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Franx BAA, van Tilborg GAF, van der Toorn A, van Heijningen CL, Dippel DWJ, van der Schaaf IC, Dijkhuizen RM. Propofol anesthesia improves stroke outcomes over isoflurane anesthesia-a longitudinal multiparametric MRI study in a rodent model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1332791. [PMID: 38414549 PMCID: PMC10897009 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1332791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
General anesthesia is routinely used in endovascular thrombectomy procedures, for which volatile gas and/or intravenous propofol are recommended. Emerging evidence suggests propofol may have superior effects on disability and/or mortality rates, but a mode-of-action underlying these class-specific effects remains unknown. Here, a moderate isoflurane or propofol dosage on experimental stroke outcomes was retrospectively compared using serial multiparametric MRI and behavioral testing. Adult male rats (N = 26) were subjected to 90-min filament-induced transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Diffusion-, T2- and perfusion-weighted MRI was performed during occlusion, 0.5 h after recanalization, and four days into the subacute phase. Sequels of ischemic damage-blood-brain barrier integrity, cerebrovascular reactivity and sensorimotor functioning-were assessed after four days. While size and severity of ischemia was comparable between groups during occlusion, isoflurane anesthesia was associated with larger lesion sizes and worsened sensorimotor functioning at follow-up. MRI markers indicated that cytotoxic edema persisted locally in the isoflurane group early after recanalization, coinciding with burgeoning vasogenic edema. At follow-up, sequels of ischemia were further aggravated in the post-ischemic lesion, manifesting as increased blood-brain barrier leakage, cerebrovascular paralysis and cerebral hyperperfusion. These findings shed new light on how isoflurane, and possibly similar volatile agents, associate with persisting injurious processes after recanalization that contribute to suboptimal treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart A. A. Franx
- Translational Neuroimaging Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Geralda A. F. van Tilborg
- Translational Neuroimaging Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Annette van der Toorn
- Translational Neuroimaging Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Caroline L. van Heijningen
- Translational Neuroimaging Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Rick M. Dijkhuizen
- Translational Neuroimaging Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Franx BAA, van Tilborg GAF, Taha A, Bobi J, van der Toorn A, Van Heijningen CL, van Beusekom HMM, Wu O, Dijkhuizen RM. Hyperperfusion profiles after recanalization differentially associate with outcomes in a rat ischemic stroke model. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024; 44:209-223. [PMID: 37873758 PMCID: PMC10993873 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231208993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Futile recanalization hampers prognoses of ischemic stroke after successful mechanical thrombectomy, hypothetically through post-recanalization perfusion deficits, onset-to-groin delays and sex effects. Clinically, acute multiparametric imaging studies remain challenging. We assessed possible relationships between these factors and disease outcome after experimental cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, using translational MRI, behavioral testing and multi-model inference analyses. Male and female rats (N = 60) were subjected to 45-/90-min filament-induced transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Diffusion, T2- and perfusion-weighted MRI at occlusion, 0.5 h and four days after recanalization, enabled tracking of tissue fate, and relative regional cerebral blood flow (rrCBF) and -volume (rrCBV). Lesion areas were parcellated into core, salvageable tissue and delayed injury, verified by histology. Recanalization resulted in acute-to-subacute lesion volume reductions, most apparently in females (n = 19). Hyperacute normo-to-hyperperfusion in the post-ischemic lesion augmented towards day four, particularly in males (n = 23). Tissue suffering delayed injury contained higher ratios of hypoperfused voxels early after recanalization. Regressed against acute-to-subacute lesion volume change, increased rrCBF associated with lesion growth, but increased rrCBV with lesion reduction. Similar relationships were detected for behavioral outcome. Post-ischemic hyperperfusion may develop differentially in males and females, and can be beneficial or detrimental to disease outcome, depending on which perfusion parameter is used as explanatory variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart AA Franx
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Geralda AF van Tilborg
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aladdin Taha
- Erasmus MC, Cardiovascular Institute, Thorax Center, Department of Cardiology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joaquim Bobi
- Erasmus MC, Cardiovascular Institute, Thorax Center, Department of Cardiology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annette van der Toorn
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline L Van Heijningen
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Heleen MM van Beusekom
- Erasmus MC, Cardiovascular Institute, Thorax Center, Department of Cardiology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ona Wu
- Athinoula A Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Rick M Dijkhuizen
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - on behalf of the CONTRAST consortium
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Erasmus MC, Cardiovascular Institute, Thorax Center, Department of Cardiology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Athinoula A Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
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Khaksar S, Bigdeli M, Mohammadi R. Expression of Na +/Ca 2+ exchangers was enhanced following pre-treatment of olive leaf extract and olive oil in animal model of ischemic stroke. Int J Neurosci 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38153337 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2023.2300732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroprotective role of olive and its natural products can introduce them as alternative candidates for the management of neurodegenerative diseases including stroke. The present study was designed to evaluate whether pretreatment of olive oil and leaf extract can attenuate the most important destructive processes in cerebral ischemia called excitotoxicity. MATERIAL AND METHODS The male rats were categorized into control, virgin olive oil (OVV), MCAO, MCAO + OVV (with doses of 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 ml/kg as treatment groups), olive leaf extract, MCAO + olive leaf extract (with doses 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg as treatment groups) groups. Rats of treatment groups received gastric gavage with olive oil or leaf extract for 30 consecutive days. After pretreatment, the intraluminal filament technique was used to block middle cerebral artery (MCA) transiently. Neurological deficits, infarct volume and expression of Na+/Ca2+ exchangers (NCX1, NCX2 and NCX3) proteins were measured. RESULTS The results revealed that olive oil at doses of 0.50 and 0.75 ml/kg reduced the infarction and neurological score and upregulated NCXs expression in rat brain. In addition, olive leaf extract at doses of 75 and 100 mg/kg attenuated the infarction and neurological score and enhanced NCXs expression in rat brain. CONCLUSION These findings support the view that olive oil and leaf extract play the neuroprotective role in cerebral ischemia due to the upregulation of NCXs protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Khaksar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Bigdeli
- Department of Animal Sciences and Marine Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
- Institute for Cognitive and Brain Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raziyeh Mohammadi
- Department of Animal Sciences and Marine Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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Plotnikov MB, Chernysheva GA, Smol’yakova VI, Aliev OI, Anishchenko AM, Ulyakhina OA, Trofimova ES, Ligacheva AA, Anfinogenova ND, Osipenko AN, Kovrizhina AR, Khlebnikov AI, Schepetkin IA, Drozd AG, Plotnikov EV, Atochin DN, Quinn MT. Neuroprotective Effects of Tryptanthrin-6-Oxime in a Rat Model of Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1057. [PMID: 37630972 PMCID: PMC10457995 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) plays an important role in stroke outcomes. Tryptanthrin-6-oxime (TRYP-Ox) is reported to have high affinity for JNK and anti-inflammatory activity and may be of interest as a promising neuroprotective agent. The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of TRYP-Ox in a rat model of transient focal cerebral ischemia (FCI), which involved intraluminal occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) for 1 h. Animals in the experimental group were administered intraperitoneal injections of TRYP-Ox 30 min before reperfusion and 23 and 47 h after FCI. Neurological status was assessed 4, 24, and 48 h following FCI onset. Treatment with 5 and 10 mg/kg of TRYP-Ox decreased mean scores of neurological deficits by 35-49 and 46-67% at 24 and 48 h, respectively. At these doses, TRYP-Ox decreased the infarction size by 28-31% at 48 h after FCI. TRYP-Ox (10 mg/kg) reduced the content of interleukin (IL) 1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in the ischemic core area of the MCA region by 33% and 38%, respectively, and attenuated cerebral edema by 11% in the left hemisphere, which was affected by infarction, and by 6% in the right, contralateral hemisphere 24 h after FCI. TRYP-Ox reduced c-Jun phosphorylation in the MCA pool at 1 h after reperfusion. TRYP-Ox was predicted to have high blood-brain barrier permeability using various calculated descriptors and binary classification trees. Indeed, reactive oxidant production was significantly lower in the brain homogenates from rats treated with TRYP-Ox versus that in control animals. Our data suggest that the neuroprotective activity of TRYP-Ox may be due to the ability of this compound to inhibit JNK and exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. Thus, TRYP-Ox may be considered a promising neuroprotective agent that potentially could be used for the development of new treatment strategies in cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark B. Plotnikov
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634028, Russia; (M.B.P.); (G.A.C.); (V.I.S.); (O.I.A.); (A.M.A.); (O.A.U.); (E.S.T.); (A.A.L.)
- Faculty of Radiophysics, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Galina A. Chernysheva
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634028, Russia; (M.B.P.); (G.A.C.); (V.I.S.); (O.I.A.); (A.M.A.); (O.A.U.); (E.S.T.); (A.A.L.)
| | - Vera I. Smol’yakova
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634028, Russia; (M.B.P.); (G.A.C.); (V.I.S.); (O.I.A.); (A.M.A.); (O.A.U.); (E.S.T.); (A.A.L.)
| | - Oleg I. Aliev
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634028, Russia; (M.B.P.); (G.A.C.); (V.I.S.); (O.I.A.); (A.M.A.); (O.A.U.); (E.S.T.); (A.A.L.)
| | - Anna M. Anishchenko
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634028, Russia; (M.B.P.); (G.A.C.); (V.I.S.); (O.I.A.); (A.M.A.); (O.A.U.); (E.S.T.); (A.A.L.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk 634050, Russia;
| | - Olga A. Ulyakhina
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634028, Russia; (M.B.P.); (G.A.C.); (V.I.S.); (O.I.A.); (A.M.A.); (O.A.U.); (E.S.T.); (A.A.L.)
| | - Eugene S. Trofimova
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634028, Russia; (M.B.P.); (G.A.C.); (V.I.S.); (O.I.A.); (A.M.A.); (O.A.U.); (E.S.T.); (A.A.L.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk 634050, Russia;
| | - Anastasia A. Ligacheva
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634028, Russia; (M.B.P.); (G.A.C.); (V.I.S.); (O.I.A.); (A.M.A.); (O.A.U.); (E.S.T.); (A.A.L.)
| | - Nina D. Anfinogenova
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634012, Russia;
| | - Anton N. Osipenko
- Department of Pharmacology, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk 634050, Russia;
| | - Anastasia R. Kovrizhina
- Kizhner Research Center, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia; (A.R.K.); (A.I.K.)
| | - Andrei I. Khlebnikov
- Kizhner Research Center, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia; (A.R.K.); (A.I.K.)
| | - Igor A. Schepetkin
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA;
| | - Anastasia G. Drozd
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia; (A.G.D.); (E.V.P.)
| | - Evgenii V. Plotnikov
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia; (A.G.D.); (E.V.P.)
