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Galland F, de Espindola JS, Sacilotto ES, Almeida LGVC, Morari J, Velloso LA, Dos Santos LD, Rossini BC, Bertoldo Pacheco MT. Digestion of whey peptide induces antioxidant and anti-inflammatory bioactivity on glial cells: Sequences identification and structural activity analysis. Food Res Int 2024; 188:114433. [PMID: 38823827 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Whey derived peptides have shown potential activity improving brain function in pathological condition. However, there is little information about their mechanism of action on glial cells, which have important immune functions in brain. Astrocytes and microglia are essential in inflammatory and oxidative defense that take place in neurodegenerative disease. In this work we evaluate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential bioactivity of whey peptide in glial cells. Peptides were formed during simulated gastrointestinal digestion (Infogest protocol), and low molecular weight (<5kDA) peptides (WPHf) attenuated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced by hydrogen peroxide stimulus in both cells in dose-dependent manner. WPHf induced an increase in the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) content and prevented GSH reduction induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) stimulus in astrocytes cells in a cell specific form. An increase in cytokine mRNA expression (TNFα and IL6) and nitric oxide secretion induced by LPS was attenuated by WPHf pre-treatment in both cells. The inflammatory pathway was dependent on NFκB activation. Bioactive peptide ranking analysis showed positive correlation with hydrophobicity and negative correlation with high molecular weights. The sequence identification revealed 19 peptides cross-referred with bioactive database. Whey peptides were rich in leucine, valine and tyrosine in the C-terminal region and lysine in the N-terminal region. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of whey peptides were assessed in glia cells and its mechanisms of action were related, such as modulation of antioxidant enzymes and anti-inflammatory pathways. Features of the peptide structure, such as molecular size, hydrophobicity and types of amino acids present in the terminal region are associated to bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Galland
- Quality and Science Center of Food, Institute of Food Technology (ITAL), Brazil Ave. 2880, P.O. Box 139, Campinas, SP 13070-178, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Santos de Espindola
- Quality and Science Center of Food, Institute of Food Technology (ITAL), Brazil Ave. 2880, P.O. Box 139, Campinas, SP 13070-178, Brazil
| | - Eduarda Spagnol Sacilotto
- Quality and Science Center of Food, Institute of Food Technology (ITAL), Brazil Ave. 2880, P.O. Box 139, Campinas, SP 13070-178, Brazil
| | - Lilian Gabriely V C Almeida
- Quality and Science Center of Food, Institute of Food Technology (ITAL), Brazil Ave. 2880, P.O. Box 139, Campinas, SP 13070-178, Brazil
| | - Joseane Morari
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lício Augusto Velloso
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Bruno Cesar Rossini
- Institute of Biotechnology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP 18607-440, Brazil.
| | - Maria Teresa Bertoldo Pacheco
- Quality and Science Center of Food, Institute of Food Technology (ITAL), Brazil Ave. 2880, P.O. Box 139, Campinas, SP 13070-178, Brazil.
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2
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Jennings CC, Freidenberger M, Christensen SA, Conlin J, Freidenberger O, Kenealey JD. Thermal characterization and separation of whey proteins by differential scanning calorimetry. Food Chem 2024; 441:138347. [PMID: 38183724 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Most commercially available whey products contain a mixture of 6-7 whey proteins; however, there is an increased focus on using the individual whey proteins for their unique biological activities. Before extracting individual whey proteins for use, it is important to quantify how much of a particular protein is present in whey mixtures as well as if the protein is still structurally folded. We first characterized the denaturation temperature and enthalpy values for the six purified whey proteins at six pHs (3-9) and under ion chelation using a nano-differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). From the individual protein scans, we determined the optimal condition for detecting all 6 proteins on a single DSC scan was whey in an EDTA MOPs pH 6.7 buffer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charity C Jennings
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science, Brigham Young University, UT 84606, United States
| | - McCall Freidenberger
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science, Brigham Young University, UT 84606, United States
| | - Shawn A Christensen
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science, Brigham Young University, UT 84606, United States
| | - Joy Conlin
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science, Brigham Young University, UT 84606, United States
| | - Olivia Freidenberger
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science, Brigham Young University, UT 84606, United States
| | - Jason D Kenealey
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science, Brigham Young University, UT 84606, United States.
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3
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Purohit K, Reddy N, Sunna A. Exploring the Potential of Bioactive Peptides: From Natural Sources to Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1391. [PMID: 38338676 PMCID: PMC10855437 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioactive peptides, specific protein fragments with positive health effects, are gaining traction in drug development for advantages like enhanced penetration, low toxicity, and rapid clearance. This comprehensive review navigates the intricate landscape of peptide science, covering discovery to functional characterization. Beginning with a peptidomic exploration of natural sources, the review emphasizes the search for novel peptides. Extraction approaches, including enzymatic hydrolysis, microbial fermentation, and specialized methods for disulfide-linked peptides, are extensively covered. Mass spectrometric analysis techniques for data acquisition and identification, such as liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, untargeted peptide analysis, and bioinformatics, are thoroughly outlined. The exploration of peptide bioactivity incorporates various methodologies, from in vitro assays to in silico techniques, including advanced approaches like phage display and cell-based assays. The review also discusses the structure-activity relationship in the context of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), ACE-inhibitory peptides (ACEs), and antioxidative peptides (AOPs). Concluding with key findings and future research directions, this interdisciplinary review serves as a comprehensive reference, offering a holistic understanding of peptides and their potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kruttika Purohit
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia;
- Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Facilitated Advancement of Australia’s Bioactives (FAAB), Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia;
| | - Narsimha Reddy
- Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Facilitated Advancement of Australia’s Bioactives (FAAB), Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia;
- School of Science, Parramatta Campus, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Anwar Sunna
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia;
- Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Facilitated Advancement of Australia’s Bioactives (FAAB), Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia;
- Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
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4
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Balthazar CF, Teixeira S, Bertolo MRV, Silva R, Bogusz Junior S, Cruz AG, Sant'Ana AS. Bioactivity and volatile compound evaluation in sheep milk processed by ohmic heating. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:155-168. [PMID: 37709020 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Ohmic heating may improve bioactive compounds and processing, ensuring food safety of beverages, liquid and pasty food, or liquid with solid pieces. Due to those traits, this study conducted a comparison between ohmic heating technology and conventional heating (CH), with a focus on assessing the impact of both methods on functional compounds (such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition, and antioxidant activity) in both fresh and thawed raw sheep milk, which had been frozen for up to 3 mo. Different ohmic heating conditions were applied and compared to CH (3.33-8.33 V/cm vs. CH [73°C/15 s]). A total of 18 peptides with some functional activities were identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analysis. Ohmic heating samples presented the highest activities related to health, followed by CH and raw milk samples; antioxidant activity range was from 0.11% to 0.71%, antihypertensive activity ranged from 0.20% to 0.72%, and antidiabetic activity ranged from 0.21% to 0.79%. Of 51 volatile compounds detected, some were degraded by freezing, storing, and heating the sheep milk. This study showed for the first time that ohmic heating processing improved sheep milk bioactive peptides and preserved volatile compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celso F Balthazar
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Sinara Teixeira
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo University, 13563-120, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Mirella R V Bertolo
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo University, 13563-120, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ramon Silva
