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Yariv O, Amitai N, Nachalon Y, Moore A, Popovtzer A. Outcome of radiotherapy for the treatment of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma in the very elderly population. J Laryngol Otol 2024; 138:443-447. [PMID: 36776099 DOI: 10.1017/s002221512300018x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment selection for squamous cell carcinoma patients aged over 84 years is controversial. This retrospective chart review examined and compared characteristics of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma in very elderly (over 84 years) and younger patients (approximately 65 years). The secondary objective was to further evaluate the outcome of radiotherapy as a treatment modality in this patient population. METHODS Of all 23 very elderly patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma treated with radiotherapy, with or without surgery, in the Davidoff Cancer Center, from 1992 to 2012, 19 had sufficient data for analysis, and comprised the study group. RESULTS Median age at diagnosis was 86 years. Disease stage at diagnosis was I, II, III and IVA in 53 per cent, 21 per cent, 21 per cent and 5 per cent, respectively. Median radiotherapy dose was 60 Gy given in 25 fractions. Three patients had recurrence. No patient discontinued treatment because of toxicity. Median overall survival was 3.6 years (range, 0-10 years). CONCLUSION Very elderly laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients may derive a similar survival advantage as younger counterparts. Modern radiotherapy is effective and safe for treating laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma in this study population. Further, large-scale studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orly Yariv
- Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nimrod Amitai
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Yuval Nachalon
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Assaf Moore
- Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Aron Popovtzer
- Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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2
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Rühle A, Nya Yompang VA, Spohn SKB, Stoian R, Zamboglou C, Gkika E, Grosu AL, Nicolay NH, Sprave T. Palliative radiotherapy of bone metastases in octogenarians: How do the oldest olds respond? Results from a tertiary cancer center with 288 treated patients. Radiat Oncol 2022; 17:153. [PMID: 36071522 PMCID: PMC9450461 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-022-02122-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accompanied by the demographic change, the number of octogenarian cancer patients with bone metastases will increase in the future. Palliative radiotherapy constitutes an effective analgesic treatment; however, as pain perception and bone metabolism change with increasing age, the analgesic efficacy of radiotherapy may be altered in elderly patients. We therefore investigated the treatment outcomes of palliative radiotherapy for bone metastases in octogenarians. METHODS Patients between 80 and 89 years undergoing radiotherapy for bone metastases between 2009 and 2019 at a tertiary cancer center were analyzed for patterns-of-care, pain response and overall survival (OS). Logistic regression analyses were carried out to examine parameters associated with pain response, and Cox analyses were conducted to reveal prognostic parameters for OS. RESULTS A total of 288 patients with 516 irradiated lesions were included in the analysis. The majority (n = 249, 86%) completed all courses of radiotherapy. Radiotherapy led to pain reduction in 176 patients (61%) at the end of treatment. Complete pain relief at the first follow-up was achieved in 84 patients (29%). Bisphosphonate administration was significantly associated with higher rates of pain response at the first follow-up (p < 0.05). Median OS amounted to 9 months, and 1-year, 2-year and 3-year OS were 43%, 28% and 17%. In the multivariate analysis, ECOG (p < 0.001), Mizumoto score (p < 0.01) and Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score (SINS) (p < 0.001) were independent prognosticators for OS. CONCLUSION Palliative radiotherapy for bone metastases constitutes a feasible and effective analgesic treatment in octogenarian patients. ECOG, Mizumoto score and SINS are prognosic variables for survival and may aid treatment decisions regarding radiotherapy fractionation in this patient group. Single-fraction radiotherapy with 8 Gy should be applied for patients with uncomplicated bone metastases and poor prognosis. Prospective trials focusing on quality of life of these very old cancer patients with bone metastases are warranted to reveal the optimal radiotherapeutic management for this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Rühle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Freiburg - Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Str. 3, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Verlaine Ange Nya Yompang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Freiburg - Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Str. 3, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon K B Spohn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Freiburg - Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Str. 3, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Raluca Stoian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Freiburg - Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Str. 3, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Constantinos Zamboglou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Freiburg - Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Str. 3, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eleni Gkika
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Freiburg - Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Str. 3, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anca-Ligia Grosu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Freiburg - Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Str. 3, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nils H Nicolay
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Freiburg - Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Str. 3, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tanja Sprave
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Freiburg - Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Str. 3, 79106, Freiburg, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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Yang Y, Liu B, Liu Y, Chen J, Sun Y, Pan X, Xu J, Xu S, Liu Z, Tan W. DNA-Based MXFs to Enhance Radiotherapy and Stimulate Robust Antitumor Immune Responses. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:2826-2834. [PMID: 35344667 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Metal "X" Frameworks (MXFs) constructed from metal ions and biomacromolecules ("X components") via coordination interactions show crystalline structures and diverse functionalities. Here, a series of MXFs composed of various metal ions (e.g., Zn2+, Hf4+, Ca2+) and DNA oligodeoxynucleotides were reported. With MXF consisting of Hf4+ and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides as the example, we show that such Hf-CpG MXF can achieve high-Z elements-enhanced photon radiotherapy and further trigger robust tumor-specific immune responses, thus showing efficient tumor suppression ability. In vivo experiments showed that external beam radiotherapy applied on tumors locally injected with Hf-CpG MXF result in the thorough elimination of primary tumors, complete inhibition of tumor metastasis, and protection against tumor rechallenge by triggering robust antitumor immune responses. Our findings provide a blueprint for fabricating a variety of rationally designed MXFs with desired functions and present the strategy of stimulating whole-body systemic immune responses by only local treatment of radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Bo Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Jingqi Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yujia Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Xiaoshu Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Jun Xu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Shujuan Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
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4
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Cianci S, Rosati A, Vargiu V, Capozzi VA, Sozzi G, Gioè A, Gueli Alletti S, Ercoli A, Cosentino F, Berretta R, Chiantera V, Scambia G, Fanfani F. Sentinel Lymph Node in Aged Endometrial Cancer Patients "The SAGE Study": A Multicenter Experience. Front Oncol 2021; 11:737096. [PMID: 34737952 PMCID: PMC8560967 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.737096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The incidence of endometrial cancer is increasing in elderly people. Considering that aging progressively affects lymphatic draining function, we aimed to define its impact on IGC uptake during SLN mapping. METHODS A multicenter retrospective cohort of endometrial cancer patients with apparently early-stage endometrial cancer undergoing complete surgical staging with SLN dissection was identified in four referral cancer centers from May 2015 to March 2021. Patients were classified in Group 1 (<65 years old) and Group 2 (≥65 years old). The primary endpoint was the assessment of the overall, bilateral, and unsuccessful SLN mapping in the two groups. Secondary outcomes were the evaluation of SLN anatomical distribution and the identification of predictors for mapping failure applying a logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 844 patients were enrolled in the study (499 in Group 1 and 395 in Group 2). The overall detection rate, the successful bilateral mapping, and the mapping failure rate of the SLN were 93.8% vs. 87.6% (p = 0.002), 77.1% vs. 66.8% (p = 0.001), and 22.9% vs. 33.2% (p = 0.001), respectively, in Group 1 vs. Group 2. The advanced age affects the anatomical distribution of the SLN leading to a stepwise reduction of "unexpected" mapping sites (left hemipelvis: p < 0.001; right hemipelvis: p = 0.058). At multivariate analysis age ≥ 65 (OR: 1.495, 95% CI: 1.095-2.042, p = 0.011), BMI (OR: 1.023, 95% CI: 1.000-1.046, p = 0.047), non-endometrioid histotype (OR: 1.619, 95% CI: 1.067-2.458, p = 0.024), and LVSI (OR: 1.407, 95% CI: 1.010-1.961, p = 0.044) represent independent predictors of unsuccessful mapping. Applying binomial logistic regression analysis, there was a 1.280-fold increase in the risk of failed mapping for every 10-year-old increase in age (OR: 1.280, 95% CI: 1.108-1.479, p = 0.001). A higher rate of surgical under-staging (0.9% vs. 3.3%, p = 0.012) and adjuvant undertreatment (p = 0.018) was reported in Group 2. CONCLUSIONS Old age represents a risk factor for SLN mapping failure both intrinsically and in relation to the greater incidence of other independent risk factors such as LVSI, non-endometrioid histotype, and BMI. Surgeons should target the usual uptake along UPP during the SLN dissection in this subgroup of patients to minimize mapping failure and the consequent risk of surgical under-staging and adjuvant undertreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Cianci
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Minimally-invasive Gynecologic Surgery, Università degli studi di Messina, Policlinico G. Martino, Messina, Italy
| | - Andrea Rosati
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Virginia Vargiu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Gemelli Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | | | - Giulio Sozzi
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Aziende di Rilievo Nazionale di Alta Specializzazione (ARNAS) Civico Di Cristina Benfratelli, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gioè
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Gueli Alletti
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Ercoli
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Minimally-invasive Gynecologic Surgery, Università degli studi di Messina, Policlinico G. Martino, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Cosentino
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Gemelli Molise, Campobasso, Italy
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Università degli studi del Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Roberto Berretta
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Vito Chiantera
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Aziende di Rilievo Nazionale di Alta Specializzazione (ARNAS) Civico Di Cristina Benfratelli, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
- Department of Women and Child Health and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Fanfani
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
- Department of Women and Child Health and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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Bonanno L, Attili I, Pavan A, Sepulcri M, Pasello G, Rea F, Guarneri V, Conte P. Treatment strategies for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer in elderly patients: Translating scientific evidence into clinical practice. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 163:103378. [PMID: 34087343 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of locally advanced NSCLC (LA-NSCLC) is focused on multimodal strategy, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy (in combination or as alternative treatments), followed by surgery in selected cases. Recently, durvalumab consolidation after definitive chemo-radiation has shown a meaningful overall survival benefit. However, it is important to note that elderly patients represent a high proportion of NSCLC population and frailty and comorbidities can significantly limit treatment options. Indeed, elderly patients are under-represented in clinical trials and data to drive treatment selection in this category of patients are scanty. Available data, main issues and controversies on multimodal treatment in elderly LA-NSCLC patients will be reviewed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bonanno
- Medical Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padova, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Attili
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCSS, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Pavan
- Medical Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Sepulcri
- Radiotherapy, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Pasello
- Medical Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padova, Italy; Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Federico Rea
- Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Guarneri
- Medical Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padova, Italy; Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - PierFranco Conte
- Medical Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padova, Italy; Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Yan T, Guo S, Zhang T, Zhang Z, Liu A, Zhang S, Xu Y, Qi Y, Zhao W, Wang Q, Shi L, Liu L. Ligustilide Prevents Radiation Enteritis by Targeting Gch1/BH 4/eNOS to Improve Intestinal Ischemia. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:629125. [PMID: 33967762 PMCID: PMC8100595 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.629125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a high incidence of radiation enteritis (RE) after abdominal radiotherapy. The occurrence of RE seriously affects the treatment and quality of life of patients; however, its pathogenesis is complex and there are no effective drugs for its prevention or treatment. Intestinal ischemia plays an important role in the occurrence of enteritis. Previous studies have shown that targeting GTP-cyclohydrolase 1 (Gch1) to improve intestinal ischemia could be a new strategy to prevent and treat RE. A high content of the naturally occurring phthalide derivative ligustilide (LIG) has been found in the plant drug Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of LIG on RE. Ionizing radiation (IR) rat and endothelial cell models were used to observe and record rat body weights and stool morphologies, measure intestinal blood perfusion by laser Doppler blood flow imaging, determine the diastolic functions of mesenteric arteries, detect the levels of Gch1/BH4/eNOS pathway-related proteins and regulatory molecules in the mesenteric arteries and endothelial cells, and predict affinity by molecular docking technology. The results showed that LIG significantly improved the body weights, loose stools, intestinal villi lengths, intestinal perfusion and vasodilatory functions of IR rats. LIG also significantly improved Gch1 protein and BH4 levels in the mesenteric arteries and endothelial cells after IR, increased the NO content, reduced superoxide accumulation, and improved p-eNOS (Ser1177) levels in endothelial cells. LIG has good affinity for Gch1, which significantly improves its activity. These results indicate that LIG is the preferred compound for the prevention and treatment of RE by improving intestinal ischemia through the Gch1/BH4/eNOS pathway. This study provides a theoretical basis and new research ideas for the development of new drugs for RE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shun Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Command, Urumqi, China
| | - An Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuhong Qi
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weihe Zhao
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qinhui Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Linna Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Breast cancer in the oldest old (≥ 89 years): Tumor characteristics, treatment choices, clinical outcomes and literature review. Eur J Surg Oncol 2020; 47:796-803. [PMID: 33097334 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Risk of breast cancer increases with age and very few data are available in patients older than 89. METHODS A retrospective analysis on patients aged 89 and older treated between 2008 and 2019 at our certified breast center. The aim was to analyze clinical characteristics, decision-making, treatment, outcomes and open questions regarding this subpopulation for which there is a lack of guidelines. RESULTS 58 patients included. Tumor characteristics were analyzed, 85% patients underwent surgery of which 44% had a mastectomy. The median follow-up and overall survival were 20 and 76 months, respectively.The median survival of metastatic and non-metastatic patients were 14 and 50 months, respectively. Most patients did not receive any adjuvant treatment and among these 14% had a relapse. CONCLUSIONS Elderly patients should not be under or over-treated because of their age; they represent a large heterogeneous group deserving a sub-stratification for a better tailored treatment.
