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Ghaffarzadegan T, Essén S, Verbrugghe P, Marungruang N, Hållenius FF, Nyman M, Sandahl M. Determination of free and conjugated bile acids in serum of Apoe(-/-) mice fed different lingonberry fractions by UHPLC-MS. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3800. [PMID: 30846721 PMCID: PMC6405994 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40272-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are known to be involved in cholesterol metabolism but interactions between the diet, BA profiles, gut microbiota and lipid metabolism have not been extensively explored. In the present study, primary and secondary BAs including their glycine and taurine-conjugated forms were quantified in serum of Apoe−/− mice by protein precipitation followed by reversed phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and QTOF mass spectrometry. The mice were fed different lingonberry fractions (whole, insoluble and soluble) in a high-fat setting or cellulose in a high and low-fat setting. Serum concentrations of BAs in mice fed cellulose were higher with the high-fat diet compared to the low-fat diet (20–70%). Among the lingonberry diets, the diet containing whole lingonberries had the highest concentration of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), tauro-ursodeoxycholic acid (T-UDCA), α and ω-muricholic acids (MCA) and tauro-α-MCA (T-α-MCA), and the lowest concentration of tauro-cholic acid (T-CA), deoxycholic acid (DCA) and tauro-deoxycholic acid (T-DCA). The glycine-conjugated BAs were very similar with all diets. CDCA, UDCA and α-MCA correlated positively with Bifidobacterium and Prevotella, and T-UDCA, T-α-MCA and ω-MCA with Bacteroides and Parabacteroides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tannaz Ghaffarzadegan
- Food for Health Science Centre, Kemicentrum, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden. .,Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Kemicentrum, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Sofia Essén
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Kemicentrum, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Phebe Verbrugghe
- Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Kemicentrum, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nittaya Marungruang
- Food for Health Science Centre, Kemicentrum, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.,Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Kemicentrum, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Frida Fåk Hållenius
- Food for Health Science Centre, Kemicentrum, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.,Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Kemicentrum, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Margareta Nyman
- Food for Health Science Centre, Kemicentrum, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.,Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Kemicentrum, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Margareta Sandahl
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Kemicentrum, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
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2
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Douša M, Slavíková M, Kubelka T, Černý J, Gibala P, Zezula J. HPLC/UV/MS method application for the separation of obeticholic acid and its related compounds in development process and quality control. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 149:214-224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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3
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Fuchs A, Dressman JB. Composition and physicochemical properties of fasted-state human duodenal and jejunal fluid: a critical evaluation of the available data. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:3398-3411. [PMID: 25277073 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Various methods of sampling and analyzing intestinal fluids have been applied over the years. In this report, data that have been published to date about the composition of fasted-state human intestinal fluid (HIF) and its physicochemical properties are summarized and the influence of the methods used to generate the data is discussed. Key physiological parameters summarized include pH, buffer capacity, osmolarity, and ionic strength in both the fasted duodenum and jejunum. Furthermore, the bile salts and phospholipids in the fasted small intestine are addressed in terms of both qualitative and quantitative composition with respect to the different types and degrees of hydroxylation of bile salts. Taurocholate, glycocholate, and glycochenodeoxycholate were identified as the main bile salts. Lysolecithin was identified as the predominant phospholipid species in fasted HIF because of the enzymatic degradation of lecithin. Together with other intestinal surfactants, such as cholesterol and free fatty acids, the influence of bile acids and phospholipids on the surface tension of fasted HIF was evaluated. A good working knowledge of all the above-mentioned parameters is important to optimize the composition of biorelevant media, with a view to improving the prediction of in vivo dissolution and release performance of drugs and dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Fuchs
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jennifer B Dressman
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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4
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Tønsberg H, Holm R, Mu H, Boll JB, Jacobsen J, Müllertz A. Effect of bile on the oral absorption of halofantrine in polyethylene glycol 400 and polysorbate 80 formulations dosed to bile duct cannulated rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011; 63:817-24. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2011.01286.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of bile on the oral absorption of the poorly water-soluble compound, halofantrine, when administered to rats in vehicles consisting of the co-solvent polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) alone or in mixtures with the surfactant polysorbate 80 (PS 80) (95 : 5; 85 : 15; 75 : 25 PEG 400 : PS 80).