- Department of Food Technology, Federal Institute of Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Technological Processing of Animal Products, Veterinary School, Federal Fluminense University, 24230-321, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Adriano G Cruz
- Department of Food Technology, Federal Institute of Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Anderson S Sant'Ana
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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5
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Irazoqui JM, Eberhardt MF, Santiago GM, Amadio AF. Characterization of novel proteases identified by metagenomic analysis from dairy stabilization ponds. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12591-4. [PMID: 37231159 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12591-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cheese whey is the main by-product of dairy industries. It is used as a raw material for other value-added products, like whey protein concentrate. By using enzymes, this product can be further treated to obtain new higher value products, like whey protein hydrolysates. Proteases (EC: 3.4) represent a large segment of industrial enzymes, since they are used in several industries, including food. In this work, we describe three novel enzymes identified using a metagenomic approach. Metagenomic DNA from dairy industry stabilization ponds were sequenced, and the predicted genes were compared against the MEROPS database, focusing on families commercially used to produce whey protein hydrolysates. From a total of 849 candidates, 10 were selected for cloning and expression and three showed activities with both the chromogenic substrate, azocasein, and whey proteins. Particularly, Pr05, an enzyme from the yet uncultured phylum Patescibacteria, showed activity that is comparable to a commercial protease. All these novel enzymes could represent an alternative for dairy industries to produce value-added products from industrial by-products. KEY POINTS: • Over 19,000 proteases were predicted in a sequence-based metagenomic analysis. • Three proteases were successfully expressed and showed activity with whey proteins. • The enzyme Pr05 showed hydrolysis profiles of interest for food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Matías Irazoqui
- Instituto de Investigación de La Cadena Láctea (CONICET-INTA), 2300, Rafaela, Argentina
| | | | | | - Ariel Fernando Amadio
- Instituto de Investigación de La Cadena Láctea (CONICET-INTA), 2300, Rafaela, Argentina
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6
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Magouz O, Mehanna N, Khalifa M, Sakr H, Gensberger-Reigl S, Dalabasmaz S, Pischetsrieder M. Profiles, antioxidative and ACE inhibitory activity of peptides released from fermented buttermilk before and after simulated gastrointestinal digestion. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2022.103266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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7
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Mansinhbhai CH, Sakure A, Maurya R, Bishnoi M, Kondepudi KK, Das S, Hati S. Significance of whey protein hydrolysate on anti-oxidative, ACE-inhibitory and anti-inflammatory activities and release of peptides with biofunctionality: an in vitro and in silico approach. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 59:2629-2642. [PMID: 35734133 PMCID: PMC9207014 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-021-05282-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The study aimed to investigate potent antioxidant activities (ABTS assay, Hydroxyl free radical scavenging assay, and Superoxide free radical assay), ACE inhibitory activity, and anti-inflammatory activity in the WPC (whey protein concentrate) hydrolysate using Alcalase. The hydrolysis conditions (addition rate and incubation times) for peptide synthesis were also optimized using proteolytic activity. The generation of proinflammatory cytokines by lipopolysaccharide-treated murine macrophages was reduced when the protein hydrolysate concentration was low. In comparison to unhydrolyzed WPC, SDS-PAGE examination revealed no protein bands in WPC hydrolysates. Two-Dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis did not show any protein spots. Using the 'In-solution trypsin digestion' approach, the trypsin digested protein samples were put into RPLC/MS for amino acid sequencing. Peptides were also identified using RPLC/MS on fractions of 3 and 10 kDa permeates and retentates. The MASCOT database was used to look up the raw masses of LC/MS. By comparing hydrolyzed whey protein to the BLASTp (NCBI), PIR, BIOPEP, and AHTPDB databases, novel antioxidative and ACE inhibitory peptides were reported. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-021-05282-3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amar Sakure
- Department of Agriculture Biotechnology, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat 388110 India
| | - Ruchika Maurya
- Healthy Gut Research Group, Food & Nutritional Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 140306 India
- Regional Center for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana 121001 India
| | - Mahendra Bishnoi
- Healthy Gut Research Group, Food & Nutritional Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 140306 India
| | - Kanthi Kiran Kondepudi
- Healthy Gut Research Group, Food & Nutritional Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 140306 India
| | - Sujit Das
- Department of Rural Development and Agricultural Production, North-Eastern Hill University, Tura campus, Tura, Meghalaya 794001 India
| | - Subrota Hati
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat 388110 India
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8
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Bielecka M, Cichosz G, Czeczot H. Antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticarcinogenic activities of bovine milk proteins and their hydrolysates - A review. Int Dairy J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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9
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Zhao Q, Wei G, Li K, Duan S, Ye R, Huang A. Identification and molecular docking of novel α-glucosidase inhibitory peptides from hydrolysates of Binglangjiang buffalo casein. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.113062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Exploring the DPP-IV Inhibitory, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Potential of Ovine "Scotta" Hydrolysates. Foods 2021; 10:foods10123137. [PMID: 34945689 PMCID: PMC8701287 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to valorize the by-product derived from the ricotta cheese process (scotta). In this study, ovine scotta was concentrated by ultrafiltration and then subjected to enzymatic hydrolyses using proteases of both vegetable (4% E:S, 4 h, 50 °C) and animal origin (4% E:S, 4 h, 40 °C). The DPP-IV inhibitory, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of hydrolysates from bromelain (BSPH) and pancreatin (PSPH) were measured in vitro. Both the obtained hydrolysates showed a significantly higher DPP-IV inhibitory activity compared to the control. In particular, BSPH proved to be more effective than PSPH (IC50 8.5 ± 0.2 vs. 13 ± 1 mg mL−1). Moreover, BSPH showed the best antioxidant power, while PSPH was more able to produce low-MW peptides. BSPH and PSPH hydrolysates showed a variable but slightly inhibitory effect depending on the species or strain of bacteria tested. BSPH and PSPH samples were separated by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). LC-MS/MS analysis of selected GPC fractions allowed identification of differential peptides. Among the peptides 388 were more abundant in BSPH than in the CTRL groups, 667 were more abundant in the PSPH group compared to CTRL, and 97 and 75 of them contained sequences with a reported biological activity, respectively.
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11
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Bioactive Peptides from Liquid Milk Protein Concentrate by Sequential Tryptic and Microbial Hydrolysis. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9101688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, bioactive peptides as a health-promoting agent have come to the forefront of health research; however, industrial production is limited, possibly due to the lack of the required technological knowledge. The objective of the investigation was to prepare bioactive peptides with hypoallergenic properties from liquid milk protein concentrate (LMPC), through sequential enzymatic and microbial hydrolysis. LMPC was produced from ultra-heat-treated (UHT) skimmed cow’s milk using a nanofiltration membrane. The effect of the concentration of trypsin (0.008–0.032 g·L−1) on the hydrolysis of LMPC was studied. Subsequently, the hydrolysis of tryptic-hydrolyzed LMPC (LMPC-T) with lactic acid bacteria was performed, and the effect of glucose in microbial hydrolysis was studied. Aquaphotomic analysis of the hydrolysis of LMPC was performed using the spectral range of 1300–1600 nm (near-infrared spectra). Changes in antioxidant capacity, anti-angiotensin-converting enzyme activity, and antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes were noted after the sequential tryptic and microbial hydrolysis of LMPC. Allergenicity in LMPC was reduced, due to sequential hydrolysis with 0.016 g·L−1 of trypsin and lacteal acid bacteria. According to the aquaphotomic analysis result, there was a dissociation of hydrogen bonds in compounds during the initial period of fermentation and, subsequently, the formation of compounds with hydrogen bonds. The formation of compounds with a hydrogen bond was more noticeable when microbial hydrolysis was performed with glucose. This may support the belief that the results of the present investigation will be useful to scale up the process in the food and biopharmaceutical industries.
