol consumption). In addition, the review describes recent work on interactions between nutrients and genes, the influence of gene polymorphisms on micronutrients, the impact of immune responses on micronutrients and specific interactions of antioxidant micronutrients in disease processes to minimise potential pro-oxidant damage.
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Wybieralska E, Koza M, Sroka J, Czyż J, Madeja Z. Ascorbic acid inhibits the migration of Walker 256 carcinosarcoma cells. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2007; 13:103-11. [PMID: 17965972 PMCID: PMC6275902 DOI: 10.2478/s11658-007-0040-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2007] [Accepted: 07/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The results of several experimental studies have shown that ascorbic acid inhibits tumor growth and metastasis. Ascorbic acid is an antioxidant that acts as a scavenger for a wide range of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Both tumour metastasis and cell migration have been correlated with the intracellular ROS level, so it was postulated that the inhibitory effect of ascorbic acid derivatives on cell motility may be caused by scavenging of ROS. Time-lapse analyses of Walker 256 carcinosarcoma cell migration showed that both the speed of movement and the cell displacement were inhibited by ascorbic acid applied in concentrations ranging from 10 to 250 microM. This effect correlated with a reduction in the intracellular ROS level in WC 256 cells, suggesting that ROS scavenging may be a mechanism responsible for the inhibition of WC 256 cell migration. However, another potent antioxidant, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, also efficiently decreased the intracellular ROS level in WC 256 cells, but did not affect the migration of the investigated cells. These results demonstrate that intact, unmodified ascorbic acid applied in physiologically relevant and non-toxic concentrations exerts an inhibitory effect on the migration of WC 256 carcinosarcoma cells, and that this may be one of the factors responsible for the anti-metastatic activity of vitamin C. However, our data does not support the hypothesis that the scavenging of intracellular ROS is the main mechanism in the inhibition of cancer cell migration by ascorbic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Wybieralska
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-378 Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Koza
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-378 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jolanta Sroka
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-378 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jarosław Czyż
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-378 Kraków, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Madeja
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-378 Kraków, Poland
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Roomi MW, Roomi N, Ivanov V, Kalinovsky T, Niedzwiecki A, Rath M. Inhibition of pulmonary metastasis of melanoma b16fo cells in C57BL/6 mice by a nutrient mixture consisting of ascorbic Acid, lysine, proline, arginine, and green tea extract. Exp Lung Res 2007; 32:517-30. [PMID: 17169857 DOI: 10.1080/01902140601098552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The authors investigated the effect of a nutrient mixture (NM) on lung metastasis by B16F0 melanoma cells in C57BL/6 female mice. Mice were divided into equal groups (1 to 6) and injected via tail vein with B16F0 cells (groups 1 to 4), B16FO cells pretreated with NM (group 5), or saline (group 6). Groups 1, 3, 4, 5, and 6 were fed the control diet and group 2 the 0.5% NM supplemented diet. Groups 3 and 4 received NM intraperitoneally (IP) and intravenously (IV), respectively. Two weeks later, pulmonary metastatic colonies were counted. Pulmonary colonization was reduced by 63% in mice supplemented with NM diet, by 86% in mice receiving NM by IP and IV injections, and completely inhibited in mice injected with melanoma cells pretreated with NM. These results show that NM is effective in inhibiting the metastasis of B16FO melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Waheed Roomi
- Dr. Rath Research Institute, Cancer Division, Santa Clara, California 95050, USA
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Roomi MW, Ivanov V, Kalinovsky T, Niedzwiecki A, Rath M. Inhibition of malignant mesothelioma cell matrix metalloproteinase production and invasion by a novel nutrient mixture. Exp Lung Res 2006; 32:69-79. [PMID: 16754473 DOI: 10.1080/01902140600710488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM), an asbestos-associated cancer with no known cure, is a highly aggressive tumor causing profound morbidity and nearly universal mortality. Extracellular matrix (ECM) matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) produced by tumor and stromal cells play a key role in tumor invasion and metastasis. Prevention of ECM degradation by MMP inhibition has been shown to be a promising therapeutic approach to inhibition of cancer development. Based on reported anticancer properties, the authors investigated the effect of a mixture (NM) containing lysine, proline, ascorbic acid, and green tea extract on MM cell line MSTO-211 H proliferation (by [MTT] [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay), MMP secretion (by gelatinase zymography), invasion (through Matrigel), and morphology (by hematoxylin and eosin [H&E] staining). MMP-2 and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced MMP-9 secretion were inhibited by NM in a dose-dependent fashion, with virtual total inhibition at 500 microg/ml NM. Invasion through Matrigel was inhibited at 50, 100, and 500 microg/ml by 27%, 36%, and 100%, respectively. NM was not toxic to the MM cell line, and H&E staining did not indicate any changes at and below 100 microg/ml concentration. In conclusion, NM significantly inhibited MM cell MMP secretion and invasion-both important parameters for cancer prevention, suggesting NM is an effective treatment strategy for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Waheed Roomi
- Dr. Rath Research Institute, Cancer Division, Santa Clara, California, USA
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Abdel-Latif MMM, Raouf AA, Sabra K, Kelleher D, Reynolds JV. Vitamin C enhances chemosensitization of esophageal cancer cells in vitro. J Chemother 2006; 17:539-49. [PMID: 16323444 DOI: 10.1179/joc.2005.17.5.539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is increasingly utilised in multimodal protocols to try and improve outcomes. Cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) are the mainstay of chemotherapeutic regimens, and an understanding of sensitivity and resistance of esophageal cancer to these agents is of considerable clinical importance. Antioxidants may modulate the response to chemotherapy, and in this study we examined the effect of vitamin C on 5-Fu and cisplatin cytotoxicity and related pathways in the esophageal cancer cell lines OE33 and SKGT-4. The antiproliferative effect of antitumor agents was measured by the MTT assay, and the transcription factors NF-kappaB and AP-1 pathways were assessed by electrophoretic mobility gel shift assay. 5-Fu and cisplatin demonstrated marked morphological changes and decreased cell proliferation. A combination of vitamin C with 5-Fu or cisplatin exerted a significantly enhanced cytotoxic effect compared to both drugs individually. Treatment of esophageal cancer cells with 5-Fu and cisplatin induced NF-kappaB and AP-1 activation. Pretreatment with vitamin C inhibited 5-Fu or cisplatin induced NF-kappaB nuclear translocation and DNA binding activity, but vitamin C had no effect on IkappaB-alpha protein levels. Vitamin C also inhibited 5-Fu- and cisplatin-induced AP-1 activation. Our data demonstrate that vitamin C enhances the antitumor activity of 5-Fu and cisplatin, in part by inhibiting translocation of NF-kappaB and AP-1, and sensitizes cancer cells to drug-induced cell death. The data suggest that vitamin C supplementation may improve the efficacy of chemotherapy for esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M M Abdel-Latif
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
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Roomi MW, Ivanov V, Kalinovsky T, Niedzwiecki A, Rath M. In vitro and in vivo antitumorigenic activity of a mixture of lysine, proline, ascorbic acid, and green tea extract on human breast cancer lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7. Med Oncol 2005; 22:129-38. [PMID: 15965275 DOI: 10.1385/mo:22:2:129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2004] [Accepted: 11/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Current treatments are generally ineffective once breast cancer has metastasized; median survival is reduced to 2-3 yr. Previous research studies demonstrating potent synergistic antitumor activity of lysine, proline, ascorbic acid, and epigallocatechin gallate prompted us to investigate the in vivo inhibitory effect of a nutrient mixture containing lysine, proline, arginine, ascorbic acid, and epigallocatechin gallate (NM) on the growth of human cancer xenografts in female athymic nude mice. Five to six week old female mice were inoculated with 3x106 breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231. After injection, the mice were randomly divided into two groups A and B; group A was fed a regular diet and group B with the regular diet supplemented with 0.5% of the nutrient mixture (NM). Four weeks later, the mice were sacrificed, and their tumors were excised, weighed, and processed for histology. We also tested the effect of NM in vitro on estrogen-receptor positive (ER+) MCF-7 and estrogen-receptor negative (ER-) MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines by measuring: cell proliferation by MTT assay, expression of MMPs by gelatinase zymography, invasion through Matrigel, and VEGF by ELISA. MCF-7 cells were also treated with estradiol to study enhanced invasion and expression of MMPs and VEGF. Results showed that NM inhibited the growth and reduced the size of tumors in female nude mice by 27%. Furthermore, histological evaluation revealed increased mitotic index, MMP-9 and VEGF secretion, and PAS material (mucin) in the control group tissues. In vitro studies showed NM inhibited MDA-MB-231 cell growth by 34% at 500 microg/mL and MCF-7 cell growth by 18% at 1000 microg/mL. Invasion of MDA-MB-231 through Matrigel was inhibited by 50%, 60%, and 95% by 10, 50, and 100 microg/mL of NM, respectively. The results of this study demonstrated that the nutrient mixture tested significantly suppressed tumor growth of breast cancer cells in female athymic nude mice and significantly inhibited MMP expression, angiogenesis, and invasion in breast cancer cells, in vitro, offering promise for therapeutic use in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Waheed Roomi
