1
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Beaudier P, Zein SA, Chatzipapas K, Ngoc Tran H, Devès G, Plawinski L, Liénard R, Dupuy D, Barberet P, Incerti S, Gobet F, Seznec H. Quantitative analysis of dose dependent DNA fragmentation in dry pBR322 plasmid using long read sequencing and Monte Carlo simulations. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18650. [PMID: 39134627 PMCID: PMC11319478 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69406-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Exposure to ionizing radiation can induce genetic aberrations via unrepaired DNA strand breaks. To investigate quantitatively the dose-effect relationship at the molecular level, we irradiated dry pBR322 plasmid DNA with 3 MeV protons and assessed fragmentation yields at different radiation doses using long-read sequencing from Oxford Nanopore Technologies. This technology applied to a reference DNA model revealed dose-dependent fragmentation, as evidenced by read length distributions, showing no discernible radiation sensitivity in specific genetic sequences. In addition, we propose a method for directly measuring the single-strand break (SSB) yield. Furthermore, through a comparative study with a collection of previous works on dry DNA irradiation, we show that the irradiation protocol leads to biases in the definition of ionizing sources. We support this scenario by discussing the size distributions of nanopore sequencing reads in the light of Geant4 and Geant4-DNA simulation toolkit predictions. We show that integrating long-read sequencing technologies with advanced Monte Carlo simulations paves a promising path toward advancing our comprehension and prediction of radiation-induced DNA fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Beaudier
- CNRS, LP2iB, UMR 5797, Univ. Bordeaux, 33170, Gradignan, France
- CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR5320, U1212, Univ. Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sara A Zein
- CNRS, LP2iB, UMR 5797, Univ. Bordeaux, 33170, Gradignan, France
| | | | - Hoang Ngoc Tran
- CNRS, LP2iB, UMR 5797, Univ. Bordeaux, 33170, Gradignan, France
| | - Guillaume Devès
- CNRS, LP2iB, UMR 5797, Univ. Bordeaux, 33170, Gradignan, France
| | | | - Rémy Liénard
- CNRS, LP2iB, UMR 5797, Univ. Bordeaux, 33170, Gradignan, France
| | - Denis Dupuy
- CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR5320, U1212, Univ. Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - Franck Gobet
- CNRS, LP2iB, UMR 5797, Univ. Bordeaux, 33170, Gradignan, France
| | - Hervé Seznec
- CNRS, LP2iB, UMR 5797, Univ. Bordeaux, 33170, Gradignan, France.
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2
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Marttila P, Bonagas N, Chalkiadaki C, Stigsdotter H, Schelzig K, Shen J, Farhat CM, Hondema A, Albers J, Wiita E, Rasti A, Warpman Berglund U, Slipicevic A, Mortusewicz O, Helleday T. The one-carbon metabolic enzyme MTHFD2 promotes resection and homologous recombination after ionizing radiation. Mol Oncol 2024. [PMID: 38533616 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The one-carbon metabolism enzyme bifunctional methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase 2 (MTHFD2) is among the most overexpressed proteins across tumors and is widely recognized as a promising anticancer target. While MTHFD2 is mainly described as a mitochondrial protein, a new nuclear function is emerging. Here, we observe that nuclear MTHFD2 protein levels and association with chromatin increase following ionizing radiation (IR) in an ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)- and DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK)-dependent manner. Furthermore, repair of IR-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) is delayed upon MTHFD2 knockdown, suggesting a role for MTHFD2 in DSB repair. In support of this, we observe impaired recruitment of replication protein A (RPA), reduced resection, decreased IR-induced DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51) levels and impaired homologous recombination (HR) activity in MTHFD2-depleted cells following IR. In conclusion, we identify a key role for MTHFD2 in HR repair and describe an interdependency between MTHFD2 and HR proficiency that could potentially be exploited for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Marttila
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Nadilly Bonagas
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Christina Chalkiadaki
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Hannah Stigsdotter
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Korbinian Schelzig
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jianyu Shen
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Crystal M Farhat
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Amber Hondema
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Julian Albers
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Elisée Wiita
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Azita Rasti
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Warpman Berglund
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Ana Slipicevic
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- One-carbon Therapeutics AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oliver Mortusewicz
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Weston Park Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, UK
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3
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Tao J, Xue C, Cao M, Ye J, Sun Y, Chen H, Guan Y, Zhang W, Zhang W, Yao Y. Protein disulfide isomerase family member 4 promotes triple-negative breast cancer tumorigenesis and radiotherapy resistance through JNK pathway. Breast Cancer Res 2024; 26:1. [PMID: 38167446 PMCID: PMC10759449 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01758-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite radiotherapy ability to significantly improve treatment outcomes and survival in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients, acquired resistance to radiotherapy poses a serious clinical challenge. Protein disulfide isomerase exists in endoplasmic reticulum and plays an important role in promoting protein folding and post-translational modification. However, little is known about the role of protein disulfide isomerase family member 4 (PDIA4) in TNBC, especially in the context of radiotherapy resistance. METHODS We detected the presence of PDIA4 in TNBC tissues and paracancerous tissues, then examined the proliferation and apoptosis of TNBC cells with/without radiotherapy. As part of the validation process, xenograft tumor mouse model was used. Mass spectrometry and western blot analysis were used to identify PDIA4-mediated molecular signaling pathway. RESULTS Based on paired clinical specimens of TNBC patients, we found that PDIA4 expression was significantly higher in tumor tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues. In vitro, PDIA4 knockdown not only increased apoptosis of tumor cells with/without radiotherapy, but also decreased the ability of proliferation. In contrast, overexpression of PDIA4 induced the opposite effects on apoptosis and proliferation. According to Co-IP/MS results, PDIA4 prevented Tax1 binding protein 1 (TAX1BP1) degradation by binding to TAX1BP1, which inhibited c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation. Moreover, PDIA4 knockdown suppressed tumor growth xenograft model in vivo, which was accompanied by an increase in apoptosis and promoted tumor growth inhibition after radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate that PDIA4 is an oncoprotein that promotes TNBC progression, and targeted therapy may represent a new and effective anti-tumor strategy, especially for patients with radiotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiu Tao
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Cailin Xue
- Division of Hepatobilliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Meng Cao
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jiahui Ye
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yulu Sun
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yinan Guan
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
| | - Weijie Zhang
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Yongzhong Yao
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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Taeb S, Rostamzadeh D, Mafi S, Mofatteh M, Zarrabi A, Hushmandi K, Safari A, Khodamoradi E, Najafi M. Update on Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Crucial Player in Cancer Immunotherapy. Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:98-113. [PMID: 36573062 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666221226143814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The idea of cancer immunotherapy has spread, and it has made tremendous progress with the advancement of new technology. Immunotherapy, which serves to assist the natural defenses of the body in eradicating cancerous cells, is a remarkable achievement that has revolutionized both cancer research and cancer treatments. Currently, the use of stem cells in immunotherapy is widespread and shares a special characteristic, including cancer cell migration, bioactive component release, and immunosuppressive activity. In the context of cancer, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are rapidly being identified as vital stromal regulators of tumor progression. MSCs therapy has been implicated in treating a wide range of diseases, including bone damage, autoimmune diseases, and particularly hematopoietic abnormalities, providing stem cell-based therapy with an extra dimension. Moreover, the implication of MSCs does not have ethical concerns, and the complications known in pluripotent and totipotent stem cells are less common in MSCs. MSCs have a lot of distinctive characteristics that, when coupled, make them excellent for cellular-based immunotherapy and as vehicles for gene and drug delivery in a variety of inflammations and malignancies. MSCs can migrate to the inflammatory site and exert immunomodulatory responses via cell-to-cell contacts with lymphocytes by generating soluble substances. In the current review, we discuss the most recent research on the immunological characteristics of MSCs, their use as immunomodulatory carriers, techniques for approving MSCs to adjust their immunological contour, and their usages as vehicles for delivering therapeutic as well as drugs and genes engineered to destroy tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Taeb
- Department of Radiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Davoud Rostamzadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Sahar Mafi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mofatteh
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
- Lincoln College, University of Oxford, Turl Street, Oxford OX1 3DR, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Safari
- Department of Radiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ehsan Khodamoradi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Medical Technology Research Center, Institute of Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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5