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12
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Machine learning screening of bile acid-binding peptides in a peptide database derived from food proteins. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16123. [PMID: 34373503 PMCID: PMC8352859 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95461-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive peptides (BPs) are protein fragments that exhibit a wide variety of physicochemical properties, such as basic, acidic, hydrophobic, and hydrophilic properties; thus, they have the potential to interact with a variety of biomolecules, whereas neither carbohydrates nor fatty acids have such diverse properties. Therefore, BP is considered to be a new generation of biologically active regulators. Recently, some BPs that have shown positive benefits in humans have been screened from edible proteins. In the present study, a new BP screening method was developed using BIOPEP-UWM and machine learning. Training data were initially obtained using high-throughput techniques, and positive and negative datasets were generated. The predictive model was generated by calculating the explanatory variables of the peptides. To understand both site-specific and global characteristics, amino acid features (for site-specific characteristics) and peptide global features (for global characteristics) were generated. The constructed models were applied to the peptide database generated using BIOPEP-UWM, and bioactivity was predicted to explore candidate bile acid-binding peptides. Using this strategy, seven novel bile acid-binding peptides (VFWM, QRIFW, RVWVQ, LIRYTK, NGDEPL, PTFTRKL, and KISQRYQ) were identified. Our novel screening method can be easily applied to industrial applications using whole edible proteins. The proposed approach would be useful for identifying bile acid-binding peptides, as well as other BPs, as long as a large amount of training data can be obtained.
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Anti- Salmonella Activity and Peptidomic Profiling of Peptide Fractions Produced from Sturgeon Fish Skin Collagen ( Huso huso) Using Commercial Enzymes. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082657. [PMID: 34444819 PMCID: PMC8398703 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated peptide fractions from fish skin collagen for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Salmonella strains. The collagen was hydrolyzed with six commercial proteases, including trypsin, Alcalase, Neutrase, Flavourzyme, pepsin and papain. Hydrolyzed samples obtained with trypsin and Alcalase had the largest number of small peptides (molecular weight <10 kDa), while the hydrolysate produced with papain showed the lowest degree of hydrolysis and highest number of large peptides. Four hydrolysates were found to inhibit the growth of the Gram-negative bacteria, with papain hydrolysate showing the best activity against E. coli, and Neutrase and papain hydrolysates showing the best activity against S. abony; hydrolysates produced with trypsin and pepsin did not show detectable antibacterial activity. After acetone fractionation of the latter hydrolysates, the peptide fractions demonstrated enhanced dose-dependent inhibition of the growth (colony-forming units) of four Salmonella strains, including S. abony (NCTC 6017), S. typhimurium (ATCC 13311), S. typhimurium (ATCC 14028) and S. chol (ATCC 10708). Shotgun peptidomics analysis of the acetone fractions of Neutrase and papain hydrolysates resulted in the identification of 71 and 103 peptides, respectively, with chain lengths of 6–22 and 6–24, respectively. This work provided an array of peptide sequences from fish skin collagen for pharmacophore identification, structure–activity relationship studies, and further investigation as food-based antibacterial agents against pathogenic microorganisms.
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14
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Cytotoxic activity and genotoxicity of antioxidant WPC-hydrolysates and their probiotics compatibility as Potential Functional Feed Additive. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.100922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Sawyer L. β-Lactoglobulin and Glycodelin: Two Sides of the Same Coin? Front Physiol 2021; 12:678080. [PMID: 34093238 PMCID: PMC8173191 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.678080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The two lipocalins, β-lactoglobulin (βLg) and glycodelin (Gd), are possibly the most closely related members of the large and widely distributed lipocalin family, yet their functions appear to be substantially different. Indeed, the function of β-lactoglobulin, a major component of ruminant milk, is still unclear although neonatal nutrition is clearly important. On the other hand, glycodelin has several specific functions in reproduction conferred through distinct, tissue specific glycosylation of the polypeptide backbone. It is also associated with some cancer outcomes. The glycodelin gene, PAEP, reflecting one of its names, progestagen-associated endometrial protein, is expressed in many though not all primates, but the name has now also been adopted for the β-lactoglobulin gene (HGNC, www.genenames.org). After a general overview of the two proteins in the context of the lipocalin family, this review considers the properties of each in the light of their physiological functional significance, supplementing earlier reviews to include studies from the past decade. While the biological function of glycodelin is reasonably well defined, that of β-lactoglobulin remains elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Sawyer
- School of Biological Sciences, IQB3, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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16
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Petit N, Dyer JM, Clerens S, Gerrard JA, Domigan LJ. Oral delivery of self-assembling bioactive peptides to target gastrointestinal tract disease. Food Funct 2021; 11:9468-9488. [PMID: 33155590 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01801e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Peptides are known for their diverse bioactivities including antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activity, all three of which are potentially useful in treating colon-associated diseases. Beside their capability to stimulate positive health effects once released in the body, peptides are able to form useful nanostructures such as hydrogels. Combining peptide bioactivity and peptide gel-forming potentials can create interesting systems that can be used for oral delivery. This combination, acting as a two-in-one system, has the potential to avoid the need for delicate entrapment of a drug or natural bioactive compound. We here review the context and research progress, to date, in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Petit
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, PB 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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17
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Milea ȘA, Aprodu I, Enachi E, Barbu V, Râpeanu G, Bahrim GE, Stănciuc N. β-lactoglobulin and its thermolysin derived hydrolysates on regulating selected biological functions of onion skin flavonoids through microencapsulation. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2020.1864020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Iuliana Aprodu
- Food Science and Engineering, Dunărea de Jos University of Galati, Galați, Romania
| | - Elena Enachi
- Food Science and Engineering, Dunărea de Jos University of Galati, Galați, Romania
| | - Vasilica Barbu
- Food Science and Engineering, Dunărea de Jos University of Galati, Galați, Romania
| | - Gabriela Râpeanu
- Food Science and Engineering, Dunărea de Jos University of Galati, Galați, Romania
| | | | - Nicoleta Stănciuc
- Food Science and Engineering, Dunărea de Jos University of Galati, Galați, Romania
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Fan XY, Guo WB, Qiu LH, Zhang YY, Miao YW. Polymorphisms, Molecular Characteristics of LGB Gene in River and Swamp Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). RUSS J GENET+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795421020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kumar R, Ali SA, Singh SK, Bhushan V, Mathur M, Jamwal S, Mohanty AK, Kaushik JK, Kumar S. Antimicrobial Peptides in Farm Animals: An Updated Review on Its Diversity, Function, Modes of Action and Therapeutic Prospects. Vet Sci 2020; 7:vetsci7040206. [PMID: 33352919 PMCID: PMC7766339 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7040206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are the arsenals of the innate host defense system, exhibiting evolutionarily conserved characteristics that are present in practically all forms of life. Recent years have witnessed the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria compounded with a slow discovery rate for new antibiotics that have necessitated scientific efforts to search for alternatives to antibiotics. Research on the identification of AMPs has generated very encouraging evidence that they curb infectious pathologies and are also useful as novel biologics to function as immunotherapeutic agents. Being innate, they exhibit the least cytotoxicity to the host and exerts a wide spectrum of biological activity including low resistance among microbes and increased wound healing actions. Notably, in veterinary science, the constant practice of massive doses of antibiotics with inappropriate withdrawal programs led to a high risk of livestock-associated antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, the world faces tremendous pressure for designing and devising strategies to mitigate the use of antibiotics in animals and keep it safe for posterity. In this review, we illustrate the diversity of farm animal-specific AMPs, and their biochemical foundations, mode of action, and prospective application in clinics. Subsequently, we present the data for their systematic classification under the major and minor groups, antipathogenic action, and allied bioactivities in the host. Finally, we address the limitations of their clinical implementation and envision areas for further advancement.