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O'Donovan A, Morris L. Palliative Radiation Therapy in Older Adults With Cancer: Age-Related Considerations. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2020; 32:766-774. [PMID: 32641244 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
There are many additional considerations when treating older adults with cancer, especially in the context of palliative care. Currently, radiation therapy is underutilised in some countries and disease sites, but there is also evidence of unnecessary treatment in other contexts. Making rational treatment decisions for older adults necessitates an underlying appraisal of the person's physiological reserve capacity. This is termed 'frailty', and there is considerable heterogeneity in its clinical presentation, from patients who are relatively robust and suitable for standard treatment, to those who are frail and perhaps require a different approach. Frailty assessment also presents an important opportunity for intervention, when followed by Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) in those who require it. Generally, a two-step approach, with a short initial screening, followed by CGA, is advocated in geriatric oncology guidelines. This has the potential to optimise care of the older person, and may also reverse or slow the development of frailty. It therefore has an important impact on the patient's quality of life, which is especially valued in the context of palliative care. Frailty assessment also allows a more informed discussion of treatment outcomes and a shared decision-making approach. With regards to the radiotherapy regimen itself, there are many adaptations that can better facilitate the older person, from positioning and immobilisation, to treatment prescriptions. Treatment courses should be as short as possible and take into account the older person's unique circumstances. The additional burden of travel to treatment for the patient, caregiver or family/support network should also be considered. Reducing treatments to single fractions may be appropriate, or alternatively, hypofractionated regimens. In order to enhance care and meet the demands of a rapidly ageing population, future radiation oncology professionals require education on the basic principles of geriatric medicine, as many aspects remain poorly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O'Donovan
- Applied Radiation Therapy Trinity (ARTT) research group, Discipline of Radiation Therapy, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - L Morris
- Department of Radiation Oncology, St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
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9
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Radiotherapy for nonagenarians: the value of biological versus chronological age. Radiat Oncol 2020; 15:113. [PMID: 32430009 PMCID: PMC7236131 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-020-01563-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The number of nonagenarian cancer patients (≥ 90 years) is continuously increasing, and radiotherapy is performed in a relevant proportion of patients, as surgery and chemotherapy are often not feasible for these patients. However, the evidence regarding the feasibility and treatment outcomes after radiotherapy for this patient group is very limited. Methods All nonagenarian patients receiving (chemo) radiotherapy between 2009 and 2019 at the University of Freiburg - Medical Center were analyzed for patterns of care, overall survival (OS) and therapy-associated toxicities according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. Uni- and multivariate Cox regression analyses were conducted to assess the influence of patient- and treatment-related factors on patient outcomes. Results One hundred nineteen patients with a total of 137 irradiated lesions were included in this analysis. After a median follow-up of 27 months, median OS was 10 months with a 3-year OS amounting to 11.1%. Univariate analyses demonstrated that a reduced performance status (HR = 1.56, 95% CI 1.00–2.45, p < 0.05), a higher burden of comorbidities (HR = 2.00, 95% CI 1.00–4.10, p < 0.05) and higher UICC tumor stages (HR = 2.21, 95% CI 1.14–4.26, p < 0.05) were associated with impaired survival rates. Split-course treatments (HR = 2.05, 95% CI 1.07–3.94, p < 0.05), non-completion of radiotherapy (HR = 7.17, 95% CI 3.88–13.26, p < 0.001) and palliative treatments (HR = 2.84, 95% CI 1.68–4.81, p < 0.05) were found to result in significantly reduced OS. In the multivariate analysis, split-course concepts (HR = 2.21, 95% CI 1.10–4.37, p < 0.05) and palliative treatments (HR = 3.19, 95% CI 1.77–5.75, p < 0.001) significantly deteriorated outcomes, while impaired ECOG status (HR = 1.49, 95% CI 0.91–2.43, p = 0.11) did not. The vast majority of patients reported either no (n = 40; 33.6%) or grade 1–2 acute toxicities (n = 66; 55.5%), and only very few higher-grade toxicities were observed in our study. Conclusion Radiotherapy for nonagenarian patients is generally feasible and associated with a low toxicity profile. Given the relatively poor OS rates and the importance of the quality of life for this patient group, individualized treatment regimens including hypofractionation concepts should be considered.
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Benito V, Lubrano A, Andújar M, Mori M, Federico M. Management of endometrial cancer in patients aged 80 years and older: Identifying patients who may benefit from a curative treatment. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2019; 242:36-42. [PMID: 31550627 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to evaluate the demographic characteristics, pathology, treatment, prognostic factors and survival rates in elderly patients with endometrial cancer, and to compare their results with those of younger ones, in order to define the specific characteristics of this malignancy in this population. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective analysis of all endometrial cancer patients managed at the University Hospital of the Canary Islands (Spain) between 1990 and 2016. Survival curves were calculated by using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared with the log-rank test. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the independent effect of different variables on cancer-specific survival. Statistical significance was considered for p < 0.05. RESULTS The study included 1799 endometrial cancer patients; 170 of them (9.4%) were 80 years old or older. Elderly patients received less surgery (68.2% vs. 92.4%), lymphadenectomy (10.3% vs. 26.2%) and adjuvant treatment (37.1% vs. 51.2%) than younger ones, and presented higher probability of receiving palliative treatment (27.6% vs. 4%). Endometrioid tumors were more frequently diagnosed in younger patients (78.8% vs. 62.9%), while type 2-endometrial cancer was more frequently diagnosed in elderly ones (37.1% vs. 21.2%). Cancer-specific survival in older patients was significantly poorer than in younger ones, with a mean of 61.4 months (95%CI 51.7-71.1) versus 226 months (95%CI 218.9-233.1), respectively. In a multivariate analysis: age, FIGO stage, histology, tumor differentiation and adjuvant treatment were independently associated with survival. CONCLUSION Although endometrial cancer is more aggressive in older patients, they are less likely to receive optimal treatment, which negatively affects their survival. Specific guidelines for the management of this population, including a comprehensive geriatric assessment, should be developed to improve their prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Benito
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016, Spain.
