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Alam S, Richi FT, Hasnat H, Ahmed F, Emon NU, Uddin MJ, Rana GMM, Wang S, Yeasmin MS, Ahmed NU, Khan MS, Al Mamun A. Chemico-pharmacological evaluations of the dwarf elephant ear ( Colocasia affinis Schott) plant metabolites and extracts: health benefits from vegetable source. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1428341. [PMID: 39193333 PMCID: PMC11347761 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1428341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Colocasia affinis Schott (Family: Araceae), found in the Asian region, is a traditional root vegetable consumed by the locals and well-known as Dwarf Elephant Ear. Methods: For the pharmacological exploration of this root vegetable, four kupchan fractions (i.e. HSF, DCMSF, EASF, and AQSF) from ethanolic extract of C. affinis were employed to in vitro i.e. antioxidant, cytotoxicity, and antimicrobial and in vivo i.e. antidiarrheal and analgesic assays, followed by phytochemical screening and GC-MS protocol. Result and Discussion: In the antioxidant assay, the AQSF showed promising potential with an IC50 value of 29.4 μg/mL and additionally, it exhibited the greatest overall phenolic content, measuring 57.23 mg GAE/gm. of extract among other fractions. The AQSF also revealed promising cytotoxic activity in brine shrimp lethality assay with an LC50 value of 1.36 μg/mL. Both AQSF and EASF exhibited substantial antimicrobial efficacy against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria as well as various fungus species with a remarkable zone of inhibitions compared to standards. Whereas, during both the castor oil-induced antidiarrheal and acetic acid-induced writhing assay, the DCMSF at 400 mg/kg dose exhibited the highest 51.16% reduction of diarrhea and 52.33% reduction of writhing. Phytochemical screening revealed several chemical groups while GC-MS study of different fractions of dwarf elephant ear ethanolic extract revealed 48 different bioactive phytochemicals in total. Several targets such as KAS, DHFR for anti-microbial activities, GLR, URO for antioxidant activities, EGFR, BCL-2 for cytotoxicity, KOR, DOR for antidiarrheal activities and COX-2, TNF-α for analgesic activities are considered for molecular docking against identified phytocompounds and standards along with ADME/T studies to ascertain their safety, efficacy and drug likeliness profiles. Conclusion: To recapitulate, our study revealed that vegetables such as dwarf elephant ear can be considered as a prospective source of therapeutics and drug development besides their nutritive food values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safaet Alam
- Chemical Research Division, BCSIR Dhaka Laboratories, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | | | - Hasin Hasnat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Firoj Ahmed
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Nazim Uddin Emon
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Jasim Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - G. M. Masud Rana
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Shuanghu Wang
- Central Laboratory of The Lishui Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Lishui University, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mst. Sarmina Yeasmin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Nazim Uddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Salim Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Central Laboratory of The Lishui Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Lishui University, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
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Ryu DH, Cho JY, Yang SH, Kim HY. Effects of Harvest Timing on Phytochemical Composition in Lamiaceae Plants under an Environment-Controlled System. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1909. [PMID: 38001762 PMCID: PMC10669742 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Lamiaceae family is widely recognized for its production of essential oils and phenolic compounds that have promising value as pharmaceutical materials. However, the impact of environmental conditions and different harvest stages on the phytochemical composition of Lamiaceae plants remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of harvest time on the phytochemical composition, including rosmarinic acid (RA) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), of four Lamiaceae plants-Korean mint (AR), lemon balm (MO), opal basil (OBP), and sage (SO)-and was conducted under an environment-controlled system. Although all four plants had RA as the dominant compound, its distribution varied by species. The flowered plants, including AR and OBP, exhibited a rapid increase of RA during the transition from the vegetative stage to the reproductive stage. In contrast, non-flowered groups, including MO and SO, showed a steady increase in the content of total phenolics and RA. The main components of VOCs also differed depending on the plant, with characteristic fragrance compounds identified for each one (AR: estragole; MO: (Z)-neral and geranial; OBP: methyl eugenol, eugenol, and linalool; and SO: (Z)-thujone, camphor, and humulene). The total VOCs content was highest on the 60th day after transplanting regardless of the species, while the trends of total phenolics, RA content, and antioxidant activities were different depending on whether plant species flowered during the cultivation cycle. There was a steady increase in species that had not flowered, and the highest content and activity of the flowering period were confirmed in the flowering plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Hye Ryu
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (D.-H.R.); (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Jwa-Yeong Cho
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (D.-H.R.); (J.-Y.C.)
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hoon Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ho-Youn Kim
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (D.-H.R.); (J.-Y.C.)
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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Götz ME, Eisenreich A, Frenzel J, Sachse B, Schäfer B. Occurrence of Alkenylbenzenes in Plants: Flavours and Possibly Toxic Plant Metabolites. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112075. [PMID: 37299054 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Alkenylbenzenes are naturally occurring secondary plant metabolites. While some of them are proven genotoxic carcinogens, other derivatives need further evaluation to clarify their toxicological properties. Furthermore, data on the occurrence of various alkenylbenzenes in plants, and especially in food products, are still limited. In this review, we tempt to give an overview of the occurrence of potentially toxic alkenylbenzenes in essential oils and extracts from plants used for flavoring purposes of foods. A focus is layed on widely known genotoxic alkenylbenzenes, such as safrole, methyleugenol, and estragole. However, essential oils and extracts that contain other alkenylbenzenes and are also often used for flavoring purposes are considered. This review may re-raise awareness of the need for quantitative occurrence data for alkenylbenzenes in certain plants but especially in final plant food supplements, processed foods, and flavored beverages as the basis for a more reliable exposure assessment of alkenylbenzenes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario E Götz
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Eisenreich
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Janine Frenzel
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin Sachse
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Schäfer
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
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Myristicin and Elemicin: Potentially Toxic Alkenylbenzenes in Food. Foods 2022; 11:foods11131988. [PMID: 35804802 PMCID: PMC9265716 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkenylbenzenes represent a group of naturally occurring substances that are synthesized as secondary metabolites in various plants, including nutmeg and basil. Many of the alkenylbenzene-containing plants are common spice plants and preparations thereof are used for flavoring purposes. However, many alkenylbenzenes are known toxicants. For example, safrole and methyleugenol were classified as genotoxic carcinogens based on extensive toxicological evidence. In contrast, reliable toxicological data, in particular regarding genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, and reproductive toxicity is missing for several other structurally closely related alkenylbenzenes, such as myristicin and elemicin. Moreover, existing data on the occurrence of these substances in various foods suffer from several limitations. Together, the existing data gaps regarding exposure and toxicity cause difficulty in evaluating health risks for humans. This review gives an overview on available occurrence data of myristicin, elemicin, and other selected alkenylbenzenes in certain foods. Moreover, the current knowledge on the toxicity of myristicin and elemicin in comparison to their structurally related and well-characterized derivatives safrole and methyleugenol, especially with respect to their genotoxic and carcinogenic potential, is discussed. Finally, this article focuses on existing data gaps regarding exposure and toxicity currently impeding the evaluation of adverse health effects potentially caused by myristicin and elemicin.