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21
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Assessment of the Bioactive Potential of Cheese Whey Protein Hydrolysates Using Immobilized Alcalase. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-020-02552-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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22
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Beulaja Manikandan S, Manikandan R, Arumugam M, Mullainadhan P. An overview on human serum lectins. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04623. [PMID: 32923708 PMCID: PMC7475231 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
An extensive literature survey done on the various naturally occurring lectins in human serum upon its salient features such as methods of detection, level and sites of synthesis, binding specificity, cation dependency, modes of isolation, molecular and functional characterization way back from 1930s to till date was presented in a tabulated section. In addition, the generation of lectin and other immune molecules in vertebrates upon treatment with exogenous elicitors has also been framed in a tabular form. Furthermore, ANEW lectin induced in human serum for the very first time by an exogenous elicitor was detected, isolated and characterized by us whose features are also tabulated explicitly.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Beulaja Manikandan
- Department of Biochemistry, Annai Veilankanni's College for Women, Saidapet, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 600015, India
| | - R. Manikandan
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 600025, India
| | - M. Arumugam
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 600025, India
| | - P. Mullainadhan
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 600025, India
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In Vitro Characterisation of the Antioxidative Properties of Whey Protein Hydrolysates Generated under pH- and Non pH-Controlled Conditions. Foods 2020; 9:foods9050582. [PMID: 32380669 PMCID: PMC7278780 DOI: 10.3390/foods9050582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine whey protein concentrate (WPC) was hydrolysed under pH-stat (ST) and non pH-controlled (free-fall, FF) conditions using Debitrase (DBT) and FlavorPro Whey (FPW). The resultant whey protein hydrolysates (WPHs) were assessed for the impact of hydrolysis conditions on the physicochemical and the in vitro antioxidant and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in oxidatively stressed HepG2 cells. Enzyme and hydrolysis condition dependent differences in the physicochemical properties of the hydrolysates were observed, however, the extent of hydrolysis was similar under ST and FF conditions. Significantly higher (p < 0.05) in vitro and cellular antioxidant activities were observed for the DBT compared to the FPW-WPHs. The WPHs generated under ST conditions displayed significantly higher (p < 0.05) oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) values compared to the FF-WPHs. The impact of hydrolysis conditions was more pronounced in the in vitro compared to the cellular antioxidant assay. WPH peptide profiles (LC-MS/MS) were also enzyme and hydrolysis conditions dependent as illustrated in the case of β-lactoglobulin. Therefore, variation in the profiles of the peptides released may explain the observed differences in the antioxidant activity. Targeted generation of antioxidant hydrolysates needs to consider the hydrolysis conditions and the antioxidant assessment method employed.
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David S, Wojciechowska A, Portmann R, Shpigelman A, Lesmes U. The impact of food-grade carrageenans and consumer age on the in vitro proteolysis of whey proteins. Food Res Int 2020; 130:108964. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Antibacterial Activity of Trypsin-Hydrolyzed Camel and Cow Whey and Their Fractions. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10020337. [PMID: 32093356 PMCID: PMC7070643 DOI: 10.3390/ani10020337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Camels are an important part of the ecosystem in desert areas. Camels can survive well under difficult conditions, therefore, they play a key role in local herdsmen’s production, life, and economic structure. China’s Inner Mongolia region has unique environmental and geographical advantages, making it suitable for camel breeding. Camel milk has high nutritional value and unique functional characteristics. It not only has low sensitization, but also contains various immune active factors with high medicinal value. Currently, there are various products derived from cow and goat milk, but few related to camel milk, providing an opportunity for development. This study used trypsin to hydrolyze the whey proteins of camel milk, separated and purified peptide fragments with antibacterial activity, and conducted a comparative study with cow milk. The present study provided new ideas for the use and development of camel whey protein hydrolysates and their dextran purification fractions, and indicated the future development of these peptides as nutritional additives or food preservatives. Abstract Antibacterial peptides were isolated and purified from whey proteins of camel milk (CaW) and cow milk (CoW) and their antimicrobial activities were studied. The whey proteins were hydrolyzed using trypsin, and the degree of hydrolysis was identified by gel electrophoresis. The whey hydrolysate (WH) was purified using ultrafiltration and Dextran gel chromatography to obtain small peptides with antibacterial activity. The effect of the antimicrobial peptides on the morphology of bacterial strains was investigated using transmission electron microscopy. Their amino acid composition and antimicrobial activities were then determined. Polypeptides CaWH-III (<3 kDa) and CoWH-III (<3 kDa) had the strongest antibacterial activity. Both Fr.A2 (CaWH-Ⅲ’s fraction 2) and Fr.B1 (CoWH-Ⅲ’s fraction 1) had antibacterial effects toward Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with minimum antimicrobial mass concentrations of 65 mg/mL and 130 mg/mL for Fr.A2, and 130 mg/mL and 130 mg/mL for Fr.B1, respectively. The highly active antimicrobial peptides had high amounts of alkaline amino acids (28.13% in camel milk Fr.A2 and 25.07% in the cow milk Fr.B1) and hydrophobic amino acids. (51.29% in camel milk Fr.A2 and 57.69% in the cow milk Fr.B1). This results showed that hydrolysis of CaW and CoW using trypsin produced a variety of effective antimicrobial peptides against selected pathogens, and the antibacterial activity of camel milk whey was slightly higher than that of cow milk whey.