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634014, Russia
| | - Dmitriy N. Atochin
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mark T. Quinn
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA;
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Dandekar MP, Yin X, Peng T, Devaraj S, Morales R, McPherson DD, Huang SL. Repetitive xenon treatment improves post-stroke sensorimotor and neuropsychiatric dysfunction. J Affect Disord 2022; 301:315-330. [PMID: 34990636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a life-changing event as stroke survivors experience changes in personality, emotions and mood. We investigated the effect of xenon gas encapsulated in liposomes on stroke-generated sensorimotor impairments, and anxiety- and depression-like phenotypes. Ischemic stroke was created by the intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 6 h followed by reperfusion in rats. Xenon-liposome (6 mg/kg, intravenous) treatment was given multiple times starting at 2 h post-ischemia through 6 h (5X), and once-daily for next 3 days. Rats underwent ischemic injury displayed sensorimotor deficits in the adhesive removal, vibrissae-evoked forelimb placement and rotarod tests. These animals also made lesser entries and spent less time on open arms of the elevated-plus maze and swam more in passive mode in the forced swimming test, indicating anxiety- and depression-like behaviors at 28- and 35-days post-injury, respectively. Repeated intravenous treatment with xenon-liposomes ameliorated these behavioral aberrations (p < 0.05). Gut microbiome analysis (16S ribosomal-RNA gene sequencing) showed a decrease in the Clostridium clusters XI, XIVa, XVIII and Lactobacillus bacterium, and increase of the Prevotella in the xenon-liposome group. No microbiota communities were majorly affected across the treatments. Moreover, xenon treatment group showed augmented plasma levels of IL-6 cytokines (∼5 fold) on day-35 post-ischemia, while no change was noticed in the IL-1β, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13 and MCP-1 levels. Our data highlights the safety, behavioral recovery and reversal of post-stroke brain injury following xenon-liposome treatment in an extended ischemic model. These results show the potential for this treatment strategy to be translated to patients with stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj P Dandekar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA; presently Manoj P. Dandekar is affiliated with Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Xing Yin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sridevi Devaraj
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rodrigo Morales
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA; CIBQA, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins. Santiago, Chile
| | - David D McPherson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shao-Ling Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.
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Taheri F, Sattari E, Hormozi M, Ahmadvand H, Bigdeli MR, Kordestani-Moghadam P, Anbari K, Milanizadeh S, Moghaddasi M. Dose-Dependent Effects of Astaxanthin on Ischemia/Reperfusion Induced Brain Injury in MCAO Model Rat. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:1736-1750. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03565-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Chen M, Chen X, Hu X, Dai J, Sun J. Androgen receptor contributes to microglial/macrophage activation in rats with intracranial hemorrhage by mediating the JMJD3/Botch/Notch1 axis. Neurosci Lett 2021; 765:136283. [PMID: 34624395 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a leading medical problem and has no effective treatment approach up until now. The transcription factor androgen receptor (AR) has been indicated in the cerebrovascular function recently. However, its participation in ICH remains unclear. The present study aims to expound the regulation of AR in microglia/macrophage phenotypes and the secondary brain injury in a rat model with ICH, and to discuss the involved pathway. Following the induction of ICH in rats, we found that ICH led to increased mNSS score, enhanced microglial activity, and promoted levels of inflammatory factors and apoptosis of brain cells. Using microarray analysis, AR was found to be significantly overexpressed in ICH rat brain tissues. AR repressed the transcription of Jumonji d3 (JMJD3, histone 3 demethylase). JMJD3 inhibited the methylation of Botch and promoted the activity of Notch1. JMJD3 hampered microglial activity and ameliorated secondary brain injury in rats, whereas upregulation of AR or downregulation of Botch reversed the protective effects of JMJD3. In conclusion, we found that AR promoted microglial activation and secondary brain injury via transcriptionally repressing JMJD3 and mediating the subsequent Botch/Notch1 pathway, which may provide novel insights into therapeutic options for the treatment of ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maohua Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Dingli Clinical Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Dingli Clinical Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xingzhong Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Dingli Clinical Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Junxia Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Dingli Clinical Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Dingli Clinical Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, PR China.
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8
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Dopico-López A, Pérez-Mato M, da Silva-Candal A, Iglesias-Rey R, Rabinkov A, Bugallo-Casal A, Sobrino T, Mirelman D, Castillo J, Campos F. Inhibition of endogenous blood glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase enhances the ischemic damage. Transl Res 2021; 230:68-81. [PMID: 33132087 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 1 (GOT1) enzyme plays a critical role in the cell metabolism by participating in the carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. In ischemic stroke, we have demonstrated that recombinant GOT1 acts as a novel neuroprotective treatment against the excess of extracellular glutamate that accumulates in the brain following ischemic stroke. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of GOT1 on brain metabolism and on the ischemic damage in a rat model of ischemic stroke by means of a specific antibody developed against this enzyme. Inhibition of GOT1 caused higher brain glutamate and lactate levels and this response was associated with larger ischemic lesion. This study represents the first demonstration that the inhibition of the blood GOT1 activity leads to more severe ischemic damage and poorer outcome and supports the protective role of GOT1 against ischemic insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Dopico-López
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Pérez-Mato
- Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, La Paz University Hospital, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Andrés da Silva-Candal
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ramón Iglesias-Rey
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Aharon Rabinkov
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ana Bugallo-Casal
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Tomás Sobrino
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - David Mirelman
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - José Castillo
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisco Campos
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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9
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Sinke MRT, Otte WM, Meerwaldt AE, Franx BAA, Ali MHM, Rakib F, van der Toorn A, van Heijningen CL, Smeele C, Ahmed T, Blezer ELA, Dijkhuizen RM. Imaging Markers for the Characterization of Gray and White Matter Changes from Acute to Chronic Stages after Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2021; 38:1642-1653. [PMID: 33198560 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2020.7151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite clinical symptoms, a large majority of people with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) have normal computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Therefore, present-day neuroimaging tools are insufficient to diagnose or classify low grades of TBI. Advanced neuroimaging techniques, such as diffusion-weighted and functional MRI, may yield novel biomarkers that may aid in the diagnosis of TBI. Therefore, the present study had two aims: first, to characterize the development of MRI-based measures of structural and functional changes in gray and white matter regions from acute to chronic stages after mild and moderate TBI; and second, to identify the imaging markers that can most accurately predict outcome after TBI. To these aims, 52 rats underwent serial functional (resting-state) and structural (T1-, T2-, and diffusion-weighted) MRI before and 1 h, 1 day, 1 week, 1 month and 3-4 months after mild or moderate experimental TBI. All rats underwent behavioral testing. Histology was performed in subgroups of rats at different time points. Early after moderate TBI, axial and radial diffusivities were increased, and fractional anisotropy was reduced in the corpus callosum and bilateral hippocampi, which normalized over time and was paralleled by recovery of sensorimotor function. Correspondingly, histology revealed decreased myelin staining early after TBI, which was not detected at chronic stages. No significant changes in individual outcome measures were detected after mild TBI. However, multivariate analysis showed a significant additive contribution of diffusion parameters in the distinction between control and different grades of TBI-affected brains. Therefore, combining multiple imaging markers may increase the sensitivity for TBI-related pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel R T Sinke
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. ORCID ID: 0000-0002-8185-9209; 0000-0002-4623-4078
| | - Willem M Otte
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. ORCID ID: 0000-0002-8185-9209; 0000-0002-4623-4078.,UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Child Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. ORCID ID: 0000-0002-8185-9209; 0000-0002-4623-4078
| | - Anu E Meerwaldt
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. ORCID ID: 0000-0002-8185-9209; 0000-0002-4623-4078
| | - Bart A A Franx
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. ORCID ID: 0000-0002-8185-9209; 0000-0002-4623-4078
| | - Mohamed H M Ali
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
| | - Fazle Rakib
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Annette van der Toorn
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. ORCID ID: 0000-0002-8185-9209; 0000-0002-4623-4078
| | - Caroline L van Heijningen
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. ORCID ID: 0000-0002-8185-9209; 0000-0002-4623-4078
| | - Christel Smeele
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. ORCID ID: 0000-0002-8185-9209; 0000-0002-4623-4078
| | - Tariq Ahmed
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
| | - Erwin L A Blezer
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. ORCID ID: 0000-0002-8185-9209; 0000-0002-4623-4078
| | - Rick M Dijkhuizen
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. ORCID ID: 0000-0002-8185-9209; 0000-0002-4623-4078
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10
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Intravenous Administration of Coenzyme Q10 in Acute Period of Cerebral Ischemia Decreases Mortality by Reducing Brain Necrosis and Limiting Its Increase within 4 Days in Rat Stroke Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121240. [PMID: 33297323 PMCID: PMC7762283 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. Coenzyme Q10 has a multi-targeting effect and may protect the brain against ischemic damage. The aim of our study was to evaluate the neuroprotective potential of ubiquinol by its intravenous administration. The study was performed on rats; a stroke was modeled by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. On days 1 and 4 after ischemia, the neurological deficit and volume of the brain lesion were determined by MRI and TTC staining. Intravenous administration of coenzyme Q10 led to a decrease in rat mortality rate, improvement in neurological status, and decrease in the brain necrosis area in acute and delayed period after cerebral ischemia. A single intravenous administration of ubiquinol led to a limitation of the size of the brain damage for at least four days after ischemia. Thus, intravenous administration of coenzyme Q10 has a persistent neuroprotective potential. This finding suggests a possible therapeutic role of ubiquinol in acute ischemic conditions.
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11
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Early Electroacupuncture Extends the rtPA Time Window to 6 h in a Male Rat Model of Embolic Stroke via the ERK1/2-MMP9 Pathway. Neural Plast 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/8851089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) is the only recommended pharmacological treatment for acute ischemic stroke, but it has a restricted therapeutic time window. When administered at time points greater than 4.5 h after stroke onset, rtPA disrupts the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which leads to serious brain edema and hemorrhagic transformation. Electroacupuncture (EA) exerts a neuroprotective effect on cerebral ischemia; however, researchers have not clearly determined whether EA increases the safety of thrombolysis and extends the therapeutic time window of rtPA administration following ischemic stroke. Objective. The present study was conducted to test the hypothesis that EA extends the therapeutic time window of rtPA for ischemic stroke in a male rat model of embolic stroke. Methods. SD rats were randomly divided into the sham operation group, model group, rtPA group, EA+rtPA group, and rtPA+MEK1/2 inhibitor group. An injection of rtPA was administered 6 h after ischemia. Rats were treated with EA at the Shuigou (GV26) and Neiguan (PC6) acupoints at 2 h after ischemia. Neurological function, infarct volume, BBB permeability, brain edema, and hemorrhagic transformation were assessed at 24 h after ischemia. Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining were performed to detect the levels of proteins involved in the ERK1/2 signaling pathway (MEK1/2 and ERK1/2), tight junction proteins (Claudin5 and ZO-1), and MMP9 in the ischemic penumbra at 24 h after stroke. Results. Delayed rtPA treatment aggravated hemorrhagic transformation and brain edema. However, treatment with EA plus rtPA significantly improved neurological function and reduced the infarct volume, hemorrhagic transformation, brain edema, and EB leakage in rats compared with rtPA alone. EA increased the levels of tight junction proteins, inhibited the activation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, and reduced MMP9 overexpression induced by delayed rtPA thrombolysis. Conclusions. EA potentially represents an effective adjunct method to increase the safety of thrombolytic therapy and extend the therapeutic time window of rtPA administration following ischemic stroke. This neuroprotective effect may be mediated by the inhibition of the ERK1/2-MMP9 pathway and alleviation of the destruction of the BBB.