| | - Amina Lubrano
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016, Spain
| | - Miguel Andújar
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016, Spain
| | - Marta Mori
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016, Spain
| | - Mario Federico
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016, Spain
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11
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Mery B, Rancoule C, Assouline A, Aissou L, Falk AT, Auberdiac P, Vallard A, Chargari C, Magné N. Efficacy and tolerance of thoracic radiotherapy in the oldest old patients: A case series. Indian J Cancer 2019; 56:163-166. [PMID: 31062737 DOI: 10.4103/ijc.ijc_346_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are only scarce data on the management of nonagenarians with lung cancer, and more particularly on the place of radiation therapy. The aim of the present study was to retrospectively evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of radiotherapy (RT) in nonagenarians with thoracic cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Records from RT departments from four institutions were reviewed to identify patients 90 years old of age and older undergoing RT over the past decade for thoracic cancer and more particularly lung cancer. Tumors' characteristics as well as treatment specificities and its intent were examined. RESULTS Thirteen patients receiving RT courses were identified, mean age 91.9 years. Treatment was given with curative and palliative intent in 15.4% and 84.6%, respectively. The median total prescribed dose was 30 Gy (4-70). The median number of fractions was equal to 10 (1-35). The median dose received for each fraction was 3 Gy (1.7-7). RT could not be completed in 2 patients (15.4%). At last follow-up, 11 patients (76.9%) were deceased, cancer being the cause of death for 90% of them. Most toxicities were grade 1 or 2. Two patients (15.4% of cases) have developed grade 2 toxicity during treatment. One patient (7.7% of cases) experienced an acute grade 3 toxicity. CONCLUSION The study shows that RT for thoracic cancer is feasible in nonagenarians. Although the definitive benefit of RT could not be addressed here, hypofractionated therapy allowed a certain measure of control with acceptable side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoite Mery
- Department of Medical Oncology and Radiotherapy, Institut de Cancérologie Lucien Neuwirth, 42271 Saint Priest en Jarez, France
| | - Chloe Rancoule
- Department of Medical Oncology and Radiotherapy, Institut de Cancérologie Lucien Neuwirth, 42271 Saint Priest en Jarez, France
| | - Avi Assouline
- Department of Radiotherapy, Centre Clinique de la Porte de Saint Cloud, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Lounis Aissou
- Department of Medical Oncology and Radiotherapy, Institut de Cancérologie Lucien Neuwirth, 42271 Saint Priest en Jarez, France
| | - Alexander T Falk
- Department of Radiotherapy, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - Pierre Auberdiac
- Department of Radiotherapy, Clinique Claude Bernard, Albi, France
| | - Alexis Vallard
- Department of Medical Oncology and Radiotherapy, Institut de Cancérologie Lucien Neuwirth, 42271 Saint Priest en Jarez, France
| | - Cyrus Chargari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94800, Villejuif, France
| | - Nicolas Magné
- Department of Medical Oncology and Radiotherapy, Institut de Cancérologie Lucien Neuwirth, 42271 Saint Priest en Jarez, France
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Mousavi SM, Soroshnia S, Hashemi SA, Babapoor A, Ghasemi Y, Savardashtaki A, Amani AM. Graphene nano-ribbon based high potential and efficiency for DNA, cancer therapy and drug delivery applications. Drug Metab Rev 2019; 51:91-104. [DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2019.1582661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sadaf Soroshnia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili (UMA), Ardabil, Iran
| | - Seyyed Alireza Hashemi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Aziz Babapoor
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili (UMA), Ardabil, Iran
| | - Younes Ghasemi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technology, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Amani
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Coca‐Pelaz A, Halmos GB, Strojan P, Bree R, Bossi P, Bradford CR, Rinaldo A, Vander Poorten V, Sanabria A, Takes RP, Ferlito A. The role of age in treatment‐related adverse events in patients with head and neck cancer: A systematic review. Head Neck 2019; 41:2410-2429. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.25696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Coca‐Pelaz
- Department of OtolaryngologyHospital Universitario Central de Asturias Oviedo Spain
| | - Gyorgy B. Halmos
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Primož Strojan
- Department of Radiation OncologyInstitute of Oncology Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Remco Bree
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, UMC Utrecht Cancer CenterUniversity Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Paolo Bossi
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical SpecialtiesRadiological Sciencesand Public HealthUniversity of Brescia, ASST‐Spedali Civili Brescia Italy
| | - Carol R. Bradford
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan
| | | | - Vincent Vander Poorten
- Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery and Department of Oncology, Section Head and Neck OncologyUniversity Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Alvaro Sanabria
- Department of Surgery, School of MedicineUniversidad de Antioquia, Clínica Vida Medellín Colombia
| | - Robert P. Takes
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck SurgeryRadboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Alfio Ferlito
- International Head and Neck Scientific Group Padua Italy
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Liu Q, Shan Z, Luo D, Cai S, Li Q, Li X. Palliative beam radiotherapy offered real-world survival benefit to metastatic rectal cancer: A large US population-based and propensity score-matched study. J Cancer 2019; 10:1216-1225. [PMID: 30854131 PMCID: PMC6400677 DOI: 10.7150/jca.28768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Radiotherapy (RT) has been reported to effectively palliate many symptoms of patients with metastatic rectal cancer (mRC). The objective of this study was to evaluate the survival benefit of RT in mRC. Methods: A retrospective population-based cohort study was performed using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) database. Patient baseline demographic characteristics between the RT and no-RT groups were compared using Pearson chi-square tests. The outcome of interest was cause-specific survival (CSS). Propensity score (PS) matching and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed to evaluate the prognostic power of variables on CSS. Results: A total of 8851 patients with mRC were identified in the SEER database. Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that RT was a protective factor in mRC (hazard ratio [HR]= 0.702, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.665-0.741, p<0.001). In subgroup analysis, multivariate Cox analysis demonstrated that patients of both surgery and no-surgery subgroups treated with RT had better CSS than those not treated with RT (HR=0.654, 95%CI=0.607-0.704, p<0.001 for the surgery group; HR=0.779, 95%CI=0.717-0.847, p<0.001 for the no-surgery group), PS matching resulted in 4170 mRC patients and RT group presented significantly improved survival benefit than no-RT group (22.0 vs. 13.5%, P <0.001). In surgery subgroup after PS matching, in especial, RT group showed more evidently improved survival benefit than no-RT group (30.3 vs. 18.0%, p <0.001). Conclusion: Using the SEER database, we definitely demonstrated that RT was associated with a significant survival advantage beyond the relief of a variety of pelvic symptoms in the setting of mRC. This study strongly supports the use of RT in selected patients with mRC, especially in patients who have undergone surgery. More studies need to be conducted to accurately define the role of RT in mRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zezhi Shan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dakui Luo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sanjun Cai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingguo Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinxiang Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Vitale SG, Capriglione S, Zito G, Lopez S, Gulino FA, Di Guardo F, Vitagliano A, Noventa M, La Rosa VL, Sapia F, Valenti G, Rapisarda AMC, Peterlunger I, Rossetti D, Laganà AS. Management of endometrial, ovarian and cervical cancer in the elderly: current approach to a challenging condition. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2018; 299:299-315. [PMID: 30542793 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-018-5006-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gynaecological cancer management in older people represents a current challenge. Therefore, in the present paper, we aimed to gather all the evidence reported in the literature concerning gynecological cancers in the elderly, illustrating the state of art and the future perspectives. METHODS We searched MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, IBECS, BIOSIS, Web of Science, SCOPUS and Grey literature (Google Scholar; British Library) from January 1952 to May 2017, using the terms "ovarian cancer", "endometrial cancer", "cervical cancer", "gynecological cancers" combined with 'elderly', 'cancer', 'clinical trial' and 'geriatric assessment'. RESULTS The search identified 81 citations, of which 65 were potentially relevant after initial evaluation and met the criteria for inclusion and were analyzed. We divided all included studies into three different issue: "Endometrial cancer", "Ovarian cancer" and "Cervical cancer". CONCLUSIONS The present literature review shows that, in spite of the higher burden of comorbidities, elderly patients can also benefit from standard treatment to manage their gynecological cancers. It is important to overcome the common habit of undertreating the elderly patients because they are more fragile and with a lower life expectancy than their younger counterpart. Further trials with elderly women are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Giovanni Vitale
- Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Stella Capriglione
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istituto per la Sicurezza Sociale, 47893, Cailungo-Borgo Maggiore, Republic of San Marino.
| | - Gabriella Zito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Via dell'Istria 65/1, 34137, Trieste, Italy
| | - Salvatore Lopez
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Federica Di Guardo
- Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Via Tindaro 2, 95124, Catania, Italy
| | - Amerigo Vitagliano
- Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Noventa
- Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Valentina Lucia La Rosa
- Unit of Psychodiagnostics and Clinical Psychology, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95124, Catania, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Sapia
- Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95124, Catania, Italy
| | - Gaetano Valenti
- Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95124, Catania, Italy
| | - Agnese Maria Chiara Rapisarda
- Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95124, Catania, Italy
| | - Isabel Peterlunger
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Ospedale di Cattinara, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Diego Rossetti
- Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Desenzano del Garda Hospital, Section of Gavardo, Via A. Gosa 74, 25085, Gavardo, Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonio Simone Laganà
- Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125, Messina, Italy
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Increasing age predicts poor cervical cancer prognosis with subsequent effect on treatment and overall survival. Brachytherapy 2018; 18:29-37. [PMID: 30361045 DOI: 10.1016/j.brachy.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Stage and histology are well-established prognostic factors for cervical cancer, but the importance of age has been controversial and a clear role for this factor has not yet been defined. Thus, we aim with this study to evaluate the significance of age as an independent prognostic factor in women with cervical cancer and evaluate the therapeutic consequences and survival outcomes as they relate to this factor. METHODS AND MATERIALS The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was used to retrospectively analyze patients diagnosed with cervical cancer from 1973 to 2013 in the United States. Data collected included demographics, tumor histology and stage, treatment details, and survival outcomes. Age was grouped into 20-49, 50-69, ≥70 years. Stage was localized (FIGO IA-IB1), regional (IB2-IVA), and distant (IVB). Treatments were classified as "aggressive" (surgery, external beam radiation therapy [XRT] + brachytherapy [BT], surgery + BT, surgery + XRT, or surgery + XRT + BT) or "nonaggressive" (XRT alone, BT alone, or no treatment). Statistical analysis performed on these data included the use of the Log-Rank test, χ2 analysis, and the Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS Forty-six thousand three hundred fifty women with cervical cancer were identified using the SEER database. 54% were aged <50 years, 33% 50-69 years, and 13% ≥70 years. Older women, particular those over age 70 years, show significantly decreased survival trends when stratified by stage and histology (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, taking stage, histology, race, and treatment into account, increasing age demonstrates negative prognostic significance with a hazard ratio of 2.87 for women over age 70 years and 1.46 for women aged 50-69 years. In addition, women over 70 years, regardless of stage, are significantly more likely to receive nonaggressive treatment regimens (<0.0001), or no treatment at all (p < 0.0001). Finally, older women gain a significant survival advantage from treatment, even with less-aggressive regimens, as compared with no treatment at all (p < 0.0001), with BT alone showing the greatest survival benefit (p < 0.0001 vs no treatment; p < 0.0087 vs XRT) among less-aggressive therapies. When evaluated by stage, BT continues to hold a significant survival advantage for localized, regional, and distant disease in individuals over age 70 years (localized: p = 0.0009 vs no treatment; regional and distant: p < 0.0001 vs no treatment), with both an overall survival and disease-specific survival benefit over XRT seen as well for women with distant disease (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Older women with cervical cancer show a poor overall survival trend that remains consistent among various stages and histologic subtypes. Risk analysis of this study population supports that age is an independent negative prognostic factor, even when accounting for stage, histology, and race. Furthermore, older women receive less-aggressive treatment as compared with their younger counterparts, with a significant number receiving no treatment at all. Despite this, older women still obtain a significant survival benefit with less-aggressive therapies, particularly with BT alone. Most interesting is that BT shows a survival benefit for older women among all cervical cancer stages, supporting the immense potential clinical benefit. In fact, women over 70 years with more advanced stage disease showed a significant survival benefit, both overall survival and disease-specific survival, with BT over external beam radiotherapy as well. Previous studies have created a foundation of literature, which shows that inclusion of BT in treatment regimens among all age groups improves survival and that older women in general are less likely to be adequately treated for cervical cancer. The novelty of this study lies in the fact that it demonstrates that older women, who we show are at risk for a poorer overall prognosis because of their age, are not only receiving appropriate treatment less often, they are also dying more frequently because of it. Our data support that older women are a high-risk group of patients who would benefit significantly from treatment, even if that treatment is BT alone. BT for cervical cancer is a tolerable procedure, even for most elderly women, and should, therefore, remain a standard clinical option for this population, regardless of their stage or histology at diagnosis.
