1
|
Zaninetti C, Rivera J, Vater L, Ohlenforst S, Leinøe E, Böckelmann D, Freson K, Thiele T, Makhloufi H, Rath M, Eberl W, Wolff M, Freyer C, Wesche J, Zieger B, Felbor U, Heidel FH, Greinacher A. Aggregates of nonmuscular myosin IIA in erythrocytes associate with GATA1- and GFI1B-related thrombocytopenia. J Thromb Haemost 2024; 22:1179-1186. [PMID: 38103735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transcription factor GATA1 is an essential regulator of erythroid cell gene expression and maturation and is also relevant for platelet biogenesis. GATA1-related thrombocytopenia (GATA1-RT) is a rare X-linked inherited platelet disorder (IPD) characterized by macrothrombocytopenia and dyserythropoiesis. Enlarged platelet size, reduced platelet granularity, and noticeable red blood cell anisopoikilocytosis are characteristic but unspecific morphological findings in GATA1-RT. OBJECTIVES To expand the investigation of platelet phenotype of patients with GATA1-RT by light- and immunofluorescence microscopy on a blood smear. METHODS We assessed blood smears by light- and immunofluorescence microscopy after May-Grünwald Giemsa staining using a set of 13 primary antibodies against markers belonging to different platelet structures. Antibody binding was visualized by fluorescently labeled secondary antibodies. RESULTS We investigated 12 individuals with genetically confirmed GATA1-RT from 8 unrelated families. While confirming the already known characteristic of platelet morphology (platelet macrocytosis and reduced expression of markers for α-granules), we also found aggregates of nonmuscular myosin heavy chain II A (NMMIIA) in the erythrocytes in all individuals (1-3 aggregates/cell, 1-3 μm diameter). By systematically reanalyzing blood smears from a cohort of patients with 19 different forms of IPD, we found similar NMMIIA aggregates in the red blood cells only in subjects with GFI1B-related thrombocytopenia (GFI1B-RT), the other major IPD featured by dyserythropoiesis. CONCLUSION Aggregates of NMMIIA in the erythrocytes associate with GATA1-RT and GFI1B-RT and can facilitate their diagnosis on blood smears. This previously unreported finding might represent a novel marker of dyserythropoiesis assessable in peripheral blood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Zaninetti
- Institut für Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany. https://twitter.com/ZaninettiCarlo
| | - Jose' Rivera
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Pascual Parrilla, Centro de Investigation Biomedica En Red Enfermedades Raras - Institutio de salut Carlos III, Grupo Español de Alteraciones Plaquetarias Congénitas - Sociedad Espanola de Thrombosis Y Hemostasia Coordinator, Murcia, Spain
| | - Leonard Vater
- Institut für Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sandra Ohlenforst
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Clinic Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eva Leinøe
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Doris Böckelmann
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kathleen Freson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Katholeike Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Thiele
- Institut für Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Houssain Makhloufi
- Transfusionsmedizin Hämostaseologie, Medizinisches Versorungszentrum Düsseldorf-Centrum, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Matthias Rath
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald and Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; Institute for Molecular Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Eberl
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Klinikum Braunschweig gGmbH, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martina Wolff
- Institut für Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Carmen Freyer
- Institut für Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jan Wesche
- Institut für Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Barbara Zieger
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ute Felbor
- Transfusionsmedizin Hämostaseologie, Medizinisches Versorungszentrum Düsseldorf-Centrum, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Florian H Heidel
- Innere Medicine C, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz-Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Greinacher
- Institut für Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Goc A, Sumera W, Rath M, Niedzwiecki A. Inhibitory effect of theaflavin-3,3'-digallate can involve its binding to the "stem" domain of α-hemolysin of Staphylococcus aureus. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2023; 13:83-87. [PMID: 37856196 PMCID: PMC10668921 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2023.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus are currently a worldwide threat affecting millions of individuals. The pathogenicity of S. aureus is associated with numerous virulence factors, including cell surface proteins, polysaccharides, and secreted toxins. The pore-forming α-hemolysin, known as α-toxin, is produced by nearly all virulent strains of S. aureus and is implicated in several diseases including skin and soft tissue infections, atopic dermatitis, and pneumonia. There are currently no vaccines available for the prevention of S. aureus infections and the efficacy of available antibiotics has been fading. In this study we examined the mode of antihemolytic activity of theaflavin-3,3'-digallate against α-hemolysin of methicillin-resistant S. aureus by molecular docking using AutoDock Vina as the molecular docking tool. The theaflavin-3,3'-digallate docked the molecular sequence of the Hla (PDB ID:7ahl). The scores of the top 10 binding modes obtained were between -9.0 and -8.5 kcal mol-1, and the best binding mode was -9.0 kcal mol-1. Direct binding sites of theaflavin-3,3'-digallate to the "stem" domain of Hla were revealed which primarily targeted of the residues Met113, Thr117, Asn139. The disclosure of this potential binding mode warrants further clinical evaluation of theaflavin-3,3'-digallate as an anti-hemolytic compound in order to practically validate our results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Goc
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dr. Rath Research Institute, San Jose, CA, United States of America
| | - Waldemar Sumera
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dr. Rath Research Institute, San Jose, CA, United States of America
| | - Matthias Rath
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dr. Rath Research Institute, San Jose, CA, United States of America
| | - Aleksandra Niedzwiecki
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dr. Rath Research Institute, San Jose, CA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Goc A, Sumera W, Rath M, Niedzwiecki A. Inhibition of α-hemolysin activity of Staphylococcus aureus by theaflavin 3,3'-digallate. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290904. [PMID: 37651426 PMCID: PMC10470925 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing rise in antibiotic resistance, and a waning of the introduction of new antibiotics, has resulted in limited treatment options for bacterial infections, including these caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, leaving the world in a post-antibiotic era. Here, we set out to examine mechanisms by which theaflavin 3,3'-digallate (TF3) might act as an anti-hemolytic compound. In the presented study, we found that TF3 has weak bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects on Staphylococcus aureus, and strong inhibitory effect towards the hemolytic activity of its α-hemolysin (Hla) including its production and secretion. A supportive SPR assay reinforced these results and further revealed binding of TF3 to Hla with KD = 4.57×10-5 M. Interestingly, TF3 was also able to protect human primary keratinocytes from Hla-induced cell death, being at the same time non-toxic for them. Further analysis of TF3 properties revealed that TF3 blocked Hla-prompting immune reaction by inhibiting production and secretion of IL1β, IL6, and TNFα in vitro and in vivo, through affecting NFκB activity. Additionally, we observed that TF3 also markedly attenuated S. aureus-induced barrier disruption, by inhibiting Hla-triggered E-cadherin and ZO-1 impairment. Overall, by blocking activity of Hla, TF3 subsequently subdued the inflammation and protected the epithelial barrier, which is considered as beneficial to relieving skin injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Goc
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dr. Rath Research Institute, San Jose, California, United States of America
| | - Waldemar Sumera
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dr. Rath Research Institute, San Jose, California, United States of America
| | - Matthias Rath
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dr. Rath Research Institute, San Jose, California, United States of America
| | - Aleksandra Niedzwiecki
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dr. Rath Research Institute, San Jose, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Goc A, Sumera W, Rath M, Niedzwiecki A. Phytochemicals and micronutrients in suppressing infectivity caused by SARS-CoV-2 virions and seasonal coronavirus HCoV-229E in vivo. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2023. [PMID: 37256738 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2023.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection still poses health threats especially to older and immunocompromised individuals. New emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2, including Omicron and Arcturus, have been challenging the effectiveness of humoral immunity resulting from repeated vaccination and infection. With recent study implying a wave of new mutants in vaccinated people making them more susceptible to the newest variants and fueling a rapid viral evolution, there is a need for alternative or adjunct approaches against coronavirus infections other than vaccines. Our earlier work indicated that a specific combination of micronutrients and phytochemicals can inhibit key infection mechanisms shared by SARS-CoV-2 and its variants in vitro. Here we demonstrate in vivo that an intake of this micronutrient combination before and during infection of mice with engineered SARS-CoV-2 virions and HCoV-229E virus results in a significant decrease in viral load and level of spike protein in the lungs. This was accompanied by decreased inflammatory response, including TNFα, IL1β, ILα, and IL17. These and our earlier results confirm that by targeting multiple mechanisms simultaneously by a combination treatment we can effectively and safely challenge SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-229E virus. If clinically confirmed, such an approach could complement already in-use preventive and therapeutic strategies against coronavirus infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Goc
- Dr. Rath Research Institute, 5941 Optical CT, San Jose, CA-95138, USA
| | - Waldemar Sumera
- Dr. Rath Research Institute, 5941 Optical CT, San Jose, CA-95138, USA
| | - Matthias Rath
- Dr. Rath Research Institute, 5941 Optical CT, San Jose, CA-95138, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pilz RA, Skowronek D, Mellinger L, Bekeschus S, Felbor U, Rath M. Endothelial Differentiation of CCM1 Knockout iPSCs Triggers the Establishment of a Specific Gene Expression Signature. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043993. [PMID: 36835400 PMCID: PMC9963194 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is a neurovascular disease that can lead to seizures and stroke-like symptoms. The familial form is caused by a heterozygous germline mutation in either the CCM1, CCM2, or CCM3 gene. While the importance of a second-hit mechanism in CCM development is well established, it is still unclear whether it immediately triggers CCM development or whether additional external factors are required. We here used RNA sequencing to study differential gene expression in CCM1 knockout induced pluripotent stem cells (CCM1-/- iPSCs), early mesoderm progenitor cells (eMPCs), and endothelial-like cells (ECs). Notably, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated inactivation of CCM1 led to hardly any gene expression differences in iPSCs and eMPCs. However, after differentiation into ECs, we found the significant deregulation of signaling pathways well known to be involved in CCM pathogenesis. These data suggest that a microenvironment of proangiogenic cytokines and growth factors can trigger the establishment of a characteristic gene expression signature upon CCM1 inactivation. Consequently, CCM1-/- precursor cells may exist that remain silent until entering the endothelial lineage. Collectively, not only downstream consequences of CCM1 ablation but also supporting factors must be addressed in CCM therapy development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin A. Pilz
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald and Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dariush Skowronek
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald and Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lara Mellinger
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald and Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sander Bekeschus
- ZIK Plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ute Felbor
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald and Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Rath
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald and Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Human Medicine and Institute for Molecular Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3834-865396
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Skowronek D, Pilz RA, Bonde L, Schamuhn OJ, Feldmann JL, Hoffjan S, Much CD, Felbor U, Rath M. Cas9-Mediated Nanopore Sequencing Enables Precise Characterization of Structural Variants in CCM Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415639. [PMID: 36555281 PMCID: PMC9779250 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Deletions in the CCM1, CCM2, and CCM3 genes are a common cause of familial cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs). In current molecular genetic laboratories, targeted next-generation sequencing or multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification are mostly used to identify copy number variants (CNVs). However, both techniques are limited in their ability to specify the breakpoints of CNVs and identify complex structural variants (SVs). To overcome these constraints, we established a targeted Cas9-mediated nanopore sequencing approach for CNV detection with single nucleotide resolution. Using a MinION device, we achieved complete coverage for the CCM genes and determined the exact size of CNVs in positive controls. Long-read sequencing for a CCM1 and CCM2 CNV revealed that the adjacent ANKIB1 and NACAD genes were also partially or completely deleted. In addition, an interchromosomal insertion and an inversion in CCM2 were reliably re-identified by long-read sequencing. The refinement of CNV breakpoints by long-read sequencing enabled fast and inexpensive PCR-based variant confirmation, which is highly desirable to reduce costs in subsequent family analyses. In conclusion, Cas9-mediated nanopore sequencing is a cost-effective and flexible tool for molecular genetic diagnostics which can be easily adapted to various target regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dariush Skowronek
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald and Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Robin A. Pilz
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald and Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Loisa Bonde
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald and Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ole J. Schamuhn
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald and Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Janne L. Feldmann
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald and Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sabine Hoffjan
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr-University, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Christiane D. Much
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald and Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ute Felbor
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald and Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Rath
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald and Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Human Medicine and Institute for Molecular Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Goc A, Rath M, Niedzwiecki A. Inhibition of Borrelia Burgdorferi-Induced TLR2-NFκB Canonical Signaling by Gallic Acid through Targeting the CD14+ Adaptor Protein and p65 Molecule. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231910987. [PMID: 36232290 PMCID: PMC9570260 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231910987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cases of Lyme disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi infection have been increasing throughout Northern America and Europe. This pathogen, if not treated in a timely manner with antibiotics, can cause persisting and debilitating health outcomes. In the search for novel agents against B. burgdorferi, we investigated a phenolic compound—gallic acid—for its anti-Borrelia and anti-inflammatory effects. Our results showed its biocidal effect starting from 100 μg/mL against active spirochetes, persisters/round-shaped bodies, and biofilm like aggregates of B. burgdorferi sensu stricto. Activation of macrophages by live B. burgdorferi also resulted in a robust NFκB-dependent proinflammatory responses seen in increased production of cytokines. Using human CD14+ macrophages in vitro, we showed that CD14+ adaptor and phosphorylated p65 molecule are impeded at nonbiocidal and noncytotoxic concentrations of gallic acid, resulting in the inhibition of both expression and secretion of cytokines IL1β, IL6, and TNFα. Our findings demonstrate efficacy of gallic acid against B. burgdorferi and provide potential mechanistic insight into its TLR2/CD14+-NFκB mediated mode of action. Further studies on the potential of gallic acid as a safe and effective compound against Borrelia-caused infection are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Goc
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (A.N.); Tel.: +1-408-588-7108 (A.G.); +1-408-567-5050 (A.N.); Fax: +1-408-748-1726 (A.G. & A.N.)
