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Duan L, Du X, Zhao H, Sun Y, Liu W. Sensitive and selective sensing system of metallothioneins based on carbon quantum dots and gold nanoparticles. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1125:177-186. [PMID: 32674764 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a sensitive and selective sensing system for the detection of metallothioneins (MTs). The system is based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). In this method, the fluorescence emission of CQDs was quenched by AuNPs due to FRET. When MTs were added to the CQD-AuNP system, the strong combination between thiol group and Au made the CQDs release from AuNPs, and the fluorescence of CQDs was recovered. The CQD-AuNP system can detect the MTs in aqueous solution (pH 3.0, citrate-HCl buffer) selectively and sensitively with a short response time (15 min). Results show that the fluorescence recovery efficiency has a good linear relationship with the MTs concentration in the range of 12-210 nmol L-1, and the limit of detection was 5.25 × 10-9 mol L-1. Furthermore, the sensing system was utilized to determine MTs in human urine samples with satisfactory results. The proposed system exhibits the advantages of high sensitivity, high selectivity, easy operation and most importantly, low cost and non-cytotoxicity to detect protein MTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Duan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Xiaoyu Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Huijun Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Yue Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China.
| | - Wen Liu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
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2
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Jia Q, Dahms HU, Wang L. Detection of Metallothionein Proteins by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:544-554. [DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666191127124629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are low-molecular-weight, cysteine-rich proteins that bind to heavy
metals. MTs play a key role in the homeostasis of metal ions, maintaining intracellular redox equilibria
and free radical scavenging. In several studies, under different conditions such as cancer development,
drug therapy and heavy metal stress, the unique structural changes and functional effects of MT were
studied. Although several assays are available to monitor the content and type of Metallothionein (MT)
from environmental samples or in biomedical assays, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA)
became the preferred method of MT detection. ELISA is low in cost, specific, simple, and efficient.
This review evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of using different types of ELISA in the
detection of metallothioneins from environmental or clinical samples as well as ways of its validation
and cross-validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Jia
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Hans-Uwe Dahms
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Lan Wang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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3
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Determination of Metallothionein Isoforms in Fish by Cadmium Saturation Combined with Anion Exchange HPLC-ICP-MS. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3523-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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4
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Merlos Rodrigo MA, Krejcova L, Kudr J, Cernei N, Kopel P, Richtera L, Moulick A, Hynek D, Adam V, Stiborova M, Eckschlager T, Heger Z, Zitka O. Fully automated two-step assay for detection of metallothionein through magnetic isolation using functionalized γ-Fe 2O 3 particles. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1039:17-27. [PMID: 27825623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are involved in heavy metal detoxification in a wide range of living organisms. Currently, it is well known that MTs play substantial role in many pathophysiological processes, including carcinogenesis, and they can serve as diagnostic biomarkers. In order to increase the applicability of MT in cancer diagnostics, an easy-to-use and rapid method for its detection is required. Hence, the aim of this study was to develop a fully automated and high-throughput assay for the estimation of MT levels. Here, we report the optimal conditions for the isolation of MTs from rabbit liver and their characterization using MALDI-TOF MS. In addition, we described a two-step assay, which started with an isolation of the protein using functionalized paramagnetic particles and finished with their electrochemical analysis. The designed easy-to-use, cost-effective, error-free and fully automated procedure for the isolation of MT coupled with a simple analytical detection method can provide a prototype for the construction of a diagnostic instrument, which would be appropriate for the monitoring of carcinogenesis or MT-related chemoresistance of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Angel Merlos Rodrigo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Krejcova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Kudr
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Natalia Cernei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kopel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Richtera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Amitava Moulick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Hynek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Stiborova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, CZ-128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Eckschlager
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, CZ-150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Zitka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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5
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Chen SH, Wang YS, Chen YS, Tang X, Cao JX, Li MH, Wang XF, Zhu YF, Huang YQ. Dual-channel detection of metallothioneins and mercury based on a mercury-mediated aptamer beacon using thymidine-mercury-thymidine complex as a quencher. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 151:315-321. [PMID: 26143324 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.06.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel dual-channel strategy for the detection of metallothioneins (MTs) and Hg(2+) has been developed based on a mercury-mediated aptamer beacon (MAB) using thymidine-mercury-thymidine complex as a quencher for the first time. In the presence of Hg(2+), the T-rich oligonucleotide with a 6-carboxyfluorescein (TRO-FAM) can form an aptamer beacon via the formation of T-Hg(2+)-T base pairs, which results in a fluorescence quenching of the sensing system owing to the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from the fluorophore of FAM to the terminated T-Hg(2+)-T base pair. The addition of MTs into this solution leads to the disruption of the T-Hg(2+)-T complex, resulting in an increase of the fluorescent signal of the system. In the optimizing condition, ΔF was directly proportional to the concentrations ranging from 5.63 nM to 0.275 μM for MTs, and 14.2 nM to 0.30 μM for Hg(2+) with the detection limits of 1.69 nM and 4.28 nM, respectively. The proposed dual-channel method avoids the label steps of a quencher in common molecular beacon strategies, without tedious procedure or the requirement of sophisticated equipment, and is rapid, inexpensive and sensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Han Chen
- College of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Yong-Sheng Wang
- College of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China.