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Pham ND, Nguyen THN, Vu NBD, Tran TNM, Pham BN, Le HS, Vo KH, Le XC, Tran LBH, Nguyen MH. Comparison of the radioprotective effects of the liposomal forms of five natural radioprotectants in alleviating the adverse effects of ionising irradiation on human lymphocytes and skin cells in radiotherapy. J Microencapsul 2023; 40:613-629. [PMID: 37815151 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2023.2268705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the radioprotective effects of liposomes encapsulating curcumin (Lip-CUR), silibinin (Lip-SIL), α-tocopherol (Lip-TOC), quercetin (Lip-QUE) and resveratrol (Lip-RES) in alleviating the adverse effects of ionising irradiation on human lymphoctyes and skin cells in radiotherapy. Liposomes encapsulating the above natural radioprotectants (Lip-NRPs) were prepared by the film hydration method combined with sonication. Their radioprotective effects for the cells against X-irradiation was evaluated using trypan-blue assay and γ-H2AX assay. All prepared Lip-NRPs had a mean diameter less than 240 nm, polydispersity index less than 0.32, and zeta potential more than -23 mV. Among them, the radioprotective effect of Lip-RES was lowest, while that of Lip-QUE was highest. Lip-SIL also exhibited a high radioprotective effect despite its low DPPH-radical scavenging activity (12.9%). The radioprotective effects of Lip-NRPs do not solely depend on the free radical scavenging activity of NRPs but also on their ability to activate cellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc-Duy Pham
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Biomedical Materials, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Center of Radiation Technology and Biotechnology, Nuclear Research Institute, Da Lat, Vietnam
| | | | - Ngoc-Bich-Dao Vu
- Center of Radiation Technology and Biotechnology, Nuclear Research Institute, Da Lat, Vietnam
| | - Thi-Ngoc-Mai Tran
- Center of Radiation Technology and Biotechnology, Nuclear Research Institute, Da Lat, Vietnam
| | - Bao-Ngoc Pham
- Center of Radiation Technology and Biotechnology, Nuclear Research Institute, Da Lat, Vietnam
| | - Hoang-Sinh Le
- VN-UK Institute for Research and Executive Education, The University of Danang, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Kim-Hai Vo
- Department of Health of Lam-Dong Province, Da Lat, Vietnam
| | - Xuan-Cuong Le
- Center of Radiation Technology and Biotechnology, Nuclear Research Institute, Da Lat, Vietnam
| | - Le-Bao-Ha Tran
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Biomedical Materials, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Minh-Hiep Nguyen
- Center of Radiation Technology and Biotechnology, Nuclear Research Institute, Da Lat, Vietnam
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6
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Jenni R, Chikhaoui A, Nabouli I, Zaouak A, Khanchel F, Hammami-Ghorbel H, Yacoub-Youssef H. Differential Expression of ATM, NF-KB, PINK1 and Foxo3a in Radiation-Induced Basal Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087181. [PMID: 37108343 PMCID: PMC10138907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Research in normal tissue radiobiology is in continuous progress to assess cellular response following ionizing radiation exposure especially linked to carcinogenesis risk. This was observed among patients with a history of radiotherapy of the scalp for ringworm who developed basal cell carcinoma (BCC). However, the involved mechanisms remain largely undefined. We performed a gene expression analysis of tumor biopsies and blood of radiation-induced BCC and sporadic patients using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Differences across groups were assessed by statistical analysis. Bioinformatic analyses were conducted using miRNet. We showed a significant overexpression of the FOXO3a, ATM, P65, TNF-α and PINK1 genes among radiation-induced BCCs compared to BCCs in sporadic patients. ATM expression level was correlated with FOXO3a. Based on receiver-operating characteristic curves, the differentially expressed genes could significantly discriminate between the two groups. Nevertheless, TNF-α and PINK1 blood expression showed no statistical differences between BCC groups. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that the candidate genes may represent putative targets for microRNAs in the skin. Our findings may yield clues as to the molecular mechanism involved in radiation-induced BCC, suggesting that deregulation of ATM-NF-kB signaling and PINK1 gene expression may contribute to BCC radiation carcinogenesis and that the analyzed genes could represent candidate radiation biomarkers associated with radiation-induced BCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rim Jenni
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics (LR16IPT05), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis1002, Tunisia
| | - Asma Chikhaoui
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics (LR16IPT05), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis1002, Tunisia
| | - Imen Nabouli
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics (LR16IPT05), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis1002, Tunisia
| | - Anissa Zaouak
- Department of Dermatology, Habib Thameur Hospital (LR12SP03), Medicine Faculty, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1008, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Khanchel
- Anatomopathology Department, Habib Thameur Hospital (LR12SP03), Medicine Faculty, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1008, Tunisia
| | - Houda Hammami-Ghorbel
- Department of Dermatology, Habib Thameur Hospital (LR12SP03), Medicine Faculty, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1008, Tunisia
| | - Houda Yacoub-Youssef
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics (LR16IPT05), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis1002, Tunisia
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7
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King L, Bernaitis N, Christie D, Chess-Williams R, Sellers D, McDermott C, Dare W, Anoopkumar-Dukie S. Drivers of Radioresistance in Prostate Cancer. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11195637. [PMID: 36233505 PMCID: PMC9573022 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. Radiotherapy remains one of the first-line treatments in localised disease and may be used as monotherapy or in combination with other treatments such as androgen deprivation therapy or radical prostatectomy. Despite advancements in delivery methods and techniques, radiotherapy has been unable to totally overcome radioresistance resulting in treatment failure or recurrence of previously treated PCa. Various factors have been linked to the development of tumour radioresistance including abnormal tumour vasculature, oxygen depletion, glucose and energy deprivation, changes in gene expression and proteome alterations. Understanding the biological mechanisms behind radioresistance is essential in the development of therapies that are able to produce both initial and sustained response to radiotherapy. This review will investigate the different biological mechanisms utilised by PCa tumours to drive radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam King
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4215, Australia or
- Ramsay Pharmacy Group, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Nijole Bernaitis
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4215, Australia or
| | - David Christie
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4215, Australia or
- GenesisCare, Gold Coast, QLD 4224, Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4229, Australia
| | - Russ Chess-Williams
- Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4229, Australia
| | - Donna Sellers
- Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4229, Australia
| | - Catherine McDermott
- Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4229, Australia
| | - Wendy Dare
- Ramsay Pharmacy Group, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Shailendra Anoopkumar-Dukie
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4215, Australia or
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-(0)-7-5552-7725
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8
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Wickramasinghe JS, Udagama PV, Dissanayaka VHW, Weerasooriya AD, Goonasekera HWW. Plant based radioprotectors as an adjunct to radiotherapy: advantages and limitations. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2022; 42:021001. [PMID: 35130534 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ac5295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Radioprotectors are agents that have the potential to act against radiation damage to cells. These are equally invaluable in radiation protection, both in intentional and unintentional radiation exposure. It is however, complex to use a universal radioprotector that could be beneficial in diverse contexts such as in radiotherapy, nuclear accidents, and space travel, as each of these circumstances have unique requirements. In a clinical setting such as in radiotherapy, a radioprotector is used to increase the efficacy of cancer treatment. The protective agent must act against radiation damage selectively in normal healthy cells while enhancing the radiation damage imparted on cancer cells. In the context of radiotherapy, plant-based compounds offer a more reliable solution over synthetic ones as the former are less expensive, less toxic, possess synergistic phytochemical activity, and are environmentally friendly. Phytochemicals with both radioprotective and anticancer properties may enhance the treatment efficacy by two-fold. Hence, plant based radioprotective agents offer a promising field to progress forward, and to expand the boundaries of radiation protection. This review is an account on radioprotective properties of phytochemicals and complications encountered in the development of the ideal radioprotector to be used as an adjunct in radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jivendra S Wickramasinghe
- Department of Anatomy, Genetics and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Preethi V Udagama
- Department of Zoology and Environment Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Vajira H W Dissanayaka
- Department of Anatomy, Genetics and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Aruna D Weerasooriya
- Cooperative Agricultural Research Center, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX, United States of America
| | - Hemali W W Goonasekera
- Department of Anatomy, Genetics and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
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9
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Lutze J, Warrington SE, Kron SJ. TdT-dUTP DSB End Labeling (TUDEL), for Specific, Direct In Situ Labeling of DNA Double Strand Breaks. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2394:299-317. [PMID: 35094335 PMCID: PMC8820263 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1811-0_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The genome of a living cell is continuously damaged by various exogenous and endogenous factors yielding multiple types of DNA damage including base damage and damage to the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA. Double Strand Breaks (DSBs) are the most severe form of DNA damage and if left unchecked, may precipitate genomic rearrangements, cell death or contribute to malignancy. In clinical contexts, radiation is often used to induce DSBs as a form of genotoxic therapy. Despite the importance of DSBs and their repair, as yet there is no facile assay to detect DSBs in situ or to quantify their location or proximity to other cellular constituents. Such an assay would help to disentangle DDR signaling pathways and identify new molecular players involved in DSB repair. These efforts, in turn, may facilitate drug screening and accelerate the discovery of novel, more effective genotoxic agents. We have developed such an assay, presented here, and term it TdT-dUTP DSB End Labeling (TUDEL).TUDEL makes use of Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase (TdT), a template-independent DNA polymerase. TdT is commonly used in TUNEL assays to yield a binary output of DNA damage. We have adapted this approach, using TdT and EdUTP to label individual DNA double strand breaks in irradiated cells and detecting the incorporated EdU with fluorescent probes via Click chemistry. This tool complements and is compatible with existing, indirect methods to track DSBs such as immunofluorescent detection of γH2AX. TUDEL is also sufficiently specific, sensitive, quantitative, and robust to replace the neutral Comet assay for routine measurement of DSB formation and repair. Here we present a protocol for TUDEL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Lutze