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Neelgund GM, Oki A. Photothermal effect of Ag nanoparticles deposited over poly(amidoamine) grafted carbon nanotubes. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018; 364:309-315. [PMID: 31031549 PMCID: PMC6484833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This paper illustrates the potential of Ag nanoparticles based nanocomposites to use as effective agents in photothermal therapy apart from their traditional employment as antimicrobial materials. Herein an Near- Infrared active photothermal agent was fabricated by deposition of Ag nanoparticles over aromatic poly(amidoamine) grafted carbon nanotubes. Thus prepared CNTs-PAMAM-Ag possessed strong photothermal effect under exposure to 980 nm laser system and prominent photothermal stability. The photothermal conversion efficiency of CNTs-PAMAM-Ag was found to be higher than readily used Au and CuS based photothermal agents. The photothermal effect of CNTs-PAMAM-Ag was substantial in presence of 980 nm laser compared to 808 nm laser and a linear dependence of photothermal effect on its concentration was identified. The maximum temperature attained by CNTs-PAMAM-Ag during assessment of its photothermal effect was about 66.0 °C, which is significantly higher than the survival temperature level of cancer cells. So CNTs-PAMAM-Ag could be a promising photothermal agent to apply in future photothermal hyperthermia therapy to treat cancer. Moreover CNTs-PAMAM-Ag can synchronous trigger by a single wavelength (980 nm) laser system, so it could simplify the future therapeutic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gururaj M. Neelgund
- Department of Chemistry, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, United States
| | - Aderemi Oki
- Department of Chemistry, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, United States
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18
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Nieder C, Yobuta R, Mannsåker B, Dalhaug A. How Should Palliative Thoracic Radiotherapy Be Fractionated for Octogenarians with Lung Cancer? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 32:331-336. [PMID: 29475917 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Geriatric oncology practice should be based on dedicated studies and real-world experience. Therefore, we evaluated survival outcomes after palliative thoracic radiotherapy in octogenarian patients with lung cancer and analyzed prognostic factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS We carried out a retrospective analysis of 51 patients with a median age of 83 years. Three different fractionation regimens were compared: two fractions of 8.5 Gy, 10 fractions of 3 Gy, and higher doses than 30 Gy (maximum biologically equivalent dose in 2-Gy fractions (EQD2) was always lower than 50 Gy). No concomitant chemotherapy was prescribed. Patients with incomplete radiotherapy (16%) were included, in line with the intention-to-treat principle, i.e. based on prescribed rather than accumulated dose. RESULTS Median survival was 3.4 months. We observed a relatively high proportion of patients who received radiotherapy in the last 30 days of life (24%). Nevertheless, approximately 10% of patients were alive 3-5 years after treatment. Prognosis was similar for those with stage III and IV disease. Multivariate analysis identified four significant prognostic factors for shorter survival: reduced performance status, serum C-reactive protein (CRP) ≥30 mg/l, leukocytosis, and prescribed radiation dose ≤30 Gy (EQD2=33 Gy). The three different radiotherapy regimens resulted in median survival of 2.4, 2.6 and 11.8 months, respectively. CONCLUSION Survival outcomes were highly variable. Given that survival after 10 fractions of 3 Gy was indistinguishable from that after two fractions of 8.5 Gy, we suggest that the latter regimen should be considered for patients with poor prognosis. Patients with favorable prognostic factors should be treated with higher radiation doses, e.g. 15 fractions of 3 Gy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Nieder
- Department of Oncology and Palliative Medicine, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodø, Norway .,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Rosalba Yobuta
- Department of Oncology and Palliative Medicine, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodø, Norway
| | - Bård Mannsåker
- Department of Oncology and Palliative Medicine, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodø, Norway
| | - Astrid Dalhaug
- Department of Oncology and Palliative Medicine, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodø, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Abstract
Management of head and neck cancer in the elderly patient is particularly challenging given the high morbidity associated with treatment. Surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have all been demonstrated as effective in older patients; however, older patients are more susceptible to treatment-induced toxicity, which can limit the survival benefits of certain interventions. This susceptibility is better associated with the presence of multiple comorbidities and decreasing functional status than with age alone. Screening tools allow for risk stratification, treatment deintensification, and even treatment avoidance in patients who are deemed at high-risk of being harmed by standard therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Cervenka
- Department of Otolaryngology, Division of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Davis, 2521 Stockton Boulevard, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - Shyam Rao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Davis, 4501 X Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Arnaud F Bewley
- Department of Otolaryngology, Division of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Davis, 2521 Stockton Boulevard, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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Park JH, Kim YS, Ahn SD, Choi EK, Shin SS, Kim YT, Kim YM, Kim JH, Yi SY, Nam JH. Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy or Radiotherapy Alone for Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer in Elderly Women. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/548.6516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aims and background To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of concurrent chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy alone in elderly patients with locally advanced cervical carcinoma (stage IB2-IVA). Methods and study design We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 105 women aged ≥65 years who received radiotherapy (group I, n = 61) or concurrent chemoradiotherapy (group II, n = 44). Patients received a median dose of 76.4 Gy to point A, including 30-35 Gy of high-dose intracavity brachytherapy. The concurrent chemoradiotherapy group received platinum-based chemotherapy. Results The median follow-up was 65 months for surviving patients. There was no significant difference in compliance to radiotherapy between the two groups. Most acute toxicities were hematologic; acute hematologic and gastrointestinal toxicity were significantly more common in group II. Five-year overall survival and cancer-specific survival rates were, respectively, 53.5% and 66.6% in group I and 61.8% and 68.8% in group II. Performance status, comorbidity index, tumor size, and stage were independent prognostic factors for overall survival, whereas stage was the only prognostic factor for cancer-specific survival. Conclusions The analysis showed no benefit of concurrent chemoradiotherapy with respect to overall survival and cancer-specific survival in elderly women. A prospective study is needed to determine the role of concurrent chemoradiotherapy in this population. Free full text available at www.tumorionline.it
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-hong Park
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Young Seok Kim
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Seung Do Ahn
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Eun Kyung Choi
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Seong Soo Shin
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Young-Tak Kim
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Yong-Man Kim
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Jong-Hyeok Kim
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Seong Yoon Yi
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo-Hyun Nam
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul
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21
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Lancellotta V, Kovács G, Tagliaferri L, Perrucci E, Colloca G, Valentini V, Aristei C. Age Is Not a Limiting Factor in Interventional Radiotherapy (Brachytherapy) for Patients with Localized Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:2178469. [PMID: 29581964 PMCID: PMC5822774 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2178469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This review examines the role of interventional radiotherapy (IRT otherwise known as brachytherapy) in cancer treatment for elderly patients. Despite their advanced age and associated comorbidities, elderly patients should receive definitive cancer therapies, including surgery and radiotherapy (RT). In fact, RT becomes first-line option for patients who are not eligible for surgery (due to comorbidities, anticoagulant drugs, and risk of disfigurement) or those who refuse it. It emerged from this review of the literature as effective, simple, safe, and comfortable and was associated with good local control, low toxicity rates, and excellent cosmesis and provided a cost benefit. IRT may be used as sole treatment for small cancers or as a useful adjunct to surgery or external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) in more advanced (or lymph node positive) cases, especially when the aim is local control with adequate preservation of normal tissue function. As palliative treatment, IRT preserves quality of life and/or improves survival. It is to be hoped that this review will serve as a helpful guide for members of multidisciplinary teams that are involved in treating elderly patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Lancellotta
- Radiation Oncology Section, Department of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia and Perugia General Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - György Kovács
- Interdisciplinary Brachytherapy Unit, University of Lübeck/UKSH-CL, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Luca Tagliaferri
- Polo Scienze Oncologiche ed Ematologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Colloca
- Polo Scienze Oncologiche ed Ematologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Gruppo Italiano di Oncologia Geriatrica (GIOGER), Roma, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Valentini
- Polo Scienze Oncologiche ed Ematologiche, Istituto di Radiologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Roma, Italy
| | - Cynthia Aristei
- Radiation Oncology Section, Department of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia and Perugia General Hospital, Perugia, Italy
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22
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Huang S, Zheng S, Gong T, Ma H, Ke Y, Zhao S, Wang W, Jia L, Zhang X. Survival benefit evaluation of radiotherapy in esophageal cancer patients aged 80 and older. Oncotarget 2017; 8:112094-112102. [PMID: 29340114 PMCID: PMC5762382 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the survival benefit of radiotherapy (RT) in esophageal cancer (EC) patients aged ≥ 80. Materials and Methods Records for all EC patients aged ≥ 65 years were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Chi-square test compared the characteristic and treatment between patients aged ≥ 80 with those aged 65–79. Focusing on patients aged ≥ 80, we employed multivariable logistic regression to identify the association between selection of RT and patients’ characteristics. Survival curve was employed to visualize the survival rate and multivariable Cox proportional hazard model was established to quantify the effect of RT on overall survival (OS) and cancer special survival (CSS). Results Patients aged ≥ 80 were more likely to be white male and have localized EC (all P < 0.001). Selection of RT in patients aged ≥ 80 were associated with cancer histology (P < 0.001), grade (P = 0.024) and stage (P < 0.001). RT significantly improved the OS (hazard ratio(HR) = 0.717) and CSS (HR = 0.722) (all P < 0.001). Further stratified analysis found the improvement were only significant in the localized (OS HR = 0.662; CSS HR=0.652) and regional stage patients (OS HR = 0.571; CSS HR = 0.581) (all P < 0.001). Conclusions Our study suggested EC patients aged ≥ 80 benefit from RT only if the cancer is in localized/regional stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Huang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuyu Zheng