| | | | - Aleksandra Niedzwiecki
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (A.N.); Tel.: +1-408-588-7108 (A.G.); +1-408-567-5050 (A.N.); Fax: +1-408-748-1726 (A.G. & A.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pilz RA, Skowronek D, Hamed M, Weise A, Mangold E, Radbruch A, Pietsch T, Felbor U, Rath M. Using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in human iPSCs for deciphering the pathogenicity of a novel CCM1 transcription start site deletion. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:953048. [PMID: 36090026 PMCID: PMC9453596 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.953048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformations are clusters of aberrant vessels that can lead to severe neurological complications. Pathogenic loss-of-function variants in the CCM1, CCM2, or CCM3 gene are associated with the autosomal dominant form of the disease. While interpretation of variants in protein-coding regions of the genes is relatively straightforward, functional analyses are often required to evaluate the impact of non-coding variants. Because of multiple alternatively spliced transcripts and different transcription start points, interpretation of variants in the 5′ untranslated and upstream regions of CCM1 is particularly challenging. Here, we identified a novel deletion of the non-coding exon 1 of CCM1 in a proband with multiple CCMs which was initially classified as a variant of unknown clinical significance. Using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in human iPSCs, we show that the deletion leads to loss of CCM1 protein and deregulation of KLF2, THBS1, NOS3, and HEY2 expression in iPSC-derived endothelial cells. Based on these results, the variant could be reclassified as likely pathogenic. Taken together, variants in regulatory regions need to be considered in genetic CCM analyses. Our study also demonstrates that modeling variants of unknown clinical significance in an iPSC-based system can help to come to a final diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin A. Pilz
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald, and Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dariush Skowronek
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald, and Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Motaz Hamed
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anja Weise
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Mangold
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Torsten Pietsch
- Institute of Neuropathology, DGNN Brain Tumor Reference Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ute Felbor
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald, and Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Rath
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald, and Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- *Correspondence: Matthias Rath,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Goc A, Rath M, Niedzwiecki A. Composition of naturally occurring compounds decreases activity of Omicron and SARS-CoV-2 RdRp complex. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2022; 12:39-45. [PMID: 35895480 PMCID: PMC9630930 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2022.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Naturally-occurring compounds are acknowledged for their broad antiviral efficacy. Little is however known about their mutual cooperation. Here, we evaluated in vitro efficacy of the defined mixture of agents against the RdRp complex of the original SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron variant. This composition of vitamin C, N-acetylcysteine, resveratrol, theaflavin, curcumin, quercetin, naringenin, baicalin, and broccoli extract showed to inhibit activity of RdRp/nsp7/nsp8 both these variants. In vitro exposure of recombinant RdRp complex to individual compounds of this composition pointed to quercetin as the driving inhibitory compound. The outcome of this study supports the motion of antiviral efficacy of natural compounds against SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron and implies that their reciprocal or mutual interaction may augment antiviral action through simultaneous effect on different mechanisms. Consequently, this makes it more difficult for an infectious agent to evade all these mechanisms at the same time. Considering the urgency in finding effective prevention, but also side-effects free treatment of COVID-19 our results call for clinical affirmation of the benefits of this micronutrient combination in both preventive and therapeutic aspects. Whether observed effects can be achieved, by concentrations of the active agents used in these in vitro experiments, in in vivo or clinical setting warrants further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Goc
- Dr. Rath Research Institute, 5941 Optical Ct., San Jose, CA 95138, USA
| | - Matthias Rath
- Dr. Rath Research Institute, 5941 Optical Ct., San Jose, CA 95138, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rath M, Schwefel K, Malinverno M, Skowronek D, Leopoldi A, Pilz RA, Biedenweg D, Bekeschus S, Penninger JM, Dejana E, Felbor U. Contact-dependent signaling triggers tumor-like proliferation of CCM3 knockout endothelial cells in co-culture with wild-type cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:340. [PMID: 35661927 PMCID: PMC9166869 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04355-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) are low-flow vascular lesions prone to cause severe hemorrhage-associated neurological complications. Pathogenic germline variants in CCM1, CCM2, or CCM3 can be identified in nearly 100% of CCM patients with a positive family history. In line with the concept that tumor-like mechanisms are involved in CCM formation and growth, we here demonstrate an abnormally increased proliferation rate of CCM3-deficient endothelial cells in co-culture with wild-type cells and in mosaic human iPSC-derived vascular organoids. The observation that NSC59984, an anticancer drug, blocked the abnormal proliferation of mutant endothelial cells further supports this intriguing concept. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting and RNA sequencing revealed that co-culture induces upregulation of proangiogenic chemokine genes in wild-type endothelial cells. Furthermore, genes known to be significantly downregulated in CCM3−/− endothelial cell mono-cultures were upregulated back to normal levels in co-culture with wild-type cells. These results support the hypothesis that wild-type ECs facilitate the formation of a niche that promotes abnormal proliferation of mutant ECs. Thus, targeting the cancer-like features of CCMs is a promising new direction for drug development.