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12
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Noh JE, Oh SH, Park IH, Song J. Intracerebral Transplants of GMP-Grade Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Effectively Treat Subacute-Phase Ischemic Stroke in a Rodent Model. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:546659. [PMID: 33100972 PMCID: PMC7546889 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.546659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In subacute and chronic phases of the stroke, there are no therapeutics available at present to promote functional recovery. Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hUC-MSCs) are one of the candidate cell types for treating subacute-phase stroke. The benefits of cell-based therapy largely depend on the migratory capacity of products administered, as well as their potential for engraftment in targeted tissues and paracrine activities. Timing and delivery modes may also influence the outcomes of stem-cell therapy. Still, the functional recuperative effects of differing hUC-MSC delivery modes, about cell replacement and cell-to-cell paracrine activity levels, have yet to be clarified in subacute phases of stroke.This study was conducted to compare the therapeutic effects of various delivery routes when administering Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)-grade hUC-MSCs in a rodent model of subacute-phase stroke. Cell aliquots (1 × 106) were given to rats as intravenous (IV) injections or intracerebral (IC) transplants 1 week after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). Transplanted rats were examined up to 7 weeks later using various behavioral tests and immunohistochemical analyses. Most IC-transplanted cells survived for short periods (i.e., <4 weeks after receipt) and gradually disappeared, whereas IV-injected cells were undetectable in the brain at the same time points (i.e., 3 days, 4 weeks, or 7 weeks after injection). Although short-lived, IC-transplanted cells effectively improved behavioral deficits, serving to reduce infarct volumes and glial scar formation, increase subventricular counts of proliferating neuroblasts, and promote cerebrovascular ingrowth in ischemic penumbra regions. IV injection, however, failed to improve behavioral function or histologic parameters during the same 7-week time frame. These findings overall suggest that IC transplantation is preferable to IV injection for delivery of hUC-MSCs during subacute phases of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Eun Noh
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hun Oh
- Department of Neurology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - In-Hyun Park
- Department of Genetics, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jihwan Song
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, Seongnam-si, South Korea.,iPS Bio, Inc., Seongnam-si, South Korea
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13
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Mohammadzadeh L, Latifi H, Khaksar S, Feiz MS, Motamedi F, Asadollahi A, Ezzatpour M. Measuring the Frequency-Specific Functional Connectivity Using Wavelet Coherence Analysis in Stroke Rats Based on Intrinsic Signals. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9429. [PMID: 32523058 PMCID: PMC7286921 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66246-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical intrinsic signal imaging (OISi) method is an optical technique to evaluate the functional connectivity (FC) of the cortex in animals. Already, using OISi, the FC of the cortex has been measured in time or frequency domain separately, and at frequencies below 0.08 Hz, which is not in the frequency range of hemodynamic oscillations which are able to track fast cortical events, including neurogenic, myogenic, cardiac and respiratory activities. In the current work, we calculated the wavelet coherence (WC) transform of the OISi time series to evaluate the cerebral response changes in the stroke rats. Utilizing WC, we measured FC at frequencies up to 4.5 Hz, and could monitor the time and frequency dependency of the FC simultaneously. The results showed that the WC of the brain diminished significantly in ischemic motor and somatosensory cortices. According to the statistical results, the signal amplitude, responsive area size, correlation, and wavelet coherence of the motor and the somatosensory cortices for stroke hemisphere were found to be significantly lower compared to the healthy hemisphere. The obtained results confirm that the OISi-based WC analysis is an efficient method to diagnose the relative severity of infarction and the size of the infarcted region after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Mohammadzadeh
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
| | - Hamid Latifi
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran. .,Department of Physics, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983963113, Iran.
| | - Sepideh Khaksar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, 1993893973, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Sadegh Feiz
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Motamedi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1983963113, Iran
| | - Amir Asadollahi
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
| | - Marzieh Ezzatpour
- Department of Physics, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983963113, Iran
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14
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Hanne NJ, Steward AJ, Sessions MR, Thornburg HL, Sheng H, Cole JH. Stroke Prevents Exercise-induced Gains in Bone Microstructure But Not Composition in Mice. J Biomech Eng 2019; 141:1065456. [PMID: 31596925 DOI: 10.1115/1.4045113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke induces rapid loss in bone mineral density up to 13 times greater than during normal aging, leading to markedly increased risk of fracture. Little is known about skeletal changes following stroke beyond density loss. In this study we use a mild-moderate middle cerebral artery occlusion model to determine the effects of ischemic stroke without bedrest on bone microstructure, dynamic bone formation, and tissue composition. Twenty-seven 12-week-old male C57Bl/6J mice received either a stroke or sham surgery and then either received daily treadmill exercise or remained sedentary for four weeks. All mice were ambulatory immediately following stroke, and limb coordination during treadmill exercise was unaffected by stroke, indicating similar mechanical loading across limbs for surgery groups. Stroke did not directly detriment microstructure, but exercise only stimulated adaptation in sham group, not stroke group, with increased bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness in the sham distal femoral metaphysis. Stroke differentially decreased cortical area in the affected limb relative to the unaffected limb of the distal femoral metaphysis, and endosteal bone formation rate in the affected tibial diaphysis. Although exercise failed to improve bone microstructure following stroke, exercise increased mineral-to-matrix content in stroke but not sham. Together, these results show that stroke inhibits exercise-induced changes to femoral microstructure but not tibial composition, even without changes to gait. Similarly, affected-unaffected limb differences in cortical bone structure and bone formation rate in ambulatory mice show that stroke affects bone health even without bedrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Hanne
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; 4130 Engineering Building III, Campus Box 7115, Raleigh, NC 27695-7115
| | - Andrew J Steward
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; 4130 Engineering Building III, Campus Box 7115, Raleigh, NC 27695-7115
| | - Marci R Sessions
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; 4130 Engineering Building III, Campus Box 7115, Raleigh, NC 27695-7115
| | - Hannah L Thornburg
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; 4130 Engineering Building III, Campus Box 7115, Raleigh, NC 27695-7115
| | - Huaxin Sheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; P. O. Box 3094, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Jacqueline H Cole
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; 4130 Engineering Building III, Campus Box 7115, Raleigh, NC 27695-7115
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15
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Choi C, Kim HM, Shon J, Park J, Kim HT, Kang SH, Oh SH, Kim NK, Kim OJ. The combination of mannitol and temozolomide increases the effectiveness of stem cell treatment in a chronic stroke model. Cytotherapy 2019; 20:820-829. [PMID: 29776835 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The blood-brain barrier (BBB) presents a significant challenge to the therapeutic efficacy of stem cells in chronic stroke. Various methods have been developed to increase BBB permeability, but these are associated with adverse effects and are, therefore, not clinically applicable. We recently identified that combination drug treatment of mannitol and temozolomide improved BBB permeability in vitro. Here, we investigated whether this combination could increase the effectiveness of stem cell treatment in an animal model of chronic ischemic stroke. METHODS Chronic stroke was induced in rats by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). After then, rats were administered human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hUC-MSCs) by intravenous injection with or without combination drug treatment of mannitol and temozolomide. To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy, behavioral and immunohistochemical tests were performed, and the differences among control, stem cell only, combination drug only and stem cell with combination drug treatment were analyzed. RESULTS Although no hUC-MSCs were detected in any group, treatment with stem cells and combination drug of mannitol and temozolomide increased the intracerebral delivery of hCD63-positive microvesicles compared with stem cell only treatment. Furthermore, treatment with stem cells and drug combination ameliorated behavioral deficits and increased bromodeoxyuridine-, doublecortin- and Reca-1-positive cells in the perilesional area as compared with other groups. DISCUSSION The combination drug treatment of mannitol and temozolomide allowed for the efficient delivery of hUC-MSC-derived microvesicles into the brain in a chronic stroke rat model. This attenuated behavioral deficits, likely by improving neural regeneration and angiogenesis. Thus, combination drug treatment of mannitol and temozolomide could be a novel therapeutic option for patients with chronic ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunggab Choi
- Department of Neurology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Min Kim
- Department of Neurology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeeheun Shon
- Department of Neurology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiae Park
- Department of Neurology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong-Taek Kim
- Department of Neurology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Ho Kang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hun Oh
- Department of Neurology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Keun Kim
- Institute for Clinical Research, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Institute for Clinical Research, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Yeh SJ, Tang SC, Tsai LK, Jeng JS, Chen CL, Hsieh ST. Neuroanatomy- and Pathology-Based Functional Examinations of Experimental Stroke in Rats: Development and Validation of a New Behavioral Scoring System. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:316. [PMID: 30618667 PMCID: PMC6305474 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In experimental stroke studies, a neuroanatomy-based functional examination of behaviors is critical to predict the pathological extent of infarcts because brain-imaging studies are not always available. However, there is a lack of systematic studies to examine the efficiency of a behavioral test for this purpose. Our work aimed to design a new score for this goal in stroke rats, by simplifying the Garcia score (with subscore 1–6) and adding circling as subscore 7. MRI and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining were used to determine the pathological extent after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. The modified summations of subscores were designed according to the predictability of each subscore for locations and sizes of infarcts in one group of stroke rats, and were validated in another group. The original Garcia score was able to predict the pathological extent of edema-adjusted infarct size ≥30%, and the summation of subscore 4, 6, and 7 (4: climbing, 6: vibrissae sensation, 7: circling) also could predict it well. The original Garcia score failed to predict infarct at the primary motor cortex, while the summation of subscore 4, 6, and 7 potentially could predict not only the primary motor cortex, but also the forelimb, hindlimb, and barrel field regions of the primary sensory cortex. Accordingly, this neuroanatomy-correlated functional assessment system composed of subscore 4, 6, and 7 was proposed, with less examination time and better inter-rater reliability than the original Garcia score. In summary, this new scoring system, summation (4,6,7) score, examined motor and sensory functions based on neuroanatomical involvement, having the potential to predict the pathological extent and specific relevant brain areas of infarcts, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Joe Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Chun Tang
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Kai Tsai
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Shing Jeng
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ling Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Tsang Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center of Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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17
