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Grosbellet E, Dumont S, Schuster-Klein C, Guardiola-Lemaitre B, Pevet P, Criscuolo F, Challet E. Circadian phenotyping of obese and diabetic db/db mice. Biochimie 2016; 124:198-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lahouaoui H, Coutanson C, Cooper HM, Bennis M, Dkhissi-Benyahya O. Clock genes and behavioral responses to light are altered in a mouse model of diabetic retinopathy. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101584. [PMID: 25006976 PMCID: PMC4089924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that melanopsin-expressing ganglion cells (ipRGCs) are altered in retinal pathologies. Using a streptozotocin-induced (STZ) model of diabetes, we investigated the impact of diabetic retinopathy on non-visual functions by analyzing ipRGCs morphology and light-induced c-Fos and Period 1–2 clock genes in the central clock (SCN). The ability of STZ-diabetic mice to entrain to light was challenged by exposure animals to 1) successive light/dark (LD) cycle of decreasing or increasing light intensities during the light phase and 2) 6-h advance of the LD cycle. Our results show that diabetes induces morphological changes of ipRGCs, including soma swelling and dendritic varicosities, with no reduction in their total number, associated with decreased c-Fos and clock genes induction by light in the SCN at 12 weeks post-onset of diabetes. In addition, STZ-diabetic mice exhibited a reduction of overall locomotor activity, a decrease of circadian sensitivity to light at low intensities, and a delay in the time to re-entrain after a phase advance of the LD cycle. These novel findings demonstrate that diabetes alters clock genes and behavioral responses of the circadian timing system to light and suggest that diabetic patients may show an increased propensity for circadian disturbances, in particular when they are exposed to chronobiological challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasna Lahouaoui
- INSERM U846, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Department of Chronobiology, Bron, France
- University of Lyon, Lyon 1, UMR-S 846, Lyon, France
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Neurobiology and Behavior, URAC-37, University Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Christine Coutanson
- INSERM U846, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Department of Chronobiology, Bron, France
- University of Lyon, Lyon 1, UMR-S 846, Lyon, France
| | - Howard M. Cooper
- INSERM U846, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Department of Chronobiology, Bron, France
- University of Lyon, Lyon 1, UMR-S 846, Lyon, France
| | - Mohamed Bennis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Neurobiology and Behavior, URAC-37, University Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Ouria Dkhissi-Benyahya
- INSERM U846, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Department of Chronobiology, Bron, France
- University of Lyon, Lyon 1, UMR-S 846, Lyon, France
- * E-mail:
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Fernandez DC, Sande PH, de Zavalía N, Belforte N, Dorfman D, Casiraghi LP, Golombek D, Rosenstein RE. Effect of Experimental Diabetic Retinopathy on the Non-Image-Forming Visual System. Chronobiol Int 2013; 30:583-97. [DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2012.754453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Hannibal J, Hundahl C, Fahrenkrug J, Rehfeld JF, Friis-Hansen L. Cholecystokinin (CCK)-expressing neurons in the suprachiasmatic nucleus: innervation, light responsiveness and entrainment in CCK-deficient mice. Eur J Neurosci 2010; 32:1006-17. [PMID: 20731710 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07385.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the principal pacemaker driving circadian rhythms of physiology and behaviour. Neurons within the SCN express both classical and neuropeptide transmitters which regulate clock functions. Cholecyctokinin (CCK) is a potent neurotransmitter expressed in neurons of the mammalian SCN, but its role in circadian timing is not known. In the present study, CCK was demonstrated in a distinct population of neurons located in the shell region of the SCN and in a few cells in the core region. The CCK neurons did not express vasopressin or vasoactive intestinal peptide. However, CCK-containing processes make synaptic contacts with both groups of neurons and some CCK cell bodies were innervated by VIPergic neurons. The CCK neurons received no direct input from the three major pathways to the SCN, and the CCK neurons were not light-responsive as evaluated by induction of cFOS, and did not express the core clock protein PER1. Accordingly, CCK-deficient mice showed normal entrainment and had similar τ, light-induced phase shift and negative masking behaviour as wild-type animals. In conclusion, CCK signalling seems not to be involved directly in light-induced resetting of the clock or in regulating core clock function. The expression of CCK in a subpopulation of neurons, which do not belonging to either the VIP or AVP cells but which have synaptic contacts to both cell types and reverse innervation of CCK neurons from VIP neurons, suggests that the CCK neurons may act in non-photic regulation within the clock and/or, via CCK projections, mediate clock information to hypothalamic nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Hannibal