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Nguyen HTH, Gathercole JL, Day L, Dalziel JE. Differences in peptide generation following in vitro gastrointestinal digestion of yogurt and milk from cow, sheep and goat. Food Chem 2020; 317:126419. [PMID: 32088406 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fermentation of milk is commonly used throughout the world to produce a variety of foods with different health benefits. We hypothesised that due to differences in physicochemical properties and protein sequences among milk from different species and their fermented yogurt samples, their protein digestion and resulting peptide profiles would differ. Cow, goat and sheep milk and yogurt were compared at designated timepoints throughout in vitro gastric and intestinal digestion for differences in peptide profiles and peptide bioactivities. The results showed that most proteins in all milk and yogurt samples were digested within the early phase of gastric digestion. β-Lg and β-CN were digested faster in yogurt than milk, which was most evident for sheep products. Regardless of species, in vitro gastric and intestinal digestion released a higher concentration of specific peptides, particularly anti-hypertensives, from yogurt compared with their milk counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanh T H Nguyen
- Dairy Foods Team, Food & Bio-Based Products Group, AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Jessica L Gathercole
- Proteins & Metabolites Team, Food & Bio-Based Products Group, AgResearch, Lincoln Research Centre, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Li Day
- Food & Fibre Sector, AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Julie E Dalziel
- Food Nutrition & Health Team, Food & Bio-Based Products Group, AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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Amer SA, Osman A, Al-Gabri NA, Elsayed SAM, Abd El-Rahman GI, Elabbasy MT, Ahmed SAA, Ibrahim RE. The Effect of Dietary Replacement of Fish Meal with Whey Protein Concentrate on the Growth Performance, Fish Health, and Immune Status of Nile Tilapia Fingerlings, Oreochromis niloticus. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9121003. [PMID: 31756970 PMCID: PMC6941161 DOI: 10.3390/ani9121003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Although fish meal is considered the main animal protein source in fish diets, its high cost and unavailability limit its use in aquafeed. Recently, the search for other high-quality replacers of fish meal in aquatic feeds is being carried out with increased attentiveness. However, very few investigations have been performed to assess the possible use of whey protein concentrates (WPC) in Nile tilapia feeds. Five replacement percentages of fish meal with WPC (0%, 13.8%, 27.7%, 41.6%, and 55.5%) were assessed. WPC could replace the fish meal in Nile tilapia diets up to 27.7%, with improving the gut health, the total weight of survival fish, and immune status of fish challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. High inclusion levels of WPC are not recommended in fish diets, since they negatively affected the intestinal and liver tissues and increased the level of cellular apoptosis, as indicated by the increased caspase 3 activity. Abstract The present study was conducted to assess the effect of replacing fish meal with whey protein concentrate (WPC) on the growth performance, histopathological condition of organs, economic efficiency, disease resistance to intraperitoneal inoculation of Aeromonas hydrophila, and the immune response of Oreochromis niloticus. The toxicity of WPC was tested by measuring the activity of caspase 3 as an indicator of cellular apoptosis. Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings with average initial weight 18.65 ± 0.05 gm/fish (n = 225) for a 10-week feeding trial. The fish were randomly allocated to five experimental groups, having five replacement percentages of fish meal with WPC: 0%, 13.8%, 27.7%, 41.6%, and 55.5% (WPC0, WPC13.8, WPC27.7, WPC41.6, and WPC55.5); zero percentage represented the control group. The results show that the fish fed WPC had the same growth performance as the WPC0. The total weight of bacterially challenged surviving fish increased linearly and quadratically (p ≤ 0.05) by increasing the replacement percentage of fish meal with WPC. The growth hormone, nitric oxide, IgM, complement 3, and lysozyme activity were seen to increase significantly in WPC27.7, especially after a bacterial challenge. The phagocytic percentage and phagocytic index increased significantly in WPC27.7, WPC41.6, and WPC55.5 groups. Histopathological examination of liver sections was badly affected by high replacement in WPC41.6–55.5. The activity of caspase 3 in the immunohistochemical stained sections of the intestine was increased significantly by increasing the inclusion level of WPC. Economically, the total return of the total surviving fish after the bacterial challenge was increased significantly by fish meal replacement with WPC. It could be concluded that WPC could replace the fish meal in Nile tilapia diets up to 27.7%, with improving the gut health, the total weight of survival fish, and immune status of fish challenged with A. hydrophila. High inclusion levels of WPC are not recommended in fish diets, since they negatively affected the intestinal and liver tissues and increased the level of cellular apoptosis, as indicated by the increased caspase 3 activity. Further researches are recommended to evaluate the effect of fish meal replacement with WPC on the histopathological examination of the kidney and to test the capacity of serum IgM to clot the bacteria used for the challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa A. Amer
- Department of Nutrition & Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
- Correspondence: or
| | - Ali Osman
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 4451, Egypt
| | - Naif A. Al-Gabri
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Thamar University, Dahamar 1519, Yemen
| | - Shafika A. M. Elsayed
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Ghada I. Abd El-Rahman
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Tharwat Elabbasy
- College of Public Health and Molecular Diagnostics and Personalized Therapeutics Center (CMDPT), Hail University, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa A. A. Ahmed
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Rowida E. Ibrahim
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
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Ni H, Hayes H, Stead D, Liu G, Yang H, Li H, Raikos V. Interaction of whey protein with polyphenols from salal fruits (
Gaultheria shallon
) and the effects on protein structure and hydrolysis pattern by Flavourzyme
®. Int J Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- He Ni
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development School of Life Sciences South China Normal University Guangzhou 510631 China
| | - Helen Hayes
- Rowett Institute University of Aberdeen Aberdeen Foresterhill AB25 2ZD UK
| | - David Stead
- Rowett Institute University of Aberdeen Aberdeen Foresterhill AB25 2ZD UK
| | - Guang Liu
- Sericultural and Agri‐Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences Key Laboratory of Functional Foods Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing Guangzhou 510610 China
| | - Huaijie Yang
- School of Food Science and Engineering Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Haihang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development School of Life Sciences South China Normal University Guangzhou 510631 China
| | - Vassilios Raikos
- Rowett Institute University of Aberdeen Aberdeen Foresterhill AB25 2ZD UK
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Mada SB, Ugwu CP, Abarshi MM. Health Promoting Effects of Food-Derived Bioactive Peptides: A Review. Int J Pept Res Ther 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-019-09890-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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30
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Mao Y, Krischke M, Kulozik U. β-Lactoglobulin hydrolysis by a flow-through monolithic immobilized trypsin reactor in ethanol/aqueous solvents. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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31
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Probing the Functionality of Bioactives from Eggplant Peel Extracts Through Extraction and Microencapsulation in Different Polymers and Whey Protein Hydrolysates. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-019-02302-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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32