- Department of Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tuotuo Gong
- Department of Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongbing Ma
- Department of Radiotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yue Ke
- Department of Radiotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Songchuan Zhao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenyu Wang
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lijun Jia
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaozhi Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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23
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Patsalos A, Pap A, Varga T, Trencsenyi G, Contreras GA, Garai I, Papp Z, Dezso B, Pintye E, Nagy L. In situ macrophage phenotypic transition is affected by altered cellular composition prior to acute sterile muscle injury. J Physiol 2017; 595:5815-5842. [PMID: 28714082 DOI: 10.1113/jp274361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS The in situ phenotypic switch of macrophages is delayed in acute injury following irradiation. The combination of bone marrow transplantation and local muscle radiation protection allows for the identification of a myeloid cell contribution to tissue repair. PET-MRI allows monitoring of myeloid cell invasion and metabolism. Altered cellular composition prior to acute sterile injury affects the in situ phenotypic transition of invading myeloid cells to repair macrophages. There is reciprocal intercellular communication between local muscle cell compartments, such as PAX7 positive cells, and recruited macrophages during skeletal muscle regeneration. ABSTRACT Skeletal muscle regeneration is a complex interplay between various cell types including invading macrophages. Their recruitment to damaged tissues upon acute sterile injuries is necessary for clearance of necrotic debris and for coordination of tissue regeneration. This highly dynamic process is characterized by an in situ transition of infiltrating monocytes from an inflammatory (Ly6Chigh ) to a repair (Ly6Clow ) macrophage phenotype. The importance of the macrophage phenotypic shift and the cross-talk of the local muscle tissue with the infiltrating macrophages during tissue regeneration upon injury are not fully understood and their study lacks adequate methodology. Here, using an acute sterile skeletal muscle injury model combined with irradiation, bone marrow transplantation and in vivo imaging, we show that preserved muscle integrity and cell composition prior to the injury is necessary for the repair macrophage phenotypic transition and subsequently for proper and complete tissue regeneration. Importantly, by using a model of in vivo ablation of PAX7 positive cells, we show that this radiosensitive skeletal muscle progenitor pool contributes to macrophage phenotypic transition following acute sterile muscle injury. In addition, local muscle tissue radioprotection by lead shielding during irradiation preserves normal macrophage transition dynamics and subsequently muscle tissue regeneration. Taken together, our data suggest the existence of a more extensive and reciprocal cross-talk between muscle tissue compartments, including satellite cells, and infiltrating myeloid cells upon tissue damage. These interactions shape the macrophage in situ phenotypic shift, which is indispensable for normal muscle tissue repair dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Patsalos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Attila Pap
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Tamas Varga
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | | | - Gerardo Alvarado Contreras
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Institute of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Zoltan Papp
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Institute of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Balazs Dezso
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Eva Pintye
- Department of Radiotherapy, Institute of Oncology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary.,MTA-DE 'Lendület' Immunogenomics Research Group, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando, FL, USA
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24
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Driver JA, Viswanathan AN. Frailty measure is more predictive of outcomes after curative therapy for endometrial cancer than traditional risk factors in women 60 and older. Gynecol Oncol 2017; 145:526-530. [PMID: 28359689 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine if readily obtainable markers of frailty predict disease-free survival (DFS) in elderly women with endometrial cancer treated with curative intent. METHODS 88 consecutive women≥age 60 treated with surgery, chemotherapy and radiation for stage I-IV endometrial cancer were included. We considered the following health deficits as markers of "frailty": albumin <3.5mg/dL, hemoglobin <10mg/dL, BMI<20kg/m,2 unintentional weight loss, ECOG performance status ≥2, history of osteopenia or osteoporosis and Charlson comorbidity score. Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazards models of DFS were calculated. RESULTS The median age was 68.5 (range 60-88years). The majority of women (65/88) had at least one frailty factor at baseline and 23/88 had two or more. All women received radiation and chemotherapy. Treatment was delayed, modified or truncated in 46% (40/88) of women due to treatment-related toxicity. Age (< 70 vs. ≥70 y) did not independently predict toxicity or recurrence risk. Women with at least one baseline frailty factor had twice the risk of disease recurrence (HR=2.21;95% CI:1.02-4.80) when adjusted for age, stage, grade and Charlson score. The 3-year DFS was 77% in those with no frailty markers and 48% in those with at least one (p=0.02). The presence of a frailty marker also predicted shortened overall survival (HR=2.34;95% CI:1.08-5.03) irrespective of treatment administered and stage of disease. CONCLUSIONS A combined frailty measure was a more robust predictor of DFS and OS than patient age, tumor characteristics and comorbidities in this cohort of older women with very good functional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane A Driver
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Akila N Viswanathan
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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25
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Nieder C, Kämpe TA. Patient-reported symptoms and performance status before palliative radiotherapy in geriatric cancer patients (octogenarians). Tech Innov Patient Support Radiat Oncol 2017; 1:8-12. [PMID: 32095537 PMCID: PMC7033783 DOI: 10.1016/j.tipsro.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate differences in baseline parameters including performance status and self-reported symptom burden between geriatric and non-geriatric cancer patients, and to assess the hypothesis that these factors might predispose older patients to incomplete radiotherapy and short survival. Patients and methods Retrospective comparison of geriatric and non-geriatric patients treated with palliative radiotherapy (age ⩾80 years and <80 years, respectively). Between 2013 and 2015, 26 geriatric and 76 non-geriatric patients were treated. The Edmonton symptom assessment system (ESAS) was employed to document baseline symptoms. Results Most patients received radiotherapy for bone metastases, commonly 5-10 fractions. Geriatric patients had significantly less pain at rest and depression. No strong trends towards higher symptom burden in older patients emerged for any of the items. Overall survival was similar in the two subgroups with different age and also in a separate age-stratified analysis of patients with performance status >2. Relatively few patients were irradiated in the terminal stage of disease, defined as final 30 days of life (8% in geriatric and 12% in other patients, p = 0.73). A higher number of geriatric patients failed to complete their prescribed course of radiotherapy (14 vs. 3%, p = 0.08), despite lower rates of prescription of more than 10 fractions in this group (15 vs. 23%, p > 0.2). Conclusions These data support utilization of palliative radiotherapy irrespective of age. However, care should be taken in assigning the right fractionation regimen in order to avoid lengthy treatment courses when survival is limited, such as in patients with performance status >2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Nieder
- Department of Oncology and Palliative Medicine, Nordland Hospital Trust, 8092 Bodø, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, 9038 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Thomas A Kämpe
- Department of Oncology and Palliative Medicine, Nordland Hospital Trust, 8092 Bodø, Norway
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26
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Zhang P, Wang J, Huang H, Qiu K, Huang J, Ji L, Chao H. Enhancing the photothermal stability and photothermal efficacy of AuNRs and AuNTs by grafting with Ru(ii) complexes. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:671-678. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb01991a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we found that the ruthenium complex-functionalized AuNRs (AuNRs@Ru) and AuNTs (AuNTs@Ru) exhibited better photothermal stability and higher photothermal efficiency than AuNRs and AuNTs.In vivotumor model studies showed that AuNRs@Ru and AuNRs@Ru were effective for the photothermal destruction of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingyu Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Jinquan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Huaiyi Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Kangqiang Qiu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Juanjuan Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Liangnian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Hui Chao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
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27
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Adjuvant Treatment and Clinical Trials in Elderly Patients With Endometrial Cancer: A Time for Change? Int J Gynecol Cancer 2016; 26:282-9. [PMID: 26745698 DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000000605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study were to evaluate the gap between recommended and received adjuvant therapy in elderly patients with endometrial cancer (EC) and to determine the percent of women 70 years and older who would meet enrollment criteria for representative Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) trials. METHODS AND MATERIALS An institutional review board approved retrospective chart review of all EC cases from a tertiary care institution from 2005 to 2010 was performed. Clinical, surgical, and pathologic data were abstracted from electronic medical records. Gynecologic Oncology Group protocols 249, 209, and 229L were selected as representative national EC trials. Patients were evaluated for eligibility by each protocol's criteria. RESULTS Twenty-six percent (280/1064) of patients with EC were older than 70 years. More than 60% (181/280) of elderly patients with EC were recommended to undergo adjuvant therapy. By therapy type, 64% (48/75) of elderly patients who were recommended adjuvant radiation received it, 53% (49/92) of elderly patients who were recommended combination chemotherapy and radiation received it, and 29% (4/14) of elderly patients who were recommended chemotherapy received it. In evaluating enrollment criteria for GOG 249, 30% (40/134) of pathologically eligible patients would have been eliminated for medical clearance; for GOG 209, 31% (26/86) would have been eliminated, and for GOG 229L, 9% (4/45) would have been eliminated purely for medical reasons. CONCLUSIONS More adjuvant treatment is recommended in the elderly patients because of a higher incidence of advanced disease and aggressive histopathology. Approximately half of the elderly patients who were recommended treatment actually received it. In addition, clinical trial data are limited for elderly patients because approximately one third of the women aged 70 years and older who meet pathologic enrollment criteria for trials were excluded because of complex medical disease.