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Shimazoe T, Morita M, Ogiwara S, Kojiya T, Goto J, Kamakura M, Moriya T, Shinohara K, Takiguchi S, Kono A, Miyasaka K, Funakoshi A, Ikeda M. Cholecystokinin-A receptors regulate photic input pathways to the circadian clock. FASEB J 2007; 22:1479-90. [PMID: 18073333 DOI: 10.1096/fj.07-9372com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Daily behaviors are strongly dominated by internally generated circadian rhythms, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In mammals, photoentrainment of behaviors to light-dark cycles involves signaling from both intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells and classic photoreceptor pathways to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). How classic photoreceptor pathways work with the photosensitive ganglion cells, however, is not fully understood. Although cholecystokinin (CCK) peptide has been shown to be present in a variety of vertebrate retinas, its function at a systems level is also unknown. In the present study we examined a possible role of CCK-A receptors in photoentrainment using CCK-A receptor knockout mice. The lacZ reporter gene within a gene-knockout cassette revealed precise localization of CCK-A receptors in the circadian clock system. We demonstrated that CCK-A receptors were located predominately on glycinergic amacrine cells but were rarely found on SCN neurons. Moreover, Ca(2+) imaging analysis demonstrated that the CCK-A agonist, CCK-8 sulfate (CCK-8s), mobilized intracellular Ca(2+) in amacrine cells but not glutamate-receptive SCN neurons. Furthermore, light pulse-induced mPer1/mPer2 gene expression in SCN, behavioral phase shifts, and the pupillary reflex were significantly reduced in CCK-A receptor knockout mice. These data indicate a novel function of CCK-A receptors in the nonimage-forming photoreception presumably via amacrine cell-mediated signal transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Shimazoe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Mistlberger RE, Webb IC, Simon MM, Tse D, Su C. Effects of food deprivation on locomotor activity, plasma glucose, and circadian clock resetting in Syrian hamsters. J Biol Rhythms 2006; 21:33-44. [PMID: 16461983 DOI: 10.1177/0748730405282877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms in Syrian hamsters can be phase advanced by activity or arousal stimulated during the daily rest phase ("subjective day"). A widely used method for stimulating activity is confinement to a novel wheel. Some hamsters decline to run, and some procedures may reduce the probability of running. The authors evaluated food deprivation (FD) as a method to promote running. Given evidence that perturbations of cell metabolism or glucose availability may affect circadian clock function in some tissues or species, they also assessed the effects of FD on free-running circadian phase, resetting responses to photic and nonphotic stimuli and plasma glucose. In constant light, a 27-h fast significantly increased running in a novel wheel and marginally increased the average size of resulting phase shifts. FD, without novel wheel confinement, was associated with some very large phase shifts or disruption of rhythmicity in hamsters that spontaneously ran in their home wheels during the subjective day. Hamsters that ran only during the usual active phase (subjective night) or that were prevented from running did not exhibit phase shifts, despite refeeding in the mid-subjective day. Using an Aschoff Type II design for measuring shifts, a 27-h fast significantly increased the number of hamsters that ran continuously when confined to a novel wheel but did not affect the dose-response relation between the amount of running and the size of the resulting shift. A day of fasting also did not affect the size of phase delay or advance shifts to 30-min light pulses in the subjective night. Plasma glucose was markedly reduced by wheel running in combination with fasting but was increased by running in nonfasted hamsters. These results establish FD as a useful tool for stimulating activity in home cage or novel wheels and indicate that in Syrian hamsters, significant alterations in glucose availability, associated with running, fasting, and refeeding, have surprisingly little effect on circadian pacemaker function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph E Mistlberger
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
