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Kim TY, Kim JM, Lee HL, Go MJ, Joo SG, Kim JH, Lee HS, Jeong WM, Lee DY, Kim HJ, Heo HJ. Codium fragile Suppressed Chronic PM 2.5-Exposed Pulmonary Dysfunction via TLR/TGF-β Pathway in BALB/c Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1743. [PMID: 37760047 PMCID: PMC10525573 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the ameliorating effect of the aqueous extract of Codium fragile on PM2.5-induced pulmonary dysfunction. The major compounds of Codium fragile were identified as palmitic acid, stearic acid, and oleamide using GC/MS2 and hexadecanamide, oleamide, and 13-docosenamide using UPLC-Q-TOF/MSE. Codium fragile improved pulmonary antioxidant system deficit by regulating SOD activities and reducing GSH levels and MDA contents. It suppressed pulmonary mitochondrial dysfunction by regulating ROS contents and mitochondrial membrane potential levels. It regulated the inflammatory protein levels of TLR4, MyD88, p-JNK, p-NF-κB, iNOS, Caspase-1, TNF-α, and IL-1β. In addition, it improved the apoptotic protein expression of BCl-2, BAX, and Caspase-3 and attenuated the fibrous protein expression of TGF-β1, p-Smad-2, p-Smad-3, MMP-1, and MMP-2. In conclusion, this study suggests that Codium fragile might be a potential material for functional food or pharmaceuticals to improve lung damage by regulating oxidative stress inflammation, cytotoxicity, and fibrosis via the TLR/TGF-β1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Yoon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeonsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (T.Y.K.); (J.M.K.); (H.L.L.); (M.J.G.); (S.G.J.); (J.H.K.); (H.S.L.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Jong Min Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeonsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (T.Y.K.); (J.M.K.); (H.L.L.); (M.J.G.); (S.G.J.); (J.H.K.); (H.S.L.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Hyo Lim Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeonsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (T.Y.K.); (J.M.K.); (H.L.L.); (M.J.G.); (S.G.J.); (J.H.K.); (H.S.L.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Min Ji Go
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeonsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (T.Y.K.); (J.M.K.); (H.L.L.); (M.J.G.); (S.G.J.); (J.H.K.); (H.S.L.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Seung Gyum Joo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeonsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (T.Y.K.); (J.M.K.); (H.L.L.); (M.J.G.); (S.G.J.); (J.H.K.); (H.S.L.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Ju Hui Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeonsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (T.Y.K.); (J.M.K.); (H.L.L.); (M.J.G.); (S.G.J.); (J.H.K.); (H.S.L.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Han Su Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeonsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (T.Y.K.); (J.M.K.); (H.L.L.); (M.J.G.); (S.G.J.); (J.H.K.); (H.S.L.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Won Min Jeong
- Research & Development Team, Gyeongnam Anti-Aging Research Institute, Sancheong 52215, Republic of Korea; (W.M.J.); (D.Y.L.)
| | - Dong Yeol Lee
- Research & Development Team, Gyeongnam Anti-Aging Research Institute, Sancheong 52215, Republic of Korea; (W.M.J.); (D.Y.L.)
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeonsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (T.Y.K.); (J.M.K.); (H.L.L.); (M.J.G.); (S.G.J.); (J.H.K.); (H.S.L.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Ho Jin Heo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeonsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (T.Y.K.); (J.M.K.); (H.L.L.); (M.J.G.); (S.G.J.); (J.H.K.); (H.S.L.); (H.-J.K.)