Collapse
|
11
|
Byrne AB, Brouillard P, Sutton DL, Kazenwadel J, Montazaribarforoushi S, Secker GA, Oszmiana A, Babic M, Betterman KL, Brautigan PJ, White M, Piltz SG, Thomas PQ, Hahn CN, Rath M, Felbor U, Korenke GC, Smith CL, Wood KH, Sheppard SE, Adams DM, Kariminejad A, Helaers R, Boon LM, Revencu N, Moore L, Barnett C, Haan E, Arts P, Vikkula M, Scott HS, Harvey NL. Pathogenic variants in MDFIC cause recessive central conducting lymphatic anomaly with lymphedema. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabm4869. [PMID: 35235341 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abm4869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Central conducting lymphatic anomaly (CCLA), characterized by the dysfunction of core collecting lymphatic vessels including the thoracic duct and cisterna chyli, and presenting as chylothorax, pleural effusions, chylous ascites, and lymphedema, is a severe disorder often resulting in fetal or perinatal demise. Although pathogenic variants in RAS/mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway components have been documented in some patients with CCLA, the genetic etiology of the disorder remains uncharacterized in most cases. Here, we identified biallelic pathogenic variants in MDFIC, encoding the MyoD family inhibitor domain containing protein, in seven individuals with CCLA from six independent families. Clinical manifestations of affected fetuses and children included nonimmune hydrops fetalis (NIHF), pleural and pericardial effusions, and lymphedema. Generation of a mouse model of human MDFIC truncation variants revealed that homozygous mutant mice died perinatally exhibiting chylothorax. The lymphatic vasculature of homozygous Mdfic mutant mice was profoundly mispatterned and exhibited major defects in lymphatic vessel valve development. Mechanistically, we determined that MDFIC controls collective cell migration, an important early event during the formation of lymphatic vessel valves, by regulating integrin β1 activation and the interaction between lymphatic endothelial cells and their surrounding extracellular matrix. Our work identifies MDFIC variants underlying human lymphatic disease and reveals a crucial, previously unrecognized role for MDFIC in the lymphatic vasculature. Ultimately, understanding the genetic and mechanistic basis of CCLA will facilitate the development and implementation of new therapeutic approaches to effectively treat this complex disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia B Byrne
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, 5001 Adelaide, Australia.,Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, 5001 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Pascal Brouillard
- Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, University of Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Drew L Sutton
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, 5001 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jan Kazenwadel
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, 5001 Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Genevieve A Secker
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, 5001 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Anna Oszmiana
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, 5001 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Milena Babic
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, 5001 Adelaide, Australia.,Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, 5000 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kelly L Betterman
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, 5001 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Peter J Brautigan
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, 5001 Adelaide, Australia.,Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, 5000 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Melissa White
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, 5005 Adelaide, Australia.,Genome Editing Program, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, 5000 Adelaide, Australia.,South Australian Genome Editing Facility, University of Adelaide, 5005 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sandra G Piltz
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, 5005 Adelaide, Australia.,Genome Editing Program, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, 5000 Adelaide, Australia.,South Australian Genome Editing Facility, University of Adelaide, 5005 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Paul Q Thomas
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, 5005 Adelaide, Australia.,Genome Editing Program, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, 5000 Adelaide, Australia.,South Australian Genome Editing Facility, University of Adelaide, 5005 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Christopher N Hahn
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, 5001 Adelaide, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, 5005 Adelaide, Australia.,Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, 5000 Adelaide, Australia.,ACRF Cancer Genomics Facility, Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, 5001 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Matthias Rath
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald and Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ute Felbor
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald and Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - G Christoph Korenke
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Children's Hospital, Klinikum Oldenburg, 26133 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Christopher L Smith
- Jill and Mark Fishman Center for Lymphatic Disorders, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Pediatrics Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kathleen H Wood
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sarah E Sheppard
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Denise M Adams
- Vascular Anomalies Centre, Division of Haematology/Oncology, Cancer and Blood Disorders Centre, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, PA 02115, USA
| | | | - Raphael Helaers
- Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, University of Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurence M Boon
- Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, University of Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.,Center for Vascular Anomalies, Division of Plastic Surgery, VASCERN VASCA European Reference Centre, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc and University of Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicole Revencu
- Center for Vascular Anomalies, Division of Plastic Surgery, VASCERN VASCA European Reference Centre, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc and University of Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.,Centre for Human Genetics, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc and University of Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lynette Moore
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, 5005 Adelaide, Australia.,Anatomical Pathology, SA Pathology, 5000 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Christopher Barnett
- Paediatric and Reproductive Genetics Unit, South Australian Clinical Genetics Service, Women's and Children's Hospital, 5006 Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Eric Haan
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, 5005 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Peer Arts
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, 5001 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Miikka Vikkula
- Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, University of Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.,Center for Vascular Anomalies, Division of Plastic Surgery, VASCERN VASCA European Reference Centre, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc and University of Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.,Centre for Human Genetics, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc and University of Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.,Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hamish S Scott
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, 5001 Adelaide, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, 5005 Adelaide, Australia.,Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, 5000 Adelaide, Australia.,ACRF Cancer Genomics Facility, Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, 5001 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Natasha L Harvey
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, 5001 Adelaide, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, 5005 Adelaide, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Goc A, Niedzwiecki A, Ivanov V, Ivanova S, Rath M. Inhibitory effects of specific combination of natural compounds against SARS-CoV-2 and its Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Kappa, and Mu variants. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2022; 11:87-94. [PMID: 35060921 PMCID: PMC8830412 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2021.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite vaccine availability, the global spread of COVID-19 continues, largely facilitated by emerging SARS-CoV-2 mutations. Our earlier research documented that a specific combination of plant-derived compounds can inhibit SARS-CoV-2 binding to its ACE2 receptor and controlling key cellular mechanisms of viral infectivity. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of a defined mixture of plant extracts and micronutrients against original SARS-CoV-2 and its Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Kappa, and Mu variants. The composition containing vitamin C, N-acetylcysteine, resveratrol, theaflavin, curcumin, quercetin, naringenin, baicalin, and broccoli extract demonstrated a highest efficacy by inhibiting the receptor-binding domain (RBD) binding of SARS-CoV-2 to its cellular ACE2 receptor by 90%. In vitro exposure of test pseudo-typed variants to this formula for 1 h before or simultaneously administrated to human pulmonary cells resulted in up to 60% inhibition in their cellular entry. Additionally, this composition significantly inhibited other cellular mechanisms of viral infectivity, including the activity of viral RdRp, furin, and cathepsin L. These findings demonstrate the efficacy of natural compounds against SARS-CoV-2 including its mutated forms through pleiotropic mechanisms. Our results imply that simultaneous inhibition of multiple mechanisms of viral infection of host cells could be an effective strategy to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Goc
- Dr. Rath Research Institute, 5941 Optical Ct., San Jose, CA 95138,USA
| | | | - Vadim Ivanov
- Dr. Rath Research Institute, 5941 Optical Ct., San Jose, CA 95138,USA
| | - Svetlana Ivanova
- Dr. Rath Research Institute, 5941 Optical Ct., San Jose, CA 95138,USA
| | - Matthias Rath
- Dr. Rath Research Institute, 5941 Optical Ct., San Jose, CA 95138,USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Szabo B, Mangione R, Rath M, Pašukonis A, Reber SA, Oh J, Ringler M, Ringler E. Naive poison frog tadpoles use bi-modal cues to avoid insect predators but not heterospecific predatory tadpoles. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:jeb243647. [PMID: 34845497 PMCID: PMC8729909 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.243647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
For animals to survive until reproduction, it is crucial that juveniles successfully detect potential predators and respond with appropriate behavior. The recognition of cues originating from predators can be innate or learned. Cues of various modalities might be used alone or in multi-modal combinations to detect and distinguish predators but studies investigating multi-modal integration in predator avoidance are scarce. Here, we used wild, naive tadpoles of the Neotropical poison frog Allobates femoralis ( Boulenger, 1884) to test their reaction to cues with two modalities from two different sympatrically occurring potential predators: heterospecific predatory Dendrobates tinctorius tadpoles and dragonfly larvae. We presented A. femoralis tadpoles with olfactory or visual cues, or a combination of the two, and compared their reaction to a water control in a between-individual design. In our trials, A. femoralis tadpoles reacted to multi-modal stimuli (a combination of visual and chemical information) originating from dragonfly larvae with avoidance but showed no reaction to uni-modal cues or cues from heterospecific tadpoles. In addition, visual cues from conspecifics increased swimming activity while cues from predators had no effect on tadpole activity. Our results show that A. femoralis tadpoles can innately recognize some predators and probably need both visual and chemical information to effectively avoid them. This is the first study looking at anti-predator behavior in poison frog tadpoles. We discuss how parental care might influence the expression of predator avoidance responses in tadpoles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Szabo
- Division of Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Wohlenstrasse 50a, 3032 Hinterkappelen, Switzerland
| | - Rosanna Mangione
- Division of Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Wohlenstrasse 50a, 3032 Hinterkappelen, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Rath
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrius Pašukonis
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- CEFE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 34293 Montpellier 5, France
| | - Stephan A. Reber
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Lund University Cognitive Science, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
- Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jinook Oh
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Cremer Group, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Max Ringler