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Granata G, Riccobene C, Napoli E, Geraci C. Polymeric Nanocapsules Containing Fennel Essential Oil: Their Preparation, Physicochemical Characterization, Stability over Time and in Simulated Gastrointestinal Conditions. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:873. [PMID: 35456707 PMCID: PMC9026405 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant essential oils, a source of biologically active compounds, represent a promising segment in the pharmaceutical market. However, their volatility, hydrophobicity, poor stability, and low toxicity limit direct use in pharmaceutical-related applications. Nanoencapsulation is a technique that allows overcoming these obstacles by improving bioaccessibility and bioavailability. Nanocapsules (NCs) based on biodegradable and biocompatible poly(ɛ-caprolactone) containing Foeniculum vulgare Mill. essential oil (FEO), known for its biological activities, were successfully prepared by interfacial deposition of the preformed polymer method. The composition of FEO (trans-anethole chemotype) was determined by gas chromatography analyses. The FEO presence inside the NCs was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. The FEO-NCs showed nanometer size (210 nm), low polydispersity index (0.10), negative zeta potential (-15 mV), non-Newtonian rheological behavior, and high efficiency of encapsulation (93%). Moreover, parameters such as FEO-NC particle size, bioactive compound retention, and FEO composition were monitored for 30 days at storage temperatures of 4 and 40 °C, confirming the robustness of the nanosystem. Finally, FEO-NCs were resistant to the simulated gastric digestion and showed an effective bioaccessibility of 29% in simulated intestinal digestion. Based on the results obtained, this FEO-NC nanosystem could find interesting applications in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Granata
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare—C.N.R., Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (C.R.); (E.N.)
| | | | | | - Corrada Geraci
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare—C.N.R., Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (C.R.); (E.N.)
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Moura EDS, Faroni LRD, Heleno FF, Rodrigues AAZ. Toxicological Stability of Ocimum basilicum Essential Oil and Its Major Components in the Control of Sitophilus zeamais. Molecules 2021; 26:6483. [PMID: 34770901 PMCID: PMC8588496 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) are widely recognized as efficient and safe alternatives for controlling pest insects in foods. However, there is a lack of studies evaluating the toxicological stability of botanical insecticides in stored grains in order to establish criteria of use and ensure your efficiency. The objective of this work was to evaluate the toxicological stability of basil essential oil (O. basilicum) and its linalool and estragole components for Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky) adults in corn grains by fumigation. The identification of the chemical compounds of the essential oil was performed with a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass selective detector. Mortality of insects was assessed after 24 h exposure. After storage for six (EO) and two months (linalool and estragole) under different conditions of temperature (5, 20, and 35 °C) and light (with and without exposure to light), its toxicological stability was evaluated. Studies revealed that the essential oil of O. basilicum and its main components exhibited insecticidal potential against adults of S. zeamais. For greater toxicological stability, suitable storage conditions for them include absence of light and temperatures equal to or less than 20 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eridiane da Silva Moura
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (E.d.S.M.); (F.F.H.); (A.A.Z.R.)
| | - Lêda Rita D’Antonino Faroni
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (E.d.S.M.); (F.F.H.); (A.A.Z.R.)
| | - Fernanda Fernandes Heleno
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (E.d.S.M.); (F.F.H.); (A.A.Z.R.)
- Serviço Autônomo de Água e Esgoto, Senador Firmino 36540-000, MG, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Aparecida Zinato Rodrigues
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (E.d.S.M.); (F.F.H.); (A.A.Z.R.)
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
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Alkenylbenzenes in Foods: Aspects Impeding the Evaluation of Adverse Health Effects. Foods 2021; 10:foods10092139. [PMID: 34574258 PMCID: PMC8469824 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkenylbenzenes are naturally occurring secondary plant metabolites, primarily present in different herbs and spices, such as basil or fennel seeds. Thus, alkenylbenzenes, such as safrole, methyleugenol, and estragole, can be found in different foods, whenever these herbs and spices (or extracts thereof) are used for food production. In particular, essential oils or other food products derived from the aforementioned herbs and spices, such as basil-containing pesto or plant food supplements, are often characterized by a high content of alkenylbenzenes. While safrole or methyleugenol are known to be genotoxic and carcinogenic, the toxicological relevance of other alkenylbenzenes (e.g., apiol) regarding human health remains widely unclear. In this review, we will briefly summarize and discuss the current knowledge and the uncertainties impeding a conclusive evaluation of adverse effects to human health possibly resulting from consumption of foods containing alkenylbenzenes, especially focusing on the genotoxic compounds, safrole, methyleugenol, and estragole.
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Malik T, Sharma R, Panesar PS, Gehlot R, Tokusoglu O, Dhull SB, Vural H, Singh A. Nutmeg nutraceutical constituents: In vitro and in vivo pharmacological potential. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanu Malik
- Centre of Food Science and Technology CCS Haryana Agricultural University Hisar India
| | - Ruchi Sharma
- School of Bioengineering & Food Technology Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences Solan India
| | | | - Rakesh Gehlot
- Centre of Food Science and Technology CCS Haryana Agricultural University Hisar India
| | - Ozlem Tokusoglu
- Engineering Faculty Department of Food Engineering Celal Bayar University Manisa Turkey
| | - Sanju Bala Dhull
- Department of Food Science and Technology Chaudhary Devi Lal University Sirsa India
| | - Halil Vural
- Engineering Faculty Department of Food Engineering Hacettepe UniversityBeytepe Campus Ankara Turkey
| | - Ajay Singh
- Department of Food Technology Mata Gujri College Fatehgarh Sahib India
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Türkmenoğlu A, Özmen D. Allergenic components, biocides, and analysis techniques of some essential oils used in food products. J Food Sci 2021; 86:2225-2241. [PMID: 34091909 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, almost 300 essential oils (EOs) are commonly traded in the world market, with a prediction to be worth over $14 billion in 2024. EOs are natural preservatives for food products in order to reduce the activity of pathogenic microorganisms, therefore their use as an antioxidant or a preservative in foods has been encouraged. They are not only considered as antimicrobial or flavoring agents, but are also incorporated into food packaging materials. There are several types of EOs which have been approved as food additives by the Food and Drug Administration. Hence, it is important to use safe EO products to minimize possible adverse effect risks such as nausea, vomiting, necrosis, nephropathy, mucous membrane, and skin irritation. This review article gives information about some EOs that are used in the food industries and the types of some allergenic compounds and biocides which could make the EOs hazardous or may cause allergenic reactions in the human body. Besides, some analysis techniques of possible allergenic compounds or biocides in EOs were introduced and supported with the most relevant studies. The overall conclusion from the study is that pregnant women, patients taking drugs (e.g., diabetics) or the having a history of allergy are the most prone to be affected from EO allergenic components. As regards to biocides, organochlorine and organophosphorus types of pesticides that are carried over from the plant may be found mostly in EOs. The most common allergic reaction is skin sensitization and irritation if the EO components are oxidized during storage or transportation. Moreover, drug interactions are one of the other possible adverse effect. Hence, determination of biocides and possible allergenic component concentrations is an essential factor when they are used as a preservative or flavoring agent. The most prominent analysis techniques are gas and liquid chromatography because most of the allergens and biocides are mainly composed of volatile components. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Determining of the essential oil's content will be crucial if oils are used for food preservation or flavoring because they may have some hazardous effects, such as nausea, vomiting, necrosis and nephropathy. Therefore, after applying them to the food products, consumers (especially pregnant women) should be informed about their concentration levels and their possible adverse effects are taken into account when they are consumed over toxic limit. For this reason, we reviewed in our study that some allergenic components, biocides and toxic limits of EOs to be used in food products. In addition to this, recent analytical techniques have been explained and discussed which methods are suitable for analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dilek Özmen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, Istanbul, 34320, Turkey