| | - Yun-Sheng Chen
- College of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Xian Tang
- College of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Jin-Xiu Cao
- College of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Ming-Hui Li
- College of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wang
- College of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Yu-Feng Zhu
- College of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Yan-Qin Huang
- College of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
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6
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Yan YQ, Tang X, Wang YS, Li MH, Cao JX, Chen SH, Zhu YF, Wang XF, Huang YQ. A sensitive and selective fluorescence assay for metallothioneins by exploiting the surface energy transfer between rhodamine 6G and gold nanoparticles. Mikrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-015-1457-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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7
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Qian QM, Wang YS, Zhou B, Xue JH, Li L, Wang YS, Wang JC, Yin JC, Liu SD, Zhao H, Liu H. Fluorescence quenching determination of metallothioneins using 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulphonic acid-Cd(II) chelate. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 118:992-998. [PMID: 24161863 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.09.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel method for the determination of metallothioneins (MTs) in urine was developed by fluorescence quenching strategy. The response signals linearly correlated with the concentration of MTs in the ranges of 3.12×10(-8)-1.23×10(-6) mol L(-1), and the limit of detection (LOD) was 9.36×10(-9) mol L(-1). The proposed method avoids the label and derivatization steps in common methods, and is reliable, inexpensive and sensitive. Furthermore, the interaction of MTs and 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulphonic acid (HQS)-Cd(II) chelate was investigated, and a static quenching mode was proposed to be primarily responsible for the fluorescence quenching event. It could provide a promising potential for the detection of the biomacromolecules which have no native fluorescence, and be benefit to extend the application of fluorescence strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Mei Qian
- College of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
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8
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Campanella B, Bramanti E. Detection of proteins by hyphenated techniques with endogenous metal tags and metal chemical labelling. Analyst 2014; 139:4124-53. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an00722k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The absolute and relative quantitation of proteins plays a fundamental role in modern proteomics, as it is the key to understand still unresolved biological questions in medical and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Campanella
- National Research Council of Italy
- C.N.R
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organo Metallici-ICCOM-UOS Pisa
- 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Emilia Bramanti
- National Research Council of Italy
- C.N.R
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organo Metallici-ICCOM-UOS Pisa
- 56124 Pisa, Italy
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9
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Qian QM, Wang YS, Yang HX, Xue JH, Liu L, Zhou B, Wang JC, Yin JC, Wang YS. Colorimetric detection of metallothioneins using a thymine-rich oligonucleotide-Hg complex and gold nanoparticles. Anal Biochem 2013; 436:45-52. [PMID: 23357234 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2013.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A simple and sensitive method for label-free, colorimetric detection of metallothioneins (MTs) has been developed by using a thymine (T)-rich oligonucleotide (TRO)-Hg-AuNP system. In this colorimetric strategy, the thiol groups of MTs could interact with mercury from the T-Hg(2+)-T complex to release TRO, resulting in a color change of the system. The response signals linearly correlated with the concentration of MTs over the range of 2.56 × 10(-8) to 3.08 × 10(-7) mol L(-1), and the limit of detection was 7.67 × 10(-9) mol L(-1). The relative standard deviation and the recovery were 2.3-4.8% (n = 11) and 94.2-103.9%, respectively. The proposed method avoids the label and derivatization steps in common methods, allows direct analysis of the samples by the naked eye without costly instruments, and is reliable, inexpensive, and sensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Mei Qian
- College of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, People's Republic of China
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11
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Krizkova S, Blahova P, Nakielna J, Fabrik I, Adam V, Eckschlager T, Beklova M, Svobodova Z, Horak V, Kizek R. Comparison of Metallothionein Detection by Using Brdicka Reaction and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Employing Chicken Yolk Antibodies. ELECTROANAL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200900243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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12