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Nomoto S, Ohta M, Kanai S, Yoshida Y, Takiguchi S, Funakoshi A, Miyasaka K. Absence of the cholecystokinin-A receptor deteriorates homeostasis of body temperature in response to changes in ambient temperature. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2004; 287:R556-61. [PMID: 15178543 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00542.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The circadian rhythm of the body core temperature (Tc) and the effects of changes in ambient temperatures on the homeostasis of Tc in Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats, which are naturally occurring cholecystokinin (CCK)-A receptor (CCK-AR) gene knockout (−/−) rats, were examined. In addition, the peripheral responses to warming or cooling of the preoptic and anterior hypothalamic region (PO/AH) were determined. The circadian rhythm of Tc in OLETF rats was similar to that in Long-Evans Tokushima (LETO) rats; this rhythm was characterized by a higher Tc during the dark period and a lower Tc during the light period. When the ambient temperature was changed within the limits of 0°C to 30°C, the changes in Tc of LETO rats were associated with the changes in ambient temperature, whereas those in OLETF rats were dissociated from the temperature changes. The OLETF rats showed a large hysteresis. The peripheral responses to warming or cooling of PO/AH, including shivering of the neck muscle and changes in skin temperature of the tail and footpad, were similar in OLETF and LETO rats. To confirm the role of CCK-AR in the regulation of body temperature, the values of Tc in the CCK-AR(−/−) mice were compared with those in CCK-B receptor (CCK-BR) (−/−), CCK-AR(−/−)BR(−/−), and wild-type mice. In the mice, the circadian rhythms of Tc were the same, regardless of the genotype. Mice without CCK-AR showed larger hysteresis than mice with CCK-AR. From these results, we conclude that the lack of CCK-AR causes homeostasis of Tc in rats and mice to deteriorate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Nomoto
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakaecho, Itabashiku Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
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Shimazoe T, Nakamura S, Kobayashi K, Watanabe S, Miyasaka K, Kono A, Funakoshi A. Role of 5-ht1b receptors in entrainment disorder of otsuka long evans tokushima fatty (oletf) rats. Neuroscience 2004; 123:201-5. [PMID: 14667454 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2003.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The role of 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptors in entrainment function was studied in Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima fatty (OLETF) rats and control Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats. Light-induced (100 lux, 30 min) Fos expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus was studied. Light-induced Fos expression was significantly decreased in OLETF rats compared to that in LETO rats. The decrease of light-induced Fos expression in OLETF rats was significantly reversed by pretreatment with the 5-HT1B receptor antagonist, isamoltan (3 mg/kg, i.p.). Simultaneous administration of CGS12066B (5 mg/kg, i.p.), a 5-HT1B agonist, blocked the reversal effect of isamoltan on Fos expression. Fos expression was not changed in LETO rats by pretreatment with isamoltan (3 mg/kg, i.p.). The Fos expression in LETO and OLETF rats was significantly decreased by pretreatment with the 5-HT1A antagonist, WAY-100,635. Phase shifts in locomotor activity paralleled the Fos expression. Light-induced phase shifts of locomotor activity in OLETF rats were significantly smaller than those in LETO rats. The phase shifts were significantly increased by isamoltan (3 mg/kg, i.p.) in OLETF rats. These results suggest that 5-HT1B receptors are involved in the reduced entrainment function of OLETF rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shimazoe
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 812-8582, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Ichikawa M, Kanai S, Ichimaru Y, Funakoshi A, Miyasaka K. The diurnal rhythm of energy expenditure differs between obese and glucose-intolerant rats and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Nutr 2000; 130:2562-7. [PMID: 11015490 DOI: 10.1093/jn/130.10.2562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats were developed as a model of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) with mild obesity. Changes in carcass composition and in the daily profile of energy expenditure were examined before and after manifestation of diabetes (8 and 24 wk, respectively), and compared with the normal control Long Evans Tokushima (LETO) rats and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic LETO rats. OLETF rats had greater body weights than LETO rats and significantly greater absolute and relative fat weights. A diurnal rhythm of energy expenditure associated with two peaks was observed in LETO rats, but the two peaks were not apparent in OLETF rats at 24 wk of age. A diurnal rhythm associated with one peak was observed in STZ-induced diabetic LETO rats. Energy derived from fat constituted this peak; the pattern of the daily energy expenditure was significantly different from that of either nontreated LETO or OLETF rats at 24 wk of age. NIDDM in OLETF rats at 24 wk of age has only a small role in modification of the diurnal rhythm of energy expenditure, whereas STZ-induced diabetes significantly affected the rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ichikawa