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Santos-Galdiano M, Pérez-Rodríguez D, Anuncibay-Soto B, Font-Belmonte E, Ugidos IF, Pérez-García CC, Fernández-López A. Celecoxib Treatment Improves Neurologic Deficit and Reduces Selective Neuronal Loss and Glial Response in Rats after Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 367:528-542. [PMID: 30291174 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.251264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Areas of selective neuronal loss (SNL) represent the first morphologic signs of damage in the penumbra region and are considered putative targets for ischemic stroke therapy. We performed a novel assessment of measuring the effects of the anti-inflammatory agent celecoxib by analyzing simultaneously the different neural populations (neurons, astrocytes, and microglia cells) in SNL and non-SNL areas. Rats were subjected to 1 hour of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and treated with celecoxib 1 and 24 hours after ischemia. Infarct volume measurements and triple immunostaining of neurons (neuronal nuclear antigen), microglia (ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1), and astroglia were performed after 12 and 48 hours of reperfusion. Motor response was tested by standard behavioral assays at 3, 12, 24, and 48 hours. Confocal analysis revealed that the percentage of SNL areas, microglia densities, and glial activation increased at 48 hours of reperfusion. Celecoxib treatment improved the neurologic deficit, reduced the infarct volume by 50% after 48 hours of reperfusion, and resulted in a reduced percentage of SNL areas and microglia and astroglia reactivity after 48 hours of reperfusion. This study proves, for the first time, that celecoxib presents postischemic neuroprotective effects in a transient MCAO model, prevents or delays the presence of SNL areas, and reduces glial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Santos-Galdiano
- Área de Biología Celular, Instituto de Biomedicina (M.S.-G., D.P.-R., B.A.-S., E.F.-B., I.F.U., A.F.-L.) and Departamento de Medicina, Cirugía y Anatomía Veterinaria (C.C.P.-G.), Universidad de León and Neural Therapies SL, Edificio Institutos de Investigación (B.A.-S.), León, Spain
| | - Diego Pérez-Rodríguez
- Área de Biología Celular, Instituto de Biomedicina (M.S.-G., D.P.-R., B.A.-S., E.F.-B., I.F.U., A.F.-L.) and Departamento de Medicina, Cirugía y Anatomía Veterinaria (C.C.P.-G.), Universidad de León and Neural Therapies SL, Edificio Institutos de Investigación (B.A.-S.), León, Spain
| | - Berta Anuncibay-Soto
- Área de Biología Celular, Instituto de Biomedicina (M.S.-G., D.P.-R., B.A.-S., E.F.-B., I.F.U., A.F.-L.) and Departamento de Medicina, Cirugía y Anatomía Veterinaria (C.C.P.-G.), Universidad de León and Neural Therapies SL, Edificio Institutos de Investigación (B.A.-S.), León, Spain
| | - Enrique Font-Belmonte
- Área de Biología Celular, Instituto de Biomedicina (M.S.-G., D.P.-R., B.A.-S., E.F.-B., I.F.U., A.F.-L.) and Departamento de Medicina, Cirugía y Anatomía Veterinaria (C.C.P.-G.), Universidad de León and Neural Therapies SL, Edificio Institutos de Investigación (B.A.-S.), León, Spain
| | - Irene F Ugidos
- Área de Biología Celular, Instituto de Biomedicina (M.S.-G., D.P.-R., B.A.-S., E.F.-B., I.F.U., A.F.-L.) and Departamento de Medicina, Cirugía y Anatomía Veterinaria (C.C.P.-G.), Universidad de León and Neural Therapies SL, Edificio Institutos de Investigación (B.A.-S.), León, Spain
| | - Carlos César Pérez-García
- Área de Biología Celular, Instituto de Biomedicina (M.S.-G., D.P.-R., B.A.-S., E.F.-B., I.F.U., A.F.-L.) and Departamento de Medicina, Cirugía y Anatomía Veterinaria (C.C.P.-G.), Universidad de León and Neural Therapies SL, Edificio Institutos de Investigación (B.A.-S.), León, Spain
| | - Arsenio Fernández-López
- Área de Biología Celular, Instituto de Biomedicina (M.S.-G., D.P.-R., B.A.-S., E.F.-B., I.F.U., A.F.-L.) and Departamento de Medicina, Cirugía y Anatomía Veterinaria (C.C.P.-G.), Universidad de León and Neural Therapies SL, Edificio Institutos de Investigación (B.A.-S.), León, Spain
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18
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Hao XZ, Yin LK, Tian JQ, Li CC, Feng XY, Yao ZW, Jiang M, Yang YM. Inhibition of Notch1 Signaling at the Subacute Stage of Stroke Promotes Endogenous Neurogenesis and Motor Recovery After Stroke. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:245. [PMID: 30131677 PMCID: PMC6091141 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: It is still not clear whether Notch1 signaling inhibition can promote functional outcomes after stroke, given that it plays time-dependent roles in the sequential process of endogenous neurogenesis. The purpose of this study was to identify the appropriate time frame for Notch1 signaling inhibition according to the temporal evolution of Notch1 signaling activation and the responses of neural stem cells (NSCs), in order to target it for therapeutic intervention and stimulate neurorestorative strategies after stroke. Methods: Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were subjected to 90-min of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Rats were sacrificed before, and at day 1, day 2, day 3, day 4, and day 7 after ischemia for immunohistochemical analysis of the Notch intracellular domain (NICD), Nestin and doublecortin (Dcx). Next, MCAO rats were treated with the γ-secretase inhibitor N-[N-(3,5-di uorophenacetyl)-1-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butylester (DAPT) or with saline at day 4 after ischemia, and subsequently evaluated with behavioral test analysis and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The rat brains were then harvested for immunohistochemical analysis of Dcx, NeuN and myelin basic protein (MBP) at 2, 3, 4, and 8 weeks. Results: Notch1 signaling was maximally activated at day 3 after ischemia in parallel with the temporal evolution of NSCs. Inhibiting Notch1 signaling at day 4 after reperfusion with DAPT further promoted recovery of MRI parameters of the corticospinal tract (CST) and the functional outcomes, concomitantly with an increase in neuroblasts, their migration to the ischemic boundary, and potential differentiation to mature neurons, as well as the amelioration of axonal bundle integrity. Conclusion: Inhibition of Notch1 signaling at the subacute stage of stroke could maximally promote endogenous neurogenesis and axonal reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Zhu Hao
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Le-Kang Yin
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Qi Tian
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chan-Chan Li
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Feng
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Wei Yao
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Mei Yang
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Domin H, Przykaza Ł, Kozniewska E, Boguszewski PM, Śmiałowska M. Neuroprotective effect of the group III mGlu receptor agonist ACPT-I after ischemic stroke in rats with essential hypertension. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:93-101. [PMID: 29438731 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that ACPT-I [(1S, 3R,4S)-1-aminocyclopentane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid], a blood-brain barrier permeable agonist of group III metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors, was neuroprotective against middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) in normotensive rats. Preclinical studies are typically performed on healthy animals, whereas stroke patients predominately exhibit comorbidities, such as hypertension; therefore, in the present study, we investigated the effect of ACPT-I in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) after MCAO/R. We examined the potential neuroprotective action of ACPT-I (30 mg/kg) when administered during occlusion or reperfusion via the assessment of not only the brain infarction volume but also motor (CatWalk gait analysis and open field test) and sensorimotor (vibrissae-evoked forelimb-placing test) functions following MCAO/R. We determined that ACPT-I not only reduced the cortico-striatal infarction but also improved several gait parameters (run speed, run and stand durations, swing speed and stride length) and mobility when administered 30 min after the start of the occlusion or 30 min after the start of reperfusion. Moreover, the sensorimotor function was improved in hypertensive rats treated with ACPT-I during occlusion. In conclusion, the current findings provide further evidence for the neuroprotective effects of ACPT-I against ischemic damage. These findings may have clinical implications because hypertension is an important risk factor for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Domin
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, 31-343 Kraków, Smętna Street 12, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Przykaza
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurosurgery, Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery, A. Pawińskiego Street 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Ewa Kozniewska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurosurgery, Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery, A. Pawińskiego Street 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł M Boguszewski
- Laboratory of Animal Models, Neurobiology Centre, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Śmiałowska
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, 31-343 Kraków, Smętna Street 12, Poland
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20
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Barakat W, Fahmy A, Askar M, El-Kannishy S. Effectiveness of arginase inhibitors against experimentally induced stroke. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2018; 391:603-612. [PMID: 29600431 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1489-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is a lethal disease, but it disables more than it kills. Stroke is the second leading cause of death and the most frequent cause of permanent disability in adults worldwide, with 90% of survivors having residual deficits. The pathophysiology of stroke is complex and involves a strong inflammatory response associated with oxidative stress and activation of several proteolytic enzymes. The current study was designed to investigate the effect of arginase inhibitors (L-citruline and L-ornithine) against ischemic stroke induced in rats by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). MCAO resulted in alteration in rat behavior, brain infarct, and edema associated with disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This was mediated through overexpression of arginase I and II, inducible NOS (iNOS), malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced glycation end products (AGEs), TNF-α, and IL-1β and downregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Treatment with L-citruline and L-ornithine and the standard neuroprotective drug cerebrolysin ameliorated all the deleterious effects of stroke. These results indicate the possible use of arginase inhibitors in the treatment of stroke after suitable clinical trials are done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Barakat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabuk University, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Ahmad Fahmy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Askar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sherif El-Kannishy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabuk University, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Analytical Toxicology - Emergency Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt
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Tian YS, Zhong D, Liu QQ, Zhao XL, Sun HX, Jin J, Wang HN, Li GZ. Upregulation of miR-216a exerts neuroprotective effects against ischemic injury through negatively regulating JAK2/STAT3-involved apoptosis and inflammatory pathways. J Neurosurg 2018; 130:977-988. [PMID: 29521586 DOI: 10.3171/2017.5.jns163165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ischemic stroke remains a significant cause of death and disability in industrialized nations. Janus tyrosine kinase (JAK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway play important roles in the downstream signal pathway regulation of ischemic stroke-related inflammatory neuronal damage. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as major regulators in cerebral ischemic injury; therefore, the authors aimed to investigate the underlying molecular mechanism between miRNAs and ischemic stroke, which may provide potential therapeutic targets for ischemic stroke. METHODS The JAK2- and JAK3-related miRNA (miR-135, miR-216a, and miR-433) expression levels were detected by real-time quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analysis in both oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-treated primary cultured neuronal cells and mouse brain with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-induced ischemic stroke. The miR-135, miR-216a, and miR-433 were determined by bioinformatics analysis that may target JAK2, and miR-216a was further confirmed by 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) dual-luciferase assay. The study further detected cell apoptosis, the level of lactate dehydrogenase, and inflammatory mediators (inducible nitric oxide synthase [iNOS], matrix metalloproteinase-9 [MMP-9], tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], and interleukin-1β [IL-1β]) after cells were transfected with miR-NC (miRNA negative control) or miR-216a mimics and subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) damage with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, annexin V-FITC/PI, Western blots, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detection. Furthermore, neurological deficit detection and neurological behavior grading were performed to determine the infarction area and neurological deficits. RESULTS JAK2 showed its highest level while miR-216a showed its lowest level at day 1 after ischemic reperfusion. However, miR-135 and miR-433 had no obvious change during the process. The luciferase assay data further confirmed that miR-216a can directly target the 3'UTR of JAK2, and overexpression of miR-216a repressed JAK2 protein levels in OGD/R-treated neuronal cells as well as in the MCAO model ischemic region. In addition, overexpression of miR-216a mitigated cell apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo, which was consistent with the effect of knockdown of JAK2. Furthermore, the study found that miR-216a obviously inhibited the inflammatory mediators after OGD/R, including inflammatory enzymes (iNOS and MMP-9) and cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β). Upregulating miR-216a levels reduced ischemic infarction and improved neurological deficit. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that upregulation of miR-216a, which targets JAK2, could induce neuroprotection against ischemic injury in vitro and in vivo, which provides a potential therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.