- Division of Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Wohlenstrasse 50a, 3032 Hinterkappelen, Switzerland
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Electronic Music and Acoustics, University of Music and Performing Arts Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Ringler
- Division of Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Wohlenstrasse 50a, 3032 Hinterkappelen, Switzerland
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Skowronek D, Pilz RA, Schwefel K, Much CD, Felbor U, Rath M. Bringing CCM into a dish: cell culture models for cerebral cavernous malformations. MED GENET-BERLIN 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/medgen-2021-2091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are vascular lesions that can cause severe neurological complications due to intracranial hemorrhage. Although the CCM disease genes, CCM1, CCM2, and CCM3, have been known for more than 15 years now, our understanding of CCM pathogenesis is still incomplete. CCM research currently focuses on three main disease mechanisms: (1) clonal expansion of endothelial cells with biallelic inactivation of CCM1, CCM2, or CCM3, (2) recruitment of cells with preserved CCM protein expression into the growing lesion, and (3) disruption of endothelial cell–cell junctions in CCMs. We here describe novel CRISPR/Cas9-based in vitro models of CCM and discuss their strengths and limitations in the context of high-throughput drug screening and repurposing approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dariush Skowronek
- Department of Human Genetics , University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald , Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics , University of Greifswald , Greifswald , Germany
| | - Robin A. Pilz
- Department of Human Genetics , University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald , Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics , University of Greifswald , Greifswald , Germany
| | - Konrad Schwefel
- Department of Human Genetics , University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald , Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics , University of Greifswald , Greifswald , Germany
| | - Christiane D. Much
- Department of Human Genetics , University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald , Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics , University of Greifswald , Greifswald , Germany
| | - Ute Felbor
- Department of Human Genetics , University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald , Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics , University of Greifswald , Greifswald , Germany
| | - Matthias Rath
- Department of Human Genetics , University Medicine Greifswald , Fleischmannstraße 43 , Greifswald , Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics , University of Greifswald , Greifswald , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rath M, Felbor U. Cellular models of genetic diseases. MED GENET-BERLIN 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/medgen-2021-2095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Rath
- University Medicine Greifswald , Department of Human Genetics , Fleischmannstraße 43 , Greifswald , Germany
| | - Ute Felbor
- University Medicine Greifswald , Department of Human Genetics , Fleischmannstraße 43 , Greifswald , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Roomi MW, Bhanap B, Niedzwiecki A, Rath M. A nutrient mixture reduced tumor growth of SK-UT-1 human leiomyosarcoma cells in vivo and in vitro by inhibiting MMPs and inducing apoptosis. Exp Oncol 2021; 43:209-216. [PMID: 34591419 DOI: 10.32471/exp-oncology.2312-8852.vol-43-no-3.16604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uterine leiomyosarcoma is a rare malignant smooth muscle tumor originating in the uterine wall that generally responds poorly to chemotherapy and radiation. AIM We investigated the in vitro effects of a novel nutrient mixture containing lysine, proline, ascorbic acid, and green tea extract on the human leiomyosarcoma cell line SK-UT-1 by measuring cell proliferation, invasiveness, apoptosis, and expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP). We also tested the effects of nutrient mixture in vivo using nude mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human leiomyosarcoma SK-UT-1 cells were treated with different concentrations of nutrient mixture. Cell proliferation was determined by MTT assay; MMP expression by gelatinase zymography; invasion by Matrigel assay; migration by scratch test; apoptosis using Live Green caspase kit. In vivo studies were conducted on 5-6 weeks old female nude mice inoculated subcutaneously with 3 • 106 SK-UT-1 cells. The mice were fed a regular diet or a diet supplemented with 0.5% nutrient mixture. After four weeks, the mice were sacrificed and the tumors were weighed and processed for histology. RESULTS In vitro, nutrient mixture treatment was not toxic to SK-UT-1 cells at 250 µg/ml but exhibited 20% and 40% cytotoxicity at 500 and 1000 µg/ml respectively. Zymography did not show bands for either MMP-2 or MMP-9 in SK-UT-1 cells. However, treatment with phorbol myristate acetate stimulated the expression of MMP-9, both active and inactive forms in equal proportion. Nutrient mixture inhibited the secretion of both active and inactive forms in a dose dependent manner. Invasion through Matrigel and migration by scratch test were inhibited in a dose dependent fashion, with both invasion and migration inhibited at 250 µg/ml. Live Green Caspase apoptosis assay demonstrated slight apoptosis at 100 µg/ml and significant apoptosis at 250 to 1000 µg/ml. The results of in vitro studies were further confirmed in vivo by showing 50% decrease in tumor weight, 40% reduction in tumor burden compared to the tumors from mice fed regular diet. CONCLUSION The results suggest a therapeutic potential for nutrient mixture in uterine leiomyosarcoma treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M W Roomi
- Dr. Rath Research Institute, Cancer Division, San Jose, CA 95138, USA
| | - B Bhanap
- Dr. Rath Research Institute, Cancer Division, San Jose, CA 95138, USA
| | - A Niedzwiecki
- Dr. Rath Research Institute, Cancer Division, San Jose, CA 95138, USA
| | - M Rath
- Dr. Rath Research Institute, Cancer Division, San Jose, CA 95138, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Much CD, Sendtner BS, Schwefel K, Freund E, Bekeschus S, Otto O, Pagenstecher A, Felbor U, Rath M, Spiegler S. Inactivation of Cerebral Cavernous Malformation Genes Results in Accumulation of von Willebrand Factor and Redistribution of Weibel-Palade Bodies in Endothelial Cells. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:622547. [PMID: 34307446 PMCID: PMC8298835 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.622547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformations are slow-flow thrombi-containing vessels induced by two-step inactivation of the CCM1, CCM2 or CCM3 gene within endothelial cells. They predispose to intracerebral bleedings and focal neurological deficits. Our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that trigger endothelial dysfunction in cavernous malformations is still incomplete. To model both, hereditary and sporadic CCM disease, blood outgrowth endothelial cells (BOECs) with a heterozygous CCM1 germline mutation and immortalized wild-type human umbilical vein endothelial cells were subjected to CRISPR/Cas9-mediated CCM1 gene disruption. CCM1 -/- BOECs demonstrated alterations in cell morphology, actin cytoskeleton dynamics, tube formation, and expression of the transcription factors KLF2 and KLF4. Furthermore, high VWF immunoreactivity was observed in CCM1 -/- BOECs, in immortalized umbilical vein endothelial cells upon CRISPR/Cas9-induced inactivation of either CCM1, CCM2 or CCM3 as well as in CCM tissue samples of familial cases. Observer-independent high-content imaging revealed a striking reduction of perinuclear Weibel-Palade bodies in unstimulated CCM1 -/- BOECs which was observed in CCM1 +/- BOECs only after stimulation with PMA or histamine. Our results demonstrate that CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing is a powerful tool to model different aspects of CCM disease in vitro and that CCM1 inactivation induces high-level expression of VWF and redistribution of Weibel-Palade bodies within endothelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane D. Much
- Department of Human Genetics, Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Barbara S. Sendtner
- Department of Human Genetics, Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Konrad Schwefel
- Department of Human Genetics, Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Eric Freund
- Centre for Innovation Competence (ZIK) plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sander Bekeschus
- Centre for Innovation Competence (ZIK) plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Oliver Otto
- Centre for Innovation Competence (ZIK) ‐ Humoral Immune Reactions in Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Axel Pagenstecher
- Department of Neuropathology, Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University Hospital Giessen and MarburgMarburg, Germany
| | - Ute Felbor
- Department of Human Genetics, Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Rath
- Department of Human Genetics, Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefanie Spiegler
- Department of Human Genetics, Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Shi L, Niedzwiecki A, Rath M. Age and Dietary Vitamin C Intake Affect Brain Physiology in Genetically Modified Mice Expressing Human Lipoprotein(A) and Unable to Synthesize Vitamin C. Curr Aging Sci 2021; 14:223-234. [PMID: 34229598 DOI: 10.2174/1874609814666210706170326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Lipoprotein (a) deposition in coronary vascular plaques and cerebral vessels is a recognized risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and research supports its role as a "repair factor" in vascular walls weakened by vitamin C deficiency. BACKGROUND Humans depend on dietary vitamin C as an important antioxidant, and as a cofactor in collagen synthesis, yet are prone to vitamin C deficiency. The brain is the one with the highest vitamin C content, due to its high oxygen consumption and oxidative stress. It has been shown that brain aging is accompanied by accumulated oxidative damage, which can lead to memory decline and neurological diseases. OBJECTIVE Our transgenic mouse, Gulo (-/-); Lp(a)+, presents a unique model for the study of key aspects of human metabolism with respect to a lack of internal vitamin C synthesis and the production of human Lipoprotein(a). METHOD This mouse model was used in our study to investigate the effects of prolonged intake of low and high levels of vitamin C, at different ages, on oxidative damage, cholesterol levels and Lipoprotein(a) deposition in the brain. RESULT The results show that a long-term high vitamin C intake is important in maintaining brain cholesterol homeostasis and preventing oxidative damage in Gulo(-/-);Lp(a)+ mice as they age. Moreover, we observed that the formation of brain Lipoprotein(a) deposits was negatively correlated with brain level of vitamin C, thereby confirming its role as a stability factor for an impaired extracellular matrix. CONCLUSION Our study emphasizes the critical role of vitamin C in protecting brain health as we age. Other: Our findings show that optimal vitamin C intake from early life to old age is important in brain health to prevent oxidative stress damage and to maintain cholesterol homeostasis in the brain. More importantly, negative correlation between brain ascorbic levels and the formation of Lp(a) deposit on the choroid plexus further emphasizes the critical role of vitamin C in protecting brain health throughout the normal aging process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- Research, Dr. Rath Research Institute 5941 Optical Ct, San Jose, CA 95138, San Jose, CA, United States
| | - Aleksandra Niedzwiecki
- Research, Dr. Rath Research Institute 5941 Optical Ct, San Jose, CA 95138, San Jose, CA, United States
| | - Matthias Rath
- Research, Dr. Rath Research Institute 5941 Optical Ct, San Jose, CA 95138, San Jose, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Shoubash L, Baldauf J, Matthes M, Kirsch M, Rath M, Felbor U, Schroeder HWS. Long-term outcome and quality of life after CNS cavernoma resection: eloquent vs. non-eloquent areas. Neurosurg Rev 2021; 45:649-660. [PMID: 34164745 PMCID: PMC8827309 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-021-01572-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to analyze the long-term quality of life after surgery of cavernoma. A monocentric retrospective study was conducted on 69 patients with cavernoma treated microsurgically between 2000 and 2016. The eloquence was adopted from Spetzler-Martin definition. A most recent follow-up was elicited between 2017 and 2019, in which the quality of life (QoL) was evaluated with the Short Form-12 questionnaire (SF12). Forty-one lesions were in eloquent group (EG), 22 in non-eloquent group (NEG), 3 in orbit, and 3 in the spinal cord. Postoperative worsening of the modified Rankin scale (mRS) occurred in 19.5% of cases in EG versus 4.5% in NEG. After a mean follow-up of 6.5 years (SD 4.6), the neurological status was better or unchanged compared to baseline in 85.4% of EG and 100% of NEG. Regarding QoL assessment of 44 patients (EG n = 27, NEG n = 14) attended the last follow-up. Patients after eloquent cavernoma resection reported a non-inferior QoL in most SF12 domains (except for physical role) compared to NEG. However, they reported general health perception inferior to norms, which was affected by the limited physical and emotional roles. At a late follow-up, the surgical morbidity was transient in the NEG and mostly recovered in the EG. The QoL comparison between eloquent and non-eloquent cavernomas created interesting and new data after prolonged follow-up. These results add value for decision-making as well as patient counseling for future encountered cases. Preoperative evaluation of QoL is recommended for future studies to assess QoL dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loay Shoubash