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Krizkova S, Adam V, Eckschlager T, Kizek R. Using of chicken antibodies for metallothionein detection in human blood serum and cadmium-treated tumour cell lines after dot- and electroblotting. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:3726-35. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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13
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Fabrik I, Krizkova S, Huska D, Adam V, Hubalek J, Trnkova L, Eckschlager T, Kukacka J, Prusa R, Kizek R. Employment of Electrochemical Techniques for Metallothionein Determination in Tumor Cell Lines and Patients with a Tumor Disease. ELECTROANAL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200704215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Mosleh YY, Paris-Palacios S, Ahmed MT, Mahmoud FM, Osman MA, Biagianti-Risbourg S. Effects of chitosan on oxidative stress and metallothioneins in aquatic worm Tubifex tubifex (Oligochaeta, Tubificidae). CHEMOSPHERE 2007; 67:167-75. [PMID: 17187843 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2006] [Revised: 08/16/2006] [Accepted: 09/01/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan is a natural polymer which has the property to elicit the natural defenses mechanism in plant and which can be an interesting biopesticides. It is then necessary to investigate the potential toxicity of chitosan for aquatic animal health. Metallothioneins (MTs) are low molecular weight proteins, mainly implicated in metal ion detoxification. Increase in MTs contents had been considered as a specific biomarker of metal exposure. However recently it has been demonstrated that MTs participate in several cellular functions such as regulation of growth and anti-oxidative defenses. Therefore, the induction of MTs has been investigated in the aquatic worms Tubifex tubifex exposed to chitosan. MTs levels in exposed worm increased significantly (p > 0.05) after 2, 4, and 7 days of exposure to different concentrations of chitosan (maximum + 158.19 +/- 10.2% after 2 days of exposure to 125 mgl(-1) of chitosan). Several antioxidant parameters including glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), and catalase (CAT) were quantified in T. tubifex after 2, 4, and 7 days of exposure to chitosan. Exposure to chitosan had a negative effect on T. tubifex growth (maximum effect -6.11 +/- 1.6% after 7 days with 125 mgl(-1)) demonstrating the toxic effect of the pesticide. This growth rate decrease was accompanied by a reduction in protein contents. The activity of catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and glutathione reductase (GR) increased in response to the chitosan demonstrating an oxidative stress in the worms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahia Y Mosleh
- Laboratoire d'Eco-Toxicologie, Unité de Recherche sur la Vigne et le Vin de Champagne, UPRES-EA 2069 Faculté des Sciences, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims cedex 02, France.
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Demuynck S, Grumiaux F, Mottier V, Schikorski D, Lemière S, Leprêtre A. Metallothionein response following cadmium exposure in the oligochaete Eisenia fetida. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2006; 144:34-46. [PMID: 16814611 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2006.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2005] [Revised: 05/10/2006] [Accepted: 05/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We studied the metallothionein (MT) response in cadmium-exposed worms (Eisenia fetida) both at the protein level by Dot Immunobinding Assay (DIA) with a polyclonal antibody raised against the most immunogenic part of this protein and at the expression level by Northern blotting using a specific probe. MT appeared as two close isoforms. DIA results clearly demonstrated significant differences in MT level of whole worm heat-treated supernatants between E. fetida exposed to Cd concentrations as low as 8 mg Cd kg(-1) of dry soil compared to controls. Northern blotting analysis performed on whole bodies of worms revealed that a single exposure to 8 mg Cd kg(-1) of dry soil for 1 day resulted in the production of MT mRNA. This response was maintained for exposure of at least 1 month. Clear differences of MT gene expression were also observed between worms exposed to different Cd concentrations (8, 80 or 800 mg Cd kg(-1) of dry soil). Immunocytochemistry demonstrated that MT was located in the chloragogenous tissue surrounding the gut where metals are known to be accumulated. This work revealed that E. fetida MT is a sensitive and relevant biomarker of Cd exposure and especially when considering gene expression response. Further experiments have now to prove its usefulness in natural metal-contaminated soil toxicity assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Demuynck
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Numérique et d'Ecotoxicologie, UPRES EA 3570, FR 1818 CNRS, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France.