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Zhang X, Zhou Y, Li H, Wang R, Yang D, Li B, Fu J. Intravenous administration of DPSCs and BDNF improves neurological performance in rats with focal cerebral ischemia. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:3185-3194. [PMID: 29512704 PMCID: PMC5881652 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are considered as an ideal stem cell source for the treatment of neurological diseases. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic potency of DPSCs and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in focal cerebral ischemia using animal models. Following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), rats were randomized into four groups: the BDNF, DPSCs, DPSCs+BDNF and the controls injected with saline. DPSCs were transplanted and BDNF was injected into the DPSCs+BDNF group via the tail vein. The fate of the transplanted DPSCs in rat brains was evaluated using immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, western blot analysis and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Adhesive removal tests and the modified neurological severity scores were used to estimate the restoration of neurological function. Proliferation of intravenously transplanted DPSCs was observed in the peripheral ischemic regions of the MCAO models. A green fluorescent dye PKH67 was used to label cells. PKH67-labeled DPSCs were co-localized with neuronal cell markers and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). DPSC transplantation combined with BDNF induced the expression of neural differentiation markers such as nestin, doublecortin (DCX) and neuronal specific filament (NF-H), suggesting that BDNF enhances the survival of DPSCs and differentiation into neuronal cells. Treatment with DPSCs combined with BDNF promoted the recovery of neurological function more effectively compared with BDNF injection or DPSC transplantation alone. In conclusion, treatment with DPSCs combined with BDNF enhances neurological recovery after stroke suggesting a novel therapeutic strategy against cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Yinglian Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Hulun Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Neurobiology Key Laboratory, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Dan Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Jin Fu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
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Khaksar S, Bigdeli MR. Intra-cerebral cannabidiol infusion-induced neuroprotection is partly associated with the TNF-α/TNFR1/NF-кB pathway in transient focal cerebral ischaemia. Brain Inj 2017; 31:1932-1943. [PMID: 28872345 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2017.1358397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is a neurological disease, which, in addition to high mortality, imposes many financial and mental burdens on families and the society. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of cannabidiol (CBD) on one of the major inflammatory pathways in cerebral ischaemia. METHOD Using stereotaxic surgery, the cannula was implanted into the right lateral ventricle of rats. CBD (50, 100, and 200 ng/rat; i.c.v.) was administrated for five consecutive days. After pretreatment, the rats were subjected to 60 min of right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). After 24 h, neurological deficits score, infarct volume, brain oedema, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability in total, core, and penumbra areas were assessed. The expression of tumour necrosis factor alfa (TNF-α), tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-кB) in the mentioned regions was also studied. RESULTS Administration of CBD (100 and 200 ng/rat) caused a significant reduction in infarction, brain oedema, and BBB permeability compared with the vehicle-received group. Down-regulation of TNF-α, TNFR1, and NF-кB expression was also observed by CBD. CONCLUSION The results achieved in this study support the idea that CBD has a cerebroprotective effect (partly through suppression of TNF-α, TNFR1, and NF-кB) on ischaemic injury. ABBREVIATIONS CBD, cannabidiol; ANOVA, analysis of variance; PVDF, polyvinylidene difluoride; SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; SEM, standard error of mean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Khaksar
- a Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , Shahid Beheshti University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Bigdeli
- a Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , Shahid Beheshti University , Tehran , Iran
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24
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Li G, Liu X, Su Z, Zhang D. Hypothermia exerts early neuroprotective effects involving protein conjugation of SUMO‑2/3 in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:3217-3223. [PMID: 28713891 PMCID: PMC5548067 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
How hypothermia serves an early protective role against cerebral ischemia remains to be determined. The small ubiquitin-related modifier protein (SUMO) functions as a post-translational modification system and SUMO-2/3 subtypes are often activated in early stress. The present study investigated changes in the protein level of SUMO using western blotting and immunocytochemistry when neurons were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in vitro, as well as in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in vivo. The results demonstrated that a large number of proteins were conjugated to SUMO-2/3 in OGD-injured neurons (within 10 min, peaking at 12 h), and was markedly enhanced under conditions of hypothermia (33°C). Concordantly, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and the apoptosis rate, as determined by LDH and TUNEL assays, respectively, were lower in hypothermia-treated neurons. Similar results were obtained in a rat model of MCAO. Neurological deficit scores were lower in the hypothermia group than in the sham group in the early stage of cerebral ischemia (P<0.05). However, no significant differences in neurological deficit scores were detected between the hypothermia group and the sham group in the late stage of ischemia (21 days; P>0.05). This study implicates a role for SUMO-2/3 in early hypothermia-induced neuroprotection against stroke. The development of small molecule therapeutics based on SUMO-2/3 may benefit patients with cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Xiaozhi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin 5th Central Hospital, Tianjin 300450, P.R. China
| | - Zhiguo Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin 5th Central Hospital, Tianjin 300450, P.R. China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
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Ye X, Shen T, Hu J, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Bao L, Cui C, Jin G, Zan K, Zhang Z, Yang X, Shi H, Zu J, Yu M, Song C, Wang Y, Qi S, Cui G. Purinergic 2X7 receptor/NLRP3 pathway triggers neuronal apoptosis after ischemic stroke in the mouse. Exp Neurol 2017; 292:46-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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26
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Wen Z, Xu X, Xu L, Yang L, Xu X, Zhu J, Wu L, Jiang Y, Liu X. Optimization of behavioural tests for the prediction of outcomes in mouse models of focal middle cerebral artery occlusion. Brain Res 2017; 1665:88-94. [PMID: 28435084 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) is the most widely used model of stroke. We aimed to predict the outcome of MCAO using a combination of fine behavioural tests for the prediction of unsuccessful surgery in mice leading to no infarction, haemorrhage and unexpected death. MCAO was performed on adult mice under the guidance of laser-Doppler flowmetry (LDF) to warrant a decrease in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the MCA territory. Four outcomes of MCAO were defined according to histological analysis: infarction, no infarction, haemorrhage and unexpected death (death within 24h post-surgery). Fine behavioural tests including the rotarod, modified neurological severity score (mNSS), Clark general and Clark focal tests were performed separately at 6h, 12h and 24h post-stroke. A total of 94 mice were included in the analysis. The infarction rate associated with MCAO was 58.5% (55/94). After optimization of the timing and behavioural tests, we found that higher Clark focal (>17.5) or higher mNSS scores (>10) were markedly related to early death, whereas a lower mNSS score (<3.5) was indicative of a tendency to show no infarction at 6h post-stroke. After 24h post-stroke, there was a positive correlation between the infarct volume and Clark focal results. Behavioural tests could help to predict the outcomes in the MCAO mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyu Wen
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaomeng Xu
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lili Xu
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lian Yang
- Department of Neurology, Central Hospital of Shaoyang, Shaoyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juehua Zhu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Wu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongjun Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Effects of Neural Stem Cell and Olfactory Ensheathing Cell Co-transplants on Tissue Remodelling After Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia in the Adult Rat. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:1599-1609. [PMID: 28120153 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2098-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Effective transplant-mediated repair of ischemic brain lesions entails extensive tissue remodeling, especially in the ischemic core. Neural stem cells (NSCs) are promising reparative candidates for stroke induced lesions, however, their survival and integration with the host-tissue post-transplantation is poor. In this study, we address this challenge by testing whether co-grafting of NSCs with olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), a special type of glia with proven neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, and angiogenic effects, can promote graft survival and host tissue remodelling. Transient focal cerebral ischemia was induced in adult rats by a 60-min middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) followed by reperfusion. Ischemic lesions were verified by neurological testing and magnetic resonance imaging. Transplantation into the globus pallidus of NSCs alone or in combination with OECs was performed at two weeks post-MCAo, followed by histological analyses at three weeks post-transplantation. We found evidence of extensive vascular remodelling in the ischemic core as well as evidence of NSC motility away from the graft and into the infarct border in severely lesioned animals co-grafted with OECs. These findings support a possible role of OECs as part of an in situ tissue engineering paradigm for transplant mediated repair of ischemic brain lesions.
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28
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Stvolinsky SL, Fedorova TN, Devyatov AA, Medvedev OS, Belousova MA, Ryzhkov IN, Tutelyan VA. A neuroprotective action of carnosine in conditions of experimental focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2017; 117:60-64. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro201711712260-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Khaksar S, Bigdeli MR. Anti-excitotoxic effects of cannabidiol are partly mediated by enhancement of NCX2 and NCX3 expression in animal model of cerebral ischemia. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 794:270-279. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Intravenous Treatment With Coenzyme Q10 Improves Neurological Outcome and Reduces Infarct Volume After Transient Focal Brain Ischemia in Rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2016; 67:103-9. [PMID: 26371950 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) crosses the blood-brain barrier when administered intravenously and accumulates in the brain. In this study, we investigated whether CoQ10 protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury by measuring neurological function and brain infarct volumes in a rat model of transient focal cerebral ischemia. In male Wistar rats, we performed transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) for 60 minutes, followed by reperfusion for 24 hours or 7 days. Forty-five minutes after the onset of occlusion (or 15 minutes before reperfusion), rats received a single intravenous injection of solubilized CoQ10 (30 mg·mL(-1)·kg(-1)) or saline (2 mL/kg). Sensory and motor function scores and body weights were obtained before the rats were killed by decapitation, and brain infarct volumes were calculated using tetrazolium chloride staining. CoQ10 brain levels were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. CoQ10 significantly improved neurological behavior and reduced weight loss up to 7 days after tMCAO (P < 0.05). Furthermore, CoQ10 reduced cerebral infarct volumes by 67% at 24 hours after tMCAO and 35% at 7 days (P < 0.05). Cerebral ischemia resulted in a significant reduction in endogenous CoQ10 in both hemispheres (P < 0.05). However, intravenous injection of solubilized CoQ10 resulted in its increase in both hemispheres at 24 hours and in the contralateral hemisphere at 7 days (P < 0.05). Our results demonstrate that CoQ10 is a robust neuroprotective agent against ischemia-reperfusion brain injury in rats, improving both functional and morphological indices of brain damage.