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Kim TY, Kim JM, Lee HL, Go MJ, Joo SG, Kim JH, Lee HS, Lee DY, Kim HJ, Heo HJ. Codium fragile Suppresses PM 2.5-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction by Regulating Gut-Brain Axis via TLR-4/MyD88 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12898. [PMID: 37629080 PMCID: PMC10454605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the cognitive dysfunction improvement effect of aqueous extract of Codium fragile (AECF) by regulating the imbalance of the gut-brain axis in chronic particulate matter (PM)2.5-exposed mice. The physiological compounds of AECF were identified as hexadecanamide, oleamide, octadecanamide, stearidonic acid, and linolenic acid by the ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC Q-TOF MSE) analysis. To evaluate the effect of PM2.5 on the antioxidant system, superoxide dismutase (SOD) contents, reduced glutathione (GSH) contents, and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were measured in colon and brain tissues. AECF significantly ameliorated the imbalance of the antioxidant systems. Also, AECF improved intestinal myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, the abundance of the gut microbiome, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) contents, and tight junction protein expression against PM2.5-induced damage. In addition, AECF prevented PM2.5-induced inflammatory and apoptotic expression via the toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4)/myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) pathway in colon and brain tissues. Additionally, AECF enhanced the mitochondrial function, including the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents in brain tissues. Furthermore, AECF regulated the cholinergic system, such as acetylcholine (ACh) contents, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and protein expression levels of AChE and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in brain tissues. To evaluate the effect of cognitive dysfunction caused by PM2.5-induced intestinal dysfunction, behavior tests such as Y-maze, passive avoidance, and Morris water maze tests were performed. From the results of the behavior tests, AECF ameliorated spatial learning and memory, short-term memory, and long-term learning and memory function. This study confirmed that AECF reduced PM2.5-induced cognitive dysfunction by regulating gut microbiome and inflammation, apoptosis, and mitochondrial function by enhancing the gut-brain axis. Based on these results, this study suggests that AECF, which contains fatty acid amides, might be a potential material for ameliorating PM2.5-induced cognitive dysfunction via gut-brain axis improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Yoon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (T.Y.K.); (J.M.K.); (H.L.L.); (M.J.G.); (S.G.J.); (J.H.K.); (H.S.L.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Jong Min Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (T.Y.K.); (J.M.K.); (H.L.L.); (M.J.G.); (S.G.J.); (J.H.K.); (H.S.L.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Hyo Lim Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (T.Y.K.); (J.M.K.); (H.L.L.); (M.J.G.); (S.G.J.); (J.H.K.); (H.S.L.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Min Ji Go
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (T.Y.K.); (J.M.K.); (H.L.L.); (M.J.G.); (S.G.J.); (J.H.K.); (H.S.L.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Seung Gyum Joo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (T.Y.K.); (J.M.K.); (H.L.L.); (M.J.G.); (S.G.J.); (J.H.K.); (H.S.L.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Ju Hui Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (T.Y.K.); (J.M.K.); (H.L.L.); (M.J.G.); (S.G.J.); (J.H.K.); (H.S.L.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Han Su Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (T.Y.K.); (J.M.K.); (H.L.L.); (M.J.G.); (S.G.J.); (J.H.K.); (H.S.L.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Dong Yeol Lee
- Research & Development Team, Gyeongnam Anti-Aging Research Institute, Sancheong 52215, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (T.Y.K.); (J.M.K.); (H.L.L.); (M.J.G.); (S.G.J.); (J.H.K.); (H.S.L.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Ho Jin Heo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (T.Y.K.); (J.M.K.); (H.L.L.); (M.J.G.); (S.G.J.); (J.H.K.); (H.S.L.); (H.-J.K.)
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Horhat A, Fischer P, Nicoara-Farcau O, Rusu I, Morar C, Bumbu A, Ignat M, Procopet B, Socaciu C, Sparchez Z, Stefanescu H. Enhanced diagnosis and prognosis of severe alcoholic hepatitis using novel metabolomic biomarkers. Alcohol Alcohol 2023:7152893. [PMID: 37154612 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agad034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Differentiating alcoholic hepatitis (AH) from acute decompensation of alcoholic cirrhosis (DC) is challenging, as the presentation and biochemistry are similar. We aimed to identify potential metabolomic biomarkers to differentiate between AH and DC, and to predict short-term mortality. METHODS We included consecutive biopsy proven AH and DC patients, which were managed according to current guidelines and followed up until the end of the study. Untargeted metabolomics was assessed in all patients at baseline. Specific analyses were successively performed to identify