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16
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Mosleh YY, Paris-Palacios S, Biagianti-Risbourg S. Metallothioneins induction and antioxidative response in aquatic worms Tubifex tubifex (Oligochaeta, Tubificidae) exposed to copper. CHEMOSPHERE 2006; 64:121-8. [PMID: 16330073 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2005] [Revised: 10/20/2005] [Accepted: 10/24/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs), are low molecular weight proteins, mainly implicated in metal ion detoxification. Increase in MT contents is considered as a specific biomarker of metal exposure. Recently it has been demonstrated that MTs participate in several cellular functions such as regulation of growth, and antioxidative defences. Tubifex tubifex were exposed to different copper concentrations (50, 100, and 200 microgl(-1)) for 7 and 15 days. MT levels in exposed worms increased significantly (p<0.05) after 7 and 15 days of exposure to different concentrations of copper (maximum +208% for 100 microgl(-1) after 7 days of exposure). Also important perturbation in metal-metallothionein content occurred, along with an increase in total soluble protein content in all treated worms after 7 and 15 days (max. +88.49%). Catalase activities (CAT) in Cu treated-worms were significantly increased, and demonstrated a development of antioxidative defenses. Additionally a reduction of gulathione-S-transferase (GST) was observed in all treated worms after 7 days of exposure to Cu (max. -44.42%). The high induction of MTs observed during T. tubifex exposure to Cu make them potentially useful biomarkers to monitor metal pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahia Y Mosleh
- Laboratoire d'Eco-Toxicologie, Unité de Recherche sur la Vigne et le Vin de Champagne UPRES-EA 2069, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims, cedex 02, France.
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Ronco AM, Garrido F, Llanos MN. Smoking specifically induces metallothionein-2 isoform in human placenta at term. Toxicology 2006; 223:46-53. [PMID: 16621216 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2006.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2005] [Revised: 03/02/2006] [Accepted: 03/06/2006] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we reported the presence of higher levels of metallothionein (MT) in placentas of smokers compared to non-smokers. In the present study, we designed experiments to separate and evaluate two isoforms of MT (MT-1 and MT-2) in placentas of smokers and non-smokers. Metallothionein was extracted and separated by ion-exchange high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), previous saturation with cadmium chloride. Two peaks eluting at 6 and 12.5 min, corresponding to MT-1 and MT-2, respectively, were obtained. Metallothionein present in both peaks was identified by Western blot analysis using a monoclonal antibody directed against MT-1 and MT-2. Each isoform concentration was calculated after measuring its cadmium content by atomic absorption spectrometry with inductively coupled-plasma. In placentas of smokers, MT-2 levels increased by seven-fold compared to non-smokers, whereas MT-1 was not changed. Total placental cadmium and zinc concentrations, determined by atomic absorption spectrometry and neutron activation analysis, respectively, were higher in smokers. Metallothioneins levels were clearly in excess to bind all cadmium ions present in placentas. However, most of placental zinc remains unbound to MTs, although as much as twice zinc ions could be bound to MT in smokers. In conclusion, MT-2 is the main isoform induced by smoking, suggesting that this isoform could be involved in placental cadmium and zinc retention. This fact, which could contribute to reduce the transference of zinc to the fetus, may be associated to detrimental effects on fetal growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Ronco
- Laboratorio de Hormonas y Receptores, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, INTA, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 138-11, El Libano 5524, Macul, Santiago, Chile.