- Matthias Rath Research, Cancer Research Division, 1260 Memorex Drive, Santa Clara, CA 95050, USA
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Roomi MW, Ivanov V, Kalinovsky T, Niedzwiecki A, Rath M. Antitumor effect of a combination of lysine, proline, arginine, ascorbic acid, and green tea extract on pancreatic cancer cell line MIA PaCa-2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 35:97-102. [PMID: 15879623 DOI: 10.1385/ijgc:35:2:097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current treatment of pancreatic cancer is generally associated with poor prognosis, even if diagnosed early, owing to its aggressive rate of metastasis and non-responsiveness to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have received much attention in recent years for their role in various malignancies, and have been implicated in tumor invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis. AIM OF STUDY Reported antitumor properties of ascorbic acid, lysine, proline, and green tea extract prompted us to investigate the effect of a combination of lysine, proline, arginine, ascorbic acid, and green tea extract on pancreatic cancer cell line MIA PaCa-2 for viability, MMP expression, invasion, and morphology. METHODS Viability was evaluated based on cell proliferation by MTT assay and MMP expression in condition media by gelatinase zymography. Invasion through Matrigel was assayed and morphology was observed by hematoxylin and eosin (H+E)staining. Data was analyzed by independent sample "t" test. RESULTS The nutrient mixture (NM) did not inhibit cell proliferation at 10 microg/mL and exhibited a dose-dependent antiproliferative effect with maximum inhibition of 38% over the control at 1000 microg/mL. Zymography demonstrated production of only MMP-9, which showed a dose-dependent decreased expression that was abolished at 100 microg/mL of NM. Invasion through Matrigel was inhibited at 10, 50, 100, and 500 microg/mL by 66%, 66%, 87% and 100%, respectively. H&E staining did not indicate changes even at the highest concentration of NM. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the formulation of green tea extract, lysine, proline, and ascorbic acid, tested as a promising adjunct to standard treatment of pancreatic cancer, by inhibiting MMP expression and invasion without toxic effects important parameters in cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Waheed Roomi
- MRI, Cancer Research Division, 1260 Memorex Drive, Santa Clara, CA 95050, USA
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Varadharaj S, Watkins T, Cardounel AJ, Garcia JGN, Zweier JL, Kuppusamy P, Natarajan V, Parinandi NL. Vitamin C-induced loss of redox-dependent viability in lung microvascular endothelial cells. Antioxid Redox Signal 2005; 7:287-300. [PMID: 15650416 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2005.7.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent clinical trials have shown that vitamin C, at pharmacological concentrations (milligram to approximately gram), upon infusion into circulation, modulates vasodilation and vascular tone in humans. This also results in the elevated concentrations of vitamin C in circulation in the millimolar range. Here, it was hypothesized that vitamin C at pharmacological concentrations (millimolar) would induce oxidative stress and cause loss of redox-dependent cell viability in vascular endothelial cells (ECs). To test the hypothesis, bovine lung microvascular ECs (BLMVECs) in monolayer cultures were exposed to vitamin C (0-10 mM) for different time periods (0-2 h). Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed the intracellular formation of ascorbate free radical in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. Vitamin C also induced formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species in a dose-dependent fashion. It was observed that vitamin C induced morphological alterations and loss of cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent fashion, as measured by light microscopy and Alamar Blue redox cell viability assay, respectively. Vitamin C analogues failed to induce such changes. Vitamin C depleted cellular GSH levels in a dose-dependent fashion, suggesting that vitamin C altered thiol-redox status in BLMVECs. Antioxidants, intracellular iron chelator, and catalase protected cells against vitamin C-induced loss of redox-dependent cell viability, confirming the role of hydrogen peroxide and iron during redox cycling of vitamin C. These results, for the first time in detail, established that vitamin C at pharmacological doses induced oxidative stress and loss of redox-dependent cell viability in microvascular ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saradhadevi Varadharaj