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da Silva Moura E, Faroni LRD, Rodrigues AAZ, Heleno FF, de Queiroz MELR, de Oliveira Vilela A. Evaluation of the Persistence of Linalool and Estragole in Maize Grains via Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-020-01862-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Omaiye EE, Luo W, McWhirter KJ, Pankow JF, Talbot P. Electronic Cigarette Refill Fluids Sold Worldwide: Flavor Chemical Composition, Toxicity, and Hazard Analysis. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:2972-2987. [PMID: 33225688 PMCID: PMC8166200 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Flavor chemicals in electronic cigarette (EC) fluids, which may negatively impact human health, have been studied in a limited number of countries/locations. To gain an understanding of how the composition and concentrations of flavor chemicals in ECs are influenced by product sale location, we evaluated refill fluids manufactured by one company (Ritchy LTD) and purchased worldwide. Flavor chemicals were identified and quantified using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). We then screened the fluids for their effects on cytotoxicity (MTT assay) and proliferation (live-cell imaging) and tested authentic standards of specific flavor chemicals to identify those that were cytotoxic at concentrations found in refill fluids. A total of 126 flavor chemicals were detected in 103 bottles of refill fluid, and their number per/bottle ranged from 1-50 based on our target list. Two products had none of the flavor chemicals on our target list, nor did they have any nontargeted flavor chemicals. A total of 28 flavor chemicals were present at concentrations ≥1 mg/mL in at least one product, and 6 of these were present at concentrations ≥10 mg/mL. The total flavor chemical concentration was ≥1 mg/mL in 70% of the refill fluids and ≥10 mg/mL in 26%. For sub-brand duplicate bottles purchased in different countries, flavor chemical concentrations were similar and induced similar responses in the in vitro assays (cytotoxicity and cell growth inhibition). The levels of furaneol, benzyl alcohol, ethyl maltol, ethyl vanillin, corylone, and vanillin were significantly correlated with cytotoxicity. The margin of exposure calculations showed that pulegone and estragole levels were high enough in some products to present a nontrivial calculated risk for cancer. Flavor chemical concentrations in refill fluids often exceeded concentrations permitted in other consumer products. These data support the regulation of flavor chemicals in EC products to reduce their potential for producing both cancer and noncancer toxicological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther E. Omaiye
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California Riverside, California, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology. University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Wentai Luo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Chemistry Portland State University. Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Kevin J. McWhirter
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - James F. Pankow
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Chemistry Portland State University. Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Prue Talbot
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology. University of California, Riverside, California, USA
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Gogoi R, Loying R, Sarma N, Begum T, Pandey SK, Lal M. Comparative Analysis of In-Vitro Biological Activities of Methyl Eugenol Rich Cymbopogon khasianus Hack., Leaf Essential Oil with Pure Methyl Eugenol Compound. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:927-938. [PMID: 32065101 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200217113921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The essential oil of methyl eugenol rich Cymbopogon khasianus Hack. was evaluated and its bioactivities were compared with pure methyl eugenol. So far, methyl eugenol rich essential oil of lemongrass was not studied for any biological activities; hence, the present study was conducted. OBJECTIVE This study examined the chemical composition of essential oil of methyl eugenol rich Cymbopogon khasianus Hack., and evaluated its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and herbicidal properties and genotoxicity, which were compared with pure compound, methyl eugenol. MATERIAL AND METHODS Methyl eugenol rich variety of Cymbopogon khasianus Hack., with registration no. INGR18037 (c.v. Jor Lab L-9) was collected from experimental farm CSIR-NEIST, Jorhat, Assam (26.7378°N, 94.1570°E). The essential oil wasobtained by hydro-distillation using a Clevenger apparatus. The chemical composition of the essential oil was evaluated using GC/MS analysis and its antioxidant (DPPH assay, reducing power assay), anti-inflammatory (Egg albumin denaturation assay), and antimicrobial (Disc diffusion assay, MIC) properties, seed germination effect and genotoxicity (Allium cepa assay) were studied and compared with pure Methyl Eugenol compound (ME). RESULTS Major components detected in the Essential Oil (EO) through Gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy analysis were methyl eugenol (73.17%) and β-myrcene (8.58%). A total of 35components were detected with a total identified area percentage of 98.34%. DPPH assay revealed considerable antioxidant activity of methyl eugenol rich lemongrass essential oil (IC50= 2.263 μg/mL), which is lower than standard ascorbic acid (IC50 2.58 μg/mL), and higher than standard Methyl Eugenol (ME) (IC50 2.253 μg/mL). Methyl eugenol rich lemongrass EO showed IC50 38.00 μg/mL, ME 36.44 μg/mL, and sodium diclofenac 22.76 μg/mL, in in-vitro anti-inflammatory test. Moderate antimicrobial activity towards the 8 tested microbes was shown by methyl eugenol rich lemongrass essential oil whose effectiveness against the microbes was less as compared to pure ME standard. Seed germination assay further revealed the herbicidal properties of methyl eugenol rich essential oil. Moreover, Allium cepa assay revealed moderate genotoxicity of the essential oil. CONCLUSION This paper compared the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, genotoxicity and herbicidal activities of methyl eugenol rich lemongrass with pure methyl eugenol. This methyl eugenol rich lemongrass variety can be used as an alternative of methyl eugenol pure compound. Hence, the essential oil of this variety has the potential of developing cost-effective, easily available antioxidative/ antimicrobial drugs but its use should be under the safety range of methyl eugenol and needs further clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roktim Gogoi
- Medicinal, Economic and Aromatic Plant Group, Biological Science and Technology Division CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (NEIST), Jorhat Assam 785006, India
| | - Rikraj Loying
- Medicinal, Economic and Aromatic Plant Group, Biological Science and Technology Division CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (NEIST), Jorhat Assam 785006, India
| | - Neelav Sarma
- Medicinal, Economic and Aromatic Plant Group, Biological Science and Technology Division CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (NEIST), Jorhat Assam 785006, India
| | - Twahira Begum
- Medicinal, Economic and Aromatic Plant Group, Biological Science and Technology Division CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (NEIST), Jorhat Assam 785006, India
| | - Sudin K Pandey
- Medicinal, Economic and Aromatic Plant Group, Biological Science and Technology Division CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (NEIST), Jorhat Assam 785006, India
| | - Mohan Lal
- Medicinal, Economic and Aromatic Plant Group, Biological Science and Technology Division CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (NEIST), Jorhat Assam 785006, India
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Hernandez-Leon A, González-Trujano ME, Narváez-González F, Pérez-Ortega G, Rivero-Cruz F, Aguilar MI. Role of β-Caryophyllene in the Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Tagetes lucida Cav. Essential Oil. Molecules 2020; 25:E675. [PMID: 32033302 PMCID: PMC7037113 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Tagetes lucida Cav. (Asteraceae) is an ancient medicinal plant commonly used to alleviate pain. Nevertheless, scientific studies validating this property are lacking in the literature. Animal models of pain were used to evaluate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of T. lucida essential oil (TLEO) and a bioactive metabolite. The chemical constitution and possible toxicity of the extract and the mechanism of action of β-caryophyllene were also explored. Temporal course curves and dose-response graphics were generated using TLEO (0.1-10 mg/kg or 3.16-31.62 mg/kg) and β-caryophyllene (3.16-10 mg/kg). Metamizole (80 mg/kg) and indomethacin (20 mg/kg) were used as reference drugs in the formalin assay and writhing test in rats and mice, respectively. The β-caryophyllene mechanism of action was explored in the presence of naloxone (1 mg/kg), flumazenil (10 mg/kg), WAY100635 (0.16 mg/kg), or nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (20 mg/kg) in the formalin test in rats. GC/MS analysis demonstrated the presence of geranyl acetate (49.89%), geraniol (7.92%), and β-caryophyllene (6.27%). Significant and dose-dependent antinociceptive response was produced by TLEO and β-caryophyllene without the presence of gastric damage. In conclusion, β-caryophyllene was confirmed as a bioactive compound in the T. lucida analgesic properties by involving the participation of receptors like opioids, benzodiazepines, and Serotonin 1A receptor (5-HT1A), as well as nitric oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Hernandez-Leon
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico;
| | - María Eva González-Trujano
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico;
| | | | - Gimena Pérez-Ortega
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria 04510, Mexico;
| | - Fausto Rivero-Cruz
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria 04510, Mexico; (F.R.-C.); (M.I.A.)