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Elbarbary HA, Ejima A, Sato K. Generation of antibacterial peptides from crude cheese whey using pepsin and rennet enzymes at various pH conditions. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:555-563. [PMID: 29931710 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study aimed to prepare antimicrobial agents for food preservation from crude cheese whey. Crude cheese whey was digested with porcine pepsin, and calf and fungal rennets at various pHs. The digests were assessed for antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. RESULTS The calf rennet digest at pH 3.0 showed the highest antibacterial activity. Three antibacterial peptides that acted against B. subtilis lactoferrin f(20-30), and β-lactoglobulin f(14-22) and f(92-103) were identified in the calf rennet digest. Only lactoferrin f(20-30) also exerted bactericidal activity against E. coli. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed that the three peptides were generated by the porcine pepsin at pH 2.5, whereas the calf rennet generated them at a wider pH (pH 2.5-3.5). Fungal rennet generated only β-lactoglobulin f14-22 at pH 3.5. The pepsin and calf rennet digests at pH 2.5 and 3.0, respectively, reduced the E. coli and B. subtilis populations by approximately 2 log at 6000 µg mL-1 in milk at 4 °C. CONCLUSION The calf rennet and porcine pepsin digests of cheese whey, at a specific acidic pH, which can be prepared from food-grade materials, have the potential to be used as natural food preservatives due to the presence of the three antibacterial peptides. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend A Elbarbary
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Food Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Egypt
| | - Akika Ejima
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Sato
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Dullius A, Goettert MI, de Souza CFV. Whey protein hydrolysates as a source of bioactive peptides for functional foods – Biotechnological facilitation of industrial scale-up. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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Yang J, Wang B, You Y, Chang WJ, Tang K, Wang YC, Zhang W, Ding F, Gunasekaran S. Probing the modulated formation of gold nanoparticles-beta-lactoglobulin corona complexes and their applications. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:17758-17769. [PMID: 28869274 PMCID: PMC5901966 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr02999c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the interactions between proteins and nanoparticles (NPs) along with the underlying structural and dynamic information is of utmost importance to exploit nanotechnology for biomedical applications. Upon adsorption onto a NP surface, proteins form a well-organized layer, termed the corona, that dictates the identity of the NP-protein complex and governs its biological pathways. Given its high biological relevance, in-depth molecular investigations and applications of NPs-protein corona complexes are still scarce, especially since different proteins form unique corona patterns, making identification of the biomolecular motifs at the interface critical. In this work, we provide molecular insights and structural characterizations of the bio-nano interface of a popular food-based protein, namely bovine beta-lactoglobulin (β-LG), with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and report on our investigations of the formation of corona complexes by combined molecular simulations and complementary experiments. Two major binding sites in β-LG were identified as being driven by citrate-mediated electrostatic interactions, while the associated binding kinetics and conformational changes in the secondary structures were also characterized. More importantly, the superior stability of the corona led us to further explore its biomedical applications, such as in the smartphone-based point-of-care biosensing of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and in the computed tomography (CT) of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract through oral administration to probe GI tolerance and functions. Considering their biocompatibility, edible nature, and efficient excretion through defecation, AuNPs-β-LG corona complexes have shown promising perspectives for future in vitro and in vivo clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 460 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Corresponding authors at (J.Y.), (F.D.) and (S.G.)
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, 118 Kinard Laboratory, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Youngsang You
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 460 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Woo-jin Chang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3200 North Cramer Street, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
| | - Ke Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 851 South Morgan Street, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Yi-Cheng Wang
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 460 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Wenzhao Zhang
- Department of Engineering Professional Development, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 432 North Lake Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Feng Ding
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, 118 Kinard Laboratory, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- Corresponding authors at (J.Y.), (F.D.) and (S.G.)
| | - Sundaram Gunasekaran
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 460 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Corresponding authors at (J.Y.), (F.D.) and (S.G.)
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Effect of acid whey-fortified breads on caecal fermentation processes and blood lipid profile in rats. Br J Nutr 2017; 118:169-178. [PMID: 28831956 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517001921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Two types of diet - standard and atherogenic - were used to study the effect of wheat or wheat-rye breads supplemented with 20 % acid whey concentrate after ultrafiltration on the physiological response of growing rats. The acid whey concentrate after ultrafiltration used in rat diets caused reduced weight gain (for atherogenic diet with wheat bread); growth of caecum tissue and digesta weight; a decrease in the pH of caecum digesta (for atherogenic diet); reduced activity of bacterial glycolytic enzymes; and a significant increase in total SCFA for both types of diet with wheat-rye breads containing acid whey concentrate. For wheat bread with acid whey, in standard diet, a statistically significant increase was found in the population of bifidobacteria. The results showed that the acid whey concentrates could be used as a valuable food ingredient.
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Moreno-Montoro M, Olalla-Herrera M, Rufián-Henares JÁ, Martínez RG, Miralles B, Bergillos T, Navarro-Alarcón M, Jauregi P. Antioxidant, ACE-inhibitory and antimicrobial activity of fermented goat milk: activity and physicochemical property relationship of the peptide components. Food Funct 2017; 8:2783-2791. [PMID: 28702643 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00666g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence on goat milk and the health benefits of its derived products beyond its nutritional value show its potential as a functional food. In this study, goat milk fractions were tested for their total antioxidant capacity using different methods (ORAC, ABTS, DPPH and FRAP), as well as their angiotensin-I-converting-enzyme inhibitory and antimicrobial (against Escherichia coli and Micrococcus luteus) activities. Different whey fractions (whey, cation exchange membrane permeate P and retentate R) of two fermented skimmed goat milks (ultrafiltered goat milk fermented with the classical starter bacteria or with the classical starter plus the Lactobacillus plantarum C4 probiotic strain) were assessed. Additionally, P fractions were divided into two sub-fractions after being passed through a 3 kDa cut-off membrane: (a) the permeate with peptides of MW <3 kDa (P < 3); and (b) the retentate with peptides and proteins of MW >3 kDa (P > 3). No differences in biological activities were observed between the two fermented milks. However, the biological peptides present in the P < 3 fraction showed the highest total antioxidant capacity (for the ORAC assay) and angiotensin-I-converting-enzyme inhibitory activity. Those present in the R fraction showed the highest total antioxidant capacity against ABTS˙+ and DPPH˙ radicals. Some antimicrobial activity against E. coli was observed for the fermented milk containing the probiotic, which could be due to some peptides being released by the probiotic strain. In conclusion, small and non-basic bioactive peptides could be responsible for most of the angiotensin-I-converting-enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant activities. These findings reinforce the potential benefits of the consumption of fermented goat milk in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases associated with oxidative stress and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Moreno-Montoro
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Olalla-Herrera
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - José Ángel Rufián-Henares
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Rafael Giménez Martínez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Beatriz Miralles
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM, CEI-UAM+CSIC), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Triana Bergillos
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK.
| | - Miguel Navarro-Alarcón
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Paula Jauregi
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK.