- Lipid Signaling and Lipomics Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1252, USA
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Naidu KA. Vitamin C in human health and disease is still a mystery? An overview. Nutr J 2003; 2:7. [PMID: 14498993 PMCID: PMC201008 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2003] [Accepted: 08/21/2003] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascorbic acid is one of the important water soluble vitamins. It is essential for collagen, carnitine and neurotransmitters biosynthesis. Most plants and animals synthesize ascorbic acid for their own requirement. However, apes and humans can not synthesize ascorbic acid due to lack of an enzyme gulonolactone oxidase. Hence, ascorbic acid has to be supplemented mainly through fruits, vegetables and tablets. The current US recommended daily allowance (RDA) for ascorbic acid ranges between 100-120 mg/per day for adults. Many health benefits have been attributed to ascorbic acid such as antioxidant, anti-atherogenic, anti-carcinogenic, immunomodulator and prevents cold etc. However, lately the health benefits of ascorbic acid has been the subject of debate and controversies viz., Danger of mega doses of ascorbic acid? Does ascorbic acid act as a antioxidant or pro-oxidant? Does ascorbic acid cause cancer or may interfere with cancer therapy? However, the Panel on dietary antioxidants and related compounds stated that the in vivo data do not clearly show a relationship between excess ascorbic acid intake and kidney stone formation, pro-oxidant effects, excess iron absorption. A number of clinical and epidemiological studies on anti-carcinogenic effects of ascorbic acid in humans did not show any conclusive beneficial effects on various types of cancer except gastric cancer. Recently, a few derivatives of ascorbic acid were tested on cancer cells, among them ascorbic acid esters showed promising anticancer activity compared to ascorbic acid. Ascorbyl stearate was found to inhibit proliferation of human cancer cells by interfering with cell cycle progression, induced apoptosis by modulation of signal transduction pathways. However, more mechanistic and human in vivo studies are needed to understand and elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the anti-carcinogenic property of ascorbic acid. Thus, though ascorbic acid was discovered in 17th century, the exact role of this vitamin/nutraceutical in human biology and health is still a mystery in view of many beneficial claims and controversies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Akhilender Naidu
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570 013, India.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE At the present time, many cancer patients combine some form of complementary and alternative medicine therapies with their conventional therapies. The most common choice of these therapies is the use of antioxidants. RESULTS A review of four common antioxidants is undertaken, which includes vitamin E (mixed tocopherols and tocotrienols), beta-carotene (natural mixed carotenoids), vitamin C (ascorbic acid), and vitamin A (retinoic acid). Antioxidants act as electron acceptors as well as therapeutic biologic response modifiers. Despite the fact that chemotherapy-induced formation of free radicals is well-demonstrated, chemotherapy-induced cytotoxicity in general does not seem to depend on formation of reactive oxygen species. CONCLUSIONS Currently, evidence is growing that antioxidants may provide some benefit when combined with certain types of chemotherapy. Because of the potential for positive benefits, a randomized controlled trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of adding antioxidants to chemotherapy in newly diagnosed ovarian cancer is underway at the University of Kansas Medical Center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne A Drisko
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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Péterszegi G, Dagonet FB, Labat-Robert J, Robert L. Inhibition of cell proliferation and fibronectin biosynthesis by Na ascorbate. Eur J Clin Invest 2002; 32:372-80. [PMID: 12064290 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2362.2002.00992.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of ascorbate on the production of extracellular matrix proteins (as elastin and collagens) is now well documented, but no studies have been published concerning its effects on fibronectin biosynthesis. Fibronectin is important for cell attachment and for proliferation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of Na ascorbate were investigated on cell attachment, proliferation, viability and fibronectin biosynthesis by human skin fibroblasts in vitro. Proliferation was followed by the monitoring of [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation; viability by the MTT-test, cell adherence by counting adherent and nonadherent cells and fibronectin biosynthesis by immunoprecipitation of biosynthetically labelled fibronectin. RESULTS In the presence of ascorbate, the fibroblasts showed a biphasic growth pattern. At 500 microM