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Mosleh YY, Paris-Palacios S, Couderchet M, Biagianti-Risbourg S, Vernet G. Effects of the herbicide isoproturon on metallothioneins, growth, and antioxidative defenses in the aquatic worm Tubifex tubifex (Oligochaeta, Tubificidae). ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2005; 14:559-71. [PMID: 16220362 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-005-0008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2004] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are low molecular weight proteins, mainly implicated in metal ion detoxification. Increase in MT contents is considered to be a specific biomarker of metal exposure. Recently it has been demonstrated that MTs participate in several cellular functions such as regulation of growth, and antioxidative defenses. Therefore, the induction of MTs as biomarkers of exposure to the pesticide isoproturon has been investigated in the aquatic worms Tubifex tubifex. MT levels in exposed worms increased significantly (p < 0.05) after 2, 4, and 7 days of exposure to different concentrations of isoproturon (maximum increase compared to unexposed controls: +148.56% for 10 mg l(-1) after 4 days of exposure). In response to isoproturon, the activity of glutathione-S-transferase (max. +52%), glutathione-reductase (max. +100%), and catalase (max. +117%) increased, demonstrating the occurrence of an oxidative stress response to the herbicide. Thus, the increase in MT contents caused by isoproturon was interpreted as a defense response towards increased oxidative stress generated by the herbicide. Residues of isoproturon and its metabolites, 1-(4-isopropylphenyl)-3-methylurea, 1-(4-isopropylphenyl) urea, and 4-isopropylanilin were detected in the worm growth medium. Half-life of the herbicide was shorter at a low (0.1 mg l(-1)) initial concentration. The herbicide accumulated in T. tubifex but no metabolite could be detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahia Y Mosleh
- Laboratoire d'Eco-Toxicologie, Unité de Recherche sur la Vigne et le Vin de Champagne, EA 2069 Faculté des Sciences, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, B.P. 1039, Reims cedex 02, 51687 France
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Mosleh YY, Paris-Palacios S, Couderchet M, Biagianti-Risbourg S, Vernet G. Metallothionein induction, antioxidative responses, glycogen and growth changes in Tubifex tubifex (Oligochaete) exposed to the fungicide, fenhexamid. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2005; 135:73-82. [PMID: 15701394 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2004.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2004] [Accepted: 10/15/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the effects of different concentrations of fenhexamid (0.1, 1, and 10 mg L(-1)) on growth, oxidative stress, protein, glycogen, and metallothionein (MT) contents in Tubifex tubifex after an exposure of 2, 4, and 7 days. In addition, residues of the fungicide were followed in water and in the worms. In water, fenhexamid concentration decreased slowly (maximum -2 +/- 0.03% after 2 days for 1 mg L(-1)). In the worms, it increased after 4 days and decreased thereafter, confirming that the worms were exposed to the fungicide and not to a degradation product. LC50 values were between 95.22 +/- 5.36 and 32.11 +/- 1.8 mg L(-1) depending on exposure time. Exposure to fenhexamid had a negative effect on T. tubifex growth (maximum effect -12.2 +/- 0.8% after 7 days with 10 mg L(-1)) demonstrating the toxic effect of the pesticide. This growth rate decrease was accompanied by a reduction in protein and glycogen contents. The activity of catalase (CAT), and glutathione reductase (GR) increased in response to the fungicide demonstrating an oxidative stress in the worms. In contrast glutathion-S-transferase activity (GST) decreased. Exposure to fenhexamid also induced synthesis of MT (maximum +78 +/- 8% after 2 days for 10 mg L(-1)). The specificity of MT concentration increase in response to metals is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahia Y Mosleh
- Laboratoire d'Eco-Toxicologie, Unité de Recherche sur la Vigne et le Vin de Champagne EA 2069, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims cedex 02, France.