| | - María Isabel Aguilar
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria 04510, Mexico; (F.R.-C.); (M.I.A.)
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14
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Effect of Fertilization in Selected Phytometric Features and Contents of Bioactive Compounds in Dry Matter of Two Varieties of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11236590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of sustainable, organic and standard mineral fertilization in selected phytometric features and contents of bioactive compounds in dry matter of two varieties of Ocimum basilicum L. The herbal material was first examined for its phytometric characterisation and then subjected to the combined convective pre-drying and vacuum-microwave finish drying method (CPD-VMFD). The energy consumption for the drying process of plant material in the case of CPD-VMFD is lower in comparison to the convection method (CD). The obtained dry material was assessed for determination of the colour parameters. Next, the analysis to identify the total content of polyphenols and the antioxidant properties (ABTS) was done. The dried material was subjected to head space–solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) to determine volatile compound content. The herbal material obtained from the basil cultivated with an addition of sustainable, organic fertilizer was found to have a significantly higher content of bioactive compounds than the control, especially of polyphenols and volatile compounds like eucalyptol. Presumably, this is an effect of the elicitation process resulting from the fact that extract from common nettle was applied as an organic fertilizer component.
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15
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Na H, Mok C, Lee J. Effects of plasma treatment on the oxidative stability of vegetable oil containing antioxidants. Food Chem 2019; 302:125306. [PMID: 31416004 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Plasma, the fourth stage of matter, is a partially or wholly ionized state of gas. Degree of lipid oxidation and effects of antioxidants were evaluated in bulk oils at plasma treatment. Significant changes in the conjugated dienoic acid were induced after 10 min of plasma treatment, which corresponded to treatment for 2.5 h at 100 °C and 48 h at 60 °C. Tocopherol stability in the stripped corn oil was significantly higher than that in medium-chain triacylglycerol after the plasma treatment. The antioxidant capacities of 10 μM of α-tocopherol and sesamol were higher than that of β-carotene, and synergistic effects among α-tocopherol, sesamol, and β-carotene were not observed. Added α-tocopherol and sesamol decreased CDA formation by 33 and 30% compared to control samples after plasma treatment. Moisture content in oils decreased significantly about 20% moisture after 6 min plasma treatment. Lipid oxidation could be an important issue in plasma-treated lipid-rich products.
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Affiliation(s)
- HeeSun Na
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology and Food Flavour Sensory Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - ChulKyoon Mok
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - JaeHwan Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology and Food Flavour Sensory Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Comparison of the composition and fungicidal activity of essential oils from fennel fruits cultivated in Poland and Egypt. POLISH JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/pjct-2019-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The yield, composition and fungicidal activity of essential oils obtained from fennel fruits cultivated in Poland (FEOPOL) and Egypt (FEO-EG) were compared. The influence of the duration of hydrodistillation using a Clevenger apparatus on the essential oil yield was studied. The composition of the fennel essential oils was determined by GC-MS method. Studies have shown that FEO-POL and FEO-EG are two distinct chemotypes, which differ in yield and composition. The fennel fruits cultivated in Poland contained 4.14% of essential oil with trans-anethole as a main component. The plant material from Egypt was characterised by low content of essential oil (1.32%) with a predominant share of estragole. The fungicidal activity was tested in vitro against ten species of pathogenic fungi. The best result for FEO-POL was achieved against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Rhizoctonia solani and Botrytis cinerea. Antifungal activity of FEO-EG against tested fungi was weak or none.