ascorbate, [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation was stimulated by 15% as compared to the controls. Higher concentrations gradually decreased proliferation up to 36% of the control value at 5 mM. These effects of ascorbate on DNA synthesis were followed to > 1.25 mM by a strong inhibition, cytotoxic effect and cell death. The non-adherent cell count increased to 10% of the total population at 2.5 mM and to 31% at 5.0 mM ascorbate.Increasing concentrations of ascorbate resulted in a dose-dependent decrease of fibronectin biosynthesis, both in the culture supernates and cell extracts. This inhibition mainly concerned cell membrane-associated fibronectin.Superoxide-dismutase or catalase could inhibit Na ascorbate-induced cytotoxicity and partially re-establish fibronectin biosynthesis. Desferrioxamine, ergothionein and vitamin E were inefficient. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that ascorbate decreases fibronectin biosynthesis of cultured human skin fibroblasts, thereby producing cell detachment and decreased proliferation. This effect is mainly mediated by the reactive oxygen species and can be inhibited by superoxide-dismutase and catalase.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Péterszegi
- Ophthalmologic Reserach Laboratory, Hospital Hôtel Dieu, University Paris 6, Paris, France
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Naidu KA, Tang JL, Naidu KA, Prockop LD, Nicosia SV, Coppola D. Antiproliferative and apoptotic effect of ascorbyl stearate in human glioblastoma multiforme cells: modulation of insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) expression. J Neurooncol 2001; 54:15-22. [PMID: 11763418 DOI: 10.1023/a:1012545311054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Human glioblastomas (gliomas) are characterized as highly invasive and rapidly growing brain tumors. In this study, we present data on in vitro effect of ascorbyl stearate (Asc-S), a liphophilic derivative of ascorbic acid on cell proliferation, transformation, apoptosis and modulation of expression of insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) in human glioblastoma multiforme (T98G) cells. Asc-S showed significant inhibition of fetal bovine serum and human recombinant insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) dependent cell proliferation in a dose dependent manner. Treatment of T98G cells with 0, 50, 100 and 150 microM Asc-S for 24h slowed down the cell multiplication cycle with significant accumulation of cells at late S/G2-M phase of cycle. Asc-S treatment (100 microM) reversed the transformed phenotype as determined by clonogenecity in soft agar and also induced apoptosis of T98G. These changes were found to be associated with significant decrease in IGF-IR expression in dose and time dependent manner compared to untreated controls. The data clearly demonstrate that Asc-S has antiproliferative and apoptotic effect on T98G cells probably through modulation of IGF-IR expression and consequent facilitation of programmed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Naidu
- Department of Neurology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA.
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Wang Y, Mackenzie B, Tsukaguchi H, Weremowicz S, Morton CC, Hediger MA. Human vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) transporter SVCT1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 267:488-94. [PMID: 10631088 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1999.1929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In human, vitamin C (l-ascorbic acid) is an essential micronutrient required for an array of biological functions including enzymatic reactions and antioxidation. We describe here the molecular cloning of a novel human cDNA encoding a vitamin C transporter SVCT1. SVCT1 is largely confined to bulk-transporting epithelia (e.g., kidney and small intestine) with a putative alternative-splice product present in thymus. Applying radiotracer and voltage-clamp approaches in cRNA-injected Xenopus oocytes, we found that SVCT1 mediates saturable, concentrative, high-affinity l-ascorbic acid transport (K(0.5) = 50-100 microM) that is electrogenic and can be inhibited by phloretin. SVCT1 displays exquisite substrate selectivity, greatly favoring l-ascorbic acid over its isomers d-isoascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid and 2- or 6-substituted analogues, whereas glucose and nucleobases are excluded. We have mapped the SLC23A2 gene (coding for SVCT1) to human chromosome 5 in band 5q31.2-31.3, within a region commonly deleted in malignant myeloid (leukemia) diseases. In addition, we have demonstrated that the human SLC23A1 gene product is a related high-affinity l-ascorbic acid transporter (SVCT2) that is widely distributed in brain, retina, and a host of endocrine and neuroendocrine tissues. The molecular identification of the human l-ascorbic acid transporters now provides the tools with which to investigate their roles in vitamin C metabolism in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Membrane Biology Program and Renal Division, Department of Pathology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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