potential biomarkers, which were further semi-quantitatively analysed against relevant clinical endpoints. RESULTS Thirty-four patients with AH and 37 with DC were included. UHPLC-MS analysis identified 83 molecules potentially differentiating between AH and DC. C16-Sphinganine-1P (S1P) was the most increased, whereas Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was the most decreased. The PGE2/S1P ratio < 1.03 excellently discriminates between AH and DC: AUC 0.965 (p < 0.001), Se 90%, Sp 100%, PPV 0.91, NPV 1, and diagnostic accuracy 95%. This ratio is not influenced by the presence of infection (AUC 0.967 vs. 0.962), correlates with the Lille score at 7 days (r = -0.60; P = 0.022) and tends to be lower in corticosteroid non-responders as compared with patients who responded [0.85(±0.02) vs. 0.89(±0.05), P = 0.069]. Additionally, decreased ursodeoxycholic acid levels are correlated with MELD and Maddrey scores and predict mortality with a 77.27% accuracy (NPV = 100%). CONCLUSION This study suggests the PGE2 (decreased)/S1P (increased) ratio as a biomarker to differentiate AH from DC. The study also finds that low levels of ursodeoxycholic acid could predict increased mortality in AH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelina Horhat
- Hepatology Unit, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cluj-Napoca 400162, Romania
- Third Medical Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400347, Romania
- Liver Research Club, Cluj-Napoca 400162, Romania
| | - Petra Fischer
- Hepatology Unit, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cluj-Napoca 400162, Romania
- Liver Research Club, Cluj-Napoca 400162, Romania
| | - Oana Nicoara-Farcau
- Hepatology Unit, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cluj-Napoca 400162, Romania
- Third Medical Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400347, Romania
- Liver Research Club, Cluj-Napoca 400162, Romania
| | - Ioana Rusu
- Pathology Unit, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cluj-Napoca 400162, Romania
| | - Corina Morar
- Research Centre for Applied Biotechnology in Diagnosis and Molecular Therapy BIODIATECH, Cluj-Napoca 400478, Romania
| | - Andreea Bumbu
- Liver Research Club, Cluj-Napoca 400162, Romania
- First Medical Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400347, Romania
| | - Mina Ignat
- Hepatology Unit, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cluj-Napoca 400162, Romania
- Liver Research Club, Cluj-Napoca 400162, Romania
| | - Bogdan Procopet
- Hepatology Unit, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cluj-Napoca 400162, Romania
- Third Medical Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400347, Romania
- Liver Research Club, Cluj-Napoca 400162, Romania
| | - Carmen Socaciu
- Research Centre for Applied Biotechnology in Diagnosis and Molecular Therapy BIODIATECH, Cluj-Napoca 400478, Romania
| | - Zeno Sparchez
- Hepatology Unit, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cluj-Napoca 400162, Romania
- Third Medical Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400347, Romania
| | - Horia Stefanescu
- Hepatology Unit, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cluj-Napoca 400162, Romania
- Liver Research Club, Cluj-Napoca 400162, Romania
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Oleamide Reduces Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Toxicity in Rat Cortical Slices Through the Combined Action of Cannabinoid Receptors Activation and Induction of Antioxidant Activity. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:2167-2178. [PMID: 36069981 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00575-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The potential treatment of neurodegenerative disorders requires the development of novel pharmacological strategies at the experimental level, such as the endocannabinoid-based therapies. The effects of oleamide (OEA), a fatty acid primary amide with activity on cannabinoid receptors, was tested against mitochondrial toxicity induced by the electron transport chain complex II inhibitor, 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP), in rat cortical slices. OEA prevented the 3-NP-induced loss of mitochondrial function/cell viability at a concentration range of 5 nM-25 µM, and this protective effect was observed only when the amide was administered as pretreatment, but not as post-treatment. The preservation of mitochondrial function/cell viability induced by OEA in the toxic model induced by 3-NP was lost when the slices were pre-incubated with the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) selective inhibitor, AM281, or the cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R) selective inhibitor, JTE-907. The 3-NP-induced inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase (mitochondrial Complex II) activity was recovered by 25 nM OEA. The amide also prevented the increased lipid peroxidation and the changes in reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio induced by 3-NP. The cell damage induced by 3-NP, assessed as incorporation of cellular propidium iodide, was mitigated by OEA. Our novel findings suggest that the neuroprotective properties displayed by OEA during the early stages of damage to cortical cells involve the converging activation of CB1R and CB2R and the increase in antioxidant activity, which combined may emerge from the preservation of the functional integrity of mitochondria.