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28
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Li Q, Parchur AK, Zhou A. In vitro biomechanical properties, fluorescence imaging, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and photothermal therapy evaluation of luminescent functionalized CaMoO 4:Eu@Au hybrid nanorods on human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2016; 17:346-360. [PMID: 27877887 PMCID: PMC5101861 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2016.1189797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Highly dispersible Eu3+-doped CaMoO4@Au-nanorod hybrid nanoparticles (HNPs) exhibit optical properties, such as plasmon resonances in the near-infrared region at 790 nm and luminescence at 615 nm, offering multimodal capabilities: fluorescence imaging, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) detection and photothermal therapy (PTT). HNPs were conjugated with a Raman reporter (4-mercaptobenzoic acid), showing a desired SERS signal (enhancement factor 5.0 × 105). The HNPs have a heat conversion efficiency of 25.6%, and a hyperthermia temperature of 42°C could be achieved by adjusting either concentration of HNPs, or laser power, or irradiation time. HNPs were modified with antibody specific to cancer biomarker epidermal growth factor receptor, then applied to human lung cancer (A549) and mouse hepatocyte cells (AML12), and in vitro PTT effect was studied. In addition, the biomechanical properties of A549 cells were quantified using atomic force microscopy. This study shows the potential applications of these HNPs in fluorescence imaging, SERS detection, and PTT with good photostability and biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifei Li
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Abdul K. Parchur
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Anhong Zhou
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
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29
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Brown ML, Glanzmann C, Huber G, Bredell M, Rordorf T, Studer G. IMRT/VMAT for malignancies in the head-and-neck region : Outcome in patients aged 80. Strahlenther Onkol 2016; 192:526-36. [PMID: 27306747 PMCID: PMC4956718 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-016-0986-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective Elderly patients with malignant head-and-neck tumors (HNT) often pose a therapeutic challenge. They frequently have significant comorbidities which may influence their ability to tolerate tumor-specific therapies. Our aim was to investigate the outcome of patients aged 80+ years undergoing curative intent intensity- or volume-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT/VMAT). Methods We retrospectively reviewed our HNT patients aged 80+ treated with curative IMRT/VMAT from December 2003 to November 2015. Overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), local control (LC), and treatment tolerance were assessed. Outcome results were compared with that of a younger HNT patient cohort from our hospital. Results A total of 140 consecutive patients were included (65 postoperative, 75 definitive). Mean/median age at treatment start was 84.8/84.1 years (range 80–96 years). Mean/median follow-up time was 25/16 months (range 2–92 months). Of the 140 patients, 80 were alive with no evidence of disease when last seen, 28 had died due to the cancer, 12 remained alive with disease, the remaining 20 died intercurrently. Systemic concomitant therapy was administered in 7 %. Late grade 3–4 toxicity was observed in 2 %. All patients completed treatment. Hospitalization and feeding tube rates were 26 % and 11 %, respectively. The 2‑/3-year LC, DFS, and OS rates for the entire cohort were 81/80 %, 69/63 %, and 68/66 %, respectively. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients showed an inferior 3-year OS rate as compared to non-SCC patients (62 % vs 77 %, p = 0.0002), while LC and DFS did not differ. Patients undergoing postoperative radiation attained a higher OS compared to the definitively irradiated subgroup with 74 vs. 60 % at 3 years (p = 0.01); however, DFS rates were similar for both groups (68 vs. 61 %, p = 0.15). Corresponding rates for >1400 HNT patients <80 years treated during the same time interval were 81/80 %, 69/67 %, and 77/72 %, respectively. Conclusions Treatment tolerance in our patients aged 80+ was high. These results suggest that elderly HNT patients should not be denied potentially curative treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Brown
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Head Neck Cancer Center, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Glanzmann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Head Neck Cancer Center, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Huber
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head Neck Cancer Center, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marius Bredell
- Department of Craniomaxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Head Neck Cancer Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tamara Rordorf
- Department of Medical Oncology, Head Neck Cancer Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela Studer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Head Neck Cancer Center, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
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30
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[Radiation therapy for elderly patients]. Cancer Radiother 2015; 19:391-6. [PMID: 26344439 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2015.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a disease that predominantly occurs in older patients who represent a quarter of the population in western countries. Numerous types of cancer are observed in elderly people. Radiotherapy is one of the most powerful treatments against cancer. Most of published studies have demonstrated feasibility of radiotherapy in curative or palliative intent whatever cancer types are considered. Complete geriatric assessment and a multidisciplinary approach are the key points. The purpose of this review is to highlight sights of radiation oncology specifically related to aging. Particular emphasis is placed on logistic and technical aspects of radiation, as dose, irradiated volume, fractionation and the potential usefulness of new technologies.
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31
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Méry B, Falk AT, Assouline A, Trone JC, Guy JB, Rivoirard R, Auberdiac P, Escure JL, Moncharmont C, Moriceau G, Almokhles H, de Laroche G, Pacaut C, Guillot A, Chargari C, Magné N. Hypofractionated radiation therapy for treatment of bladder carcinoma in patients aged 90 years and more: A new paradigm to be explored? Int Urol Nephrol 2015; 47:1129-34. [PMID: 25982585 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-015-0999-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are only scarce data on the optimal management of patients who present with a bladder carcinoma and who are aged 90 years and older. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed records from radiotherapy departments from two university hospitals, two private centers and one public center to identify patients who underwent radiotherapy for bladder cancer over the past decade and who were aged 90 years or older. From 2003 to 2013, 14 patients aged 90 years or older receiving RT for bladder malignant tumors were identified. RESULTS Mean age was 92.7 years. Ten patients (71 %) had a general health status altered (PS 2-3) at the beginning of RT. A total of 14 RT courses were delivered, including six treatments (43 %) with curative intent and eight treatments (57 %) with palliative intent. Palliative intent mainly encompassed hemostatic RT (36 %). At last follow-up, two patients (14 %) experienced complete response, one patient (7 %) experienced partial response, three patients (21 %) had their disease stable, and three patients (21 %) experienced tumor progression, of whom two patients with the progression of symptoms. There was no reported high-grade acute local toxicity in 14 patients (100 %). One patient experienced delayed grade 2 toxicity with pain and lower urinary tract symptoms. At last follow-up, seven patients (50 %) were deceased. Cancer was the cause of death for five patients. CONCLUSION Hypofractionated radiotherapy remains feasible for nonagenarians with bladder cancer. Further investigations including analysis of geriatric comorbidities and impact of treatments on quality of life should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoîte Méry
- Département d'oncologie médicale, Institut de Cancérologie Lucien Neuwirth, 108 bis avenue Albert Raimond, BP60008, 42271, Saint Priest en Jarez Cedex, France
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Kataria T, Gupta D, Bisht SS, Goyal S, Basu T, Srivastava A, Abhishek A, HB G, Sharma K, Kumar V. Chemoradiation in elderly patients with head and neck cancers: a single institution experience. Am J Otolaryngol 2015; 36:117-21. [PMID: 25442075 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of concurrent chemoradiation in patients with head and neck cancers aged 65 and older. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two elderly patients were treated with radical chemoradiation. Twenty-six (81.3%) out of thirty-two patients had stage III-IV disease. Twenty-nine (90.6%) patients received concurrent weekly cisplatin or carboplatin, 3 (9.4%) patients received concurrent cetuximab or nimotuzumab. Total dose of radiotherapy ranged from 66Gy to 70Gy. RESULTS Twenty-nine patients (90.6%) completed at least 5cycles of concurrent chemotherapy. Twenty-four (77.6%) patients achieved complete response. Fourteen (45.2%) patients experienced grade 3 mucositis. None of our patients developed grade 3 or above hematological toxicity. Loco-regional control and overall survival at 2year were 71.6% and 88.9%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Chemoradiation in elderly patients with high precision radiotherapy is a feasible option.
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Mountzios G. Optimal management of the elderly patient with head and neck cancer: Issues regarding surgery, irradiation and chemotherapy. World J Clin Oncol 2015; 6:7-15. [PMID: 25667910 PMCID: PMC4318746 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v6.i1.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) represents the sixth most common malignancy and accounts for approximately 6% of new cancer cases annually worldwide. As life expectancy constantly increases, the onset of HNC in patients older than 65 years of age at diagnosis is not rare and up to one fourth of cases occurs in patients older that 70 years at age. Because elderly cancer patients are severely under-represented in clinical trials, there is a clear need to address the particular aspects of this specific patient group, especially in the context of novel multidisciplinary therapeutic approaches. The frailty of elderly patients with HNC is attributed to the high incidence of smoking and alcohol abuse in this malignancy and the presence of substantial cardiovascular, respiratory or metabolic comorbidities. In the current work, I provide an overview of current and emerging treatment approaches, in elderly patients with HNC. In particular, I discuss modern surgical approaches that improve radical excision rates while preserving functionality, the incorporation of modern radiotherapeutic techniques and the introduction of novel chemotherapeutic combinations and molecular targeted agents in an effort to reduce toxicity without compromising efficacy. Finally, there is an urgent need to increase accrual and active participation of elderly patients with HNC in clinical trials, including biomarker evaluation in biopsy specimens towards an individualized therapeutic approach.
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Ikeda A, Hoshi N, Yoshizaki T, Fujishima Y, Ishida T, Morita Y, Ejima Y, Toyonaga T, Kakechi Y, Yokosaki H, Azuma T. Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection (ESD) with Additional Therapy for Superficial Esophageal Cancer with Submucosal Invasion. Intern Med 2015; 54:2803-13. [PMID: 26567992 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.54.3591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The standard treatment for submucosal esophageal cancer is esophagectomy or chemoradiotherapy (CRT). However, these treatment modalities could deteriorate the general condition and quality of life of the patients who are intolerant to invasive therapy. It is therefore important and beneficial to develop less invasive treatment protocols for these patients. METHODS The study included 43 patients who were clinically suspected of mucosa or submucosal esophageal cancer but underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) as a primary treatment, due to the patients' poor performance statuses and/or preferences for less invasive therapy. According to the pathological findings and patient's general condition, whether the patient underwent additional treatments or remained hospitalized without additional treatments was thereafter decided for each patient. We retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of these patients. RESULTS Fifteen patients underwent additional surgery, 11 patients underwent CRT/radiation therapy (RT) and 17 patients were followed without additional treatments. During the 3-year follow-up period, the relapse-free survival rates in the patients who received or did not receive additional treatments were 88% and 64%, respectively (95% confidence interval, 0.45-0.76, p=0.04). The relapse-free and overall survival rates in the patients with additional treatments were equivalent or superior to those described in previous reports of the standard treatments. Preceding ESD contributed to reduce the local relapse significantly to approximately 3.5% and additional CRT-related toxicities. CONCLUSION Preceding ESD is very effective for the local control of cancer, and useful for histologically confirming the high-risk factors of relapse, such as ≥submucosal layer 2 (SM2) invasion and lymphovascular involvements. ESD with additional therapy may be a promising strategy for optimizing the selection of therapy depending on the patient's general condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuki Ikeda
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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Hu B, Wang N, Han L, Chen ML, Wang JH. Core-shell-shell nanorods for controlled release of silver that can serve as a nanoheater for photothermal treatment on bacteria. Acta Biomater 2015; 11:511-9. [PMID: 25219350 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel bactericidal material comprising rod-shaped core-shell-shell Au-Ag-Au nanorods is constructed as a nanoheater in the near-infrared (NIR) region. The outer Au shell melts under laser irradiation and results in exposure of the inner Ag shell, facilitating the controlled release of the antibacterial Ag shell/layer or Ag(+). This results in the Au-Ag-Au nanorods having a favorable bactericidal ability as it combines the features of physical photothermal ablation sterilization of the outer Au shell and the antibacterial effect of the inner Ag shell or Ag(+) to the surrounding bacteria. The sterilizing ability of Au-Ag-Au nanorods is investigated with Escherichia coli O157:H7 as a model bacterial strain. Under low-power NIR laser irradiation (785 nm, 50 mW cm(-2)), the Au-Ag-Au nanoheater exhibits a higher photothermal conversion efficiency (with a solution temperature of 44°C) with respect to that for the Au-Ag nanorods (39°C). Meanwhile, a much improved stability with respect to Au-Ag nanorods is observed, i.e., 16 successive days of monitoring reveal virtually no change in the ultraviolet-visible spectrum of Au-Ag-Au nanorods, while a significant drop in absorption along with a 92 nm red shift of Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance is recorded for the Au-Ag nanorods. This brings an increasing bactericidal efficiency and long-term stability for the Au-Ag-Au nanorods. At a dosage of 10 μg ml(-1), a killing rate of 100% is reached for the E. coli O157:H7 cells under 20 min of irradiation. The use of Au-Ag-Au nanorods avoids the abuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics and reduces the damage of tissues by alleviating the toxicity of silver under controlled release and by the use of low-power laser irradiation. These features could make the bimetallic core-shell-shell nanorods a favorable nanoheater for in vivo biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Wang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Han
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Li Chen
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian-Hua Wang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China.