- The Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sara E Warrington
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stephen J Kron
- The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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10
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Bertucci EM, Mason MW, Rhodes OE, Parrott BB. Exposure to ionizing radiation disrupts normal epigenetic aging in Japanese medaka. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:22752-22771. [PMID: 34644261 PMCID: PMC8544305 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alterations to the epigenome are a hallmark of biological aging and age-dependent patterning of the DNA methylome ("epigenetic aging") can be modeled to produce epigenetic age predictors. Rates of epigenetic aging vary amongst individuals and correlate to the onset of age-related disease and all-cause mortality. Yet, the origins of epigenetic-to-chronological age discordance are not empirically resolved. Here, we investigate the relationship between aging, DNA methylation, and environmental exposures in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). We find age-associated DNA methylation patterning enriched in genomic regions of low CpG density and that, similar to mammals, most age-related changes occur during early life. We construct an epigenetic clock capable of predicting chronological age with a mean error of 61.1 days (~8.4% of average lifespan). To test the role of environmental factors in driving epigenetic age variation, we exposed medaka to chronic, environmentally relevant doses of ionizing radiation. Because most organisms share an evolutionary history with ionizing radiation, we hypothesized that exposure would reveal fundamental insights into environment-by-epigenetic aging interactions. Radiation exposure disrupted epigenetic aging by accelerating and decelerating normal age-associated patterning and was most pronounced in cytosines that were moderately associated with age. These findings empirically demonstrate the role of DNA methylation in integrating environmental factors into aging trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Bertucci
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC 29802, USA
| | - Marilyn W. Mason
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC 29802, USA
| | - Olin E. Rhodes
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC 29802, USA
| | - Benjamin B. Parrott
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC 29802, USA
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11
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D'Auria Vieira de Godoy PR, Nakamura A, Khavari AP, Sangsuwan T, Haghdoost S. Effect of dose and dose rate of gamma irradiation on the formation of micronuclei in bone marrow cells isolated from whole-body-irradiated mice. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2021; 62:422-427. [PMID: 34296472 DOI: 10.1002/em.22453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
It is well-known that the cytotoxicity and mutagenic effects of high dose rate (HDR) ionizing radiation (IR) are increased by increasing the dose but less is known about the effects of chronic low dose rate (LDR). In vitro, we have shown that in addition to the immediate interaction of IR with DNA (the direct and indirect effects), low doses and chronic LDR exposure induce endogenous oxidative stress. During elevated oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS) react with DNA modifying its structure. Here, BL6 mice were exposed to IR at LDR and HDR and were then sacrificed 3 hours and 3 weeks after exposure to examine early and late effects of IR. The levels of micronuclei, MN, were determined in bone marrow cells. Our data indicate that the effects of 200 mGy on MN-induction are transient, but 500 and 1000 mGy (both HDR and LDR) lead to increased levels of MN up to 3 weeks after the exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayumi Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ali Pour Khavari
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Traimate Sangsuwan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Siamak Haghdoost
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- University of Caen Normandy, ARIA-CIMAP Laboratory, Campus Jules Horowitz, Caen, France
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12
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Chong ZX, Yeap SK, Ho WY. Role of miRNAs in regulating responses to radiotherapy in human breast cancer. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:289-301. [PMID: 33356761 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1864048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer that affects females globally. Radiotherapy is a standard treatment option for breast cancer, where one of its most significant limitations is radioresistance development. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-protein-coding RNAs that have been widely studied for their roles as disease biomarkers. To date, several in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies have reported the roles of miRNAs in regulating radiosensitivity and radioresistance in breast cancer cells. This article reviews the roles of miRNAs in regulating treatment response toward radiotherapy and the associating cellular pathways. We identified 36 miRNAs that play a role in mediating radio-responses; 22 were radiosensitizing, 12 were radioresistance-promoting, and two miRNAs were reported to promote both effects. A brief overview of breast cancer therapy options, mechanism of action of radiation, and molecular mechanism of radioresistance was provided in this article. A summary of the latest clinical researches involving miRNAs in breast cancer radiotherapy was also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Xiong Chong
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wan Yong Ho
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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13
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Wang J, Zhao H, Yu J, Xu X, Jing H, Li N, Tang Y, Wang S, Li Y, Cai J, Jin J. MiR-320b/RAD21 axis affects hepatocellular carcinoma radiosensitivity to ionizing radiation treatment through DNA damage repair signaling. Cancer Sci 2020; 112:575-588. [PMID: 33251678 PMCID: PMC7894001 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies in the world and is associated with high mortality. Ionizing radiation (IR)-based therapy causes DNA damage, exerting a curative effect; however, DNA damage repair signaling pathways lead to HCC resistance to IR-based therapy. RAD21 is a component of the cohesion complex, crucial for chromosome segregation and DNA damage repair, while it is still unclear whether RAD21 is implicated in DNA damage and influences IR sensitivity in HCC. The current research explores the effect and upstream regulatory mechanism of RAD21 on IR sensitivity in HCC. In the present study, RAD21 mRNA and protein expression were increased within HCC tissue samples, particularly within IR-insensitive HCC tissues. The overexpression of RAD21 partially attenuated the roles of IR in HCC by promoting the viability and suppressing the apoptosis of HCC cells. RAD21 overexpression reduced the culture medium 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine concentration and decreased the protein levels of γH2AX and ATM, suggesting that RAD21 overexpression attenuated IR treatment-induced DNA damage to HCC cells. miR-320b targeted RAD21 3'-UTR to inhibit RAD21 expression. In HCC tissues, particularly in IR-insensitive HCC tissues, miR-320b expression was significantly downregulated. miR-320b inhibition also attenuated IR treatment-induced DNA damage to HCC cells; more importantly, RAD21 silencing significantly attenuated the effects of miR-320b inhibition on IR treatment-induced DNA damage, suggesting that miR-320b plays a role through targeting RAD21. In conclusion, an miR-320b/RAD21 axis modulating HCC sensitivity to IR treatment through acting on IR-induced DNA damage was demonstrated. The miR-320b/RAD21 axis could be a novel therapeutic target for further study of HCC sensitivity to IR treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyang Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Jing
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shulian Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yexiong Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqiang Cai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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14
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Bertucci EM, Mason MW, Camus AC, Rhodes OE, Parrott BB. Chronic low dose irradiation alters hepatic transcriptional profiles, but not global DNA methylation in medaka (Oryzias latipes). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 729:138680. [PMID: 32361431 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) resulting from both natural and anthropogenic sources is ubiquitous throughout the environment. Historically, studies on the biological impacts of radiation primarily focused on responses to acute doses of radiation, with little advancement in our understanding of environmentally relevant exposures. Epigenetic mechanisms are capable of mediating organismal responses to environmental stressors and DNA methylation plays important roles in gene regulation and promoting chromosomal stability. Here, we assess broad-scale transcriptional and epigenetic variation resulting from chronic exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation (LDIR; 5.78, 53.76, or 520.23 mGy/day) using Japanese medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) in a replicated mesocosm design. We observed significant changes to the hepatic transcriptome induced by a 3-month chronic exposure to IR, whereas global DNA methylation appeared largely unaffected. Our findings reveal a set of genes, including those involved in immune function, responding to environmentally relevant IR exposures, which do not appear to be mediated by a systemic global shift in DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Bertucci
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, 140 E. Green St., Athens 30602, GA, USA; Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, P.O. Drawer E, Aiken 29802, SC, USA.
| | - Marilyn W Mason
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, P.O. Drawer E, Aiken 29802, SC, USA.
| | - Alvin C Camus
- College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Pathology, University of Georgia, 501 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens 30602, GA, USA.
| | - Olin E Rhodes
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, 140 E. Green St., Athens 30602, GA, USA; Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, P.O. Drawer E, Aiken 29802, SC, USA.
| | - Benjamin B Parrott
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, 140 E. Green St., Athens 30602, GA, USA; Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, P.O. Drawer E, Aiken 29802, SC, USA.