- Department of Nutrition, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo-173-0015, Japan
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Shimazoe T, Ishida J, Maetani M, Yakabe T, Yamaguchi M, Miyasaka K, Kono A, Watanabe S, Funakoshi A. Entrainment Function in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-5198(19)30573-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Challet E, van Reeth O, Turek FW. Altered circadian responses to light in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1999; 277:E232-7. [PMID: 10444417 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.1999.277.2.e232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus affects the daily expression of many behavioral and metabolic processes. Recent studies indicate that changes in brain glucose metabolism alter the entraining effects of light of the circadian pacemaker. To test whether diabetes-associated diurnal changes are related to alterations in the responses of the circadian pacemaker to light, photic phase resetting of the circadian rhythm of locomotor activity was analyzed in diabetic mice housed in constant darkness. Multiple low doses of streptozotocin, which damages pancreatic beta-insulin-producing cells, were used to render C57BL/6J mice mildly diabetic. In those mice treated with streptozotocin, serum glucose was increased by 25% and circadian responses to light either were increased by 40% for phase delays or were close to those observed in control animals for phase advances. Furthermore, insulin-induced hypoglycemia normalized light-induced phase delays in diabetic animals, without altering those in nondiabetic mice. These results show that abnormalities of daily temporal organization associated with diabetes can result from altered circadian responses to the daily variation in ambient light. Such alterations could be normalized with appropriate insulin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Challet
- Center for Circadian Biology and Medicine, Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.
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Shimazoe T, Maetani M, Nakamura S, Yamanouchi S, Watanabe S, Miyasaka K, Kono A, Funakoshi A. Lowered entrainment function in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY 1999; 80:85-8. [PMID: 10446761 DOI: 10.1254/jjp.80.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The entrainment function in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of young non-diabetic Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats was studied. OLETF rats significantly needed more days for re-entrainment to a new light-dark cycle than control Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats. We also assessed Fos expression in the SCN induced by dim light exposure. The number of Fos-immunoreactive cells was significantly decreased in 5- to 13-week-old OLETF rats compared with LETO rats. Moreover, the effect of glutamate on neuronal activity in the SCN of OLETF rats were investigated. In young non-diabetic OLETF rats, the phase delay in the SCN neuronal firing rhythm induced by 1 microM glutamate was significantly less than that in LETO rats. These results suggested that the entrainment function is reduced in OLETF rats before the onset of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shimazoe
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Ichikawa M, Miyasaka K, Fujita Y, Shimazoe T, Funakoshi A. Disappearance of diurnal rhythm of energy expenditure in genetically diabetic obese rats. THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1998; 48:211-4. [PMID: 9689151 DOI: 10.2170/jjphysiol.48.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The daily profile of energy expenditures was examined in the new animal model of genetically diabetic obese rats. The diurnal rhythm was observed at 8 weeks of age, with highest and lowest values for energy consumption per hour observed in the dark and light periods, respectively. However, at 24 weeks of age after the manifestation of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, the rhythm completely disappeared, but it did not in the control rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ichikawa
- Department of Nutrition, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
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