Methods
Halofantrine (17.5 mg/kg) was administered to bile duct cannulated (BDC) and sham-operated rats in a fixed vehicle volume of 5 ml/kg.
Key findings
The bioavailability of halofantrine was significantly lower in BDC rats when dosed with 0–5% PS 80 in PEG 400 compared with BDC rats dosed with >15% PS 80. Increasing the concentration of PS 80 to 15–100% eliminated this difference. A possible explanation for the lower bioavailability of halofantrine in BDC rats when dosed in pure PEG 400 could be the dilution of the vehicle by intestinal fluids, decreased transit time and precipitation in the gastrointestinal tract upon dilution of PEG 400.
Conclusions
The addition of PS 80 to the formulation increased its solubilising power upon dilution and may have inhibited precipitation and substituted the absence of bile above a certain level. Adjusting the level of surfactant in drug formulations could therefore be used to minimise variability in the bioavailability from co-solvent systems based upon differences in bile concentration between individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Tønsberg
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Preformulation, H.Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, Valby, Denmark
| | - René Holm
- Department of Preformulation, H.Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, Valby, Denmark
| | - Huiling Mu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jette Jacobsen
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anette Müllertz
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Bioneer: FARMA, Danish Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmaceutics and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen, Denmark
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5
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Investigation of microencapsulated BSH active lactobacillus in the simulated human GI tract. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2007:13684. [PMID: 18273409 PMCID: PMC2217584 DOI: 10.1155/2007/13684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2007] [Accepted: 10/07/2007] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the use of microencapsulated bile salt hydrolase (BSH) overproducing Lactobacillus plantarum 80 cells for oral delivery applications using a dynamic computer-controlled model simulating the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Bile salt deconjugation rates for microencapsulated BSH overproducing cells were 4.87 ± 0.28 μmol/g microcapsule/h towards glycoconjugates and 0.79 ± 0.15 μmol/g microcapsule/h towards tauroconjugates in the simulated intestine, a significant
(P< .05) increase over microencapsulated wild-type cells. Microcapsules protected the encased cells in the simulated stomach prior to intestinal release, maintaining cell viability above 109 cfu/mL at pH 2.5 and 3.0 and above 106 cfu/mL at pH 2.0 after 2-hour residence times. In the simulated intestine, encased cell viability was maintained above 1010 cfu/mL after 3, 6, and 12-hour residence times in bile concentrations up to 1.0%. Results show that microencapsulation has potential in the oral delivery of live BSH active bacterial cells. However, in vivo testing is required.
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6
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2-(5-Benzoacridine)ethyl-p-toluenesulfonate as sensitive reagent for the determination of bile acids by HPLC with fluorescence detection and online atmospheric chemical ionization-mass spectrometric identification. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 396:2657-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3467-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2009] [Revised: 01/02/2010] [Accepted: 01/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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7
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Vehovec T, Obreza A. Review of operating principle and applications of the charged aerosol detector. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:1549-56. [PMID: 20083252 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2009] [Revised: 12/27/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recently a new detection method, based upon aerosol charging (the charged aerosol detector (CAD)) has been introduced as an alternative to evaporative light-scattering detector (ELSD), chemiluminescent nitrogen detector and refractive index detector for detection of non-ultraviolet and weakly ultraviolet active compounds and for UV-absorbing compounds in the absence of standards. The content of this review article includes description of operation principle, advantages and disadvantages of CAD system, and short reports of selected applications of this detector. The main advantages of CAD detector are unique performance characteristics: better sensitivity than ELSD system, a dynamic range of up to 4 orders of magnitude, ease of use and constancy of response factors. Both detectors are mass dependent and the response generated does not depend on the spectral or physicochemical properties of the analyte. This attractive feature of a detection technique generating universal response factors is the potential use of a single, universal standard for calibration against which all other compounds or impurities can be qualified. CAD also has the same limitation as ELSD, namely, the response is affected by mobile-phase composition. This problem has been resolved by using inverse gradient compensation as is done for high pressure liquid chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography. CAD has been applied for the analysis of structurally diverse compounds used in the pharmaceutical, chemical, food, and consumer products industries and in life science research. They include nonvolatile and semivolatile neutral, acidic, basic, and zwitterionic compounds, both polar and nonpolar (e.g. lipids, proteins, steroids, polymers, carbohydrates, peptides).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Vehovec
- Stability Testing Department, Krka d.d., Smarjeska cesta 6, 8501 Novo mesto, Slovenia.