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15
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Godoy PRDV, Pour Khavari A, Rizzo M, Sakamoto-Hojo ET, Haghdoost S. Targeting NRF2, Regulator of Antioxidant System, to Sensitize Glioblastoma Neurosphere Cells to Radiation-Induced Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:2534643. [PMID: 32617133 PMCID: PMC7315280 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2534643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The presence of glioma stem cells (GSCs), which are enriched in neurospheres, may be connected to the radioresistance of glioblastoma (GBM) due to their enhanced antioxidant defense and elevated DNA repair capacity. The aim was to evaluate the responses to different radiation qualities and to reduce radioresistance of U87MG cells, a GBM cell line. U87MG cells were cultured in a 3D model and irradiated with low (24 mGy/h) and high (0.39 Gy/min) dose rates of low LET gamma and high LET carbon ions (1-2 Gy/min). Thereafter, expression of proteins related to oxidative stress response, extracellular 8-oxo-dG, and neurospheres were determined. LD50 for carbon ions was significantly lower compared to LD50 of high and low dose rate gamma radiation. A significantly higher level of 8-oxo-dG was detected in the media of cells exposed to a low dose rate as compared to a high dose rate of gamma or carbon ions. A downregulation of oxidative stress proteins was also observed (NRF2, hMTH1, and SOD1). The NRF2 gene was knocked down by CRISPR/Cas9 in neurosphere cells, resulting in less self-renewal, more differentiated cells, and less proliferation capacity after irradiation with low and high dose rate gamma rays. Overall, U87MG glioma neurospheres presented differential responses to distinct radiation qualities and NRF2 plays an important role in cellular sensitivity to radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo R. D. V. Godoy
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius Väg 20C, Zip Code: 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Zip Code: 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ali Pour Khavari
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius Väg 20C, Zip Code: 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marzia Rizzo
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius Väg 20C, Zip Code: 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elza T. Sakamoto-Hojo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Zip Code: 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Zip Code: 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Siamak Haghdoost
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius Väg 20C, Zip Code: 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- University of Caen Normandy, UMR6252 CIMAP/LARIA team, Zip Code: 14076 Caen, France
- Advanced Resource Center for HADrontherapy in Europe (ARCHADE), Zip Code: 14000 Caen, France
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16
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Pek E, Canbey Göret C, Hacıvelioğlu S, Adam G, Ünsal MA. The immunohistochemical and histologic effects of contrast medium on uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries, given during hysterosalpingography: rat study. J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc 2020; 21:243-254. [PMID: 32500677 PMCID: PMC7726468 DOI: 10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2020.2019.0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Previous studies have shown that damage occurs to internal genital tract during hysterosalpingography (HSG). The aim was to show that endometrial and tubal epithelium underwent free radical damage during HSG in an animal model. Material and Methods: Forty rats were evaluated in five different groups. Two groups received ionizing radiation (15-20 miliRad three times) only. Two further groups received ionizing radiation in combination with iohexol (1-2 mL). The remaining group served as control. Groups were evaluated after seven and forty-two days. Inflammation and cellular changes were evaluated histopathologically. Cellular activity of antioxidant enzymes was assessed immunohistochemically. Results: Inflammation, and cellular changes were detected at certain rates in all groups (p<0.001). Glutathione reductase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase activities were found to be increased after the HSG (p<0.001). Conclusion: It is obvious that the cell suffers acute and chronic damage during HSG due to both radioactivity and chemicals. Although there is a lot of research done before, there is no definitive method yet to protect against the harmful effects of iodinated contrast agents and ionizing radiation. So, new methods need to be explored to protect cells and tissues from reactive oxygen radical damage caused by HSG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eren Pek
- Clinic Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dinar State Hospital, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Ceren Canbey Göret
- Clinic of Surgical Pathology, Sancaktepe Şehit Prof. Dr. İlhan Varank Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Servet Hacıvelioğlu
- Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Health Practice and Research Hospital, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Gürhan Adam
- Clinic of Radiology, Memorial Şişli Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mesut Abdülkerim Ünsal
- Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Health Practice and Research Hospital, Çanakkale, Turkey
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17
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An Integrated Preprocessing Approach for Exploring Single-Cell Gene Expression in Rare Cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19758. [PMID: 31875032 PMCID: PMC6930255 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55831-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Exploring the variability in gene expressions of rare cells at the single-cell level is critical for understanding mechanisms of differentiation in tissue function and development as well as for disease diagnostics and cancer treatment. Such studies, however, have been hindered by major difficulties in tracking the identity of individual cells. We present an approach that combines single-cell picking, lysing, reverse transcription and digital polymerase chain reaction to enable the isolation, tracking and gene expression analysis of rare cells. The approach utilizes a photocleavage bead-based microfluidic device to synthesize and deliver stable cDNA for downstream gene expression analysis, thereby allowing chip-based integration of multiple reactions and facilitating the minimization of sample loss or contamination. The utility of the approach was demonstrated with QuantStudio digital PCR by analyzing the radiation and bystander effect on individual IMR90 human lung fibroblasts. Expression levels of the Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1a (CDKN1A), Growth/differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), and Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) genes, previously shown to have different responses to direct and bystander irradiation, were measured across individual control, microbeam-irradiated or bystander IMR90 cells. In addition to the confirmation of accurate tracking of cell treatments through the system and efficient analysis of single-cell responses, the results enable comparison of activation levels of different genes and provide insight into signaling pathways within individual cells.
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18
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Long L, Zhang X, Bai J, Li Y, Wang X, Zhou Y. Tissue-specific and exosomal miRNAs in lung cancer radiotherapy: from regulatory mechanisms to clinical implications. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:4413-4424. [PMID: 31191004 PMCID: PMC6525830 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s198966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most prevalent and deadly malignancy. Radiotherapy is a major treatment modality for lung cancer. Nevertheless, radioresistance poses a daunting challenge that largely limits the efficacy of radiotherapy. There is a pressing need for deciphering molecular mechanisms underlying radioresistance and elucidating novel therapeutic targets for individualized radiotherapy. MicroRNAs are categorized as small noncoding RNAs that modulate target-gene expression posttranscriptionally and are implicated in carcinogenesis and cancer resistance to treatment. Overwhelming evidence has unraveled that tissue-specific miRNAs are essential for regulation of the radiosensitivity in lung cancer cells through a complex interaction with multiple biological processes and radiation-induced pathways. Moreover, exosome-derived miRNAs are a novel horizon in lung cancer treatment in which exosomal miRNAs act as potential diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers of radiotherapy. In the present review, we discuss the mediation of key biological processes and signaling pathways by tissue-specific miRNAs in lung cancer radiotherapy. Additionally, we provide new insight into the potential significance of exosomal miRNAs in radiation response. Lastly, we highlight miRNAs as promising predictors and therapeutic targets to tailor personalized lung cancer radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Long
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Bai
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors and Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yizhou Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Department of Urology, Research Lab/LIFE-Zentrum, University of Munich (LMU), München, Germany
| | - Yunfeng Zhou
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
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19
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Ebrahimi S, Hashemy SI. MicroRNA-mediated redox regulation modulates therapy resistance in cancer cells: clinical perspectives. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2019; 42:131-141. [PMID: 30645730 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-018-00421-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy and radiation therapy are the most common types of cancer therapy. The development of chemo/radio-resistance remains, however, a major obstacle. Altered redox balances are among of the main factors mediating therapy resistance. Therefore, redox regulatory strategies are urgently needed to overcome this problem. Recently, microRNAs have been found to act as major redox regulatory factors affecting chemo/radio-resistance. MicroRNAs play critical roles in regulating therapeutic resistance through the regulation of antioxidant enzymes, redox-sensitive signaling pathways, cancer stem cells, DNA repair mechanisms and autophagy. CONCLUSIONS Here, we summarize current knowledge on microRNA-mediated redox regulatory mechanisms underlying chemo/radio-resistance. This knowledge may form a basis for a better clinical management of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Isaac Hashemy
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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20
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Abstract
Tracer methodology using radioisotopes in human nutrition and metabolism research has been very productive but its use has been the object of unjustified limitations because of modeling decisions without adequate consideration of new data. These limitations have encumbered research studies in the metabolism of micro- and macronutrients particularly where nutritional deficiencies are prevalent. Even though stable isotope methodologies in human research are very useful in specific applications they are expensive and are often fraught with serious pitfalls, when compared to studies for the same purposes using radioisotopes. We have been developing safe radioisotopic methods to study the absorption and metabolism of micronutrients, especially iron and zinc, that can be applied to populations in the developing world. These and other applications of radioisotopes should allow scientists to conduct research diminishing the dependence on stable isotopes and on facilities and laboratories existing only in selected sites in the industrial world, and thus should enhance productive local and collaborative research. All radioisotopic research must be subjected to strict safety criteria, based on scientific evidence of risk, but should not be hampered by exaggerated fears of unfounded risk. Examples on the use of radio and stable isotopes to study iron and zinc absorptions are given including the radiation exposure and risk calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando E. Viteri
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology at the University of California at Berkeley, in Berkeley, Calif., USA
| | - Rod Warren
- Office of Radiation Safety at the University of California at Berkeley
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21
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Tomasik B, Chałubińska-Fendler J, Chowdhury D, Fendler W. Potential of serum microRNAs as biomarkers of radiation injury and tools for individualization of radiotherapy. Transl Res 2018; 201:71-83. [PMID: 30021695 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Due to tremendous technological advances, radiation oncologists are now capable of personalized treatment plans and deliver the dose in a highly precise manner. However, a crucial challenge is how to escalate radiation doses to cancer cells while reducing damage to surrounding healthy tissues. This determines the probability of achieving therapeutic success whilst safeguarding patients from complications. The current dose constraints rely on observational data. Therefore, incidental toxicity observed in a minority of patients limits the admissible dose thresholds for the whole population, theoretically narrowing down the curative potential of radiotherapy. Future tools for measurements of individual's radiosensitivity before and during treatment would allow proper treatment personalization. Variation in tissue tolerance is at least partially genetically-determined and recent progress in the field of molecular biology raises the possibility that novel assays will allow to predict the response to ionizing radiation. Recently, microRNAs have garnered interest as stable biomarkers of tumor radiation response and normal-tissue toxicity. Preclinical studies in mice and nonhuman primates have shown that serum circulating microRNAs can be used to accurately distinguish pre- and postirradiation states and predict the biological impact of high-dose irradiation. First reports from human studies are also encouraging, however biology-driven precision radiation oncology, which tailors treatment to individual patient's needs, still remains to be translated into clinical studies. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about the potential of serum microRNAs as biodosimeters and biomarkers for radiation injury to lung and hematopoietic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Tomasik