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17
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Samet AV, Shevchenko OG, Rusak VV, Chartov EM, Myshlyavtsev AB, Rusanov DA, Semenova MN, Semenov VV. Antioxidant Activity of Natural Allylpolyalkoxybenzene Plant Essential Oil Constituents. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:1451-1458. [PMID: 31244145 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Free-radical-scavenging capacity antioxidant and membrane-protective properties of natural and related synthetic allylpolyalkoxybenzenes with different numbers of alkoxy/methoxy groups in the aromatic ring were evaluated using several in vitro models. These included the DPPH assay, inhibition of lipid peroxidation products accumulation, inhibition of H2O2-induced hemolysis, and oxidation of oxyhemoglobin. A synthetic protocol for the synthesis of natural nothoapiol (9) from a parsley seed metabolite, apiol (7), was developed. A structure-activity relationship study revealed that both the methylenedioxy fragment and methoxy groups in the aromatic ring are favorable for antioxidant activity. Hydroxyapiol (14), containing a hydroxy group in the aromatic core, was identified as the most potent compound. The pentaalkoxy-substituted nothoapiol (9) showed antioxidant activity in mouse brain homogenates, whereas in mouse erythrocytes it exhibited a marked pro-oxidant effect. Despite their low free-radical-scavenging capacity, allylpolyalkoxybenzenes can contribute to the total antioxidant potencies of plant essential oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Samet
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, 47 Leninsky Prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Oksana G Shevchenko
- Institute of Biology of the Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of RAS, 28 Kommunisticheskaya Street, 167982 Syktyvkar, Russian Federation
| | - Vyacheslav V Rusak
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, 47 Leninsky Prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Eduard M Chartov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, 47 Leninsky Prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey B Myshlyavtsev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, 47 Leninsky Prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Daniil A Rusanov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, 47 Leninsky Prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Marina N Semenova
- N. K. Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology RAS, 26 Vavilov Street, 119334 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Victor V Semenov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, 47 Leninsky Prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
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Abstract
Urgent guidelines of modern chemistry have directed researchers' attention to the use of biomass not only as a source of food, feed, medicinal drugs, fragrances and energy, but also as fine chemicals. Certain easily isolable biomass components are now used as chemical reagents in the synthesis of novel products with a higher added value, replacing existing chemicals based on petroleum sources. Among these biomass components, the essential oils stand out as a valuable source of diverse terpenoid and phenylpropanoid compounds with many bio-medical applications. The aim of this work is to review existing materials in the utilization of the synthetic potential of essential oils extracted from some tropical plants towards their conversion in new functionalized heterocyclic compounds, which could be useful as a pharmacological model in drug research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V. Kouznetsov
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Biomolecular, CMN, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Parque Tecnológico Guatiguará, Km 2 Vía Refugio, Piedecuesta 681011, Colombia
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19
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Becerra-Granados LM, Bejarano-Roncancio JJ, Bages-Mesa MC. Interdisciplinary management of infantile colic. REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE MEDICINA 2017. [DOI: 10.15446/revfacmed.v65n3.55920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
El cólico del lactante es uno de los principales motivos de consulta en los servicios de pediatría, gastroenterología y nutrición pediátrica. Esta patología posee múltiples características etiológicas como disfunción de la mecánica familiar, alteraciones gastrointestinales, alergias o intolerancias alimentarias, desbalance alimentario e inadecuados hábitos alimenticios. Es de carácter agudo, con inicio súbito que tiende a desaparecer entre los 3 y 6 meses de edad. Hasta el momento no existe un consenso sobre los protocolos de manejo de esta condición o sobre sus indicadores de eficacia terapéutica. Desde hace algunos años se han desarrollado fármacos, regímenes dietarios y complementos alimentarios específicos para esta patología (anticólico). Este trabajo es una revisión de la evidencia sobre los fundamentos y avances en el tratamiento del cólico del lactante en el que se recopilan las características de esta patología, las medidas terapéuticas médicas y nutricionales, el abordaje clínico y las técnicas para ayudar al paciente y su entorno familiar. El presente estudio busca brindar herramientas técnicas al profesional de la salud cuya población objeto de atención es menor de 2 años.
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20
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Formulation and evaluation of anise-based bioadhesive vaginal gels. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:485-495. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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21
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Semenov VV, Tsyganov DV, Semenova MN, Chuprov-Netochin RN, Raihstat MM, Konyushkin LD, Volynchuk PB, Marusich EI, Nazarenko VV, Leonov SV, Kiselyov AS. Efficient Synthesis of Glaziovianin A Isoflavone Series from Dill and Parsley Extracts and Their in Vitro/in Vivo Antimitotic Activity. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:1429-1438. [PMID: 27100701 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A concise six-step protocol for the synthesis of isoflavone glaziovianin A (GVA) and its alkoxyphenyl derivatives 9 starting with readily available plant metabolites from dill and parsley seeds was developed. The reaction sequence involved an efficient conversion of the key intermediate epoxides 7 into the respective β-ketoaldehydes 8 followed by their Cu(I)-mediated cyclization into the target series 9. The biological activity of GVA and its derivatives was evaluated using a panel of seven human cancer cell lines and an in vivo sea urchin embryo assay. Both screening platforms confirmed the antimitotic effect of the parent GVA (9cg) and its alkoxy derivatives. Structure-activity relationship studies suggested that compounds 9cd and 9cf substituted with trimethoxy- and dillapiol-derived B-rings, respectively, were less active than the parent 9cg. Of the evaluated human cancer cell lines, the A375 melanoma cell line was the most sensitive to the tested molecules. Notably, the target compounds were not cytotoxic against human peripheral blood mononuclear cells up to 10 μM concentration. Phenotypic readouts from the sea urchin assay unequivocally suggest a direct microtubule-destabilizing effect of isoflavones 9cg, 9cd, and 9cf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor V Semenov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, RAS , Leninsky Prospect, 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry V Tsyganov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, RAS , Leninsky Prospect, 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Marina N Semenova
- Institute of Developmental Biology, RAS , Vavilov Street, 26, 119334, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Chemical Block Ltd. , 3 Kyriacou Matsi, 3723, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Roman N Chuprov-Netochin
- Life Sciences Center, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology , Institutsky Per., 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail M Raihstat
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, RAS , Leninsky Prospect, 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Leonid D Konyushkin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, RAS , Leninsky Prospect, 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Polina B Volynchuk
- Life Sciences Center, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology , Institutsky Per., 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russian Federation
| | - Elena I Marusich
- Life Sciences Center, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology , Institutsky Per., 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russian Federation
| | - Vera V Nazarenko
- Life Sciences Center, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology , Institutsky Per., 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey V Leonov
- Life Sciences Center, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology , Institutsky Per., 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russian Federation
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, RAS , Institutskaya Street, 3, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russian Federation
| | - Alex S Kiselyov
- Life Sciences Center, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology , Institutsky Per., 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russian Federation
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22
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Tsyganov DV, Krayushkin MM, Konyushkin LD, Strelenko YA, Semenova MN, Semenov VV. Facile Synthesis of Natural Alkoxynaphthalene Analogues from Plant Alkoxybenzenes. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:923-928. [PMID: 26910798 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b01007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Analogues of the bioactive natural alkoxynaphthalene pycnanthulignene D were synthesized by an efficient method. The starting plant allylalkoxybenzenes (1) are easily available from the plant essential oils of sassafras, dill, and parsley. The target 1-arylalkoxynaphthalenes (5) exhibited antiproliferative activity in a phenotypic sea urchin embryo assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V Tsyganov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, RAS , Leninsky Prospect, 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail M Krayushkin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, RAS , Leninsky Prospect, 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Leonid D Konyushkin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, RAS , Leninsky Prospect, 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yuri A Strelenko
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, RAS , Leninsky Prospect, 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Marina N Semenova
- Institute of Developmental Biology, RAS , Vavilov Street, 26, 119334, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Chemical Block Ltd. , 3 Kyriacou Matsi, 3723, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Victor V Semenov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, RAS , Leninsky Prospect, 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
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23
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Anethole restores delayed gastric emptying and impaired gastric accommodation in rodents. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 472:125-30. [PMID: 26915803 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.02.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Functional dyspepsia (FD), a functional gastrointestinal disorder, is characterized by persistent or recurrent postprandial upper abdominal discomfort and epigastric pain. The high prevalence of FD and associated healthcare costs suggests that treatment of this condition by methods other than prescribed medicines, such as natural products, could be beneficial. Delayed gastric emptying and impaired gastric accommodation play important roles in the development of FD. Anethole (1-methoxy-4-((E)-propenyl)-benzene), a major component of essential fennel oil, has been used as a flavoring, in alcoholic beverage production and in pharmaceutical formulations for many years. In this study, we examined the effects of anethole on delayed gastric emptying and impaired gastric accommodation in rodents. Oral administration of anethole improved clonidine-induced delayed gastric emptying but did not affect normal gastric emptying in mice. Fennel oil and Anchu-san (a Japanese herbal medicine containing anethole) also restored delayed gastric emptying. Furthermore, oral administration of anethole stimulated gastric accommodation in rats. These results suggest that anethole could be beneficial for the treatment of FD.