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8
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Smet ID, Hoorde LV, Saeyer ND, Woestyne MV, Verstraete W. In VitroStudy of Bile Salt Hydrolase (BSH) Activity of BSH IsogenicLactobacillus plantarum80 Strains and Estimation of Cholesterol Lowering through Enhanced BSH Activity. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/08910609409141371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. De Smet
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, University of Gent, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - L. Van Hoorde
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, University of Gent, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - N. De Saeyer
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, University of Gent, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - M. Vande Woestyne
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, University of Gent, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - W. Verstraete
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, University of Gent, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Gent, Belgium
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9
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Vertzoni M, Archontaki H, Reppas C. Determination of intralumenal individual bile acids by HPLC with charged aerosol detection. J Lipid Res 2008; 49:2690-5. [DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d800039-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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10
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Martoni C, Bhathena J, Urbanska AM, Prakash S. Microencapsulated bile salt hydrolase producing Lactobacillus reuteri for oral targeted delivery in the gastrointestinal tract. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 81:225-33. [PMID: 18719901 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-008-1642-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2008] [Revised: 07/29/2008] [Accepted: 07/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This is the first study of its kind to screen probiotic lactic acid bacteria for the purpose of microencapsulating a highly bile salt hydrolase (BSH)-active strain. A Lactobacillus reuteri strain and a Bifidobacterium longum strain were isolated as the highest BSH producers among the candidates. Microcapsules were prepared with a diameter of 619 +/- 31 mum and a cell load of 5 x 10(9) cfu/ml. Post de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe broth-acid challenge, L. reuteri microcapsules metabolized glyco- and tauro-conjugated bile salts at rates of 10.16 +/- 0.46 and 1.85 +/- 0.33 micromol/g microcapsule per hour, respectively, over the first 2 h. Microencapsulated B. longum had minimal BSH activity and were significantly (P < 0.05) more susceptible to acid challenge. Further testing of L. reuteri microcapsules in a simulated human gastrointestinal (GI) model showed an improved rate, with 49.4 +/- 6.21% of glyco-conjugates depleted after 60 min and complete deconjugation after 4 h. Microcapsules protected the encased cells in the simulated stomach maintaining L. reuteri viability above 10(9), 10(8), and 10(6) cfu/ml after 2 h at pH 3.0, 2.5, and 2.0, respectively. Results show excellent potential for this highly BSH-active microencapsulation system in vitro, highlighted by improved viability and substrate utilization in simulated GI transit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Martoni
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Artificial Cells and Organs Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada
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11
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Roubies N, Botsoglou NA. Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Individual Taurine‐Conjugated Bile Acids in Dog Serum. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070802039572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Roubies
- a School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - N. A. Botsoglou
- a School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki, Greece
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12
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Kuver R, Savard CE, Lee SK, Haigh WG, Lee SP. Murine gallbladder epithelial cells can differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells in vitro. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2007; 293:G944-55. [PMID: 17717044 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00263.