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The effect of radiation dose on mouse skeletal muscle remodeling. Radiol Oncol 2014; 48:247-56. [PMID: 25177239 PMCID: PMC4110081 DOI: 10.2478/raon-2014-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of two clinically relevant radiation doses on the susceptibility of mouse skeletal muscle to remodeling. Materials and methods. Alterations in muscle morphology and regulatory signaling were examined in tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscles after radiation doses that differed in total biological effective dose (BED). Female C57BL/6 (8-wk) mice were randomly assigned to non-irradiated control, four fractionated doses of 4 Gy (4x4 Gy; BED 37 Gy), or a single 16 Gy dose (16 Gy; BED 100 Gy). Mice were sacrificed 2 weeks after the initial radiation exposure. Results The 16 Gy, but not 4x4 Gy, decreased total muscle protein and RNA content. Related to muscle regeneration, both 16 Gy and 4x4 Gy increased the incidence of central nuclei containing myofibers, but only 16 Gy increased the extracellular matrix volume. However, only 4x4 Gy increased muscle 4-hydroxynonenal expression. While both 16 Gy and 4x4 Gy decreased IIB myofiber mean cross-sectional area (CSA), only 16 Gy decreased IIA myofiber CSA. 16 Gy increased the incidence of small diameter IIA and IIB myofibers, while 4x4 Gy only increased the incidence of small diameter IIB myofibers. Both treatments decreased the frequency and CSA of low succinate dehydrogenase activity (SDH) fibers. Only 16 Gy increased the incidence of small diameter myofibers having high SDH activity. Neither treatment altered muscle signaling related to protein turnover or oxidative metabolism. Conclusions Collectively, these results demonstrate that radiation dose differentially affects muscle remodeling, and these effects appear to be related to fiber type and oxidative metabolism.
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George EM, Tergas AI, Ananth CV, Burke WM, Lewin SN, Prendergast E, Neugut AI, Hershman DL, Wright JD. Safety and tolerance of radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer in the elderly. Gynecol Oncol 2014; 134:36-41. [PMID: 24768851 PMCID: PMC4158005 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite institutional studies that suggest that radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer is well tolerated in the elderly, little population-level data are available on the procedure's outcomes in older women. We performed a population-based analysis to determine the morbidity, mortality, and resource utilization of radical hysterectomy in elderly women with cervical cancer. METHODS Patients recorded in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample with invasive cervical cancer who underwent abdominal radical hysterectomy between 1998 and 2010 were analyzed. Patients were stratified by age: <50, 50-59, 60-69, and ≥70 years. We examined the association between age and the outcomes of interest using chi square tests and multivariable generalized estimating equations. RESULTS A total of 8199 women were identified, including 768 (9.4%) women age 60-69 and 462 (5.6%) women ≥70 years of age. All cause morbidity increased from 22.1% in women <50, to 24.7% in those 50-59 years, 31.4% in patients 60-69 years and 34.9% in women >70years of age (P<0.0001). Compared to women<50, those >70 were more likely to have intraoperative complications (4.8% vs. 9.1%, P=0.0003), surgical site complications (10.9% vs. 17.5%, P<0.0001), and medical complications (9.9% vs. 19.5%, P<0.0001). The risk of non-routine discharge (to a nursing facility) was 0.5% in women <50 vs. 12.3% in women ≥70 (P<0.0001). Perioperative mortality women ≥70 years of age was 30 times greater than that of women <50 (P<0.0001). CONCLUSION Perioperative morbidity and mortality are substantially greater in elderly women who undergo radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer. Non-surgical treatments should be considered in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M George
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons
| | - Ana I Tergas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons
| | - Cande V Ananth
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University
| | - William M Burke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons
| | - Sharyn N Lewin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons
| | - Eri Prendergast
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons
| | - Alfred I Neugut
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons
| | - Dawn L Hershman
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons
| | - Jason D Wright
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons.
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Zhao L, Su R, Cui W, Shi Y, Liu L, Su C. Preparation of biocompatible heat-labile enterotoxin subunit B-bovine serum albumin nanoparticles for improving tumor-targeted drug delivery via heat-labile enterotoxin subunit B mediation. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:2149-56. [PMID: 24851048 PMCID: PMC4018319 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s60764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat-labile enterotoxin subunit B (LTB) is a non-catalytic protein from a pentameric subunit of Escherichia coli. Based on its function of binding specifically to ganglioside GM1 on the surface of cells, a novel nanoparticle (NP) composed of a mixture of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and LTB was designed for targeted delivery of 5-fluorouracil to tumor cells. BSA-LTB NPs were characterized by determination of their particle size, polydispersity, morphology, drug encapsulation efficiency, and drug release behavior in vitro. The internalization of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled BSA-LTB NPs into cells was observed using fluorescent imaging. Results showed that BSA-LTB NPs presented a narrow size distribution with an average hydrodynamic diameter of approximately 254±19 nm and a mean zeta potential of approximately −19.95±0.94 mV. In addition, approximately 80.1% of drug was encapsulated in NPs and released in the biphasic pattern. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay showed that BSA-LTB NPs exhibited higher cytotoxic activity than non-targeted NPs (BSA NPs) in SMMC-7721 cells. Fluorescent imaging results proved that, compared with BSA NPs, BSA-LTB NPs could greatly enhance cellular uptake. Hence, the results indicate that BSA-LTB NPs could be a potential nanocarrier to improve targeted delivery of 5-fluorouracil to tumor cells via mediation of LTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongjian Su
- Central Laboratory of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyu Cui
- National Vaccine and Serum Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijie Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Su
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, People's Republic of China
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Portrait, treatment choices and management of breast cancer in nonagenarians: an ongoing challenge. Breast 2014; 23:221-5. [PMID: 24725451 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There are only scarce data on the management of nonagenarians with breast cancer, and more particularly on the place of radiation therapy (RT). We report a retrospective study on patients aged 90 years old or older, with breast cancer, receiving RT. Records from RT departments from five institutions were reviewed to identify patients 90 years old of age and older undergoing RT over past decade for breast cancer. Tumors' characteristics were examined, as well treatment specificities and treatment intent. 44 patients receiving RT courses were identified, mean age 92 years. Treatment was given with curative and palliative intent in 72.7% and 27.3% respectively. Factors associated with a curative treatment were performance status (PS), place of life, previous surgery, and tumor stage. Median total prescribed dose was 40 Gy (23-66). Hypo fractionation was used in 77%. Most toxicities were mild to moderate. RT could not be completed in 1 patient (2.3%). No long-term toxicity was reported. Among 31 patients analyzable for effectiveness, 24 patients (77.4%) had their diseased controlled until last follow-up, including 17 patients (54.8%) experiencing complete response. At last follow-up, 4 patients (12.9%) were deceased, cancer being cause of death for two of them. The study shows that breast/chest RT is feasible in nonagenarians. Although the definitive benefit of RT could not be addressed here, hypofractionated therapy allowed a good local control with acceptable side effects.