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Kocanci F, Aslim B. Chemical composition and neurotherapeutic potential of Glaucium corniculatum extracts. Pharmacogn Mag 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_348_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Bustos E, Manríquez J, Colín-González AL, Rangel-López E, Santamaría A. Electrochemical Detection of Neurotransmitters in the Brain and Other Molecules with Biological Activity in the Nervous System: Dopamine Analysis. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824666200204121746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring the appropriate functions of the brain is a priority when the diagnosis
of neurological diseases is carried out. In this regard, there are different analytical
techniques to detect neurotransmitters and other molecules with biological activity in
the nervous system. Among several analytical procedures, electrochemical techniques are
very important since they can be applied in situ, without loss of sensibility and/or minimal
handling of samples. In addition, it is also possible to combine them with specific detectors
designed on the basis of chemically-modified electrodes in order to improve detection
limits by promoting molecular recognition capabilities at their surfaces, thus favoring the
development of electrochemical detection in vivo by microelectrodes. In this mini-review,
we will describe the major characteristics of this analytical method and its advantages for
the detection of neurotransmitters (mostly dopamine) in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Bustos
- Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo Tecnologico en Electroquimica, S.C., CIDETEQ, Parque Tecnologico Queretaro, Sanfandila, Pedro Escobedo, 76703, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Juan Manríquez
- Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo Tecnologico en Electroquimica, S.C., CIDETEQ, Parque Tecnologico Queretaro, Sanfandila, Pedro Escobedo, 76703, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Ana Laura Colín-González
- Insttuto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugia, INNN, Insurgentes Sur No. 3877, Mexico, D.F., C.P. 14269, Mexico
| | - Edgar Rangel-López
- Insttuto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugia, INNN, Insurgentes Sur No. 3877, Mexico, D.F., C.P. 14269, Mexico
| | - Abel Santamaría
- Insttuto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugia, INNN, Insurgentes Sur No. 3877, Mexico, D.F., C.P. 14269, Mexico
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Moon SM, Lee SA, Hong JH, Kim JS, Kim DK, Kim CS. Oleamide suppresses inflammatory responses in LPS-induced RAW264.7 murine macrophages and alleviates paw edema in a carrageenan-induced inflammatory rat model. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 56:179-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Oleamide suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of iNOS and COX-2 through inhibition of NF-κB activation in BV2 murine microglial cells. Neurosci Lett 2010; 474:148-153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2010] [Revised: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Lee YJ, Chung DY, Lee SJ, Ja Jhon G, Lee YS. Enhanced radiosensitization of p53 mutant cells by oleamide. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2006; 64:1466-74. [PMID: 16580498 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2005.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2005] [Revised: 11/27/2005] [Accepted: 11/29/2005] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Effect of oleamide, an endogenous fatty-acid primary amide, on tumor cells exposed to ionizing radiation (IR) has never before been explored. METHODS AND MATERIALS NCI H460, human lung cancer cells, and human astrocytoma cell lines, U87 and U251, were used. The cytotoxicity of oleamide alone or in combination with IR was determined by clonogenic survival assay, and induction of apoptosis was estimated by FACS analysis. Protein expressions were confirmed by Western blotting, and immunofluorescence analysis of Bax by use of confocal microscopy was also performed. The combined effect of IR and oleamide to suppress tumor growth was studied by use of xenografts in the thighs of nude mice. RESULTS Oleamide in combination with IR had a synergistic effect that decreased clonogenic survival of lung-carcinoma cell lines and also sensitized xenografts in nude mice. Enhanced induction of apoptosis of the cells by the combined treatment was mediated by loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, which resulted in the activation of caspase-8, caspase-9, and caspase-3 accompanied by cytochrome c release and Bid cleavage. The synergistic effects of the combined treatment were more enhanced in p53 mutant cells than in p53 wild-type cells. In p53 wild-type cells, both oleamide and radiation induced Bax translocation to mitochondria. On the other hand, in p53 mutant cells, radiation alone slightly induced Bax translocation to mitochondria, whereas oleamide induced a larger translocation. CONCLUSIONS Oleamide may exhibit synergistic radiosensitization in p53 mutant cells through p53-independent Bax translocation to mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Jin Lee
- Laboratory of Radiation Effect, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
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Wang ZJ, Li GM, Nie BM, Lu Y, Yin M. Neuroprotective effect of the stearic acid against oxidative stress via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2006; 160:80-7. [PMID: 16448636 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2005.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2005] [Revised: 12/16/2005] [Accepted: 12/16/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Stearic acid is a long-chain saturated fatty acid consisting of 18 carbon atoms without double bonds. In the present study, we reported the neuroprotective effects and mechanism of stearic acid on cortical or hippocampal slices insulted by oxygen-glucose deprivation, NMDA or hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) in vitro. Different types of models of brain slice injury in vitro were developed by 10 min of oxygen/glucose deprivation, 0.5 mM NMDA or 2 mM H(2)O(2), respectively. After 30 min of preincubation with stearic acid (3-30 microM), cortical or hippocampal slices were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation, NMDA or H(2)O(2). Then the tissue activities were evaluated by using the 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) method. Population spikes were recorded in randomly selected hippocampal slices. Stearic acid (3-30 microM) dose-dependently protected brain slices from oxygen-glucose deprivation, NMDA and H(2)O(2) insults. Its neuroprotective effect against H(2)O(2) insults can be completely blocked by wortmannin (inhibitor of PI3K) and partially blocked by H7 (inhibitor of PKC) or genistein (inhibitor of TPK). Treatment of cortical or hippocampal slices with 30 microM stearic acid resulted in a significant increase in PI3K activity at 5, 10, 30 and 60 min. These observations reveal that stearic acid can protect cortical or hippocampal slices against injury induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation, NMDA or H(2)O(2), and its neuroprotective effects are via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Jian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
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