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We determined whether extrahepatic biliary epithelial cells can differentiate into cells with phenotypic features of hepatocytes. Gallbladders were removed from transgenic mice expressing hepatocyte-specific beta-galactosidase (beta-Gal) and cultured under standard conditions and under experimental conditions designed to induce differentiation into a hepatocyte-like phenotype. Gallbladder epithelial cells (GBEC) cultured under standard conditions exhibited no beta-Gal activity. beta-Gal expression was prominent in 50% of cells cultured under experimental conditions. Similar morphological changes were observed in GBEC from green fluorescent protein transgenic mice cultured under experimental conditions. These cells showed higher levels of mRNA for genes expressed in hepatocytes, but not in GBEC, including aldolase B, albumin, hepatocyte nuclear factor-4alpha, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1, and glutamine synthetase, and they synthesized bile acids. Additional functional evidence of a hepatocyte-like phenotype included LDL uptake and enhanced benzodiazepine metabolism. Connexin-32 expression was evident in murine hepatocytes and in cells cultured under experimental conditions, but not in cells cultured under standard conditions. Notch 1, 2, and 3 and Notch ligand Jagged 1 mRNAs were downregulated in these cells compared with cells cultured under standard conditions. CD34, alpha-fetoprotein, and Sca-1 mRNA were not expressed in cells cultured under standard conditions, suggesting that the hepatocyte-like cells did not arise from hematopoietic stem cells or oval cells. These results point to future avenues for investigation into the potential use of GBEC in the treatment of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kuver
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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13
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Totsuka Y, Nishigaki R, Enomoto S, Takamura-Enya T, Masumura KI, Nohmi T, Kawahara N, Sugimura T, Wakabayashi K. Structures and biological properties of DNA adducts derived from N-nitroso bile acid conjugates. Chem Res Toxicol 2007; 18:1553-62. [PMID: 16533019 DOI: 10.1021/tx050144x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A kind of N-nitrosobile acid conjugate, N-nitrosotaurocholic acid (NO-TCA), was incubated with calf thymus DNA, and formation of an adduct was detected by the 32P-postlabeling method under nuclease P1 conditions. To examine the nucleotides containing the adduct from NO-TCA, each of 2'-deoxyribonucleotide 3'-monophosphates (3'-dAp, 3'-dGp, 3'-dCp, or 3'-Tp) was incubated with NO-TCA. The same adduct spot was detected in the reaction of NO-TCA with 3'-dCp. The structure of this adduct was determined to be 3-ethanesulfonic acid-dC by several spectrometry techniques. Moreover, bulky adducts containing bile acid moiety were also produced from the reaction of NO-TCA with 3'-dCp and 3'-dAp. From comparison with spectral data for authentic compounds, these adducts were concluded to be N4-cholyl-dC and N6-cholyl-dA. N4-Cholyl-dC and N6-cholyl-dA were also detected in calf thymus DNA treated with NO-TCA. In addition, 3-ethanesulfonic acid-dC and N4-deoxycholyl-dC were found to be produced from N-nitrosotaurodeoxycholic acid (NO-TDCA) with dC. NO-TCA and NO-TDCA induced mutations in Salmonella typhimurium TA100 but not in TA98. Mutational spectrum analysis revealed that NO-TCA induced G to A transitions predominantly. When NO-TCA (250 mg/kg) was singly administered to male Wistar rats by gavage, both ethanesulfonic acid-dC and N4-cholyl-dC could be detected in the glandular stomach and colon. The levels of ethanesulfonic acid-dC were 0.22-0.29 per 10(6) nucleotides, but values for N4-cholyl-dC were about 500-fold lower. These observations suggest that N-nitroso bile acid conjugates, NO-TCA and NO-TDCA, may induce G to A base substitutions in genes via DNA adduct formation, producing ethanesulfonic acid- and/or (deoxy)cholic acid-DNA and, therefore, may be related to human carcinogenesis as endogenous mutagens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Totsuka
- Cancer Prevention Basic Research Project, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Tsukiji 5-chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
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14
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Persson E, Löfgren L, Hansson G, Abrahamsson B, Lennernäs H, Nilsson R. Simultaneous assessment of lipid classes and bile acids in human intestinal fluid by solid-phase extraction and HPLC methods. J Lipid Res 2007; 48:242-51. [PMID: 17062898 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d600035-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study reported here was to develop a method for the determination of lipid classes in intestinal fluids, including bile acids (BAs). A solid-phase extraction (SPE) method using C18 and silica columns for the separation of BAs, phospholipids (PLs), and neutral lipids (NLs), including free fatty acids, has been developed and validated. Fed-state small intestinal fluid collected from humans was treated with orlistat to inhibit lipolysis and mixed with acetic acid and methanol before SPE to maximize lipid recoveries. BAs, PLs, and NLs were isolated using lipophilic and polar solvents to promote elution from the SPE columns. The different lipid classes were subsequently analyzed using three separately optimized HPLC methods with evaporative light-scattering detectors. High recoveries (>90%) of all lipids evaluated were observed, with low coefficients of variation (<5%). The HPLC methods developed were highly reproducible and allowed baseline separation of nearly all lipid classes investigated. In conclusion, these methods provide a means of lipid class analysis of NLs, PLs, and BAs in human fed-state small intestinal fluid, with potential use in other fluids from the intestinal tract and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Persson