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Trans-anethole, a terpenoid ameliorates hyperglycemia by regulating key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Biochimie 2015; 112:57-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Effect of estragole on leukocyte behavior and phagocytic activity of macrophages. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:784689. [PMID: 25152763 PMCID: PMC4135144 DOI: 10.1155/2014/784689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Estragole, a chemical constituent of the essential oils of many aromatic plants, is used as flavoring in beverage and food industries. In vivo and in vitro experimental assays have shown that EST has sedative, anticonvulsant, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anesthetic activity. In this work, we evaluate the effect of EST on leukocyte behavior and phagocytic activity of macrophages. In the peritonitis model, EST (500 and 750 mg/kg) decreased the infiltration of peritoneal exudate leukocytes. In vitro chemotaxis assay showed that EST (3, 10, 30, and 60 μg/mL) inhibited neutrophil migration toward fMLP. In the in vivo microcirculation assay, EST at doses of 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg significantly reduced the number of rolling and adherent leukocytes and at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg decreased number of leukocyte migrated to perivascular tissue. The results showed that EST (3, 10, and 30 μg/mL) was able to stimulate the macrophages phagocytosis but only at concentration of 10 μg/mL promoted an increase in nitric oxide (NO) production. In conclusion, this study showed that EST had potential anti-inflammatory effects, likely by inhibiting leukocyte migration and by stimulating macrophages phagocytosis.
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26
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Silva-Alves KS, Ferreira-da-Silva FW, Peixoto-Neves D, Viana-Cardoso KV, Moreira-Júnior L, Oquendo MB, Oliveira-Abreu K, Albuquerque AAC, Coelho-de-Souza AN, Leal-Cardoso JH. Estragole blocks neuronal excitability by direct inhibition of Na+ channels. Braz J Med Biol Res 2013; 46:1056-1063. [PMID: 24345915 PMCID: PMC3935278 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20133191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Estragole is a volatile terpenoid, which occurs naturally as a constituent of the essential oils of many plants. It has several pharmacological and biological activities. The objective of the present study was to investigate the mechanism of action of estragole on neuronal excitability. Intact and dissociated dorsal root ganglion neurons of rats were used to record action potential and Na+ currents with intracellular and patch-clamp techniques, respectively. Estragole blocked the generation of action potentials in cells with or without inflexions on their descendant (repolarization) phase (Ninf and N0 neurons, respectively) in a concentration-dependent manner. The resting potentials and input resistances of Ninf and N0 cells were not altered by estragole (2, 4, and 6 mM). Estragole also inhibited total Na+ current and tetrodotoxin-resistant Na+ current in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50 of 3.2 and 3.6 mM, respectively). Kinetic analysis of Na+ current in the presence of 4 mM estragole showed a statistically significant reduction of fast and slow inactivation time constants, indicating an acceleration of the inactivation process. These data demonstrate that estragole blocks neuronal excitability by direct inhibition of Na+ channel conductance activation. This action of estragole is likely to be relevant to the understanding of the mechanisms of several pharmacological effects of this substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Silva-Alves
- Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Laboratório de Eletrofisiologia, FortalezaCE, Brasil
| | - F W Ferreira-da-Silva
- Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Laboratório de Eletrofisiologia, FortalezaCE, Brasil
| | - D Peixoto-Neves
- Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Laboratório de Eletrofisiologia, FortalezaCE, Brasil
| | - K V Viana-Cardoso
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Medicina, Curso de Fisioterapia, FortalezaCE, Brasil
| | - L Moreira-Júnior
- Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Laboratório de Eletrofisiologia, FortalezaCE, Brasil
| | - M B Oquendo
- Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Laboratório de Eletrofisiologia, FortalezaCE, Brasil
| | - K Oliveira-Abreu
- Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Laboratório de Eletrofisiologia, FortalezaCE, Brasil
| | - A A C Albuquerque
- Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Laboratório de Eletrofisiologia, FortalezaCE, Brasil
| | - A N Coelho-de-Souza
- Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Laboratório de Eletrofisiologia, FortalezaCE, Brasil
| | - J H Leal-Cardoso
- Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Laboratório de Eletrofisiologia, FortalezaCE, Brasil
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Medicinal properties of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. in traditional Iranian medicine and modern phytotherapy. Chin J Integr Med 2012; 19:73-9. [PMID: 23275017 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-013-1327-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (F. vulgare), commonly known as Fennel, is a popular medicinal plant with various pharmacological activities mentioned in traditional Iranian medicine (TIM) and modern phytotherapy such as antioxidant, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, bronchodilatory, estrogenic, diuretic, lithontripic, galactogogue, emmenagogue, antithrombotic, hypotensive, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, memory enhancing, and antimutagenic activities. No serious adverse events were recorded after ingestion of F. vulgare except some cases of allergic reactions. The estrogenic activity of F. vulgare brings some side effects such as decrease in protein concentration and acid and alkaline phosphatase in male genital organs, increase in weight of mammary glands and reproductive organs in women and premature thelarche in girls. However, no evidence of teratogenicity was recorded, it is better not to use F. vulgare during pregnancy due to its estrogenic activity. Because of inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), the pharmacokinetic parameters of drugs mainly metabolized by this isozyme may be affected by F. vulgare. In addition, a significant interaction between cyprofloxacin and F. vulgare was demonstrated. The aim of current paper is to review pharmacological properties, toxicity and adverse events, and drug interactions of vulgare and brings conclusive results about the use of this plant in men, women and during pregnancy.