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Sah BNP, Vasiljevic T, McKechnie S, Donkor ON. Antioxidative and antibacterial peptides derived from bovine milk proteins. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:726-740. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1217825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. N. P. Sah
- Advanced Food Systems Research Unit, College of Health and Biomedicine
| | - T. Vasiljevic
- Advanced Food Systems Research Unit, College of Health and Biomedicine
| | - S. McKechnie
- Advanced Food Systems Research Unit, College of Engineering and Science, Victoria University, Werribee Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - O. N. Donkor
- Advanced Food Systems Research Unit, College of Health and Biomedicine
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Bamdad F, Bark S, Kwon CH, Suh JW, Sunwoo H. Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties of Peptides Released from β-Lactoglobulin by High Hydrostatic Pressure-Assisted Enzymatic Hydrolysis. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22060949. [PMID: 28590420 PMCID: PMC6152616 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: β-lactoglobulin hydrolysates (BLGH) have shown antioxidant, antihypertensive, antimicrobial, and opioid activity. In the current study, an innovative combination of high hydrostatic pressure and enzymatic hydrolysis (HHP–EH) was used to increase the yield of short bioactive peptides, and evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of the BLGH produced by the HHP–EH process. Method: BLG was enzymatically hydrolyzed by different proteases at an enzyme-to-substrate ratio of 1:100 under HHP (100 MPa) and compared with hydrolysates obtained under atmospheric pressure (AP-EH at 0.1 MPa). The degree of hydrolysis (DH), molecular weight distribution, and the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of hydrolysates in chemical and cellular models were evaluated. Results: BLGH obtained under HHP–EH showed higher DH than the hydrolysates obtained under AP-EH. Free radical scavenging and the reducing capacity were also significantly stronger in HHP-BLGH compared to AP-BLGH. The BLGH produced by alcalase (Alc) (BLG-Alc) showed significantly higher antioxidant properties among the six enzymes examined in this study. The anti-inflammatory properties of BLG-HHP-Alc were observed in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophage cells by a lower level of nitric oxide production and the suppression of the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Peptide sequencing revealed that 38% of the amino acids in BLG-HHP-Alc are hydrophobic and aromatic residues, which contribute to its anti-inflammatory properties. Conclusions: Enzymatic hydrolysis of BLG under HHP produces a higher yield of short bioactive peptides with potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Bamdad
- Centre for Pharmacy & Health Research, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, 11361-87 Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
| | - Seonghee Bark
- Centre for Pharmacy & Health Research, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, 11361-87 Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
| | - Chul Hee Kwon
- Centre for Pharmacy & Health Research, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, 11361-87 Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
| | - Joo-Won Suh
- Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 449-728, Korea.
| | - Hoon Sunwoo
- Centre for Pharmacy & Health Research, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, 11361-87 Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
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39
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Villa TG, Feijoo-Siota L, Rama JLR, Ageitos JM. Antivirals against animal viruses. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 133:97-116. [PMID: 27697545 PMCID: PMC7092833 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Antivirals are compounds used since the 1960s that can interfere with viral development. Some of these antivirals can be isolated from a variety of sources, such as animals, plants, bacteria or fungi, while others must be obtained by chemical synthesis, either designed or random. Antivirals display a variety of mechanisms of action, and while some of them enhance the animal immune system, others block a specific enzyme or a particular step in the viral replication cycle. As viruses are mandatory intracellular parasites that use the host's cellular machinery to survive and multiply, it is essential that antivirals do not harm the host. In addition, viruses are continually developing new antiviral resistant strains, due to their high mutation rate, which makes it mandatory to continually search for, or develop, new antiviral compounds. This review describes natural and synthetic antivirals in chronological order, with an emphasis on natural compounds, even when their mechanisms of action are not completely understood, that could serve as the basis for future development of novel and/or complementary antiviral treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G Villa
- Department of Microbiology, Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - L Feijoo-Siota
- Department of Microbiology, Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - J L R Rama
- Department of Microbiology, Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - J M Ageitos
- Department of Microbiology, Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
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40
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Cheison SC, Kulozik U. Impact of the environmental conditions and substrate pre-treatment on whey protein hydrolysis: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:418-453. [PMID: 25976220 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.959115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Proteins in solution are subject to myriad forces stemming from interactions with each other as well as with the solvent media. The role of the environmental conditions, namely pH, temperature, ionic strength remains under-estimated yet it impacts protein conformations and consequently its interaction with, and susceptibility to, the enzyme. Enzymes, being proteins are also amenable to the environmental conditions because they are either activated or denatured depending on the choice of the conditions. Furthermore, enzyme specificity is restricted to a narrow regime of optimal conditions while opportunities outside the optimum conditions remain untapped. In addition, the composition of protein substrate (whether mixed or single purified) have been underestimated in previous studies. In addition, protein pre-treatment methods like heat denaturation prior to hydrolysis is a complex phenomenon whose progression is influenced by the environmental conditions including the presence or absence of sugars like lactose, ionic strength, purity of the protein, and the molecular structure of the mixed proteins particularly presence of free thiol groups. In this review, we revisit protein hydrolysis with a focus on the impact of the hydrolysis environment and show that preference of peptide bonds and/or one protein over another during hydrolysis is driven by the environmental conditions. Likewise, heat-denaturing is a process which is dependent on not only the environment but the presence or absence of other proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ulrich Kulozik
- b Chair for Food Process Engineering and Dairy Technology Department , ZIEL Technology Section, Technische Universität München , Weihenstephaner Berg 1, Freising , Germany
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41
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Manikandan B, Ramar M, Raman T, Periasamy M, Munusamy A. Purification and characterisation of a pronase-inducible lectin isolated from human serum. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 99:443-453. [PMID: 28212932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new lectin was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from pronase treated human serum by a single-step of affinity chromatography on concanavalin A-Sepharose 4B. The isolated lectin agglutinated five types of vertebrate RBC, with highest titer against hen RBC. This activity was independent of divalent cations, insensitive to EDTA and specific to mannosamine, glucosamine as well as galactosamine. Purified lectin gave a single symmetrical peak in its native form with a molecular mass estimate of 6kDa in FPLC analysis and 6.5kDa by MALDI-TOF MS. SDS-PAGE analysis of the lectin revealed that it is a homo-oligomer of a 3kDa subunit protein. Isolated lectin did possess both, hemagglutinating and phenoloxidase activities, but did not exhibit any antibacterial or antifungal activities. In addition, this lectin could oxidize all nine different phenolic substrates tested, with hydroquinone proving to be the best among them. Phenoloxidase inhibitors namely, phenylthiourea and tropolone inhibited this oxidation activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beulaja Manikandan
- Department of Biochemistry, Annai Veilankanni's College for Women, Chennai, 600015, India.
| | - Manikandan Ramar
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025, India
| | - Thiagarajan Raman
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, 613 401, India
| | | | - Arumugam Munusamy
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025, India
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42
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Ashok NR, Aparna HS. Empirical and bioinformatic characterization of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) colostrum whey peptides & their angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibition. Food Chem 2017; 228:582-594. [PMID: 28317767 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Whey based peptides are well known for their nutritional and multifunctional properties. In this context, whey proteins from buffalo colostrum & milk were digested by in vitro simulation digestion and analyzed by nano-LC-MS/MS. Functional protein association networks, gene annotations and localization of identified proteins were carried out. An ACE inhibitory peptide sorted from the library was custom synthesized and an in vitro ACE assay was performed. The study led to the identification of 74 small peptides which were clustered into 5 gene functional groups and majority of them were secretory proteins. Among the identified peptides, majority of them were found identical to angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, antioxidant, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory and opioidal peptides. An octapeptide (m/z - 902.51, IQKVAGTW) synthesized was found to inhibit ACE with an IC50 of 300±2µM. The present investigation thus establishes newer vista for food derived peptides having ACE inhibitory potential for nutraceutical or therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Ashok
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka 570 006 India
| | - H S Aparna
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka 570 006 India.