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, S-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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15
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You J, Shi Y, Zhao X, Zhang H, Suo Y, Yulin L, Wang H, Sun J. Enhancement of atmospheric pressure chemical ionization for the determination of free and glycine-conjugated bile acids in human serum. J Sep Sci 2006; 29:2837-46. [PMID: 17305246 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200500463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A highly sensitive and accurate method based on the precolumn derivatization of bile acids (BA) with a high ionization efficiency labeling reagent 1,2-benzo-3,4-dihydrocarbazole-9-ethyl-benzenesulfonate (BDEBS) coupled with LC/MS has been developed. After derivatization, BA molecules introduced a weak basic nitrogen atom into the molecular core structure that was readily ionized in commonly used acidic HPLC mobile phases. Derivatives were sufficiently stable to be efficiently analyzed by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI)-MS/MS in positive-ion mode. The MS/MS spectra of BA derivatives showed an intense protonated molecular ion at m/z [M + H]+. The collision-induced dissociation of the molecular ion produced fragment ions at [MH-H2O]+, [MH-2H2O]+, [MH-3H2O]+. The characteristic fragment ions were at m/z 320.8, 262.8, and 243.7 corresponding to a cleavage of N-CO, O-CO, and C-OCO, respectively, and bonds of derivatized molecules. The selected reaction monitoring, based on the m/z [M+H]+ --> [MH-H2O]+, [MH-2H2O]+, [MH-3H2O]+, 320.8, 262.8, and 243.7 transitions, was highly specific for the BA derivatives. The LODs for APCI in a positive-ion mode, at an S/N of 5, were 44.36-153.6 fmol. The validation results showed high accuracy in the range of 93-107% and the mean interday precision for all standards was <15% at broad linear dynamic ranges (0.0244-25 nmol/mL). Good linear responses were observed with coefficients of > 0.9935 in APCI/MS detection. Therefore, the facile BDEBS derivatization coupled with mass spectrometric analysis allowed the development of a highly sensitive and specific method for the quantitation of trace levels of the free and glycine-conjugated BA from human serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmao You
- College of Chemistry Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu Shandong, PR China.
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16
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Yoshimura T, Taniguchi T, Kurosawa T, Kimura A, Tolima M. High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Conjugated and Unconjugated 3-Oxo-Δ4- and 3-Oxo-Δ4,6-Bile Acids in Human Urine. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079708013663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teruki Yoshimura
- a Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Health Sciences University of Hokkaido Ishikari-Tobetsu , Hokkaido, 061-02, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Taniguchi
- a Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Health Sciences University of Hokkaido Ishikari-Tobetsu , Hokkaido, 061-02, Japan
| | - Takao Kurosawa
- a Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Health Sciences University of Hokkaido Ishikari-Tobetsu , Hokkaido, 061-02, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kimura
- b Department of Pediatrics and Child Health , Kurume University School of Medicine , Kurume, Fukuoka, 830, Japan
| | - Masahiko Tolima
- a Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Health Sciences University of Hokkaido Ishikari-Tobetsu , Hokkaido, 061-02, Japan
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17
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Villette V, Herbreteau B, Lafosse M, Dreux M. Free Bile Acid Analysis by Supercritical Fluid Chromato Graphy and Evaporative Light Scattering Detection. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079608014007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Villette
- a Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique. URA CNRS 499 Université d'Orléans , B.P. 6759, 45067, Orléans, Cedex, 2, France
| | - B. Herbreteau
- a Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique. URA CNRS 499 Université d'Orléans , B.P. 6759, 45067, Orléans, Cedex, 2, France
| | - M. Lafosse
- a Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique. URA CNRS 499 Université d'Orléans , B.P. 6759, 45067, Orléans, Cedex, 2, France