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland; Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Dipanjan Chowdhury
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Wojciech Fendler
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland; Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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22
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Park SW, Kim JS, Kim JY, Lee KH. Additional 4-week capecitabine during the resting periods after 6-week neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer: long-term oncologic outcomes. Ann Surg Treat Res 2018; 94:306-311. [PMID: 29854708 PMCID: PMC5976571 DOI: 10.4174/astr.2018.94.6.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcome of additional 4-week chemotherapy with capecitabine during the resting periods following a 6-week neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) regimen, in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. Methods Radiotherapy was delivered to the whole pelvis at a total dose of 50.4 Gy for 6 weeks. Oral capecitabine was administered at a dose of 825 mg/m2 twice daily for 10 weeks. Surgery was performed 2–4 weeks following the completion of chemotherapy. Results Between January 2010 and September 2011, 41 patients completed the scheduled neoadjuvant therapy and surgery. The pathologic complete response rate, 5-year overall survival, and 5-year disease-free survival rates were 22%, 85.4%, and 78.0%, respectively. The 5-year systemic recurrence and 5-year local recurrence rates were 22% and 0%, respectively. Conclusion Additional 4-week chemotherapy with capecitabine, during the resting periods following a 6-week NCRT regimen, has favorable long-term oncologic outcomes. Further randomized controlled trials are however necessary to evaluate if substantial improvement in local control is achieved with this additional chemotherapy modality for locally advanced rectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Woo Park
- Department of Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jin Soo Kim
- Department of Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Kim
- Department of Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kyung Ha Lee
- Department of Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
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Fang C, Dai CY, Mei Z, Jiang MJ, Gu DN, Huang Q, Tian L. microRNA-193a stimulates pancreatic cancer cell repopulation and metastasis through modulating TGF-β2/TGF-βRIII signalings. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:25. [PMID: 29433538 PMCID: PMC5809917 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0697-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer characterizes high recurrence and poor prognosis. In clinical practice, radiotherapy is widely used for pancreatic cancer treatment. However, the outcome remains undesirable due to tumor repopulation and following recurrence and metastasis after radiation. So, it is highly needed to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms and accordingly develop therapeutic strategies. Our previous studies revealed that dying cells from chemoradiation could stimulate repopulation of surviving pancreatic cancer cells. However, we still knew little how dying cells provoke pancreatic cancer cell repopulation. We herein would explore the significance of TGF-β2 changes and investigate the modulation of microRNA-193a (miR-193a), and identify their contributions to pancreatic cancer repopulation and metastasis. METHODS In vitro and in vivo repopulation models were established to mimic the biological processes of pancreatic cancer after radiation. Western blot, real-time PCR and dual-luciferase reporter assays were accordingly used to detect miR-193a and TGF-β2/TGF-βRIII signalings at the level of molecular, cellular and experimental animal model, respectively. Flow cytometry analysis, wound healing and transwell assay, vascular endothelial cell penetration experiment, and bioluminescence imaging were employed to assessthe biological behaviors of pancreatic cancer after different treatments. Patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) mice models were established to evaluate the therapeutic potential of miR-193a antagonist on pancreatic cancer repopulation and metastasis after radiation. RESULTS miR-193a was highly expressed in the irradiated pancreatic cancer dying cells, accordingly elevated the level of miR-193a in surviving cells, and further promoted pancreatic cancer repopulation and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. miR-193a accelerated pancreatic cancer cell cycle and stimulated cell proliferation and repopulation through inhibiting TGF-β2/TGF-βRIII/SMADs/E2F6/c-Myc signaling, and even destroyed normal intercellular junctions and promoted metastasis via repressing TGF-β2/TGF-βRIII/ARHGEF15/ABL2 pathway. Knockdown of miR-193a or restoration of TGF-β2/TGF-βRIII signaling in pancreatic cancer cells was found to block pancreatic cancer repopulation and metastasis after radiation. In PDX models, the treatment in combination with miR-193a antagonist and radiation was found to dramatically inhibit pancreatic cancer cell repopulation and metastasis, and further improved the survival after radiation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated that miR-193a stimulated pancreatic cancer cell repopulation and metastasis through modulating TGF-β2/TGF-βRIII signalings, and miR-193a might be a potential therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer repopulation and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Fang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Science bldg. Rm 205, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, New Songjiang Rd No.650, Songjiang District, Shanghai, 201620, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen-Yun Dai
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Science bldg. Rm 205, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, New Songjiang Rd No.650, Songjiang District, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zhu Mei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Jie Jiang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Science bldg. Rm 205, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, New Songjiang Rd No.650, Songjiang District, Shanghai, 201620, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dian-Na Gu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Science bldg. Rm 205, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, New Songjiang Rd No.650, Songjiang District, Shanghai, 201620, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Tian
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Science bldg. Rm 205, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, New Songjiang Rd No.650, Songjiang District, Shanghai, 201620, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Bahreyni-Toossi MT, Vosoughi H, Azimian H, Rezaei AR, Momennezhad M. In vivo Exposure Effects of 99mTc-methoxyisobutylisonitrile on the FDXR and XPA Genes Expression in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes. ASIA OCEANIA JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2018; 6:32-40. [PMID: 29333465 PMCID: PMC5765331 DOI: 10.22038/aojnmb.2017.9678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective(s): In recent years, the application of radiopharmaceuticals in nuclear medicine has increased substantially. Following the diagnostic procedures performed in nuclear medicine departments, such as myocardial perfusion imaging, patients generally receive considerable doses of radiation. Normally, radiation-induced DNA damages are expected following exposure to a low-dose ionizing radiation. In order to detect molecular changes, high-sensitivity techniques must be utilized. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a low-dose (below 10 mSv) gamma ray on gene expression using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Methods: Blood samples were obtained from 20 volunteer patients who underwent myocardial perfusion imaging. They were given various doses of Technetium-99m methoxyisobutylisonitrile (99mTc-MIBI). After that, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNs) were derived, and then total RNA was extracted and reverse-transcribed to cDNA. Finally, the expression levels of xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group-A (XPA) and ferredoxin reductase (FDXR) genes were determinded through qRT-PCR technique using SYBR Green. Results: XPA and FDXR expression levels were obtained following a very low-dose ionizing radiation. A significant up-regulation of both genes was observed, and the gene expression level of each individual patient was different. If differences in the administered activity and radiosensitivity are taken into account, the observed differences could be justified. Furthermore, gender and age did not play a significant role in the expression levels of the genes under study. Conclusion: The up-regulation of FDXR after irradiation revealed the high-sensitivity level of this gene; therefore, it could be used as an appropriate biomarker for biological dosimetry. On the other hand, the up-regulation of XPA is an indication of DNA repair following radiation exposure. According to linear no-threshold model (LNT) and the results obtained from this study, a very low dose of ionizing radiation could bring about adverse biological effects at molecular level in the irradiated person.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Habibeh Vosoughi
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hosein Azimian
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abdul Rahim Rezaei
- Immunology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehdi Momennezhad
- Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Ni J, Bucci J, Chang L, Malouf D, Graham P, Li Y. Targeting MicroRNAs in Prostate Cancer Radiotherapy. Theranostics 2017; 7:3243-3259. [PMID: 28900507 PMCID: PMC5595129 DOI: 10.7150/thno.19934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the most important treatment options for localized early-stage or advanced-stage prostate cancer (CaP). Radioresistance (relapse after radiotherapy) is a major challenge for the current radiotherapy. There is great interest in investigating mechanisms of radioresistance and developing novel treatment strategies to overcome radioresistance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, participating in numerous physiological and pathological processes including cancer invasion, progression, metastasis and therapeutic resistance. Emerging evidence indicates that miRNAs play a critical role in the modulation of key cellular pathways that mediate response to radiation, influencing the radiosensitivity of the cancer cells through interplaying with other biological processes such as cell cycle checkpoints, apoptosis, autophagy, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cells. Here, we summarize several important miRNAs in CaP radiation response and then discuss the regulation of the major signalling pathways and biological processes by miRNAs in CaP radiotherapy. Finally, we emphasize on microRNAs as potential predictive biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets to improve CaP radiosensitivity.
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Natural Cubic Spline Regression Modeling Followed by Dynamic Network Reconstruction for the Identification of Radiation-Sensitivity Gene Association Networks from Time-Course Transcriptome Data. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160791. [PMID: 27505168 PMCID: PMC4978405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression time-course experiments allow to study the dynamics of transcriptomic changes in cells exposed to different stimuli. However, most approaches for the reconstruction of gene association networks (GANs) do not propose prior-selection approaches tailored to time-course transcriptome data. Here, we present a workflow for the identification of GANs from time-course data using prior selection of genes differentially expressed over time identified by natural cubic spline regression modeling (NCSRM). The workflow comprises three major steps: 1) the identification of differentially expressed genes from time-course expression data by employing NCSRM, 2) the use of regularized dynamic partial correlation as implemented in GeneNet to infer GANs from differentially expressed genes and 3) the identification and functional characterization of the key nodes in the reconstructed networks. The approach was applied on a time-resolved transcriptome data set of radiation-perturbed cell culture models of non-tumor cells with normal and increased radiation sensitivity. NCSRM detected significantly more genes than another commonly used method for time-course transcriptome analysis (BETR). While most genes detected with BETR were also detected with NCSRM the false-detection rate of NCSRM was low (3%). The GANs reconstructed from genes detected with NCSRM showed a better overlap with the interactome network Reactome compared to GANs derived from BETR detected genes. After exposure to 1 Gy the normal sensitive cells showed only sparse response compared to cells with increased sensitivity, which exhibited a strong response mainly of genes related to the senescence pathway. After exposure to 10 Gy the response of the normal sensitive cells was mainly associated with senescence and that of cells with increased sensitivity with apoptosis. We discuss these results in a clinical context and underline the impact of senescence-associated pathways in acute radiation response of normal cells. The workflow of this novel approach is implemented in the open-source Bioconductor R-package splineTimeR.