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Visser NFC, Lingeman H, Irth H. Sample preparation for peptides and proteins in biological matrices prior to liquid chromatography and capillary zone electrophoresis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 382:535-58. [PMID: 15834556 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-005-3120-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2004] [Revised: 01/17/2005] [Accepted: 01/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The determination of peptides and proteins in a biological matrix normally includes a sample-preparation step to obtain a sample that can be injected into a separation system in such a way that peptides and proteins of interest can be determined qualitatively and/or quantitatively. This can be a rather challenging, labourious and/or time-consuming process. The extract obtained after sample preparation is further separated using a compatible separation system. Liquid chromatography (LC) is the generally applied technique for this purpose, but capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) is an alternative, providing fast, versatile and efficient separations. In this review, the recent developments in the combination of sample-preparation procedures with LC and CZE, for the determination of peptides and proteins, will be discussed. Emphasis will be on purification from and determination in complex biological matrices (plasma, cell lysates, etc.) of these compounds and little attention will be paid to the proteomics area. Additional focus will be put on sample-preparation conditions, which can be 'hard' or 'soft', and on selectivity issues. Selectivity issues will be addressed in combination with the used separation technique and a comparison between LC and CZE will be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- N F C Visser
- Faculty of Sciences, Division of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1083, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Ronco AM, Arguello G, Suazo M, Llanos MN. Increased levels of metallothionein in placenta of smokers. Toxicology 2005; 208:133-9. [PMID: 15664440 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2004.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2004] [Revised: 11/08/2004] [Accepted: 11/11/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Experiments were designed to evaluate and compare metallothionein (MT), zinc and cadmium levels in human placentas of smoking and non-smoking women. Smoking was assessed by self-reported cigarette consumption and urine cotinine levels before delivery. Smoking pregnant women with urine cotinine levels higher than 130 ng/ml were included in the smoking group. Determination of placental MT was performed by western blot analysis after tissue homogenization and saturation with cadmium chloride (1000 ppm). Metallothionein was analyzed with a monoclonal antibody raised against MT-1 and MT-2 and with a second anti mouse antibody conjugated to alkaline phosphatase. Zinc and cadmium were determined by neutron activation analysis and atomic absorption spectrometry respectively. Smokers showed higher placental MT and cadmium levels, together with decreased newborn birth weights, as compared to non-smokers. The semi-quantitative analysis of western blots by band densitometry indicated that darker bands corresponded to MT present in smokers' samples. This study confirms that cigarette smoking increases cadmium accumulation in placental tissue and suggests that this element has a stimulatory effect on placental MT production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Ronco
- Laboratorio de Hormonas y Receptores, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, INTA, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 138-11, Santiago, Chile.
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Mosleh YY, Paris-Palacios S, Arnoult F, Couderchet M, Biagianti-Risbourg S, Vernet G. Metallothionein induction in aquatic oligochaete tubifex tubifex exposed to herbicide isoproturon. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2004; 19:88-93. [PMID: 14758596 DOI: 10.1002/tox.10153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are low-molecular-weight proteins mainly involved in metal ion detoxification. Recently it has been demonstrated that MTs participate in several cellular functions such as regulation of growth and antioxidative defenses. Moreover, pesticides can induce their synthesis. The aim of the current work was to determine the effects of isoproturon, either pure or formulated as Matin (suspension containing an isoproturon concentration of 500 g. L(-1)), on the metallothionein and total protein contents of the aquatic worm Tubifex tubifex. MT levels in exposed worms increased significantly after 7 and 15 days of exposure to a concentration of the herbicide of 50 mg. L(-1). Isoproturon reduced the metal (Cu, Zn, and Cd) content of metallothioneins, and it also increased the total protein content of the worms. These results suggest that MT induction may not be considered a specific biomarker of metal exposure but that it can be used as a nonspecific biomarker of the effect of isoproturon effect in aquatic worms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Mosleh
- Laboratoire d'Eco-Toxicologie, Unité de Recherche sur la Vigne et le Vin de Champagne-UPRES-EA 2069, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims cedex 02, France.