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Strasse, 17475, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Jörg Baldauf
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Strasse, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marc Matthes
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Strasse, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Kirsch
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Rath
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald and Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ute Felbor
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald and Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry W S Schroeder
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Strasse, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Goc A, Sumera W, Rath M, Niedzwiecki A. Phenolic compounds disrupt spike-mediated receptor-binding and entry of SARS-CoV-2 pseudo-virions. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253489. [PMID: 34138966 PMCID: PMC8211150 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the pursuit of suitable and effective solutions to SARS-CoV-2 infection, we investigated the efficacy of several phenolic compounds in controlling key cellular mechanisms involved in its infectivity. The way the SARS-CoV-2 virus infects the cell is a complex process and comprises four main stages: attachment to the cognate receptor, cellular entry, replication and cellular egress. Since, this is a multi-part process, it creates many opportunities to develop effective interventions. Targeting binding of the virus to the host receptor in order to prevent its entry has been of particular interest. Here, we provide experimental evidence that, among 56 tested polyphenols, including plant extracts, brazilin, theaflavin-3,3'-digallate, and curcumin displayed the highest binding with the receptor-binding domain of spike protein, inhibiting viral attachment to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor, and thus cellular entry of pseudo-typed SARS-CoV-2 virions. Both, theaflavin-3,3'-digallate at 25 μg/ml and curcumin above 10 μg/ml concentration, showed binding with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor reducing at the same time its activity in both cell-free and cell-based assays. Our study also demonstrates that brazilin and theaflavin-3,3'-digallate, and to a still greater extent, curcumin, decrease the activity of transmembrane serine protease 2 both in cell-free and cell-based assays. Similar pattern was observed with cathepsin L, although only theaflavin-3,3'-digallate showed a modest diminution of cathepsin L expression at protein level. Finally, each of these three compounds moderately increased endosomal/lysosomal pH. In conclusion, this study demonstrates pleiotropic anti-SARS-CoV-2 efficacy of specific polyphenols and their prospects for further scientific and clinical investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Goc
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dr. Rath Research Institute, San Jose, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AN); (AG)
| | - Waldemar Sumera
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dr. Rath Research Institute, San Jose, California, United States of America
| | - Matthias Rath
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dr. Rath Research Institute, San Jose, California, United States of America
| | - Aleksandra Niedzwiecki
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dr. Rath Research Institute, San Jose, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AN); (AG)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Shi L, Rath M, Niedzwiecki A. Dietary Vitamin C and Age-Induced Lipid and Hormonal Metabolic Changes in a Humanized Mouse Model Not Synthesizing Vitamin C and Producing Lipoprotein(a) [Gulo (-/-); Lp(a)+]. J Nutr Metab 2021; 2021:5591697. [PMID: 34221500 PMCID: PMC8221897 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5591697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of ability to produce vitamin C innately and the ability to synthesize human lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) are two unique metabolic features present in humans, compared with most other animal species. The Gulo (-/-) and Lp(a)+ mouse model displays these two features and is therefore suitable for the study of metabolic aspects relevant to human metabolism. It is a well-known fact that vitamin C is essential in collagen synthesis, and in maintaining extracellular matrix integrity, as well as being a powerful antioxidant and cofactor in many metabolic pathways, which makes it a critically important micronutrient for health and healthy aging. In this study, we investigated the effects of a long-term intake of high and low doses of vitamin C on age-related metabolic lipid and hormonal changes in young (eight to nine months), mid-aged (one year), and old (two years) Gulo (-/-) and Lp(a)+ mice. We observed that chronic vitamin C deficiency resulted in a less healthy metabolic lipid profile, impaired serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), and sex-hormones secretion, all of which can accelerate the development of various pathological conditions in the aging process. The most susceptible to the negative impact of vitamin C deficiency were the young (eight to nine months) and old (two years) mice. Our study conducted in this humanized mouse model indicates that sustained adequate vitamin C intake is essential in maintaining a healthier metabolic profile, important in preventing age-related pathologies throughout the aging process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- Dr. Rath Research Institute, 5941 Optical Ct, San Jose, California 95138, USA
| | - Matthias Rath
- Dr. Rath Research Institute, 5941 Optical Ct, San Jose, California 95138, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ivanov V, Goc A, Ivanova S, Niedzwiecki A, Rath M. Inhibition of ACE2 Expression by Ascorbic Acid Alone and its Combinations with Other Natural Compounds. Infect Dis (Lond) 2021; 14:1178633721994605. [PMID: 33642866 PMCID: PMC7890723 DOI: 10.1177/1178633721994605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiotensin-converting enzyme II or ACE2 is an integral membrane protein present on many types of cells, including vascular endothelial cells and lung alveolar epithelial cells. This receptor serves as the entry point for SARS-coronaviruses (SARS-CoVs), including a novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV. Limited availability of these receptors can thwart cellular entry of this virus. METHODS We tested the effects of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) on cellular expression of ACE2 at the protein and RNA levels in human small alveolar epithelial cells and microvascular endothelial cells. In addition, we investigated whether combinations of ascorbic acid with other natural compounds can affect ACE2 expression. RESULTS The results show that ascorbic acid itself has moderate but consistent lowering effects on ACE2 expression at the cellular, protein, and RNA levels. Some natural compounds were effective in lowering ACE2 cellular expression, with the highest inhibitory effects observed for baicalin (75%) and theaflavin (50%). Significantly, combinations of these and other test compounds with ascorbic acid further decreased ACE2 expression. The highest impact of ascorbate on ACE2 expression was noted when combined with theaflavin (decrease from 50% to 87%), zinc (decrease from 22% to 62%), and with 10-undecenoic acid (from 18% to 53%). Ascorbic acid showed moderate additional benefits in decreasing ACE2 expression when combined with N-acetylcysteine and baicalin. CONCLUSION Our study provides valuable experimental confirmation of the efficacy of micronutrients in controlling ACE2 expression-the coronavirus cellular "entry" point. It further validates the importance of nutrient interactions in various aspects of cellular metabolism and in considering potential therapeutic applications of nutrient-based approaches. The study shows that ascorbic acid and its combination with some natural compounds could be included in developing preventive and therapeutic approaches toward the current pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Aleksandra Niedzwiecki
- Aleksandra Niedzwiecki, Department of Infectious Diseases, Dr. Rath Research Institute, 5941 Optical Ct, San Jose, CA 95138, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sahin D, Arenas-Ramirez N, Rath M, Karakus U, Hümbelin M, van Gogh M, Borsig L, Boyman O. An IL-2-grafted antibody immunotherapy with potent efficacy against metastatic cancer. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6440. [PMID: 33353953 PMCID: PMC7755894 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20220-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Modified interleukin-2 (IL-2) formulations are being tested in cancer patients. However, IL-2 immunotherapy damages IL-2 receptor (IL-2R)-positive endothelial cells and stimulates IL-2Rα (CD25)-expressing lymphocytes that curtail anti-tumor responses. A first generation of IL-2Rβ (CD122)-biased IL-2s addressed some of these drawbacks. Here, we present a second-generation CD122-biased IL-2, developed by splitting and permanently grafting unmutated human IL-2 (hIL-2) to its antigen-binding groove on the anti-hIL-2 monoclonal antibody NARA1, thereby generating NARA1leukin. In comparison to hIL-2/NARA1 complexes, NARA1leukin shows a longer in vivo half-life, completely avoids association with CD25, and more potently stimulates CD8+ T and natural killer cells. These effects result in strong anti-tumor responses in various pre-clinical cancer models, whereby NARA1leukin consistently surpasses the efficacy of hIL-2/NARA1 complexes in controlling metastatic disease. Collectively, NARA1leukin is a CD122-biased single-molecule construct based on unmutated hIL-2 with potent efficacy against advanced malignancies. IL-2/anti-IL-2 complexes have been proposed to curtail the severe adverse effects associated with IL-2 immunotherapy. Here, the authors, by integrating unmutated human IL-2 in the antigen binding groove of an anti-IL-2 monoclonal antibody, generate a CD122-biased fusion protein that prevents binding of IL-2 to CD25 and promotes anti-tumor immune response in several preclinical metastatic cancer models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dilara Sahin
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Matthias Rath
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ufuk Karakus
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Monika Hümbelin
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Merel van Gogh
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lubor Borsig
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Onur Boyman
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, CH-8006, Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Freiberk LM, Rath M, Brucker C. Einfluss von Yoga auf die psychische Befindlichkeit und Schmerzwahrnehmung bei Patientinnen mit Mammakarzinom: eine randomisierte und kontrollierte Pilotstudie. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1717848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - M Rath
- Paracelsus Universität Klinikum Nürnberg
| | - C Brucker
- Paracelsus Universität Klinikum Nürnberg
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ivanov V, Ivanova S, Niedzwiecki A, Rath M. Fat-Soluble Vitamins Affect Composition of Extracellular Matrix Deposited by Human Aortic Smooth Muscle and Endothelial Cells In Vitro. CURR TOP NUTRACEUT R 2020. [DOI: 10.37290/ctnr2641-452x.19:36-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is accompanied by changes in arterial connective tissue. We evaluated the effects of fat-soluble vitamins A, D, and E individually and in combinations on the composition of extracellular matrix produced and deposited by arterial wall cells, human aortic smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells. Individually, vitamins D and E stimulated collagen type I extracellular matrix deposition in human aortic smooth muscle cell cultures. However, vitamins A, D, and E reduced collagen type IV deposition by human aortic smooth muscle cell, counteracting the stimulatory effects of vitamin C. The extracellular matrix deposition of heparan sulfate by human aortic smooth muscle cells increased by vitamin C and its combination (C+D+E). β-carotene + D + C induced the extracellular matrix deposition of collagen I by endothelial cells. Vitamin E with other vitamins resulted in either induction (E+C+A) or inhibition (E+D). The extracellular matrix deposition of type IV collagen and elastin by human aortic endothelial cells was not affected by test vitamins, except the extracellular matrix type IV collagen decrease by combinations (A+E), (A+D+E), and (C+D+E). The extracellular matrix deposition of all tested glycosaminoglycans was reduced by vitamin A and its combination (A+C+D+E). Therefore, the fat-soluble vitamins applied individually or in combination—both with each other or with ascorbic acid—can affect extracellular matrix deposition of type I and IV collagens, and key glycosaminoglycans by cultured human aortic arterial wall cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V. Ivanov
- Dr. Rath Research Institute, 5941 Optical Court, San Jose, CA 95138, USA
| | - S. Ivanova
- Dr. Rath Research Institute, 5941 Optical Court, San Jose, CA 95138, USA
| | - A. Niedzwiecki
- Dr. Rath Research Institute, 5941 Optical Court, San Jose, CA 95138, USA
| | - M. Rath
- Dr. Rath Research Institute, 5941 Optical Court, San Jose, CA 95138, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Rath M, Mead C, Freiberk L, Brucker C. Die Effekte einer begleitenden Yogatherapie auf die Schulterbeweglichkeit und körperliche Einschränkung beim primären Mammakarzinom. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1714024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Rath
- Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe Nürnberg, Universitätsklinik der Paracelsus Medizinischen Privatuniversität
| | - C Mead
- Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe Nürnberg, Universitätsklinik der Paracelsus Medizinischen Privatuniversität
| | - L Freiberk
- Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe Nürnberg, Universitätsklinik der Paracelsus Medizinischen Privatuniversität
| | - C Brucker
- Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe Nürnberg, Universitätsklinik der Paracelsus Medizinischen Privatuniversität
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Rath M, Crenshaw NJ, Lofton LW, Glenn AE, Gold SE. FvSTUA is a Key Regulator of Sporulation, Toxin Synthesis, and Virulence in Fusarium verticillioides. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2020; 33:958-971. [PMID: 32293993 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-09-19-0271-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium verticillioides is one of the most important pathogens of maize, causing rot and producing fumonisin mycotoxins during infection. Ingestion of fumonisin-contaminated corn causes underperformance and even fatal toxicity in livestock and is associated with neural tube birth defects, growth stunting in children, and some cancers. StuA, an APSES-class transcription factor, is a major developmental transcriptional regulator in fungi. It has been shown to regulate crucial developmental processes, such as sporulation, virulence, and mycotoxin synthesis among others. In this study, the role of FvSTUA in F. verticillioides was examined by characterizing ∆FvstuA deletion mutants functionally and transcriptomally. The deletion mutants exhibited reduced vegetative growth, stunted aerial hyphae, and significant reductions in microconidiation. Macroconidiation and hydrophobicity of the deletion strains were reduced as well. Additionally, fumonisin production and virulence of the deletion mutants were greatly reduced. Transcriptomic analysis revealed downregulation of expression of several genes in the fumonisin and fusarin C biosynthetic clusters and differential expression of genes involved in conidiation and virulence. Nuclear localization of FvSTUA supported its likely function as a transcription factor. Together, our results indicate that FvSTUA plays a global role in transcriptional regulation in F. verticillioides influencing morphogenesis, toxin production, and virulence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Rath
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, U.S.A
| | - N J Crenshaw
- USDA, ARS, US National Poultry Research Center, Toxicology & Mycotoxin Research Unit, Athens, GA, U.S.A
| | - L W Lofton
- USDA, ARS, US National Poultry Research Center, Toxicology & Mycotoxin Research Unit, Athens, GA, U.S.A
| | - A E Glenn
- USDA, ARS, US National Poultry Research Center, Toxicology & Mycotoxin Research Unit, Athens, GA, U.S.A
| | - S E Gold
- USDA, ARS, US National Poultry Research Center, Toxicology & Mycotoxin Research Unit, Athens, GA, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ivanov V, Ivanova S, Niedzwiecki A, Rath M. Vitamin C inhibits the calcification process in human vascular smooth muscle cells. Am J Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 10:108-116. [PMID: 32685268 PMCID: PMC7364280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Vascular calcification is a pathophysiological process that is associated with coronary atherosclerosis, and is a prognostic marker of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The process of arterial wall calcification is triggered and accompanied by pro-osteogenic phenotypical modifications of resident smooth muscle cells (SMC). Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is an essential nutrient required to support the production of extracellular matrix components and maintain healthy connective tissue. In this study we investigated the effects of ascorbic acid on cultured human aortic SMC calcification process in vitro. Our results demonstrate that supplementation of SMC cultures with ascorbic acid significantly decreases calcium accumulation in SMC-produced and -deposited extracellular matrix. These effects were accompanied by a reduction in cell-associated alkaline phosphatase activity. Significantly, treatment of cultured SMC with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, simvastatin and mevastatin, resulted in increased calcium accumulation in cultured SMC. These effects were blocked by ascorbic acid. The effects of ascorbic acid supplementation on pro-osteogenic modification were compared in different cell types. Analysis of the expression of osteogenic markers in cultured human aortic SMC, human dermal fibroblasts and immortalized human osteoblasts (hFOB) revealed cell type-specific responses to ascorbate supplementation. We conclude that ascorbic acid supplementation can actively and beneficially interfere with the process of arterial wall calcification, with potential implications for human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Ivanov
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Dr. Rath Research Institute 5941 Optical Court, San Jose, CA 95138, USA
| | - Svetlana Ivanova
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Dr. Rath Research Institute 5941 Optical Court, San Jose, CA 95138, USA
| | - Aleksandra Niedzwiecki
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Dr. Rath Research Institute 5941 Optical Court, San Jose, CA 95138, USA
| | - Matthias Rath
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Dr. Rath Research Institute 5941 Optical Court, San Jose, CA 95138, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Schwefel K, Spiegler S, Kirchmaier BC, Dellweg PKE, Much CD, Pané-Farré J, Strom TM, Riedel K, Felbor U, Rath M. Fibronectin rescues aberrant phenotype of endothelial cells lacking either CCM1, CCM2 or CCM3. FASEB J 2020; 34:9018-9033. [PMID: 32515053 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902888r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Loss-of-function variants in CCM1/KRIT1, CCM2, and CCM3/PDCD10 are associated with autosomal dominant cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs). CRISPR/Cas9-mediated CCM3 inactivation in human endothelial cells (ECs) has been shown to induce profound defects in cell-cell interaction as well as actin cytoskeleton organization. We here show that CCM3 inactivation impairs fibronectin expression and consequently leads to reduced fibers in the extracellular matrix. Despite the complexity and high molecular weight of fibronectin fibrils, our in vitro model allowed us to reveal that fibronectin supplementation restored aberrant spheroid formation as well as altered EC morphology, and suppressed actin stress fiber formation. Yet, fibronectin replacement neither enhanced the stability of tube-like structures nor inhibited the survival advantage of CCM3-/- ECs. Importantly, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated introduction of biallelic loss-of-function variants into either CCM1 or CCM2 demonstrated that the impaired production of a functional fibronectin matrix is a common feature of CCM1-, CCM2-, and CCM3-deficient ECs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Schwefel
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefanie Spiegler
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Bettina C Kirchmaier
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Patricia K E Dellweg
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christiane D Much
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jan Pané-Farré
- Department of Microbial Physiology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tim M Strom
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Riedel
- Department of Microbial Physiology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ute Felbor
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Rath
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Goc A, Gehring G, Baltin H, Niedzwiecki A, Rath M. Specific composition of polyphenolic compounds with fatty acids as an approach in helping to reduce spirochete burden in Lyme disease: in vivo and human observational study. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2020; 11:2040622320922005. [PMID: 32547720 PMCID: PMC7249567 DOI: 10.1177/2040622320922005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lyme disease (LD) is a tick-borne infection caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. The current therapeutic approach to this disease is limited to antibiotics. However, after their administration, about 20% of patients experience delayed onset of this illness manifesting as lingering persistent symptoms. Methods: To determine a suitable approach that would help reduce this number, we examined the efficacy of a composition of polyphenolic compounds (baicalein, luteolin, and rosmarinic acid) with fatty acids (monolaurin and cis-2-decenoic acid), and iodine/kelp in a Lyme disease animal model and volunteers. Results: The results showed that 4 weeks of dietary intake of this composition reduced the spirochete burden in animal tissues by about 75%. Basic and differential blood parameters did not show significant differences between control animals and the animals fed with this composition. Also, hepatic and renal toxicity markers were not changed and apoptosis was not observed. Relevant inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-17, TNF-α, and INF-γ, were elevated in infected animals but normalized in infected and treated animals. A small observational study revealed that after administration of this composition to 17 volunteers three times per day for 6 months, 67.4% of the volunteers with late or persistent LD, and not receptive to previous antibiotic application, responded positively, in terms of energy status as well as physical and psychological wellbeing to supplementation with this composition, while 17.7% had slight improvement, and 17.7% were none responsive. Conclusion: We concluded that this specific composition revealed feasible benefits in late or persistent LD management, although double-blind controlled clinical trials are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Goc
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dr. Rath Research Institute BV, 5941 Optical Ct, San Jose, CA 95138, USA
| | - Gebhard Gehring
- Private Praxisklinik H. Baltin, Aschau/Chiemsee, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Hartmut Baltin
- Private Praxisklinik H. Baltin, Aschau/Chiemsee, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Niedzwiecki
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dr. Rath Research Institute BV, 5941 Optical Ct, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - Matthias Rath
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dr. Rath Research Institute BV, San Jose, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Roomi MW, Bhanap B, Niedzwiecki A, Rath M. Progress of Tumor Growth and Metastasis After Inoculation of B16FO Melanoma Cells in Kidney of Female Nude Mice Is Inhibited by a Novel Nutrient Mixture. Integr Cancer Ther 2019; 18:1534735419832365. [PMID: 30939948 PMCID: PMC6448110 DOI: 10.1177/1534735419832365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tumor metastasis is a major cause for most cancer-related deaths. Melanoma is a serious cancer that metastasizes to other areas of the body, including the lungs, liver, brain, bones, or lymph nodes. Currently used cancer therapies are ineffective with a high degree of toxicity and patient mortality. Thus, any successful treatment for melanoma must target metastasis. Methods: We studied the effect of a novel nutrient mixture (NM) containing ascorbic acid, lysine, proline, green tea extract, quercetin, and others, on the inhibition of melanoma growth and metastasis after inoculation of B16FO melanoma cells into the left kidney of female nude mice. Female athymic mice (n = 10) 8 to 10 weeks of age, were inoculated superficially in the left kidney with 5 × 105 B16FO melanoma cells in 100 µL of media. The right kidney was left untreated. After inoculation, the mice were randomly divided into 2 groups. The control group (n = 5) was fed a regular rodent chow diet, and the test group was given the same diet supplemented with 0.5% NM. The animals in control and the test groups were sacrificed 2 weeks later. Each animal’s abdominal cavity was opened, and the kidneys, lungs, liver, and spleen were excised and examined for tumor growth and metastasis. Results: The kidneys in the control group weighed 25% to 30% more than those in the NM group due to colonization of B16FO melanoma cells. No metastasis to the liver or spleen was observed in either of the groups. However, severe lung metastasis was observed in the control group and mild to moderate metastasis was observed in the NM group. Conclusion: These results show that the NM is effective in mitigating the growth of tumors in the kidney and metastases to the lung.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bilwa Bhanap
- 1 Dr. Rath Research Institute, Santa Clara, CA, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wong A, Kalinovsky T, Niedzwiecki A, Rath M. [Corrigendum] Efficacy of nutritional treatment in patients with psoriasis: A case report. Exp Ther Med 2019; 19:1136. [PMID: 32010280 PMCID: PMC6966131 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ang Wong
- Natural Harmony, 47301 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Matthias Rath