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27
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Mueller AK, Lindner K, Hummel R, Haier J, Watson DI, Hussey DJ. MicroRNAs and Their Impact on Radiotherapy for Cancer. Radiat Res 2016; 185:668-77. [PMID: 27223830 DOI: 10.1667/rr14370.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to radiation is considered to be an important reason for local failure after radiotherapy and tumor recurrence. However, the exact mechanisms of tumor resistance remain poorly understood. Current investigations of microRNAs as potential diagnostic and therapeutic tools for cancer treatment have shown promising results. With respect to radiotherapy resistance and response, there is now emerging evidence that microRNAs modulate key cellular pathways that mediate response to radiation. These data suggest that microRNAs might have significant potential as targets for the development of new therapeutic strategies to overcome radioresistance in cancer. This review summarizes the current literature pertinent to the influence of microRNAs in the response to radiotherapy for cancer treatment, with an emphasis on microRNAs as novel diagnostic and prognostic markers, as well as their potential to alter radiosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Richard Hummel
- a University Hospital of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Jörg Haier
- b Comprehensive Cancer Centre Muenster, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; and
| | - David I Watson
- c Flinders Medical Centre, Bedfork Park SA 5042, Australia
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Zhao Z, Johnson MS, Chen B, Grace M, Ukath J, Lee VS, McRobb LS, Sedger LM, Stoodley MA. Live-cell imaging to detect phosphatidylserine externalization in brain endothelial cells exposed to ionizing radiation: implications for the treatment of brain arteriovenous malformations. J Neurosurg 2015; 124:1780-7. [PMID: 26430846 DOI: 10.3171/2015.4.jns142129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is an established intervention for brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). The processes of AVM vessel occlusion after SRS are poorly understood. To improve SRS efficacy, it is important to understand the cellular response of blood vessels to radiation. The molecular changes on the surface of AVM endothelial cells after irradiation may also be used for vascular targeting. This study investigates radiation-induced externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS) on endothelial cells using live-cell imaging. METHODS An immortalized cell line generated from mouse brain endothelium, bEnd.3 cells, was cultured and irradiated at different radiation doses using a linear accelerator. PS externalization in the cells was subsequently visualized using polarity-sensitive indicator of viability and apoptosis (pSIVA)-IANBD, a polarity-sensitive probe. Live-cell imaging was used to monitor PS externalization in real time. The effects of radiation on the cell cycle of bEnd.3 cells were also examined by flow cytometry. RESULTS Ionizing radiation effects are dose dependent. Reduction in the cell proliferation rate was observed after exposure to 5 Gy radiation, whereas higher radiation doses (15 Gy and 25 Gy) totally inhibited proliferation. In comparison with cells treated with sham radiation, the irradiated cells showed distinct pseudopodial elongation with little or no spreading of the cell body. The percentages of pSIVA-positive cells were significantly higher (p = 0.04) 24 hours after treatment in the cultures that received 25- and 15-Gy doses of radiation. This effect was sustained until the end of the experiment (3 days). Radiation at 5 Gy did not induce significant PS externalization compared with the sham-radiation controls at any time points (p > 0.15). Flow cytometric analysis data indicate that irradiation induced growth arrest of bEnd.3 cells, with cells accumulating in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. CONCLUSIONS Ionizing radiation causes remarkable cellular changes in endothelial cells. Significant PS externalization is induced by radiation at doses of 15 Gy or higher, concomitant with a block in the cell cycle. Radiation-induced markers/targets may have high discriminating power to be harnessed in vascular targeting for AVM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjun Zhao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University
| | | | - Biyi Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University
| | - Michael Grace
- Genesis Cancer Care, Macquarie University Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jaysree Ukath
- Genesis Cancer Care, Macquarie University Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vivienne S Lee
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University
| | - Lucinda S McRobb
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University
| | - Lisa M Sedger
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University
| | - Marcus A Stoodley
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University
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Marta GN, Garicochea B, Carvalho AL, Real JM, Kowalski LP. MicroRNAs, cancer and ionizing radiation: Where are we? Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2015; 61:275-81. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.61.03.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Summary The aim of this study is to describe the biogenesis of microRNA, its relations with carcinogenesis, and the correlation between microRNA and ionizing radiation (IR), focusing on radioresponsiveness. It is known that microRNA biogenesis is well established and involves different enzymatic cleavages, resulting in the production of mature microRNA. MicroRNAs are involved in carcinogenesis. Their interaction is related to the genetic and epigenetic changes associated with activation of proto-oncogenes or inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. Several studies have shown that the levels of expression of some microRNAs vary significantly after irradiation. There are evidences that microRNAs can influence cellular response after IR. In addition, microRNAs are related to modulation of the expression of several post-transcriptional targets in DNA damage response pathways, and to the DNA damage repair regulation mechanism. Future studies can clarify a possible clinical use of microRNAs as a new class of radiosensitive agents.
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Ghavami L, Goliaei B, Taghizadeh B, Nikoofar A. Effects of barley β-glucan on radiation damage in the human hepatoma cell line HepG2. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2014; 775-776:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Luo TY, Cheng PC, Chiang PF, Chuang TW, Yeh CH, Lin WJ. 188Re-HYNIC-trastuzumab enhances the effect of apoptosis induced by trastuzumab in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells. Ann Nucl Med 2014; 29:52-62. [PMID: 25238789 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-014-0908-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The development of radioimmunotherapy has provided an impressive alternative approach in improving trastuzumab therapy. However, the mechanisms of trastuzumab and radiation treatment combined to increase therapeutic efficacy are poorly understood. Here, we try to examine the efficacy of cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction for (188)Re-HYNIC-trastuzumab in cancer cell lines with various levels of Her2. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fluorescence flow cytometry was used to detect the alterations of apoptosis induction after (188)Re-HYNIC-trastuzumab treatment in two breast cancer cell lines with different levels of HER2 (BT-474 and MCF-7) and a colorectal carcinoma cell line (HT-29) for control. RESULTS Our results indicated that (188)Re-HYNIC-trastuzumab led to cell death of breast cancer cells specifically in HER2 level-dependent and radioactivity dose-dependent fashions. In BT-474 cells, 370 kBq/ml of (188)Re-HYNIC-trastuzumab enhanced the cytotoxicity to a level nearly 100-fold that of trastuzumab-alone treatment. The results also revealed that the mitochondria-dependent pathway attenuated irradiation-induced apoptosis in HER2-expressing breast cancer cells after (188)Re-HYNIC-trastuzumab treatment. In contrast, only after 48 h of (188)Re-HYNIC-trastuzumab treatment, BT-474 cells exhibited typical apoptotic changes, including exposure of phospholipid phosphatidylserine on the cell surface, or fragmented DNA formation, in a radioactivity dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION Briefly, our study demonstrates that (188)Re-labeled HYNIC-trastuzumab not only enhances cell death in a radioactivity dose-dependent fashion, but may also prolong the effects of apoptosis involved with the mitochondria-dependent pathway in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells. It is possible that the (188)Re-HYNIC-trastuzumab treatment induced a second round of apoptosis to prolong the effects of cell kill in these cancer cells. These data revealed that (188)Re-HYNIC-trastuzumab has the potential for use as a therapeutic radiopharmaceutical agent in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cell treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Yueh Luo
- Isotope Application Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, P.O. BOX 3-27, No. 1000, Wenhua Rd., Jiaan Village, Longtan Township, Taoyuan, 32546, Taiwan,
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Cheng PC, Huang CC, Chiang PF, Lin CN, Li LL, Lee TW, Lin B, Chen IC, Chang KW, Fan CK, Luo TY. Radioprotective effects ofAntrodia cinnamomeaare enhanced on immune cells and inhibited on cancer cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2014; 90:841-52. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2014.911989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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He J, Hua J, Ding N, Xu S, Sun R, Zhou G, Xie X, Wang J. Modulation of microRNAs by ionizing radiation in human gastric cancer. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:787-93. [PMID: 24919435 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers in China. Although surgery is the primary therapeutic method, radiotherapy has become an integral part, particularly in the early and intermediate stages of gastric cancer. microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the regulation of diverse cellular processes in response to intrinsic and extrinsic stress. A change in miRNA expression profile has been identified in various types of tumor cells in response to radiation; however, there is no relevant information concerning gastric cancer. In the present study, we investigated the miRNA profiles of two clinical gastric cancer samples exposed to X‑rays using miRNA microarray. We found that 16 miRNAs were downregulated and 2 miRNAs were upregulated significantly in both irradiated samples when compared with the unirradiated samples. Decreases in the levels of miR‑300 and miR‑642 expression were confirmed by qRT‑PCR in more clinical samples and in cultured cell lines. We predicted the targets of the two miRNAs with TargetScan and classified all the candidate targets with Gene Ontology, which indicated that both miR‑300 and miR‑642 potentially regulate cellular radiation response by modulating apoptosis, cell cycle regulation and DNA damage and repair pathway-related genes. Cell cycle assay and immunofluorescence assay demonstrated that miR‑300 regulates radiation‑induced G2 cell cycle arrest and DNA damage repair. In conclusion, our findings indicate that ionizing radiation modulates the miRNA expression profile, and the changes in several specific miRNAs such as miR‑300 have the potential to be used in the treatment, diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng He
- Department of Space Radiobiology, Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 73000, P.R. China
| | - Junrui Hua
- Department of Space Radiobiology, Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 73000, P.R. China
| | - Nan Ding
- Department of Space Radiobiology, Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 73000, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Xu
- Department of Space Radiobiology, Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 73000, P.R. China
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Lanzhou, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Guangming Zhou
- Department of Space Radiobiology, Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 73000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Jufang Wang
- Department of Space Radiobiology, Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 73000, P.R. China
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Cellini F, Morganti AG, Genovesi D, Silvestris N, Valentini V. Role of microRNA in response to ionizing radiations: evidences and potential impact on clinical practice for radiotherapy. Molecules 2014; 19:5379-401. [PMID: 24879584 PMCID: PMC6271831 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19045379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small, non-coding, RNAs with gene expression regulator roles. As an important class of regulators of many cellular pathways, miRNAs are involved in many signaling pathways and DNA damage repair processes, affecting cellular radiosensitivity. Their role has led to interest in oncological implications to improve treatment results. MiRNAs represent a great opportunity to enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy treatments-they can be used to profile the radioresistance of tumors before radiotherapy, monitor their response throughout the treatment, thus helping to select intensification strategies, and also to define the final response to therapy along with risks of recurrence or metastatization. Even though many interesting studies support such potential, nowadays most studies on patient data are limited to experiments profiling tumor aggressiveness and response to radiotherapy. Moreover many studies report different although not conflicting results on the miRNAs evaluated for each tumor type. Without doubt, the clinical potential of such molecules for radiotherapy is striking and of high interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cellini
- Radiation Oncology Department, Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico; Via Álvaro del Portillo 200, 00144 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessio G Morganti
- Radiotherapy Department, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Fondazione di Ricerca e Cura "Giovanni Paolo II", Largo Agostino Gemelli 1, 86100 Campobasso, Italy.