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Sample preparation for speciation analysis for metallobiomolecules. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-526x(03)41037-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
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Lavorante AF, Giné MF, Gervasio APG, Miranda CES, Fiore MF, Bellato CM, Carrilho E. Identification of a Metallothionein in Synechococcus by Capillary Electrophoresis Hyphenated with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. ANAL SCI 2003; 19:1611-6. [PMID: 14696923 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19.1611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A home-made system hyphenating capillary electrophoresis with an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (CE-ICP-MS) for cadmium speciation of protein-binding and free cadmium ions in solution is presented. The CE-ICP-MS interface consisted of an acrylic block with an internal volume ca. 20 microL in which a platinum electrode, a capillary column, and a connection to an ICP nebulizer were inserted. A make-up electrolyte solution containing 50 mmol L(-1) Tris-HCl buffer solution (pH 9.0) was continuously flowed through the interface to the ICP nebulizer. The separation of free Cd ions, Cd-cysteine, and Cd bounded to metallothionein (MT) isoforms from rabbit liver was carried out by capillary electrophoresis, and the analytes were detected by ICP-MS. The feasibility to isolate metallothionein compounds extracted from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus PCC7942 was demonstrated. The Cd binding proteins were induced in Synechococcus PCC7942 and further analyzed by CE ICP-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- André F Lavorante
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Centenário 303, 13416-000, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Minami T, Ichida S, Kubo K. Study of metallothionein using capillary zone electrophoresis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2002; 781:303-11. [PMID: 12450665 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(02)00496-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) have many different functions in tissues, but the roles of individual isoforms are still not entirely clear. Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) is a powerful method for the separation of substances because of its small sample requirement, rapid analysis, high sensitivity and high resolution. The separation and identification of mammalian MT-1, MT-2, and MT-3 and class III MTs by CZE has been reported. Uncoated and polyacrylamide-coated capillary tubes were recently used for the separation of MTs, and a UV detector is usually employed for observations of peaks of MTs. Small changes to the structure and metal components of MTs are reflected in the migration times of the peaks. N-acetylated and non-acetylated MTs can be separated and identified by CZE-mass spectrometry (MS). In addition, metal complexes with MTs can be characterized by CZE-proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) detector and CZE-inductively coupled plasma (ICP)-MS. For the quantification of an MT isoform, the peak area of UV absorption is used, but the technique has problems. One is lack of a purified isoform standard. The other is the need for a suitable internal standard substance. CZE-ICP-isotope dilution (ID)-MS is also reported to be able to quantify MT isoforms. CZE combined with other techniques is very effective for separation and quantitative and qualitative analyses of MT isoforms in biological materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Minami
- Laboratory of Environmental Biology, Department of Life Science, School of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
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Dabrio M, Rodríguez AR, Bordin G, Bebianno MJ, De Ley M, Sestáková I, Vasák M, Nordberg M. Recent developments in quantification methods for metallothionein. J Inorg Biochem 2002; 88:123-34. [PMID: 11803033 DOI: 10.1016/s0162-0134(01)00374-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The metallothioneins (MT), a family of proteins with relatively low molecular weight (6-7 kDa), are characterised by the intrinsic presence of 20 cysteinyl groups in their structure, which confers unique metal binding properties to the molecule. Since MT are involved in biological roles, quantification of MT remains an important task. To date, a large number of determination methods have been developed. In this paper recent developments, from 1995 to the present, in methodology employed in quantification studies of total MT and MT polymorphism are described. Different fields were taken into consideration, such as (i) separation techniques and hyphenated systems, (ii) electrochemical methods, (iii) immunological methods and (iv) quantification of MT mRNA. The data presented are based on our own and published results. A brief overview of the use of metallothionein as a biomarker is included as a relevant example of the importance of MT quantification. Finally, general problems associated with determination and evaluation of obtained results within the above four topics are mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Dabrio
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
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Yang Y, Maret W, Vallee BL. Differential fluorescence labeling of cysteinyl clusters uncovers high tissue levels of thionein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:5556-9. [PMID: 11331777 PMCID: PMC33251 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.101123298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The isolation of thionein (T) from tissues has not been reported heretofore. T contains 20 cysteinyl residues that react with 7-fluorobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole-4-sulfonamide to form fluorescent adducts. In metallothionein (MT) the cysteinyl residues, which are bound to zinc, do not react. However, they do react in the presence of a chelating agent such as EDTA. The resultant difference in chemical reactivity provides a means to measure T in the absence of EDTA, (MT + T) in its presence, and, of course, MT by difference. The 7-fluorobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole-4-sulfonamide derivative of T can be isolated from tissue homogenates by HPLC and quantified fluorimetrically with a detection limit in the femtomolar range and a linear response over 3 orders of magnitude. Analysis of liver, kidney, and brain of rats reveals almost as much T as MT. Moreover, in contrast to earlier views, MT in tissue extracts appears to be less stable than T. The existence of T in tissues under normal physiological conditions has important implications for its function both in zinc metabolism and the redox balance of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yang
- Center for Biochemical and Biophysical Sciences and Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Seeley G. Mudd Building, 250 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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