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31
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Zhang HT, Zhang P, Gao Y, Li CL, Wang HJ, Chen LC, Feng Y, Li RY, Li YL, Jiang CL. Early VEGF inhibition attenuates blood-brain barrier disruption in ischemic rat brains by regulating the expression of MMPs. Mol Med Rep 2016; 15:57-64. [PMID: 27909732 PMCID: PMC5355683 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibition has been demonstrated to be an effective strategy in preserving the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Loss of the BBB is the key event associated with morbidity and mortality in these patients. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In the present study, the effects of VEGF inhibition and the possible mechanism that underlies acute cerebral ischemia in rats was investigated. Following the induction of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion for a 90-min period, either an anti-VEGF neutralizing antibody (RB-222; 5 or 10 µg), or IgG (control), was administered by intracerebroventricular injection at 1 h following reperfusion. Functional outcomes, BBB leakage, brain edema, microvessel numbers and the relative protein levels of VEGF, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, occludin and collagen-IV were then determined using neurological assessments, Evans Blue staining, brain water content, CD31 staining and western blotting. Treatment with RB-222 at a dose of 5 and 10 µg significantly improved neurological functional outcomes and diminished infarct size, BBB leakage and brain edema compared with the MCAO and IgG groups at 24 h following reperfusion; 10 µg RB-222 was more effective than a 5 µg dose of the antibody. In addition, RB-222 reduced the number of immature microvessels, which subsequently attenuated BBB permeability. RB-222 significantly repressed VEGF expression as well as decreased MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression. However, it enhanced occludin and collagen-IV levels in the ischemic rat brain compared with the MCAO and IgG groups. Taken together, the results indicate that early inhibition of VEGF may have significant potential against cerebral ischemia, partly by regulating the expression of MMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Tao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Yi Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, P.R. China
| | - Chen-Long Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Jun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Chao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Yan Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Rui-Yan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Li Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Chuan-Lu Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
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Belousova MA, Tokareva OG, Gorodetskaya EA, Kalenikova EI, Medvedev OS. Neuroprotective Effectiveness of Intravenous Ubiquinone in Rat Model of Irreversible Cerebral Ischemia. Bull Exp Biol Med 2016; 161:245-7. [PMID: 27383171 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-016-3387-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The neuroprotective effect of ubiquinone (coenzyme Q10)was demonstrated on the rats model of ischemic stroke provoked by persistent 24-h occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Coenzyme Q10 (30 mg/kg) was injected intravenously in 60 min after artery occlusion. Ubiquinone crossed the blood-brain barrier, accumulated in the brain, and produced a neuroprotective effect: it alleviated ischemia-induced neurological deficit and reduced the size of necrotic zone by 49% in comparison with rats receiving physiological saline.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Belousova
- Fundamental Medicine Faculty, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - O G Tokareva
- Fundamental Medicine Faculty, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - E A Gorodetskaya
- Fundamental Medicine Faculty, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - E I Kalenikova
- Fundamental Medicine Faculty, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - O S Medvedev
- Fundamental Medicine Faculty, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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Hao XZ, Yin LK, Zhang XX, Tian JQ, Li CC, Feng XY, Jiang M, Yang YM. Combining systemic and stereotactic MEMRI to detect the correlation between gliosis and neuronal connective pathway at the chronic stage after stroke. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:156. [PMID: 27316350 PMCID: PMC4912752 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0622-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The early dysfunction and subsequent recovery after stroke, characterized by the destruction and remodeling of connective pathways between cortex and subcortical regions, is associated with neuroinflammation. As major components of the inflammatory process, reactive astrocytes have double-edged effects on pathological progression. The temporal patterns of astrocyte and neuronal pathway activity can be revealed by systemic and stereotactic manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI), respectively. In the present study, we aimed to detect an association between astrocyte activity and recovery of neuronal connective pathways by combining systemic with stereotactic MEMRI. METHODS Fifty adult rats, divided into two groups, underwent a 60-min occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. The groups were given either a systemic administration or stereotactic injection of MnCl2 at 1, 3, 7, and 14 days after stroke and underwent MRI 4 and 2 days later, respectively. Immunofluorescence (IF) of group 1 was conducted to corroborate the results. Repetitive behavioral testing was also performed with all rats at 1, 3, 7, and 14 days to obtain a functional score. RESULTS Ring- or crescent-shaped enhancements formed in the striatal peri-infarct regions (STR) at 11 and 18 days. This was concurrent with the activity of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive astrocytes, which mainly localized at the peri-infarct region and significantly increased in number at 11 and 18 days after stroke. Microglia/macrophages, detected by IF, mainly localized in the lesion core, rather than in the region of enhancement. The ipsilateral substantia nigra (SN) revealed Mn-related signal enhancement reduction and subsequent signs of the recovery process at 3 to 5 days and 9 to 16 days, respectively. Behavioral testing showed that sensorimotor functions were initially disturbed, but subsequently recovered at 7 and 14 days. CONCLUSIONS We found a positive temporal correlation between astrogliosis and the recovery of neuronal connective pathways at the chronic stage by using the in vivo method of MEMRI. Our results highlighted the potential contribution of astrocytes to the neuronal recovery of these connective pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-zhu Hao
- />Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Le-kang Yin
- />Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Xiao-xue Zhang
- />Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Jia-qi Tian
- />Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Chan-chan Li
- />Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Xiao-yuan Feng
- />Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Min Jiang
- />Institutes of Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Yan-mei Yang
- />Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040 China
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Bachour SP, Hevesi M, Bachour O, Sweis BM, Mahmoudi J, Brekke JA, Divani AA. Comparisons between Garcia, Modo, and Longa rodent stroke scales: Optimizing resource allocation in rat models of focal middle cerebral artery occlusion. J Neurol Sci 2016; 364:136-40. [PMID: 27084232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The use of rodent stroke models allow for the understanding of stroke pathophysiology. There is currently no gold standard neurological assessment to measure deficits and recovery from stroke in rodent models. Agreement on a universal preclinical stroke scale allows for comparison of the outcomes among conducted studies. The present study aimed to compare three routinely used neurological assessments in rodent studies (i.e., Garcia, Modo, and Longa) to determine which is most effective for accurately and consistently quantifying neurological deficits in the context of focal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) in rats. Focal MCAo was induced in 22 male Wistar rats using a novel transfemoral approach. Rodents were assessed for neurological deficit pre-injury as well as 3 and 24h post-injury. Data was analyzed to determine Pearson correlation coefficients in addition to McNemar's χ(2) values between each pair of neurological assessments. All three stroke scales, Garcia, Modo, and Longa, showed statistically significant changes between the baseline and the 3-hour neurological assessments. A trend towards neurological recovery was observed in all three stroke scales between the 3 and 24-hour endpoints. The three scales were highly correlated with each other, with Garcia and Modo having the strongest correlation. Of the three pairwise analyses, the comparison between the Garcia and Longa tests demonstrated the highest McNemar's χ(2) value, indicating least marginal homogeneity between these two tests. The combination of high correlation between Garcia and Modo tests along with greatest marginal heterogeneity observed between the Garcia and Longa test lead us to recommend the use of Garcia and Longa neurological scales when researchers are hoping to capture the broadest range of neurological factors using only two stroke scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salam P Bachour
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Mario Hevesi
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Medical School, Twin Cities Campus, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Ornina Bachour
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Medical School, Twin Cities Campus, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Brian M Sweis
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Medical School, Twin Cities Campus, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Julia A Brekke
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Afshin A Divani
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
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Hadadha M, Vakili A, Bandegi AR. Effect of the Inhibition of Hydrogen Sulfide Synthesis on Ischemic Injury and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in a Transient Model of Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2015; 24:2676-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2015.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Fluri F, Grünstein D, Cam E, Ungethuem U, Hatz F, Schäfer J, Samnick S, Israel I, Kleinschnitz C, Orts-Gil G, Moch H, Zeis T, Schaeren-Wiemers N, Seeberger P. Fullerenols and glucosamine fullerenes reduce infarct volume and cerebral inflammation after ischemic stroke in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Exp Neurol 2015; 265:142-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chi W, Meng F, Li Y, Wang Q, Wang G, Han S, Wang P, Li J. Downregulation of miRNA-134 protects neural cells against ischemic injury in N2A cells and mouse brain with ischemic stroke by targeting HSPA12B. Neuroscience 2014; 277:111-22. [PMID: 25003713 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as a major regulator in neurological diseases, and understanding their molecular mechanism in modulating cerebral ischemic injury may provide potential therapeutic targets for ischemic stroke. However, as one of 19 differentially expressed miRNAs in mouse brain with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), the role of miR-134 in ischemic injury is not well understood. In this study, the miR-134 expression level was manipulated both in oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-treated N2A neuroblastoma cells in vitro and mouse brain with MCAO-induced ischemic stroke in vivo, and its possible targets of heat shock protein A5 (HSPA5) and HSPA12B were determined by bioinformatics analysis and dual luciferase assay. The results showed that overexpression of miR-134 exacerbated cell death and apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, downregulating miR-134 levels reduced cell death and apoptosis. Furthermore, non-expression of miR-134 enhanced HSPA12B protein levels in OGD-treated N2A cells as well as in the ischemic region. It could attenuate brain infarction size and neural cell damage, and improve neurological outcomes in mice with ischemic stroke, whereas upregulation of miR-134 had the opposite effect. In addition, HSPA12B was validated to be a target of miR-134 and its short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) could block miR-134 inhibitor-induced neuroprotection in OGD-treated N2A cells. In conclusion, downregulation of miR-134 could induce neuroprotection against ischemic injury in vitro and in vivo by negatively upregulating HSPA12B protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Chi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang City 261053, Shangdong Province, PR China
| | - F Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong University Affiliated Jinan City Central Hospital, Jinan 250013, PR China.