| | - Domenico Genovesi
- Radiation Oncology Department, Università "G. D'Annunzio"; Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Medical Oncology Unit - Cancer Institute "Giovanni Paolo II"; Viale Orazio Flacco, 65, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Valentini
- Radiation Oncology Department, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; L.go Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Roma, Italy.
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Seo H, Kim W, Lee J, Youn B. Network-based approaches for anticancer therapy (Review). Int J Oncol 2013; 43:1737-44. [PMID: 24085339 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease resulting from alterations of multiple signaling networks. Cancer networks have been identified as scale-free networks and may contain a functionally important key player called a hub that is linked to a large number of interactors. Since a hub can serve as a biological marker in a given network, targeting the hub could be an effective strategy for enhancing the efficacy of cancer treatment. Chemotherapies and radiotherapies are generally used to treat tumors not amenable to resection, and target single or multiple molecules associated with hubs. However, these therapies may unexpectedly induce the resistance of cancer cells to drugs and radiation. Cancer cells can overcome therapy-induced damage via the activation of back-up signaling pathways and flexible modulation of affected networks. These activities are considered to be the main reasons for chemoresistance and radioresistance, and subsequent failure of cancer therapies. Much effort is required to identify the key molecules that control the modulation of signaling networks in response to drugs and radiation. Network-based therapy that affects network flexibility, including rewired network structures and hub molecules in these networks, could minimize the occurrence of side-effects and be a promising strategy for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of cancer treatments. This review is intended to offer an overview of current research efforts including ones focused on cancer-associated complex networks, their modulation in response to cancer therapy, and further strategies targeting networks that may improve cancer treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjeong Seo
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
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36
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Zhou S, Ye W, Shao Q, Zhang M, Liang J. Nrf2 is a potential therapeutic target in radioresistance in human cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2013; 88:706-15. [PMID: 24126138 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Revised: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy can effectively kill cancer cells through ROS generation. Cancer cells with upregulated antioxidant systems can develop high radioresistance ability, and the transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key regulator of the antioxidant system. Currently, there are numerous data indicating the important role of Nrf2 in cancer radioresistance. In this review, we summarize the aberrant regulation of Nrf2 in radioresistant cells and discuss the effects and underlying mechanism of Nrf2 in promoting radioresistance. These findings suggest that Nrf2 might be a potential therapeutic target in cancer radiation resistance or a promising radioprotector for normal organs during radiation therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suna Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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37
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MicroRNAs in the ionizing radiation response and in radiotherapy. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2013; 23:12-9. [PMID: 23453900 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a form of cancer treatment that utilizes the ability of ionizing radiation to induce cell inactivation and cell death, generally via inflicting DNA double-strand breaks. However, different tumors and their normal surrounding tissues are not equally sensitive to radiation, posing a major challenge in the field: to seek out factors that influence radiosensitivity. In this review, we summarize the evidence for microRNA (miRNA) involvement in the radioresponse and discuss their potential as radiosensitizers. MicroRNAs are endogenous small, noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally, influencing many processes including, as highlighted here, cellular sensitivity to radiation. Profiling studies demonstrate that miRNA expression levels change in response to radiation, while certain miRNAs, when overexpressed or knocked down, alter radiosensitivity. Finally, we discuss specific miRNA-target pairs that affect response to radiation and DNA damage as good potential targets for modulating radioresponsitivity.
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2-Deoxy-d-glucose and ferulic acid modulates radiation response signaling in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Tumour Biol 2012; 34:251-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-012-0545-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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39
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LIU HENGCHAO, TAO XINQUAN, MA FANG, QIU JUN, WU CUIPING, WANG MINGMING. Radiosensitizing effects of arsenic trioxide on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells exposed to 89strontium chloride. Oncol Rep 2012; 28:1894-902. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.1979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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40
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Chetty C, Dontula R, Gujrati M, Dinh DH, Lakka SS. Blockade of SOX4 mediated DNA repair by SPARC enhances radioresponse in medulloblastoma. Cancer Lett 2012; 323:188-98. [PMID: 22542805 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 04/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
SPARC is a matricellular glycoprotein and a putative radioresistance-reversal-gene. We therefore explored the possibility of SPARC expression on medulloblastoma radiosensitivity in vitro and in vivo. The combined treatment of the SPARC and irradiation resulted in increased cell death when compared to cells treated with irradiation alone in vitro and in vivo. SPARC expression prior to irradiation suppressed checkpoints-1,-2 and p53 phosphorylation and DNA repair gene XRCC1. We also demonstrate that SPARC expression suppressed irradiation induced SOX-4 mediated DNA repair. These results provide evidence of the anti-tumor effect of combining SPARC with irradiation as a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of medulloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandramu Chetty
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, 1 Illini Drive, Peoria, IL 61605, USA
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Wu J, Lai G, Wan F, Xiao Z, Zeng L, Wang X, Ye F, Lei T. Knockdown of checkpoint kinase 1 is associated with the increased radiosensitivity of glioblastoma stem-like cells. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2012; 226:267-74. [PMID: 22481303 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.226.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is an aggressive brain tumor with a poor prognosis. The glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) represent a rare fraction of human glioblastoma cells with the capacity for multi-lineage differentiation, self-renewal and exact recapitulation of the original tumor. Interestingly, GSCs are more radioresistant compared with other tumor cells. In addition, the remarkable radioresistance of GSCs has been known to promote radiotherapy failure and therefore is associated with a significantly higher risk of a local tumor recurrence. Moreover, the hyperactive cell cycle checkpoint kinase (Chk) 1 and 2 play a pivotal role in the DNA damage response including radiation and chemical therapy. Based on aforementioned, we hypothesized that knockdown of Chk1 or Chk2 might confer radiosensitivity on GSCs and thereby increases the efficiency of radiotherapy. In this study, we knocked down the expression of Chk1 or Chk2 in human GSCs using lentivirus-delivered short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to examine its effect on the radiosensitivity. After radiation, the apoptosis rate and the cell cycle of GSCs were measured with Flow Cytometry. Compared with control GSCs (apoptosis, 7.82 ± 0.38%; G2/M arrest, 60.20 ± 1.28%), Chk1 knockdown in GSCs increased the apoptosis rate (37.87 ± 0.32%) and decreased the degree of the G2/M arrest (22.37 ± 2.01%). In contrast, the radiosensitivity was not enhanced by Chk2 knockdown in GSCs. These results suggest that depletion of Chk1 may improve the radio-sensitivity of GSCs via inducing cell apoptosis. In summary, the therapy targeting Chk1 gene in the GSCs may be a novel way to treat glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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Qi J, Ding Y, Zhu Y, Wu Y. Kinetic theory approach to modeling of cellular repair mechanisms under genome stress. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22228. [PMID: 21857915 PMCID: PMC3153456 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Under acute perturbations from outer environment, a normal cell can trigger cellular self-defense mechanism in response to genome stress. To investigate the kinetics of cellular self-repair process at single cell level further, a model of DNA damage generating and repair is proposed under acute Ion Radiation (IR) by using mathematical framework of kinetic theory of active particles (KTAP). Firstly, we focus on illustrating the profile of Cellular Repair System (CRS) instituted by two sub-populations, each of which is made up of the active particles with different discrete states. Then, we implement the mathematical framework of cellular self-repair mechanism, and illustrate the dynamic processes of Double Strand Breaks (DSBs) and Repair Protein (RP) generating, DSB-protein complexes (DSBCs) synthesizing, and toxins accumulating. Finally, we roughly analyze the capability of cellular self-repair mechanism, cellular activity of transferring DNA damage, and genome stability, especially the different fates of a certain cell before and after the time thresholds of IR perturbations that a cell can tolerate maximally under different IR perturbation circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Qi