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Mohammed-Geba K, Arrutia F, Do-Huu H, Borrell YJ, Galal-Khallaf A, Ardura A, Riera FA, Garcia-Vazquez E. VY6, a β-lactoglobulin-derived peptide, altered metabolic lipid pathways in the zebra fish liver. Food Funct 2016; 7:1968-74. [PMID: 26983953 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00003g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Today enormous research efforts are being focused on alleviating the massive, adverse effects of obesity. Short peptides are key targets for research as they can be generated from natural proteins, like milk. Here we conducted trypsinogen digestion of beta-lactoglobulin (β-lg), the major mammalian milk protein, to release the hexamer VY6. It was assayed in vivo for its activities on lipid metabolism using zebra fish as a vertebrate model. Zebra fish juveniles were injected with two different doses of the peptide: 100 and 800 μg per g fish and left for 5 days before sacrificing. Lipid measurements showed significant reduction in liver triglycerides and free cholesterol, as well as increased liver HDL cholesterol. Dose-dependent increases of the mRNA levels of the genes coding for the enzymes acyl coenzyme A oxidase 1 (acox1) and lipoprotein lipase (lpl) were also found. The complete results suggest significant anti-obesity activity of the β-lg-derived VY6 peptide. Its use as a nutraceutical has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mohammed-Geba
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain. and Genetic Engineering and Molecular Biology Division, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - F Arrutia
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - H Do-Huu
- Department of Aquaculture Biotechnology, Institute of Oceanography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 01 Cau Da, Nha Trang, Vietnam
| | - Y J Borrell
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - A Galal-Khallaf
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain. and Genetic Engineering and Molecular Biology Division, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - A Ardura
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Francisco A Riera
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Eva Garcia-Vazquez
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
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Antimicrobial activity of buttermilk and lactoferrin peptide extracts on poultry pathogens. J DAIRY RES 2016; 83:497-504. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022029916000637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotics are commonly used in poultry feed as growth promoters. This practice is questioned given the arising importance of antibiotic resistance. Antimicrobial peptides can be used as food additives for a potent alternative to synthetic or semi-synthetic antibiotics. The objective of this study was to develop a peptide production method based on membrane adsorption chromatography in order to produce extracts with antimicrobial activity against avian pathogens (Salmonella entericavar. Enteritidis,Salmonella entericavar. Typhimurium, and twoEscherichia colistrains, O78:H80 and TK3 O1:K1) as well asStaphylococcus aureus. To achieve this, buttermilk powder and purified lactoferrin were digested with pepsin. The peptide extracts (<10 kDa) were fractionated depending on their charges through high-capacity cation-exchange and anion-exchange adsorptive membranes. The yields of cationic peptide extracts were 6·3 and 15·4% from buttermilk and lactoferrin total peptide extracts, respectively. Antimicrobial activity was assessed using the microdilution technique on microplates. Our results indicate that the buttermilk cationic peptide extracts were bactericidal at less than 5 mg/ml against the selected avian strains, with losses of 1·7 log CFU/ml (Salm.Typhimurium) to 3 log CFU/ml (E. coliO78:H80); viability decreased by 1·5 log CFU/ml forStaph. aureus, a Gram-positive bacterium. Anionic and non-adsorbed peptide extracts were inactive at 5 mg/ml. These results demonstrate that membrane adsorption chromatography is an effective way to prepare a cationic peptide extract from buttermilk that is active against avian pathogens.
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Gómez-Mascaraque LG, Miralles B, Recio I, López-Rubio A. Microencapsulation of a whey protein hydrolysate within micro-hydrogels: Impact on gastrointestinal stability and potential for functional yoghurt development. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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46
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Abdel-Hamid M, Goda HA, De Gobba C, Jenssen H, Osman A. Antibacterial activity of papain hydrolysed camel whey and its fractions. Int Dairy J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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47
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Isolation and identification of some antibacterial peptides in the plasmin-digest of β-casein. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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48
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Arrutia F, Rubio R, Riera FA. Production and membrane fractionation of bioactive peptides from a whey protein concentrate. J FOOD ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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49
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Fleming K, Thompson-Crispi KA, Hodgins DC, Miglior F, Corredig M, Mallard BA. Short communication: Variation of total immunoglobulin G and β-lactoglobulin concentrations in colostrum and milk from Canadian Holsteins classified as high, average, or low immune responders. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:2358-2363. [PMID: 26774725 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-9707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate IgG and β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) concentrations in colostrum and milk of Canadian Holsteins (n=108) classified as high (H), average (A), or low (L) for antibody-mediated (AMIR) or cell-mediated immune responses (CMIR) based on estimated breeding values. It was hypothesized that H-AMIR and H-CMIR cows produce colostrum (first milking) and milk (d 5 postcalving) with higher concentrations of IgG and β-LG. Data for IgG and β-LG in colostrum and milk were analyzed independently using mixed linear models. Least squares means were compared using Tukey's test. Cows classified as H-AMIR had higher IgG and β-LG concentrations in colostrum compared with A- and L-AMIR cows; 84% of H-AMIR, 69% of A-AMIR, and 68% of L-AMIR cows had over 5,000 mg/dL IgG in colostrum. No differences in IgG and β-LG concentrations in colostrum were noted among cows ranked on CMIR or in milk of cows ranked on AMIR. β-Lactoglobulin and IgG concentrations were positively correlated in colostrum. Breeding cows for H-AMIR status may reduce failure of passive transfer of IgG in their calves; β-LG may play a role in bovine immune defenses. Colostrum from H-AMIR cows may serve as a more economical feedstock source for manufacturing natural health products.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Fleming
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - K A Thompson-Crispi
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada; Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - D C Hodgins
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - F Miglior
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada; Canadian Dairy Network, Guelph, Ontario, N1K 1E5, Canada
| | - M Corredig
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - B A Mallard
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada; Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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50
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Hewavisenti RV, Morris KM, O'Meally D, Cheng Y, Papenfuss AT, Belov K. The identification of immune genes in the milk transcriptome of the Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii). PeerJ 2016; 4:e1569. [PMID: 26793426 PMCID: PMC4715465 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) pouch young, like other marsupials, are born underdeveloped and immunologically naïve, and are unable to mount an adaptive immune response. The mother’s milk provides nutrients for growth and development as well as providing passive immunity. To better understand immune response in this endangered species, we set out to characterise the genes involved in passive immunity by sequencing and annotating the transcriptome of a devil milk sample collected during mid-lactation. At mid-lactation we expect the young to have heightened immune responses, as they have emerged from the pouch, encountering new pathogens. A total of 233,660 transcripts were identified, including approximately 17,827 unique protein-coding genes and 846 immune genes. The most highly expressed transcripts were dominated by milk protein genes such as those encoding early lactation protein, late lactation proteins, α-lactalbumin, α-casein and β-casein. There were numerous highly expressed immune genes including lysozyme, whey acidic protein, ferritin and major histocompatibility complex I and II. Genes encoding immunoglobulins, antimicrobial peptides, chemokines and immune cell receptors were also identified. The array of immune genes identified in this study reflects the importance of the milk in providing immune protection to Tasmanian devil young and provides the first insight into Tasmanian devil milk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katrina M Morris
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia
| | - Denis O'Meally
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia
| | - Yuanyuan Cheng
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia
| | - Anthony T Papenfuss
- Bioinformatics Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Bioinformatics and Cancer Genomics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katherine Belov
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia
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