| | - Y Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong University Affiliated Jinan City Central Hospital, Jinan 250013, PR China
| | - Q Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong University Affiliated Jinan City Central Hospital, Jinan 250013, PR China
| | - G Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang City 261053, Shangdong Province, PR China
| | - S Han
- Department of Neurobiology and Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - P Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - J Li
- Department of Neurobiology and Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
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Kronenberg G, Gertz K, Heinz A, Endres M. Of mice and men: modelling post-stroke depression experimentally. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:4673-89. [PMID: 24838087 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
At least one-third of stroke survivors suffer from depression. The development of comorbid depression after stroke is clinically highly significant because post-stroke depression is associated with increased mortality, slows recovery and leads to worse functional outcomes. Here, we review the evidence that post-stroke depression can be effectively modelled in experimental rodents via a variety of approaches. This opens an exciting new window onto the neurobiology of depression and permits probing potential underlying mechanisms such as disturbed cellular plasticity, neuroendocrine dysregulation, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration in a novel context. From the point of view of translational stroke research, extending the scope of experimental investigations beyond the study of short-term end points and, in particular, acute lesion size, may help improve the relevance of preclinical results to human disease. Furthermore, accumulating evidence from both clinical and experimental studies offers the tantalizing prospect of 5-hydroxytryptaminergic antidepressants as the first pharmacological therapy for stroke that would be available during the subacute and chronic phases of recovery. Interdisciplinary neuropsychiatric research will be called on to dissect the mechanisms underpinning the beneficial effects of antidepressants on stroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kronenberg
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Lu L, Barfejani AH, Qin T, Dong Q, Ayata C, Waeber C. Fingolimod exerts neuroprotective effects in a mouse model of intracerebral hemorrhage. Brain Res 2014; 1555:89-96. [PMID: 24502984 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that fingolimod (FTY720) is neuroprotective in CNS injury models of cerebral ischemia and spinal cord injury. The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of fingolimod in a mouse model of intracerebral hemorrhage. ICH was produced in adult CD1 mice by injecting collagenase VII-S (0.5 µL, 0.06 U) into the basal ganglia. Fingolimod (or saline) was given 30 min after surgery and once daily for two days. Three days after intracerebral hemorrhage, brain edema, hematoma volume and the number of apoptotic cells were quantified. In another cohort of mice, brain atrophy was evaluated two weeks following intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurobehavioral tests were performed on the 3rd, the 7th and the 14th day. Fingolimod significantly decreased edema, apoptosis and brain atrophy. More importantly, fingolimod enhanced neurobehavioral recovery. Preliminary experiments showed no difference in the number of inflammatory (CD68-positive) cells between the two groups. In conclusion, fingolimod exerts protective effects in a mouse model of intracerebral hemorrhage; the mechanisms underlying these neuroprotective effects deserve further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lu
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Arnavaz Hajizadeh Barfejani
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Bouvé College of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tao Qin
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Cenk Ayata
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Christian Waeber
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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Vakili A, Einali MR, Bandegi AR. Protective Effect of Crocin against Cerebral Ischemia in a Dose-dependent Manner in a Rat Model of Ischemic Stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2012.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Vakili A, Sharifat S, Akhavan MM, Bandegi AR. Effect of lavender oil (Lavandula angustifolia) on cerebral edema and its possible mechanisms in an experimental model of stroke. Brain Res 2013; 1548:56-62. [PMID: 24384140 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lavender belongs to the family Labiatae and has a variety of cosmetic uses as well as therapeutic purposes in herbal medicine. The present study was conducted to evaluate the protective effect of lavender oil against brain edema and its possible mechanisms in an experimental model of stroke. Under Laser-Doppler Flowmetry, focal cerebral ischemia was induced by the transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery for 1h in rats. Lavender oil (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg ip (and/or vehicle was injected at the onset of ischemia. Infarct size, cerebral edema, functional outcome, and oxidative stress biomarkers were evaluated using standard methods. Western blotting was used to determine the protein expression of VEGF, Bax, and Bcl-2. Treatment with lavender oil at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly diminished infarct size, brain edema, and improved functional outcome after cerebral ischemia (P<0.001). Lavender oil (200 mg/kg) also reduced the content of malondialdehyde and increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and total antioxidant capacity (P<0.001). Although lavender oil enhanced VEGF expression (P=0.026), it could not decrease the Bax-to-Bcl-2 ratio (pro- to anti-apoptotic proteins) in the rat brain (P>0.05). The results indicated that lavender oil has neuroprotective activity against cerebral ischemia and alleviated neurological function in rats, and the mechanism may be related to augmentation in endogenous antioxidant defense, inhibiting oxidative stress, and increasing VEGF expression in the rat brain. However, lavender oil could not suppress the apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abedin Vakili
- Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Research, Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Shaghayegh Sharifat
- Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Research, Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Maziar Mohammad Akhavan
- Skin Research Center-Laboratory of Protein and Enzyme, Shahid Beheshti University (M.C.), Shohada-e Tajrish Hospital, Shahrdari St., 1989934148 Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Bandegi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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Effects of pretreatment with a combination of melatonin and electroacupuncture in a rat model of transient focal cerebral ischemia. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:953162. [PMID: 24348730 PMCID: PMC3853035 DOI: 10.1155/2013/953162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Both melatonin and electroacupuncture (EA) have been suggested to be effective treatments against stroke. However, it is unknown whether a combination of these two therapies could be beneficial against transient focal cerebral ischemia. The present study investigated the effects of pretreatment of a combination of melatonin and EA in a rat model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). After pretreatment of melatonin plus EA (MEA), transient MCAO was induced for 90 minutes in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The neurological deficit score, brain infarct volume, cerebral edema ratio, neuronal inflammation, and apoptosis were evaluated 24 hours after transient MCAO. The expression of related inflammatory and apoptotic mediators in the brain was also investigated. The results showed that MEA improved neurological outcome, reduced brain infarct volume, and inhibited neuronal inflammation as well as apoptosis 24 hours after transient MCAO. The beneficial effects may derive from downregulation of proinflammatory and proapoptotic mediators and upregulation of antiapoptotic mediators. Thus, these results suggest a preventive effect of pretreatment of MEA on transient focal cerebral ischemia.
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Linden J, Fassotte L, Tirelli E, Plumier JC, Ferrara A. Assessment of behavioral flexibility after middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice. Behav Brain Res 2013; 258:127-37. [PMID: 24157337 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) is the most common animal model of cerebral ischemia and induces various functional impairments. Long-lasting deficits resulting from MCAO however, remain insufficiently characterized, especially regarding cognition. Yet, behavioral flexibility, a prominent cognitive process is found impaired after stroke in humans. We thus used an operant-based task to assess behavioral flexibility in mice after MCAO. Three weeks after 30 min MCAO surgery, mice were subjected to a battery of sensorimotor tests (rotarod, vertical pole test, spontaneous locomotion and grip-strength test). Behavioral flexibility was then assessed in an operant task, in which mice, rewarded according to a FR5 schedule of reinforcement, had to alternate their operant responses between two levers from trial to trial. Regarding sensory and motor functioning, only the pole test yielded a significant difference between MCAO and sham mice. In the operant flexibility task, results showed a behavioral flexibility deficit in MCAO mice; neither the operant response acquisition nor the appeal for food rewards was altered. In conclusion, our operant-based task revealed a long-lasting behavioral flexibility deficit after MCAO in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Linden
- Département de Psychologie, Cognition et Comportement, Université de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
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Li S, Shi Z, Zhang H, Liu X, Chen S, Jin J, Wang Y, Jia W, Li H. Assessing gait impairment after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats using an automated computer-aided control system. Behav Brain Res 2013; 250:174-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 04/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Shen H, Wu X, Zhu Y, Sun H. Intravenous administration of achyranthes bidentata polypeptides supports recovery from experimental ischemic stroke in vivo. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57055. [PMID: 23468912 PMCID: PMC3582638 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Achyranthes bidentata Blume (A. bidentata) is a commonly prescribed Chinese medicinal herb. A. bidentata polypeptides (ABPP) is an active composite constituent, separated from the aqueous extract of A. bidentata. Our previous studies have found that ABPP have the neuroprotective function in vitro and in rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model in attenuating the brain infract area induced by focal ischemia-reperfusion. However, the ultimate goal of the stroke treatment is the restoration of behavioral function. Identifying behavioral deficits and therapeutic treatments in animal models of ischemic stroke is essential for potential translational applications. Methodology and Principal Findings The effect of ABPP on motor, sensory, and cognitive function in an ischemic stroke model with MCAO was investigated up to day 30. The function recovery monitored by the neurological deficit score, grip test, body asymmetry, beam-balancing task, and the Morris Water Maze. In this study, systemic administration of ABPP by i.v after MCAO decreased the neurological deficit score, ameliorated the forepaw muscle strength, and diminished the motor and sensory asymmetry on 7th and 30th day after MCAO. MCAO has been observed to cause prolonged disturbance of spatial learning and memory in rats using the MWM, and ABPP treatment could improve the spatial learning and memory function, which is impaired by MCAO in rats, on 30th day after MCAO. Then, the viable cells in CA1 region of hippocampus were counted by Nissl staining, and the neuronal cell death were significantly suppressed in the ABPP treated group. Conclusion ABPP could improve the recovery of sensory, motor and coordination, and cognitive function in MCAO-induced ischemic rats. And this recovery had a good correlation to the less of neuronal injury in brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration and Institute of Nautical Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
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Tiebosch IACW, Crielaard BJ, Bouts MJRJ, Zwartbol R, Salas-Perdomo A, Lammers T, Planas AM, Storm G, Dijkhuizen RM. Combined treatment with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator and dexamethasone phosphate-containing liposomes improves neurological outcome and restricts lesion progression after embolic stroke in rats. J Neurochem 2012; 123 Suppl 2:65-74. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2012.07945.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivo A. C. W. Tiebosch
- Biomedical MR Imaging & Spectroscopy Group; Image Sciences Institute; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht; The Netherlands
| | - Bart J. Crielaard
- Department of Pharmaceutics; Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences; Utrecht University; Utrecht; The Netherlands
| | - Mark J. R. J. Bouts
- Biomedical MR Imaging & Spectroscopy Group; Image Sciences Institute; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht; The Netherlands
| | - René Zwartbol
- Biomedical MR Imaging & Spectroscopy Group; Image Sciences Institute; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht; The Netherlands
| | - Angelica Salas-Perdomo
- Department of Brain Ischemia and Neurodegeneration; Institute for Biomedical Research of Barcelona; Spanish Research Council (CSIC); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Barcelona; Spain
| | | | - Anna M. Planas
- Department of Brain Ischemia and Neurodegeneration; Institute for Biomedical Research of Barcelona; Spanish Research Council (CSIC); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Barcelona; Spain
| | | | - Rick M. Dijkhuizen
- Biomedical MR Imaging & Spectroscopy Group; Image Sciences Institute; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht; The Netherlands