- College of Information Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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Ju JH, Jang K, Lee KM, Kim M, Kim J, Yi JY, Noh DY, Shin I. CD24 enhances DNA damage-induced apoptosis by modulating NF-κB signaling in CD44-expressing breast cancer cells. Carcinogenesis 2011; 32:1474-83. [PMID: 21798852 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgr173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 24 (CD24) is a small glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked cell surface molecule that is expressed in a variety of human carcinomas, including breast cancer. To determine the role of CD24 in breast cancer cells, we expressed CD24 in CD24-negative/low and cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44)-positive MDA-MB-231 metastatic breast cancer cells. Forced expression of CD24 resulted in a decrease in c-Raf/mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase (MEK)/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling and reduced cell proliferation. Apoptosis induced by DNA damage was greatly enhanced in MDA-MB-231 CD24 cells as compared with MDA-MB-231 vec cells. CD24 expression efficiently attenuated DNA damage-induced nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) signaling in MDA-MB-231 cells. However, in CD24-positive and CD44-negative/low MCF-7 cells, knockdown of CD24 did not significantly affect DNA damage-induced apoptosis nor NF-κB signaling. Silencing of CD24 in CD24/CD44-double-positive MDA-MB-468 cells partially rescued DNA damage-induced apoptosis. Transient transfection studies with 293T cells also revealed that CD24 attenuated cell viability and NF-κB signaling only when CD44 was cotransfected. These data indicate that CD24 expression potentiated DNA-induced apoptosis by suppressing antiapoptotic NF-κB signaling in CD44-expressing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-hyun Ju
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
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A Mathematical Framework for Cellular Repair Mechanisms under Genomic Stress Based on Kinetic Theory Approach. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.52-54.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Generally, a cell can trigger its self-defense mechanism in response to genomic stress under acute perturbations from outer environment. To investigate the dynamic kinetics of cellular repair mechanisms in fighting against genomic stress, a mathematical model of representing and analyzing DNA damage generation and repair process is proposed under acute Ion Radiation (IR) by using the Kinetic Theory of Active Particles (KTAP). In this paper, we focus on describing a mathematical framework of Cellular Repair System (CRS). We also present the dynamic processes of Double Strand Breaks (DSBs) and Repair Protein (RP) generating, DSB-protein complexes (DSBCs) synthesizing, and toxins accumulating under continuous radiation time.
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Multimodal approach using oncolytic adenovirus, cetuximab, chemotherapy and radiotherapy in HNSCC low passage tumour cell cultures. Eur J Cancer 2010; 46:625-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2009.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2009] [Accepted: 11/12/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Qi J, Ding Y, Shao S. Dynamic modeling of cellular response to DNA damage based on p53 stress response networks. PROGRESS IN NATURAL SCIENCE : COMMUNICATION OF STATE KEY LABORATORIES OF CHINA 2009; 19:1349-1356. [PMID: 32288404 PMCID: PMC7128557 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnsc.2009.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2009] [Revised: 03/10/2009] [Accepted: 03/17/2009] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Under acute perturbations from the outside, cells can trigger self-defensive mechanisms to fight against genome stress. To investigate the cellular response to continuous ion radiation (IR), a dynamic model for p53 stress response networks at the cellular level is proposed. The model can successfully be used to simulate the dynamic processes of double-strand breaks (DSBs) generation and their repair, switch-like ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) activation, oscillations occurring in the p53-MDM2 feedback loop, as well as toxins elimination triggered by p53 stress response networks. Especially, the model can predict the plausible outcomes of cellular response under different IR dose regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Qi
- College of Information Sciences and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yongsheng Ding
- College of Information Sciences and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Shihuang Shao
- College of Information Sciences and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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Chang L, Liu Y, Zhu B, Li Y, Hua H, Wang Y, Zhang J, Jiang Z, Wang Z. High expression of the circadian gene mPer2 diminishes the radiosensitivity of NIH 3T3 cells. Braz J Med Biol Res 2009; 42:882-91. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2009005000022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Accepted: 07/22/2009] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - B. Zhu
- Sichuan University, China
| | - Y. Li
- Sichuan University, China
| | - H. Hua
- Sichuan University, China
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Akudugu JM, Theron T, Serafin AM, Böhm L. Influence of DNA double‐strand break rejoining on clonogenic survival and micronucleus yield in human cell lines. Int J Radiat Biol 2009; 80:93-104. [PMID: 15164791 DOI: 10.1080/09553002310001655449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the role of DNA double-strand break (DSB) rejoining in cell survival and micronucleus yield after 60Co gamma-irradiation. MATERIALS AND METHOD Thirteen human cell lines (six glioblastoma, five prostate, one melanoma, one squamous cell carcinoma) were irradiated with 60Co gamma-rays to doses of 0-10Gy for cell survival and micronucleus measurements and 0-100Gy for DSB rejoining. Measurements were performed using standard clonogenic, micronucleus and constant-field gel electrophoresis assays. RESULTS Radioresistance and micronucleus yield were positively correlated (r=0.74, p=0.004). A significant cell type-dependent correlation was demonstrated between total (0-20 h) DSB rejoining and cell survival (r=0.86, p=0.03 for glioblastomas; r=0.79, p=0.04 for other cell lines), with more resistant cell lines showing higher levels of DSB rejoining. No relationship was apparent between fast (0-2 h) or slow (2-20 h) DSB rejoining and clonogenic survival. While there was no relationship between total or slow DSB rejoining and micronucleus yield, a significant and cell type-specific correlation emerged between fast rejoining and micronucleus yield for the glioblastomas (r=0.89, p=0.04) and other cell lines (r=0.76, p=0.04). Cell lines with higher levels of DSB rejoining within 2 h of irradiation showed higher yields of micronuclei. CONCLUSION Fast DSB rejoining, possibly through interaction with slow DSB rejoining, appears to play an important role in the formation of micronuclei. However, total DSB rejoining reflects intrinsic radiosensitivity. Consideration of differences in DSB rejoining kinetics might contribute to a better understanding of the significance of cell survival and micronucleus data in the clinical and radiation protection setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Akudugu
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Ontario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Hospital, Room 10-112, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada.
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Kumar B, Kumar A, Pandey BN, Hazra B, Mishra KP. Increased cytotoxicity by the combination of radiation and diospyrin diethylether in fibrosarcoma in culture and in tumor. Int J Radiat Biol 2009; 84:429-40. [DOI: 10.1080/09553000802030736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kunigal S, Lakka SS, Joseph P, Estes N, Rao JS. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 inhibition down-regulates radiation-induced nuclear factor-kappa B activity leading to apoptosis in breast tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:3617-26. [PMID: 18519796 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-2060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Novel strategies are needed to prevent the high mortality rates of several types of cancer. These high rates stem from tumor resistance to radiation therapy, which is thought to result from the induction of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and plasminogen activators. In the present study, we show that the modulation of MMP-9 expression, using adenoviral-mediated transfer of the antisense MMP-9 gene (MMP-9 adenoviral construct, Ad-MMP-9), affects breast cancer sensitivity to radiation. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In the present study, we used antisense Ad-MMP-9 to down-regulate the expression of MMP-9 in MDA MB 231 breast cancer cell lines in vitro before irradiation and subsequently incubated cells in hypoxic condition. In vivo studies were done with orthotopic breast tumors, and radiosensitivity was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Ad-MMP-9 infection resulted in down-regulation of radiation-induced levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha and MMP-9 under hypoxic conditions in MDA MB 231 breast cancer cells. In addition, Ad-MMP-9, in combination with radiation, decreased levels of the transcription factors nuclear factor-kappaB and activator protein 1, both of which contribute to the radioresistance of breast tumors. Finally, the triggering of the Fas-Fas ligand apoptotic cascade, which resulted in the cleavage of PARP-1 and caspase-10, caspase-3, and caspase-7, signifies the efficiency of combined treatment of Ad-MMP-9 and radiation. Treatment with Ad-MMP-9 plus radiation completely regressed tumor growth in orthotopic breast cancer model. CONCLUSIONS In summary, integrating gene therapy (adenovirus-mediated inhibition of MMP-9) with radiotherapy could have a synergistic effect, thereby improving the survival of patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sateesh Kunigal
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, One Illini Drive, Peoria, IL 61605, USA
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