| | - M. Dreux
- a Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique. URA CNRS 499 Université d'Orléans , B.P. 6759, 45067, Orléans, Cedex, 2, France
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Avansino JR, Chen DC, Hoagland VD, Woolman JD, Haigh WG, Stelzner M. Treatment of bile acid malabsorption using ileal stem cell transplantation. J Am Coll Surg 2005; 201:710-20. [PMID: 16256913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2005.06.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2005] [Revised: 05/31/2005] [Accepted: 06/27/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We hypothesized that ileal stem cell clusters transplanted into a segment of jejunum can be used to treat bile acid malabsorption. STUDY DESIGN In adult Lewis rats, a 15-cm segment of jejunum was isolated with its blood circulation left intact and partially stripped of enterocytes using luminal high-velocity perfusions with 3mmol/L ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid solutions. Continuity was restored by anastomosing the proximal and distal gut. Ileal stem cell clusters were harvested from neonatal Lewis rats and transplanted into the stripped segments to generate a "neoileum." After 4weeks, recipients underwent resection of the native ileum, and the isolated neoileum was anastomosed in its place. After an additional 4weeks, a 48-hour stool collection was performed. The engrafted segment was harvested for taurocholate uptake studies, ileal bile acid transporter (IBAT) protein by immunohistomorphometry, and IBAT mRNA quantitation by reverse transcription polymerease chain reaction. Data were analyzed by ANOVA/t-test. Rats undergoing ileectomy, jejunectomy, or sham operations served as controls. RESULTS Total bile acid loss in the stool was markedly lower in rats with a neoileum compared with rats with an ileectomy (p < 0.001). Total taurocholate uptake was notably increased in the neoileum compared with the jejunum (p < 0.001). IBAT protein signal intensity was considerably higher in the neoileum compared with jejunum (p < 0.001). IBAT mRNA amounts in the neoileal group were comparable with those in normal rat ileum and were considerably higher (p = 0.003) than in the jejunum. CONCLUSIONS Ileal stem cell clusters were used to establish a new zone of bile acid uptake and IBAT expression in a jejunal segment. This neoileum eliminated loss of bile acids in the stool after ileectomy. This is the first time that transplantation of intestinal stem cell clusters has been shown to correct a clinical malabsorption syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Avansino
- Department of Surgery, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
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Jones ML, Martoni C, Chen H, Ouyang W, Metz T, Prakash S. Deconjugation of bile acids with immobilized genetically engineeredLactobacillus plantarum80 (pCBH1). Appl Bionics Biomech 2005. [DOI: 10.1533/abbi.2004.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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You J, Shi Y, Ming Y, Yu Z, Yi Y, Liu J. Development of a Sensitive Reagent, 1,2-Benzo-3,4-dihydrocarbazole-9-ethyl-p-toluenesulfonate, for Determination of Bile Acids in Serum by HPLC with Fluorescence Detection, and Identification by Mass Spectrometry with an APCI Source. Chromatographia 2004. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-004-0413-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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21
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Barone M, Maiorano E, Ladisa R, Pece A, Berloco P, Strazzabosco M, Caruso ML, Valentini AM, Ierardi E, Di Leo A, Francavilla A. Ursodeoxycholate further increases bile-duct cell proliferative response induced by partial bile-duct ligation in rats. Virchows Arch 2004; 444:554-60. [PMID: 15071740 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-004-0998-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2003] [Accepted: 02/16/2004] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bile salts (BSs) stimulate cholangiocyte proliferation in vitro and in vivo in normal rats. In this study, we evaluated the effects of BS-enriched diets on cholangiocyte proliferative activity already triggered by partial bile-duct ligation (pBDL), a surgical model that induces mild cholestatic conditions, focusing our attention on ursodeoxycholate (UDC). METHODS Animals (n=45) were fed either a standard diet, or a 0.2% deoxycholate- or 0.2% UDC-enriched diet for 4 weeks. Then, in each group, ten animals underwent pBDL and five underwent sham operation. Serum and biliary BS levels, serum cholestasis and cytolysis indexes, as well as liver conventional histology, apoptosis and proliferative activity were evaluated 48 h after the operation. RESULTS Animals that underwent pBDL showed sustained proliferative response compared with sham-operated rats. BS-enriched diets did not influence cholangiocyte proliferation in sham-operated rats. However, significantly increased proliferation was observed in pBDL rats fed a UDC-enriched diet. The evaluation of humoral and histological parameters excluded the possibility that the increased proliferation induced by UDC-enriched diet could be related to concomitant liver cell damage. CONCLUSION A UDC-enriched diet is able to amplify the magnitude of the cholangiocyte hyperplastic process, which occurs by a stimulatory mechanism after partial bile-duct ligation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Barone