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Bidri M, Conti M, Franetich JF, Tefit M, Mazier D, Arock M, Vouldoukis I. Fresh aromatic herbs containing methylchavicol did not exhibit the pro-oxidative effects of pure methylchavicol on a human hepatoma cell line, HepG2. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2012; 70:256-63. [PMID: 23020916 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Methylchavicol (CH(3)-CV), an important aromatic constituent of different plants like tarragon and basils, has been shown to be carcinogenic by a mechanism yet unclear, although it has been reported that carcinogenicity of CH(3)-CV in rodent might be linked to its metabolic conversion into a genotoxic electrophilic metabolite generated through a two steps bioactivation pathway catalyzed by cytochrome P450 enzymes and sulfotransferases. The induction of carcinogenesis by certain agents has been associated with the generation of oxidative stress. The aim of the present study was to determine whether pure methylchavicol applied on a human hepatoma cell line, HepG2, could promote oxidative stress and might alter the expression of procarcinogenic biomarkers such as the drug-metabolizing enzyme (CYP2E1), the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and might induce the expression of Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) and Mn-SOD that control the redox equilibrium of the cells. CH(3)-CV was shown to cause a significant induction of oxidative stress, as revealed by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (LDCL) and to alter dramatically the expression of CYP2E1, iNOS and Mn-SOD, indicating that the toxic effect of CH(3)-CV could be mediated through a nitric oxide dependent mechanism. Under similar experimental conditions, the extracts from tarragon, chervil and basil did not induce such biological changes. These results provide evidence that the generation of an oxidative stress may be a significant event occurring during CH(3)-CV-induced toxicity. It also suggests that natural extracts containing different amounts of CH(3)-CV (tarragon, chervil and basil) did not elicit such toxicity and might contain compounds able to counteract this detrimental property.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bidri
- Laboratoire de biologie des urgences, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, 83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
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Martins PF, Carmona C, Martinez EL, Sbaite P, Filho RM, Maciel MRW. Evaluation of methyl chavicol concentration by different evaporation processes using central composite experimental design. Sep Purif Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2012.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Ponte EL, Sousa PL, Rocha MV, Soares PM, Coelho-de-Souza AN, Leal-Cardoso JH, Assreuy AM. Comparative study of the anti-edematogenic effects of anethole and estragole. Pharmacol Rep 2012; 64:984-90. [DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(12)70895-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Nurzyńska-Wierdak R. Sweet basil essential oil composition: relationship between cultivar, foliar feeding with nitrogen and oil content. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2012.676763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Martins PF, Carmona C, Martinez EL, Sbaite P, Maciel Filho R, Wolf Maciel MR. Short path evaporation for methyl chavicol enrichment from basil essential oil. Sep Purif Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2011.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Martins P, Martinez E, Sbaite P, Filho RM, Maciel MW. Effect of Operating Conditions for Methyl Chavicol Separation Using a Hybrid Evaporation System. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2012.07.442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Obolskiy D, Pischel I, Feistel B, Glotov N, Heinrich M. Artemisia dracunculus L. (tarragon): a critical review of its traditional use, chemical composition, pharmacology, and safety. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:11367-84. [PMID: 21942448 DOI: 10.1021/jf202277w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Artemisia dracunculus L. (tarragon) has a long history of use as a spice and remedy. Two well-described "cultivars" (Russian and French) are used widely and differ in ploidy level, morphology, and chemistry. Key biologically active secondary metabolites are essential oils (0.15-3.1%), coumarins (>1%), flavonoids, and phenolcarbonic acids. In vivo studies mainly in rodents, particularly from Russian sources, highlight potential anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and antihyperglycemic effects. Despite concerns about the toxic effects of two of its main constituents, estragole (up to 82%) and methyleugenol (up to 39%), no acute toxicity or mutagenic activity has been reported at doses relevant for human consumption. Water extracts of A. dracunculus contain very low amounts of estragole and methyleugenol and, therefore, are considered to pose a very limited risk. Overall, a stronger focus on clinical studies and precise taxonomic and phytochemical definition of the source material will be essential for future research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Obolskiy
- Center for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, The School of Pharmacy (University of London), 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
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Weinoehrl S, Feistel B, Pischel I, Kopp B, Butterweck V. Comparative Evaluation of Two Different Artemisia dracunculus L. Cultivars for Blood Sugar Lowering Effects in Rats. Phytother Res 2011; 26:625-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bjoern Feistel
- Finzelberg GmbH & Co. KG; Koblenzer Str. 48-54; 56626; Andernach; Germany
| | - Ivo Pischel
- PhytoLab GmbH & Co. KG; Dutendorfer Str. 5-7; 91487; Vestenbergsgreuth; Germany
| | - Brigitte Kopp
- Department of Pharmacognosy; University of Vienna; Althanstr. 14; 1090; Vienna; Austria
| | - Veronika Butterweck
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics; University of Florida; P.O. Box 100494; Gainesville; USA
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Mohamad RH, El-Bastawesy AM, Abdel-Monem MG, Noor AM, Al-Mehdar HAR, Sharawy SM, El-Merzabani MM. Antioxidant and anticarcinogenic effects of methanolic extract and volatile oil of fennel seeds (Foeniculum vulgare). J Med Food 2011; 14:986-1001. [PMID: 21812646 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2008.0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the efficacy of fennel seed methanolic extract (FSME) for its antioxidant, cytotoxic, and antitumor activities and for its capacity to serve as a nontoxic radioprotector in Swiss albino mice. We also assessed the natural antioxidant compounds of FSME for use in industrial application. Cytotoxic activity of FSME was evaluated in a mouse model of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) and on different types of human cell lines in vitro. The safety and optimum dose of FSME were determined. FSME, 100 mg/kg, was injected intraperitoneally into mice bearing EAC before the mice were exposed to three 2-Gy doses of gamma irradiation. After 30 days, mice were fasted for 18 hours and then sacrificed to observe the lifespan of EAC-bearing hosts. Malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase activity, glutathione content, and total protein in serum, liver tissue, and ascitic fluid were determined. Iron, total iron-binding capacity, transferrin, and ferritin were also evaluated in serum. The data showed the presence of different types of compounds in FSME, such as flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, phenols, and sterols; estragole (71.099%) was the predominant alcohol, gallic acid was the phenolic compound (18.895%), and L-limonene was the most prevalent monoterpene hydrocarbon (11.967%). The mean±standard deviation 50% inhibitory concentrations were 50±0.03 μg/mL for the MCF7 breast cancer cell line and 48±022 μg/mL for the Hepg-2 liver cancer cell line. The significant increase in MDA levels and the significant decrease in catalase activity and glutathione content in liver and tumor tissue in mice bearing EAC were ameliorated after FSME administration. In contrast, total protein content was increased in ascitic fluid. Serum iron was inversely proportional to the levels of ferritin and transferrin and total iron-binding capacity. Administration of FSME before irradiation exerted a cytoprotective effect against gamma irradiation, as manifested by a restoration of the MDA level, catalase activity, and GSH content to near-normal levels. In conclusion, FSME may have remarkable anticancer potential against a breast cancer cell line (MCF7) and liver cancer cell line (Hepg-2). It also showed strong free radical-scavenging activity (100%). Thus, FSME may reduce oxidative stress and protect mouse cells from damage caused by reactive oxygen species. In addition, it could be used as a safe, effective, and easily accessible source of natural antioxidants to improve the oxidative stability of fatty foods during storage. FSME also exhibited an antitumor effect by modulating lipid peroxidation and augmenting the antioxidant defense system in EAC-bearing mice with or without exposure to radiation.