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Chang DJ, Lee N, Park IH, Choi C, Jeon I, Kwon J, Oh SH, Shin DA, Do JT, Lee DR, Lee H, Moon H, Hong KS, Daley GQ, Song J. Therapeutic potential of human induced pluripotent stem cells in experimental stroke. Cell Transplant 2012; 22:1427-40. [PMID: 23044029 DOI: 10.3727/096368912x657314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke mainly caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) is a major type of stroke, but there are currently very limited therapeutic options for its cure. Neural stem cells (NSCs) or neural precursor cells (NPCs) derived from various sources are known to survive and improve neurological functions when they are engrafted in animal models of stroke. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) generated from somatic cells of patients are novel cells that promise the autologous cell therapy for stroke. In this study, we successfully differentiated iPSCs derived from human fibroblasts into NPCs and found their robust therapeutic potential in a rodent MCAo stroke model. We observed the significant graft-induced behavioral recovery, as well as extensive neural tissue formation. Animal MRI results indicated that the majority of contralaterally transplanted iPSC-derived NPCs migrated to the peri-infarct area, showing a pathotropism critical for tissue recovery. The transplanted animals exhibited the significant reduction of stroke-induced inflammatory response, gliosis and apoptosis, and the contribution to the endogenous neurogenesis. Our results demonstrate that iPSC-derived NPCs are effective cells for the treatment of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Jeong Chang
- CHA Stem Cell Institute, Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
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Chang DJ, Lee N, Choi C, Jeon I, Oh SH, Shin DA, Hwang TS, Lee HJ, Kim SU, Moon H, Hong KS, Kang KS, Song J. Therapeutic effect of BDNF-overexpressing human neural stem cells (HB1.F3.BDNF) in a rodent model of middle cerebral artery occlusion. Cell Transplant 2012; 22:1441-52. [PMID: 23044072 DOI: 10.3727/096368912x657323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke mainly caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) represents the major type of stroke; however, there are still very limited therapeutic options for the stroke-damaged patients. In this study, we evaluated the neurogenic and therapeutic potentials of human neural stem cells (NSCs) overexpressing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (HB1.F3.BDNF) following transplantation into a rodent model of MCAo. F3.BDNF human NSCs (F3.BDNF) were transplanted into the contralateral side of striatum at 7 days after MCAo, and the transplanted animals were monitored up to 8 weeks using animal MRI and various behavioral tests before they were sacrificed for immunohistochemical analysis. Interestingly, animal MRI results indicate that the majority of contralaterally transplanted neural stem cells were migrated to the peri-infarct area, showing a pathotropism. Transplanted animals exhibited significant behavioral improvements in stepping, rotarod, and modified neurological severity score (mNSS) tests. We also found that the transplanted human cells were colocalized with nestin, DCX, MAP2, DARPP-32, TH, GAD65/67-positive cells, of which results can be correlated with neural regeneration and behavioral recovery in the transplanted animals. More importantly, we were able to detect high levels of human BDNF protein expression, presumably derived from the transplanted F3.BDNF. Taken together, these results provide strong evidence that human neural stem cells (F3.BDNF) are effective in treating stroke animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Jeong Chang
- CHA Stem Cell Institute, Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
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Heydenreich N, Nolte MW, Göb E, Langhauser F, Hofmeister M, Kraft P, Albert-Weissenberger C, Brede M, Varallyay C, Göbel K, Meuth SG, Nieswandt B, Dickneite G, Stoll G, Kleinschnitz C. C1-Inhibitor Protects From Brain Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Combined Antiinflammatory and Antithrombotic Mechanisms. Stroke 2012; 43:2457-67. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.112.660340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Heydenreich
- From the Department of Neurology (N.H., E.G., F.L., P.K., C.A.W., G.S., C.K.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; CSL Behring GmbH (M.W.N., M.H., G.D.), Marburg, Germany; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (M.B.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (C.V.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neurology–Inflammatory Disorders of the Nervous System and Neurooncology (K.G., S.G.M.), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Marc W. Nolte
- From the Department of Neurology (N.H., E.G., F.L., P.K., C.A.W., G.S., C.K.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; CSL Behring GmbH (M.W.N., M.H., G.D.), Marburg, Germany; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (M.B.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (C.V.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neurology–Inflammatory Disorders of the Nervous System and Neurooncology (K.G., S.G.M.), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Eva Göb
- From the Department of Neurology (N.H., E.G., F.L., P.K., C.A.W., G.S., C.K.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; CSL Behring GmbH (M.W.N., M.H., G.D.), Marburg, Germany; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (M.B.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (C.V.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neurology–Inflammatory Disorders of the Nervous System and Neurooncology (K.G., S.G.M.), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Friederike Langhauser
- From the Department of Neurology (N.H., E.G., F.L., P.K., C.A.W., G.S., C.K.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; CSL Behring GmbH (M.W.N., M.H., G.D.), Marburg, Germany; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (M.B.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (C.V.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neurology–Inflammatory Disorders of the Nervous System and Neurooncology (K.G., S.G.M.), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Marion Hofmeister
- From the Department of Neurology (N.H., E.G., F.L., P.K., C.A.W., G.S., C.K.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; CSL Behring GmbH (M.W.N., M.H., G.D.), Marburg, Germany; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (M.B.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (C.V.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neurology–Inflammatory Disorders of the Nervous System and Neurooncology (K.G., S.G.M.), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Peter Kraft
- From the Department of Neurology (N.H., E.G., F.L., P.K., C.A.W., G.S., C.K.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; CSL Behring GmbH (M.W.N., M.H., G.D.), Marburg, Germany; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (M.B.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (C.V.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neurology–Inflammatory Disorders of the Nervous System and Neurooncology (K.G., S.G.M.), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christiane Albert-Weissenberger
- From the Department of Neurology (N.H., E.G., F.L., P.K., C.A.W., G.S., C.K.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; CSL Behring GmbH (M.W.N., M.H., G.D.), Marburg, Germany; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (M.B.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (C.V.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neurology–Inflammatory Disorders of the Nervous System and Neurooncology (K.G., S.G.M.), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Marc Brede
- From the Department of Neurology (N.H., E.G., F.L., P.K., C.A.W., G.S., C.K.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; CSL Behring GmbH (M.W.N., M.H., G.D.), Marburg, Germany; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (M.B.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (C.V.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neurology–Inflammatory Disorders of the Nervous System and Neurooncology (K.G., S.G.M.), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Csanad Varallyay
- From the Department of Neurology (N.H., E.G., F.L., P.K., C.A.W., G.S., C.K.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; CSL Behring GmbH (M.W.N., M.H., G.D.), Marburg, Germany; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (M.B.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (C.V.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neurology–Inflammatory Disorders of the Nervous System and Neurooncology (K.G., S.G.M.), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Kerstin Göbel
- From the Department of Neurology (N.H., E.G., F.L., P.K., C.A.W., G.S., C.K.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; CSL Behring GmbH (M.W.N., M.H., G.D.), Marburg, Germany; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (M.B.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (C.V.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neurology–Inflammatory Disorders of the Nervous System and Neurooncology (K.G., S.G.M.), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sven G. Meuth
- From the Department of Neurology (N.H., E.G., F.L., P.K., C.A.W., G.S., C.K.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; CSL Behring GmbH (M.W.N., M.H., G.D.), Marburg, Germany; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (M.B.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (C.V.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neurology–Inflammatory Disorders of the Nervous System and Neurooncology (K.G., S.G.M.), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- From the Department of Neurology (N.H., E.G., F.L., P.K., C.A.W., G.S., C.K.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; CSL Behring GmbH (M.W.N., M.H., G.D.), Marburg, Germany; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (M.B.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (C.V.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neurology–Inflammatory Disorders of the Nervous System and Neurooncology (K.G., S.G.M.), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Gerhard Dickneite
- From the Department of Neurology (N.H., E.G., F.L., P.K., C.A.W., G.S., C.K.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; CSL Behring GmbH (M.W.N., M.H., G.D.), Marburg, Germany; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (M.B.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (C.V.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neurology–Inflammatory Disorders of the Nervous System and Neurooncology (K.G., S.G.M.), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Guido Stoll
- From the Department of Neurology (N.H., E.G., F.L., P.K., C.A.W., G.S., C.K.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; CSL Behring GmbH (M.W.N., M.H., G.D.), Marburg, Germany; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (M.B.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (C.V.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neurology–Inflammatory Disorders of the Nervous System and Neurooncology (K.G., S.G.M.), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christoph Kleinschnitz
- From the Department of Neurology (N.H., E.G., F.L., P.K., C.A.W., G.S., C.K.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; CSL Behring GmbH (M.W.N., M.H., G.D.), Marburg, Germany; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (M.B.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (C.V.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neurology–Inflammatory Disorders of the Nervous System and Neurooncology (K.G., S.G.M.), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Raida Z, Hundahl CA, Kelsen J, Nyengaard JR, Hay-Schmidt A. Reduced infarct size in neuroglobin-null mice after experimental stroke in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL & TRANSLATIONAL STROKE MEDICINE 2012; 4:15. [PMID: 22901501 PMCID: PMC3487987 DOI: 10.1186/2040-7378-4-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroglobin is considered to be a novel important pharmacological target in combating stroke and neurodegenerative disorders, although the mechanism by which this protection is accomplished remains an enigma. We hypothesized that if neuroglobin is directly involved in neuroprotection, then permanent cerebral ischemia would lead to larger infarct volumes in neuroglobin-null mice than in wild-type mice. METHODS Using neuroglobin-null mice, we estimated the infarct volume 24 hours after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion using Cavalieri's Principle, and compared the infarct volume in neuroglobin-null and wild-type mice. Neuroglobin antibody staining was used to examine neuroglobin expression in the infarct area of wild-type mice. RESULTS Infarct volumes 24 hours after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion were significantly smaller in neuroglobin-null mice than in wild-types (p < 0.01). Neuroglobin immunostaining of the penumbra area revealed no visible up-regulation of neuroglobin protein in ischemic wild-type mice when compared to uninjured wild-type mice. In uninjured wild-type mice, neuroglobin protein was seen throughout cortical layer II and sparsely in layer V. In contrast, no neuroglobin-immunoreactive neurons were observed in the aforementioned layers of the ischemia injured cortical area, or in the surrounding penumbra of ischemic wild-type mice. This suggests no selective sparing of neuroglobin expressing neurons in ischemia. CONCLUSIONS Neuroglobin-deficiency resulted in reduced tissue infarction, suggesting that, at least at endogenous expression levels, neuroglobin in itself is non-protective against ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zindy Raida
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Ansgar Hundahl
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Physiology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Centre of Excellence for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Kelsen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Copenhagen (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Randel Nyengaard
- Stereology and Electron Microscopy Research Laboratory, Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders Hay-Schmidt
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Panum Institute; Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
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