- Dr. Rath Research Institute, Santa Clara, CA 95050, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Much CD, Schwefel K, Skowronek D, Shoubash L, von Podewils F, Elbracht M, Spiegler S, Kurth I, Flöel A, Schroeder HWS, Felbor U, Rath M. Novel Pathogenic Variants in a Cassette Exon of CCM2 in Patients With Cerebral Cavernous Malformations. Front Neurol 2019; 10:1219. [PMID: 31824402 PMCID: PMC6879547 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) represents a genetic disorder with a high mutation detection rate given that stringent inclusion criteria are used and copy number variation analyses are part of the diagnostic workflow. Pathogenic variants in either CCM1 (KRIT1), CCM2 or CCM3 (PDCD10) can be identified in 87–98% of CCM families with at least two affected individuals. However, the interpretation of novel sequence variants in the 5′-region of CCM2 remains challenging as there are various alternatively spliced transcripts and different transcription start sites. Comprehensive genetic and clinical data of CCM2 patients with variants in cassette exons that are either skipped or included into alternative CCM2 transcripts in the splicing process can significantly facilitate clinical variant interpretation. We here report novel pathogenic CCM2 variants in exon 3 and the adjacent donor splice site, describe the natural history of CCM disease in mutation carriers and provide further evidence for the classification of the amino acids encoded by the nucleotides of this cassette exon as a critical region within CCM2. Finally, we illustrate the advantage of a combined single nucleotide and copy number variation detection approach in NGS-based CCM1/CCM2/CCM3 gene panel analyses which can significantly reduce diagnostic turnaround time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane D Much
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald and Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Konrad Schwefel
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald and Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dariush Skowronek
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald and Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Loay Shoubash
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Felix von Podewils
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Miriam Elbracht
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Spiegler
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald and Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ingo Kurth
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Agnes Flöel
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry W S Schroeder
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ute Felbor
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald and Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Rath
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald and Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Jensen LR, Garrett L, Hölter SM, Rathkolb B, Rácz I, Adler T, Prehn C, Hans W, Rozman J, Becker L, Aguilar-Pimentel JA, Puk O, Moreth K, Dopatka M, Walther DJ, von Bohlen und Halbach V, Rath M, Delatycki M, Bert B, Fink H, Blümlein K, Ralser M, Van Dijck A, Kooy F, Stark Z, Müller S, Scherthan H, Gecz J, Wurst W, Wolf E, Zimmer A, Klingenspor M, Graw J, Klopstock T, Busch D, Adamski J, Fuchs H, Gailus-Durner V, de Angelis MH, von Bohlen und Halbach O, Ropers HH, Kuss AW. A mouse model for intellectual disability caused by mutations in the X-linked 2′‑O‑methyltransferase Ftsj1 gene. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:2083-2093. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
35
|
Rath M, Pagenstecher A, Hoischen A, Felbor U. Postzygotic mosaicism in cerebral cavernous malformation. J Med Genet 2019; 57:212-216. [PMID: 31446422 PMCID: PMC7042965 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2019-106182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) can cause severe neurological morbidity but our understanding of the mechanisms that drive CCM formation and growth is still incomplete. Recent experimental data suggest that dysfunctional CCM3-deficient endothelial cell clones form cavernous lesions in conjunction with normal endothelial cells. Objective In this study, we addressed the question whether endothelial cell mosaicism can be found in human cavernous tissue of CCM1 germline mutation carriers. Methods and results Bringing together single-molecule molecular inversion probes in an ultra-sensitive sequencing approach with immunostaining to visualise the lack of CCM1 protein at single cell resolution, we identified a novel late postzygotic CCM1 loss-of-function variant in the cavernous tissue of a de novo CCM1 germline mutation carrier. The extended unilateral CCM had been located in the right central sulcus causing progressive proximal paresis of the left arm at the age of 15 years. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that individual caverns are lined by both heterozygous (CCM1+/−) and compound heterozygous (CCM1−/−) endothelial cells. Conclusion We here demonstrate endothelial cell mosaicism within single caverns of human CCM tissue. In line with recent in vitro data on CCM1-deficient endothelial cells, our results provide further evidence for clonal evolution in human CCM1 pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Rath
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Axel Pagenstecher
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Hoischen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ute Felbor
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany .,Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Pilz RA, Korenke GC, Steeb R, Strom TM, Felbor U, Rath M. Exome sequencing identifies a recurrent SOX2 deletion in a patient with gait ataxia and dystonia lacking major ocular malformations. J Neurol Sci 2019; 401:34-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
37
|
Spiegler S, Rath M, Much CD, Sendtner BS, Felbor U. Precise CCM1 gene correction and inactivation in patient-derived endothelial cells: Modeling Knudson's two-hit hypothesis in vitro. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e00755. [PMID: 31124307 PMCID: PMC6625102 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The CRISPR/Cas9 system has opened new perspectives to study the molecular basis of cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) in personalized disease models. However, precise genome editing in endothelial and other hard‐to‐transfect cells remains challenging. Methods In a proof‐of‐principle study, we first isolated blood outgrowth endothelial cells (BOECs) from a CCM1 mutation carrier with multiple CCMs. In a CRISPR/Cas9 gene correction approach, a high‐fidelity Cas9 variant was then transfected into patient‐derived BOECs using a ribonucleoprotein complex and a single‐strand DNA oligonucleotide. In addition, patient‐specific CCM1 knockout clones were expanded after CRISPR/Cas9 gene inactivation. Results Deep sequencing demonstrated correction of the mutant allele in nearly 33% of all cells whereas no CRISPR/Cas9‐induced mutations in predicted off‐target loci were identified. Corrected BOECs could be cultured in cell mixtures but demonstrated impaired clonal survival. In contrast, CCM1‐deficient BOECs displayed increased resistance to stress‐induced apoptotic cell death and could be clonally expanded to high passages. When cultured together, CCM1‐deficient BOECs largely replaced corrected as well as heterozygous BOECs. Conclusion We here demonstrate that a non‐viral CRISPR/Cas9 approach can not only be used for gene knockout but also for precise gene correction in hard‐to‐transfect endothelial cells (ECs). Comparing patient‐derived isogenic CCM1+/+, CCM1+/−, and CCM1−/− ECs, we show that the inactivation of the second allele results in clonal evolution of ECs lacking CCM1 which likely reflects the initiation phase of CCM genesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Spiegler
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald and Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Rath
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald and Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christiane D Much
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald and Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Barbara S Sendtner
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald and Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ute Felbor
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald and Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Goc A, Sumera W, Niedzwiecki A, Rath M. 10-undecynoic acid is a new anti-adherent agent killing biofilm of oral Streptococcus spp. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214763. [PMID: 30998699 PMCID: PMC6472753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the search for novel agents against oral pathogens in their planktonic and biofilm form, we have focused our attention on 10-undecynoic acid as the representative of the acetylenic fatty acids. Using macro-broth susceptibility testing method we first established MIC value. Next, the MBC value was determined from a broth dilution minimum inhibitory concentration test by sub-culturing it to BHI agar plates that did not contain the test agent. Anti-biofilm efficacy was tested in 96-well plates coated with saliva using BHI broth supplemented with 1% sucrose as a standard approach. Based on obtained results, MIC value for 10-undecynoic acid was established to be 2.5 mg/ml and the MBC value to be 5 mg/ml. The MBIC90 showed to be 2.5 mg/ml, however completed inhibition of biofilm formation was achieved at 5.0 mg/ml. MBBC concentration revealed to be the same as MBC value, causing approximately 30% reduction at the same time in biomass of pre-existing biofilm, whereas application of 7.0 mg/ml of 10-undecynoic acid crossed the 50% eradication mark. Strong anti-adherent effect was observed upon 10-undecynoic acid application at sub-MBC concentrations as well, complemented with suppression of acidogenicity and aciduricity. Thus, we concluded that 10-undecynoic acid might play an important role in the development of alternative or adjunctive antibacterial and anti-biofilm preventive and/or therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Goc
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dr. Rath Research Institute BV, Santa Clara, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AG); (AN)
| | - Waldemar Sumera
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dr. Rath Research Institute BV, Santa Clara, California, United States of America
| | - Aleksandra Niedzwiecki
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dr. Rath Research Institute BV, Santa Clara, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AG); (AN)
| | - Matthias Rath
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dr. Rath Research Institute BV, Santa Clara, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Background Borrelia sp. is a causative pathogen of Lyme disease which has become a worldwide health concern. Non-toxic approaches especially directed toward latent persistent forms of this pathogen are desired. Lipids in the form of volatile and non-volatile oils, and fatty acids with proven anti-borreliae efficacy could become an additional support or an alternative for consideration in treatment approaches. Methods In this study we investigated 47 lipids (30 volatile and non-volatile oils, and 17 fatty acids) of plant and animal origin against typical motile, knob/round-shaped persisters, and biofilm-like aggregates of Borrelia burgdorferi s.s. and Borrelia garinii, which are identified as pathogenic factors of Lyme disease in the USA and Europe, using direct microscopic counting and spectrofluorometric measurements. Results Out of all examined lipids, 5 oils (Bay leaf oil, Birch oil, Cassia oil, Chamomile oil German, and Thyme oil) at or below 0.25%, and 3 fatty acids (13Z,16Z Docosadienoic acid, erucic acid, and petroselinic acid) at or below 0.75 mg/ml, showed bactericidal activity against typical motile spirochetes and knob/round-shaped persisters. Only Bay leaf oil and Cassia oil, including their major constituents, eugenol and cinnamaldehyde, showed to target biofilm-like aggregates of both tested Borrelia spp. at the same concentration, although with 20–30% eradication mark. Conclusion Based on obtained results, volatile oils were more potent than non-volatile oils, and unsaturated fatty acids were more effective than saturated fatty acids. Among all tested oils, Bay leaf oil and Cassia oil, with their major components eugenol and cinnamaldehyde, seem to have the highest anti-borreliae efficacy.
Collapse
|
40
|
Roomi MW, Kalinovsky T, Bhanap B, Niedzwiecki A, Rath M. In Vitro Effect of Cytokines, Inducers, and Inhibitors on the Secretion of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in Hepatocarcinoma Cell Line SK-Hep-1. Integr Cancer Ther 2019. [PMCID: PMC6902378 DOI: 10.1177/1534735419889155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains dismal despite any treatment. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been researched for their role in tumor invasion and metastasis. Various cytokines, mitogens, growth factors, inducers, and inhibitors control MMP activities. In this article, we investigated the roles of these in the regulation of MMP-2, -9 secretions in HCC. Human HCC SK-Hep-1 was grown in appropriate media. At near confluence, the cells were washed with phosphate-buffered saline and incubated in serum-free media with PMA; TNF-α, IL-1β; lipopolysaccharide; epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and doxycycline (Dox) at various doses with and without PMA; a nutrient mixture (NM) containing lysine, proline, ascorbic acid, and EGCG with and without PMA at; and actinomycin D and cycloheximide at different doses. After 24 hours, the media were removed and analyzed. SK-Hep-1 expressed bands corresponding to MMP-2 and MMP-9. TNF-α showed an insignificant effect on MMP-2 at doses below 25 at which dose MMP-2 was virtually blocked and a moderate dose-dependent effect on MMP-9. Interleukin-1β demonstrated an insignificant effect on MMP-2 at doses below 25 at which dose MMP-2 was completely blocked and enhanced effects on MMP-9. Lipopolysaccharide showed dose-dependent inhibition of MMP-2 and MMP-9. EGCG, Dox, and NM, without and with PMA, downregulated the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Actinomycin D and cycloheximide also had dose-dependent inhibitory effects on MMPs. Our results showed that cytokines, mitogens, and inhibitors modulated SK-Hep-1 MMP-2 and MMP-9 secretion, suggesting the clinical use of especially potent and nontoxic MMP inhibitor as the NM in management of HCC.