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Roque DR, Cronin B, Robison K, Lopes V, Rizack T, Dizon DS. The effects of age on treatment and outcomes in women with stages IB1-IIB cervical cancer. J Geriatr Oncol 2014; 4:374-81. [PMID: 24472482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Age may affect the treatment choice and subsequent outcome in elderly patients with cervical cancer. Given the potential for cure with either surgery or chemoradiation in early stage disease, we aimed to determine whether a patient's age influenced treatment received and the ensuing outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS We identified 303 patients with stages IB1-IIB cervical carcinoma treated at our institution between 2000 and 2010, who were divided into two groups based on age at time of diagnosis: < 65 and ≥ 65 years. Adjusted odd ratios were calculated to determine variables associated with treatment received. Single and multivariate Cox proportional hazards modeling were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for variables associated with disease-specific survival. RESULTS Patients were more commonly <65 years at diagnosis (83% versus 17% ≥ 65 years). There was no difference between the two groups in terms of tumor histology, stage at presentation, and grade. Women ≥ 65 years of age were less likely to receive primary surgical management (p=0.03). Age did not influence disease-specific or all-cause mortality. However, women over 65 years who underwent primary surgery were at significantly increased risk of all-cause mortality compared to younger women (HR 6.53, 95% CI: 2.57-16.6). CONCLUSIONS Age appears to influence treatment received by patients with stages IB1-IIB cervical cancer. Although there was no difference in cancer-specific mortality stratified by type of treatment received, surgery was associated with a 6.5-fold increased risk of all-cause mortality among women 65 years or over.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario R Roque
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women & Infants Hospital, 101 Dudley Street, Providence, RI 02906, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women & Infants Hospital, 101 Dudley Street, Providence, RI 02906, USA.
| | - Beth Cronin
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women & Infants Hospital, 101 Dudley Street, Providence, RI 02906, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women & Infants Hospital, 101 Dudley Street, Providence, RI 02906, USA.
| | - Katina Robison
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women & Infants Hospital, 101 Dudley Street, Providence, RI 02906, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women & Infants Hospital, 101 Dudley Street, Providence, RI 02906, USA; Program in Women's Oncology, Women & Infants Hospital, 101 Dudley Street, Providence, RI 02906, USA.
| | - Vrishali Lopes
- Division of Researcxh, Women & Infants Hospital, 101 Dudley Street, Providence, RI 02906, USA.
| | - Tina Rizack
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women & Infants Hospital, 101 Dudley Street, Providence, RI 02906, USA; Program in Women's Oncology, Women & Infants Hospital, 101 Dudley Street, Providence, RI 02906, USA; Department of Medicine, Women & Infants Hospital, 101 Dudley Street, Providence, RI 02906, USA.
| | - Don S Dizon
- Medical Gynecologic Oncology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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VanderWalde NA, Fleming M, Weiss J, Chera BS. Treatment of older patients with head and neck cancer: a review. Oncologist 2013; 18:568-78. [PMID: 23635557 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2012-0427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of head and neck cancer (HNC) in the elderly is increasing. The treatment of HNC often includes multimodality therapy that can be quite morbid. Older patients (herein, defined as ≥65 years) with HNC often have significant comorbidity and impaired functional status that may hinder their ability to receive and tolerate combined modality therapy. They have often been excluded from clinical trials that have defined standards of care. Therefore, tailoring cancer therapy for older patients with HNC can be quite challenging. In this paper, we performed a comprehensive literature review to better understand and discuss issues related to therapeutic recommendations that are particular to patients 65 years and older. Evidence suggests that older patients have similar survival outcomes compared with their younger peers; however, they may experience worse toxicity, especially with treatment intensification. Similarly, older patients may require more supportive care throughout the treatment process. Future studies incorporating geriatric tools for predictive and interventional purposes will potentially allow for improved patient selection and tolerance to intensive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam A VanderWalde
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
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Jin Y, Wang J, Ke H, Wang S, Dai Z. Graphene oxide modified PLA microcapsules containing gold nanoparticles for ultrasonic/CT bimodal imaging guided photothermal tumor therapy. Biomaterials 2013; 34:4794-802. [PMID: 23557859 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Theranostic microcapsules were successfully fabricated by introducing gold nanoparticles into poly(lactic acid) microcapsules through a double-microemulsion method, followed by depositing graphene oxide onto the microcapsule surface via electrostatic layer-by-layer self-assembly technique. It was proved that the obtained microcapsules could serve as a contrast agent to simultaneously enhance US imaging and X-ray CT imaging greatly both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the in vivo therapeutic examinations showed that the microcapsule was an effective agent for photothermal therapy of cancer. The near-infrared laser light ablated the tumor completely within 9 days in the presence of the microcapsules and the tumor growth inhibition was 83.8%. The combination of real-time ultrasound with 3-D computed tomography through a single microcapsule agent is very helpful for accurately interpreting the obtained images, identifying the size and location of the tumor, as well as guiding and monitoring the photothermal therapy. Simultaneously, the effectiveness of photothermal therapy could be evaluated by the combined US and CT imaging enhanced by the microcapsule agent. Such a versatile microcapsule system might bring opportunities to the next generation of multimodal imaging guided cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushen Jin
- Nanomedicine and Biosensor Laboratory, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
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Rodrigues G, Sanatani M. Age and comorbidity considerations related to radiotherapy and chemotherapy administration. Semin Radiat Oncol 2013; 22:277-83. [PMID: 22985810 DOI: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Oncological treatment decision-making is a highly complex enterprise integrating multiple patient, tumor, treatment, and professional factors with the available medical evidence. This management complexity can be exacerbated by the interplay of patient age and comorbid non-cancer conditions that can affect patient quality of life, treatment tolerance, and survival outcomes. Given the expected increase in median age (and associated comorbidity burden) of Western populations over the next few decades, the use of evidence-based therapies that appropriately balance treatment intensity and tolerability to achieve the desired goal of treatment (radical, adjuvant, salvage, or palliative) will be increasingly important to health care systems, providers, and patients. In this review, we highlight the evidence related to age and comorbidity, as it relates to radiotherapy and chemotherapy decision making. We will address evidence as it relates to age and comorbidity considerations separately and also the interplay between the factors. Clinical considerations to adapt radiation and/or chemotherapy treatment to deal with comorbidity challenges will be discussed. Knowledge gaps, future research, and clinical recommendation in this increasingly important field are highlighted as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Rodrigues
- Department of Radiation Oncology, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada.
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Yucel B, Okur Y, Akkas EA, Eren MF. Lack of Impact of Age on Acute Side Effects and Tolerance of Curative Radiation Therapy. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.2.969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Hou C, Quan H, Duan Y, Zhang Q, Wang H, Li Y. Facile synthesis of water-dispersible Cu2O nanocrystal-reduced graphene oxide hybrid as a promising cancer therapeutic agent. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:1227-32. [PMID: 23302950 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr32938g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We report a Cu(2)O nanocrystal-reduced graphene oxide hybrid that is dispersible in water and has anticancer activity under both visible and near-infrared light irradiation. In contrast to the highly efficient killing of both normal and cancer cells initiated by the photothermal effect, the photocatalytic effect of this material results in the selective killing of cancer cells under visible light irradiation. These results have implications for safe and widely applicable cancer therapy agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyi Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
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Zeng L, Chow E. The added challenges of bone metastases treatment in elderly patients. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2012. [PMID: 23199578 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Most cancers occur in those older than the age of 65 years. As the population of the world ages and life expectancies continue to increase, it is important to address treatment challenges for elderly patients. This narrative review details the challenges of palliative radiotherapy treatment for elderly patients with bone metastases. We begin with the definition of elderly and its appropriateness, outlining recent demographic data of patients with cancer. The current status of elderly participation in clinical trials is discussed by reviewing the recent literature and clinical trial data. Factors affecting enrolment of the elderly are assessed, with a focus on palliative radiotherapy trials, and what we can do to improve accrual in this data-driven setting. At present, there is a lack of level 1 evidence that evaluates the optimal treatment for elderly patients with bone metastases. Therefore, a review of safety and efficacy is given based on previously published reports. Palliative radiotherapy for elderly patients is a worthwhile treatment and should be recommended regardless of age, as supported by available evidence. Patient, family and physician concerns about physical burden may be reduced as single treatments (that often can be done in a single visit) are as beneficial as multiple treatments for painful bone metastases. In elderly patients, radiotherapy may even be the best treatment for these cases as opioid-related adverse events are amplified in this group and often dosages are more difficult to titrate. Clinicians should continue to encourage the enrolment of elderly patients on to clinical trials as these data form the basis of optimal treatment guidelines. Radiation oncologists are encouraged to reduce the physical burden for elderly patients by offering single treatments where appropriate and completing consultation, treatment simulation and treatment in a single clinical visit.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zeng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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The Use of Palliative Whole Brain Radiotherapy in the Management of Brain Metastases. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2012; 24:e149-58. [PMID: 23063070 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2011] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Gugić J, Strojan P. Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in the elderly. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2012; 18:16-25. [PMID: 24381743 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2012.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) peaks between the fifth and seventh decades of life. With prolongation of life expectancy, however, the proportion of elderly HNSCC patients is also increasing, which makes HNSCC in this life period an important issue for healthcare providers. With features characteristic to the older patient groups coupled with the inherent complexity of the disease, HNSCC in the elderly represents a considerable challenge to clinicians. Indeed, to expedite the progress and improve the healthcare system to meet the needs of this unique population of patients, several essential issues related to the clinical profile, diagnostics, optimal treatment and support are of concern and should be addressed in properly conducted clinical trials. In the present review, we analyzed a literature series comparing different age groups with regard to their clinical characteristics, therapy, outcome and quality of life in an attempt to determine their implications on treatment-decision-making for elderly patients with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasenka Gugić
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloška 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primož Strojan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloška 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Kofoed S, Breen S, Gough K, Aranda S. Benefits of remote real-time side-effect monitoring systems for patients receiving cancer treatment. Oncol Rev 2012; 6:e7. [PMID: 25992209 PMCID: PMC4419632 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2012.e7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In Australia, the incidence of cancer diagnoses is rising along with an aging population. Cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy, are increasingly being provided in the ambulatory care setting. Cancer treatments are commonly associated with distressing and serious side-effects and patients often struggle to manage these themselves without specialized real-time support. Unlike chronic disease populations, few systems for the remote real-time monitoring of cancer patients have been reported. However, several prototype systems have been developed and have received favorable reports. This review aimed to identify and detail systems that reported statistical analyses of changes in patient clinical outcomes, health care system usage or health economic analyses. Five papers were identified that met these criteria. There was wide variation in the design of the monitoring systems in terms of data input method, clinician alerting and response, groups of patients targeted and clinical outcomes measured. The majority of studies had significant methodological weaknesses. These included no control group comparisons, small sample sizes, poor documentation of clinical interventions or measures of adherence to the monitoring systems. In spite of the limitations, promising results emerged in terms of improved clinical outcomes (e.g. pain, depression, fatigue). Health care system usage was assessed in two papers with inconsistent results. No studies included health economic analyses. The diversity in systems described, outcomes measured and methodological issues all limited between-study comparisons. Given the acceptability of remote monitoring and the promising outcomes from the few studies analyzing patient or health care system outcomes, future research is needed to rigorously trial these systems to enable greater patient support and safety in the ambulatory setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kofoed
- Department of Nursing & Supportive Care Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria
| | - Sibilah Breen
- Department of Nursing & Supportive Care Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria; ; Department of Nursing, Melbourne School of Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria
| | - Karla Gough
- Department of Nursing & Supportive Care Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria
| | - Sanchia Aranda
- Department of Nursing & Supportive Care Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria; ; Department of Nursing, Melbourne School of Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria; ; Division of Cancer Services and Information, Cancer Institute NSW, Alexandria, NSW, Australia
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