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Ibrahim AK, Ahmed SA, Khattab SE, Sherif FME. Efficient Callus Induction, Plant Regeneration and Estragole Estimation in Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculusL.). JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2011.9700463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Martini MG, Bizzo HR, Moreira DDL, Neufeld PM, Miranda SN, Alviano CS, Alviano DS, Leitão SG. Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activities of the Essential Oils from Ocimum Selloi and Hesperozygis myrtoides. Nat Prod Commun 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1100600726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocimum selloi, a traditional medicinal plant from Brazil, is sold in open-air markets at Rio de Janeiro State. Hesperozygis myrtoides is a very aromatic small bush found in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, growing at an altitude of 1800m. The chemical composition of both essential oils was analyzed as well as their antimicrobial activity against fungi and bacteria. For all specimens of Ocimum selloi obtained at open-air markets, methylchavicol was major compound found (93.6% to 97.6%) in their essential oils. The major compounds identified in the oil of H. myrtoides were pulegone (44.4%), isomenthone (32.7%), and limonene (3.5%). Both oils displayed antimicrobial activity against all tested microorganisms but Candida albicans was the most susceptible one. Combinations of the two oils in different proportions were tested to verify their antimicrobial effect against C. albicans, which, however, was not modified in any of the concentrations tested. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined to confirm the antimicrobial activity against C. albicans as well as other clinical isolates ( C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia G. Martini
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Farmácia, CCS, Bloco A 2o andar, Ilha do Fundão, CEP 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Humberto R. Bizzo
- Embrapa Agroindústria de Alimentos, Avenida das Américas 29501, CEP 23020-470, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Davyson de L. Moreira
- Departamento de Produtos Naturais, Far-Manguinhos, FIOCRUZ. CEP 21041-250 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paulo M. Neufeld
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Farmácia, CCS, Bloco A 2o andar, Ilha do Fundão, CEP 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Simone N. Miranda
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Farmácia, CCS, Bloco A 2o andar, Ilha do Fundão, CEP 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Celuta S. Alviano
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Goes, CCS, Bloco I, Ilha do Fundão, CEP 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniela S. Alviano
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Goes, CCS, Bloco I, Ilha do Fundão, CEP 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Suzana G. Leitão
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Farmácia, CCS, Bloco A 2o andar, Ilha do Fundão, CEP 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Maffei ME, Gertsch J, Appendino G. Plant volatiles: Production, function and pharmacology. Nat Prod Rep 2011; 28:1359-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c1np00021g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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41
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Alhusainy W, Paini A, Punt A, Louisse J, Spenkelink A, Vervoort J, Delatour T, Scholz G, Schilter B, Adams T, van Bladeren P, Rietjens I. Identification of nevadensin as an important herb-based constituent inhibiting estragole bioactivation and physiology-based biokinetic modeling of its possible in vivo effect. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2010; 245:179-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2010.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2009] [Revised: 02/17/2010] [Accepted: 02/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Arvidson KB, Valerio LG, Diaz M, Chanderbhan RF. In Silico Toxicological Screening of Natural Products. Toxicol Mech Methods 2008; 18:229-42. [DOI: 10.1080/15376510701856991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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44
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Aglarova AM, Zilfikarov IN, Severtseva OV. Biological characteristics and useful properties of tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.) (review). Pharm Chem J 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-008-0064-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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45
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Jeurissen SMF, Punt A, Delatour T, Rietjens IMCM. Basil extract inhibits the sulfotransferase mediated formation of DNA adducts of the procarcinogen 1'-hydroxyestragole by rat and human liver S9 homogenates and in HepG2 human hepatoma cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 46:2296-302. [PMID: 18433972 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2007] [Revised: 12/23/2007] [Accepted: 03/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The effects of a basil extract on the sulfation and concomitant DNA adduct formation of the proximate carcinogen 1'-hydroxyestragole were studied using rat and human liver S9 homogenates and the human hepatoma cell line HepG2. Basil was chosen since it contains the procarcinogen estragole that can be metabolized to 1'-hydroxyestragole by cytochrome P450 enzymes. Basil extract addition to incubations of rat and human liver S9 homogenates with 1'-hydroxyestragole, the sulfotransferase cofactor PAPS, and 2'-deoxyguanosine resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of N2-(trans-isoestragol-3'-yl)-2'-deoxyguanosine formation. Because the inhibition resembled the inhibition by the sulfotransferase inhibitor pentachlorophenol and since the inhibition was not observed in incubations with the direct electrophile 1'-acetoxyestragole it is concluded that the inhibition occurs at the level of the sulfotransferase mediated bioactivation step. Additional experiments in HepG2 cells revealed the same protective effect of basil extract in intact cells, demonstrating that the inhibitors are able to enter the cells. The results of this study suggest that bioactivation and subsequent adverse effects of 1'-hydroxyestragole might be lower in a matrix of other basil ingredients than what would be expected on the basis of experiments using 1'-hydroxyestragole as a single compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M F Jeurissen
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Tuinlaan 5, 6703 HE Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Li F, Yang XW. Biotransformation of myrislignan by rat liver microsomes in vitro. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2008; 69:765-771. [PMID: 17964618 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2007] [Revised: 06/24/2007] [Accepted: 09/14/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Myrislignan (1), erythro-(1R,2S)-2-(4-allyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenoxyl)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) propan-1-ol, is a major acyclic neolignan in seeds of Myristica fragrans. Studies have suggested that myrislignan may deter feeding activity, but little is known about its metabolism. We investigated the biotransformation of myrislignan by rat liver microsomes in vitro. Seven metabolites were produced by liver microsomes from rats pre-treated with sodium phenobarbital. These were identified, using spectroscopic methods, as myrislignanometins A-G (2-8), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, PR China
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Jeurissen SMF, Claassen FW, Havlik J, Bouwmans EE, Cnubben NHP, Sudhölter EJR, Rietjens IMCM, van Beek TA. Development of an on-line high performance liquid chromatography detection system for human cytochrome P450 1A2 inhibitors in extracts of natural products. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1141:81-9. [PMID: 17184784 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2006] [Revised: 11/27/2006] [Accepted: 12/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An on-line HPLC screening method for detection of inhibitors of human cytochrome P450 1A2 in extracts was developed. HPLC separation of extracts is connected to a continuous methoxyresorufin-O-demethylation (MROD) assay in which recombinant human P450 1A2 converts methoxyresorufin to its fluorescent metabolite resorufin. The system was tested with three P450 1A2 inhibitors, for which minimum detectable amounts (MDA) ranging from 0.7 to 9.5 ng were obtained. Analysis of a kava kava and a basil extract showed that the on-line system is applicable to complex mixtures, since in both extracts, peaks with P450 1A2 inhibiting activity were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M F Jeurissen
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Merle H, Ferriol M, Boira H, Blázquez A. Composition of the Essential Oil ofDictamnus hispanicusfrom Spain. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2006.9699148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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49
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Križman M, Baričevič D, Prošek M. Fast quantitative determination of volatile constituents in fennel by headspace-gas chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Silva MRR, Oliveira JG, Fernandes OFL, Passos XS, Costa CR, Souza LKH, Lemos JA, Paula JR. Antifungal activity of Ocimum gratissimum towards dermatophytes. Mycoses 2005; 48:172-5. [PMID: 15842332 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2005.01100.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The development of more effective and less toxic antifungal agents is required for the treatment of dermatophytosis. Plants and their preparations have been used as medicines against infectious diseases. Extracts of Ocimum gratissimum leaves were investigated for in vitro antifungal activity, using agar dilution technique against dermatophytes. The extracts (hexane, chloroform fractions, the essential oil and eugenol) produced antifungal activities against Microsporum canis, M. gypseum, Trichophyton rubrum and T. mentagrophytes. Trichophyton rubrum, the most common aetiological agent of dermatophytosis in Goiânia, state of Goiás, Brazil, was also the most susceptible dermatophyte. The hexane fraction and eugenol were the most active. Hexane fraction inhibited the growth of 100% of dermatophytes at a concentration of 125 microg ml(-1), while eugenol inhibited the growth of 80% of dermatophytes at this same concentration. These results show that extracts of O. gratissimum are active in vitro against human pathogenic dermatophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R R Silva
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública da UFG, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
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