Collapse
|
41
|
Rath M, Spiegler S, Strom TM, Trenkler J, Kroisel PM, Felbor U. Identification of pathogenic YY1AP1 splice variants in siblings with Grange syndrome by whole exome sequencing. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 179:295-299. [PMID: 30556293 PMCID: PMC6590215 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.60700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Grange syndrome is an autosomal recessive condition characterized by arterial occlusions and hypertension. Syndactyly, brachydactyly, bone fragility, heart defects, and learning disabilities have also been reported. Loss‐of‐function variants in YY1AP1 have only recently been associated with Grange syndrome. YY1AP1 encodes for the transcription coactivator yin yang 1‐associated protein 1 which regulates smooth muscle cell proliferation and differentiation. We here report on three siblings with steno‐occlusive arterial disorder and syndactyly in two of them. Whole exome sequencing including near‐splice regions led to the identification of two intronic YY1AP1 variants which were predicted to interfere with normal splicing. Sanger sequencing demonstrated compound‐heterozygosity in all affected siblings. RT‐PCR analyses confirmed skipping of exon 6 on one allele and exonization of 22 bp in intron 6 on the other. This is the first report of biallelic YY1AP1 variants in noncoding regions and just the second family with multiple affected siblings. Therefore, our report further delineates the phenotypic spectrum of Grange syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Rath
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald, and Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefanie Spiegler
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald, and Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tim M Strom
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Trenkler
- Institute of Neuroradiology, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | | | - Ute Felbor
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald, and Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Schwefel K, Spiegler S, Ameling S, Much CD, Pilz RA, Otto O, Völker U, Felbor U, Rath M. Biallelic CCM3 mutations cause a clonogenic survival advantage and endothelial cell stiffening. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:1771-1783. [PMID: 30549232 PMCID: PMC6378188 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
CCM3, originally described as PDCD10, regulates blood‐brain barrier integrity and vascular maturation in vivo. CCM3 loss‐of‐function variants predispose to cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM). Using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, we here present a model which mimics complete CCM3 inactivation in cavernous endothelial cells (ECs) of heterozygous mutation carriers. Notably, we established a viral‐ and plasmid‐free crRNA:tracrRNA:Cas9 ribonucleoprotein approach to introduce homozygous or compound heterozygous loss‐of‐function CCM3 variants into human ECs and studied the molecular and functional effects of long‐term CCM3 inactivation. Induction of apoptosis, sprouting, migration, network and spheroid formation were significantly impaired upon prolonged CCM3 deficiency. Real‐time deformability cytometry demonstrated that loss of CCM3 induces profound changes in cell morphology and mechanics: CCM3‐deficient ECs have an increased cell area and elastic modulus. Small RNA profiling disclosed that CCM3 modulates the expression of miRNAs that are associated with endothelial ageing. In conclusion, the use of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing provides new insight into the consequences of long‐term CCM3 inactivation in human ECs and supports the hypothesis that clonal expansion of CCM3‐deficient dysfunctional ECs contributes to CCM formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Schwefel
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald and Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefanie Spiegler
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald and Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sabine Ameling
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christiane D Much
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald and Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Robin A Pilz
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald and Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Oliver Otto
- Centre for Innovation Competence - Humoral Immune Reactions in Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ute Felbor
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald and Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Rath
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald and Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Alamoudi AA, Alqarni AA, Ajabnoor G, Niedwiecki A, Rath M, Harakeh SM, Al-Abd AM. Abstract 5430: Evaluating a novel phytobiologic mixture against breast cancer cell lines: Effect on glycolytic enzymes and EMT gene expression profile. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-5430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Recently, there has been a growing evidence proposed regarding role of phytobiological compounds against various malignancies. One of the novel phytobiological mixture (PB), which is a mixture composed of the following: quercetin, resveratrol, cruciferex, epigallocatechin-3-gallate and curcumin at different proportions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the effects of a PB on breast cancer cell lines and its impact on the expression profile of these cells.
Aim: Herein, we investigated the anti-proliferative effects of PB against two breast cancer cell lines: MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7, in addition, to investigating whether PB may alter the expression profile of glycolytic enzymes and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) genes in these cell lines.
Method: The anti-proliferative effect of PB was evaluated in vitro against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines using SRB assay. The effect of PB on the relative expression profile of some of the glycolytic enzymes and EMT genes was conducted using TaqMan gene expression assays via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR).
Results: At 72 hrs, treatment with PB showed cytotoxic effects against MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells with an IC50's of 25.9±3 µg/ml and 29.5± 0.9 µg/ml, respectively. At 24 hrs post PB treatment, there was a significant increase in the gene expression of most glycolytic enzymes such as; Phosphofructokinase muscle type (PFKM) (1.4± 0.1, p<0.01) and Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoenzyme 1 (PDK-1) (1.6± 0.2 fold, p< 0.001). PB did not seem to alter the EMT gene expression profile with both cadherin 1 and 2 showing no significant changes. Interestingly, however, a significant up-regulation was seen with ZEB2 member of the zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 2, post PB treatment.
Conclusion: In conclusion PB showed a promising anti-proliferative effect against two breast cancer cell lines. However, we postulate that the drug could be modulating glycolytic enzymes expression, which ultimately can affect key molecules in cell differentiation. Further studies are needed to elucidate the exact underlying mechanism and to better understand the most beneficial drug combinations that can work synergistically with PB to interfere with different tumor hallmarks.
Citation Format: Aliaa A. Alamoudi, Afnan A. Alqarni, Ghada Ajabnoor, Aleksandra Niedwiecki, Matthias Rath, Steve M. Harakeh, Ahmed M. Al-Abd. Evaluating a novel phytobiologic mixture against breast cancer cell lines: Effect on glycolytic enzymes and EMT gene expression profile [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5430.
Collapse
|
44
|
Roomi MW, Niedzwiecki A, Rath M. Abstract 2172: Dying tumor cells (tumor debris) stimulate the growth of 4T1 breast cancer tumor in female athymic nude mice. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-2172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Current cancer therapies are based on chemotherapy and radiation. These therapeutic approaches can initially reduce the tumor mass or tumor burden by killing tumor cells. It has been postulated that the resulting dying tumor cells, or tumor debris, can act as sources of tumor stimulation on surviving cells leading to reappearance of the cancer, and thereby drastically reducing the survival rate. In our study we investigated whether 4T1 debris induced by chemotherapeutic agent docetaxel would affect breast tumor growth in female nude mice. Female athymic nude mice were divided into three groups: Group 1 was inoculated with 4T1 cells; Group 2 with 4T1 cells together with their debris and Group 3 with debris alone. All mice were fed a regular diet. After four weeks, the mice were sacrificed; tumors were excised, weighed and processed for histology and immunohistochemistry for inflammation parameters. Tumor weight significantly increased in Group 2 mice compared to the control Group 1. Group 3 mice developed no tumors. Although the tumor histology for both Groups 1 and 2 were similar, there were significant differences in inflammatory parameters in the two groups. Tumors developed in Group 2 mice had intense staining patterns for TNF-alpha, IL-6, Ki-67, i-Nos and VEGF compared to tumors in the control Group 1. Our results show that dying cells from docetaxel treatment, or tumor debris, had stimulatory effect on growth of breast cancer 4T1 cells in nude mice which was associated with increased inflammation. This study represents a novel method to evaluate the effects of chemotherapy or radiation on surviving tumor cells and to investigate the effect of various inhibitors on the growth recurrence.
Citation Format: M Waheed Roomi, Aleksandra Niedzwiecki, Matthias Rath. Dying tumor cells (tumor debris) stimulate the growth of 4T1 breast cancer tumor in female athymic nude mice [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2172.
Collapse
|
45
|
Roomi MW, Bhanap B, Niedzwiecki A, Rath M. Down regulation of u-PA by a nutrient mixture in hemangioma (EOMA) cells by inducing caspase-dependent apoptosis. Exp Oncol 2018; 40:90-94. [PMID: 29949539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hemangiomas are the most common congenital vascular and benign tumor in infants and children. Most hemangiomas do not cause major symptoms to require intervention, however, the larger hemangiomas have tendency to bleed and may require surgical removal. Experimental studies have demonstrated the role of urokinase plasminogen activator (u-PA), especially cell surface u-PA, as an initiator of extra-cellular matrix proteolysis and associated tumor cell invasion. AIM To examine, whether the antitumor effects of a specific nutrient mixture are due to induction of apoptosis by inhibition of u-PA. MATERIALS AND METHODS A nutrient mixture containing lysine, proline, ascorbic acid, and green tea extract which has showed anticancer activity against a number of cancer cell lines was used as an experimental composition. EOMA cells were grown in appropriate media with antibiotics in 24-well tissue culture plates. At near confluence, the cells were treated with nutrition mixture at 10, 100, 1000 µg/ml in triplicate. Analysis of u-PA activity was carried out by fibrin zymography. Morphological changes and caspase activation associated with apoptosis induction was checked by H&E staining and Live Green caspase assay, respectively. Apoptosis inducing anticancer drug camptothecin (10 µM) was used as positive control. RESULTS The nutrition mixture exhibited dose response toxicity with maximum toxicity 55% (p < 0.001) at 1000 µg/ml. EOMA cells expressed u-PA, which was inhibited by nutrition mixture in a dose-dependent manner. The caspase analysis revealed a dose dependent increase in apoptosis of EOMA hemangioma cells, with an increasing apoptosis observed at 100 μg/ml, and maximum at 1000 μg/ml. Cells treated with nutrition mixture showed significantly more apoptotic changes than the control or camptothecin-treated cells. CONCLUSION These results suggest that NM may induce apoptosis of hemangioma cells in vitro thus warranting further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M W Roomi
- Oncology Division, Dr. Rath Research Institute, Santa Clara, CA-95050, USA
| | - B Bhanap
- Oncology Division, Dr. Rath Research Institute, Santa Clara, CA-95050, USA
| | - A Niedzwiecki
- Oncology Division, Dr. Rath Research Institute, Santa Clara, CA-95050, USA
| | - M Rath
- Oncology Division, Dr. Rath Research Institute, Santa Clara, CA-95050, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Chudoba C, Rath M, Kleinridders A. Intranasal insulin attenuates stress-induced anxiety in healthy conditions but not after short-term high fat diet. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1641795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Chudoba
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Junior Research Group Central Regulation of Metabolism, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - M Rath
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Junior Research Group Central Regulation of Metabolism, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - A Kleinridders
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Junior Research Group Central Regulation of Metabolism, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Schell M, Meyer S, Rath M, Schwerdtle T, Kleinridders A. Extracellular citrate impacts hypothalamic mitochondrial function and activates AMPK. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1641800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Schell
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Central Regulation of Metabolism, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - S Meyer
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - M Rath
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Central Regulation of Metabolism, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - T Schwerdtle
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - A Kleinridders
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Central Regulation of Metabolism, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Rath M, Warnke K, Kleinridders A. Gender specific differences in metabolism and hypothalamic signaling after short-term high-fat diet. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1641798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Rath
- German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), NWG Central Regulation of Metabolism, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - K Warnke
- German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), NWG Central Regulation of Metabolism, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - A Kleinridders
- German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), NWG Central Regulation of Metabolism, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hauffe R, Rath M, Ritter K, Warnke K, Kleinridders A. Metabolic consequences of impaired mitochondrial protein homeostasis during diet-induced obesity. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1641765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Hauffe
- Deutsches Institut für Ernährungsforschung, Zentrale Regulation des Stoffwechsels (CRM), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - M Rath
- Deutsches Institut für Ernährungsforschung, Zentrale Regulation des Stoffwechsels (CRM), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - K Ritter
- Deutsches Institut für Ernährungsforschung, Zentrale Regulation des Stoffwechsels (CRM), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - K Warnke
- Deutsches Institut für Ernährungsforschung, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - A Kleinridders
- Deutsches Institut für Ernährungsforschung, Zentrale Regulation des Stoffwechsels (CRM), Nuthetal, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Leboucher A, Rath M, Kleinridders A. Increased uremic toxins in cerebrospinal fluid of obese mice cause insulin resistance. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1641817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Leboucher
- Deutsches Institut für Ernährungsforschung Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), Central Regulation of Metabolism, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - M Rath
- Deutsches Institut für Ernährungsforschung Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), Central Regulation of Metabolism, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - A Kleinridders
- Deutsches Institut für Ernährungsforschung Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), Central Regulation of Metabolism, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|