- Section of Gastroenterology, D.E.T.O., University of Bari, Italy
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Jones ML, Chen H, Ouyang W, Metz T, Prakash S. Microencapsulated Genetically Engineered Lactobacillus plantarum 80 (pCBH1) for Bile Acid Deconjugation and Its Implication in Lowering Cholesterol. J Biomed Biotechnol 2004; 2004:61-69. [PMID: 15123889 PMCID: PMC545656 DOI: 10.1155/s1110724304307011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is known to be a major risk factor for coronary heart
disease (CHD). Current treatments for elevated blood cholesterol
include dietary management, regular exercise, and drug therapy
with fibrates, bile acid sequestrants, and statins. Such
therapies, however, are often suboptimal and carry a risk for
serious side effects. This study shows that microencapsulated
Lactobacillus plantarum 80 (pCBH1) cells can efficiently
break down and remove bile acids, and establishes a basis for
their use in lowering blood serum cholesterol. Results show that
microencapsulated LP80 (pCBH1) is able to effectively break down
the conjugated bile acids glycodeoxycholic acid (GDCA) and
taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA) with bile salt hydrolase (BSH)
activities of 0.19 and 0.08 μmol DCA/mg CDW/h
respectively. This article also summarizes the physiological
interrelationship between bile acids and cholesterol and predicts
the oral doses of microencapsulated Lactobacillus
plantarum 80 (pCBH1) cells required for lowering cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Lawrence Jones
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research
Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physiology, Artificial
Cells and Organs Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine,
McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, Quebec,
Canada H3A 2B4
| | - Hongmei Chen
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research
Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physiology, Artificial
Cells and Organs Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine,
McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, Quebec,
Canada H3A 2B4
| | - Wei Ouyang
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research
Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physiology, Artificial
Cells and Organs Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine,
McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, Quebec,
Canada H3A 2B4
| | - Terrence Metz
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research
Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physiology, Artificial
Cells and Organs Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine,
McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, Quebec,
Canada H3A 2B4
| | - Satya Prakash
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research
Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physiology, Artificial
Cells and Organs Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine,
McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, Quebec,
Canada H3A 2B4
- *Satya Prakash:
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Shah JN, Haigh WG, Lee SP, Lucey MR, Brensinger CM, Kochman ML, Long WB, Olthoff K, Shaked A, Ginsberg GG. Biliary casts after orthotopic liver transplantation: clinical factors, treatment, biochemical analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 2003; 98:1861-7. [PMID: 12907345 DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2003.07617.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Biliary casts develop in up to 18% of liver transplant recipients. Casts are associated with morbidity, graft failure, need for retransplantation, and mortality. Proposed etiological mechanisms include acute cellular rejection, ischemia, infection, and biliary obstruction. We aimed to identify clinical features associated with biliary cast formation, review treatments, and analyze the biochemical composition of casts at a single, large, liver transplant center. METHODS Patient records were reviewed retrospectively to identify patients who developed casts. Data were collected with attention to ischemia, rejection, obstruction, infection, immunosuppression, postoperative biliary drain use, and cast-directed management, and were compared with data from controls. Cast specimens, retrieved at cholangiography, were analyzed with chromatography techniques. RESULTS Ischemic factors were noted in 70% (7/10) of cast patients versus 15% (6/40) of controls (OR = 13.2; 95% CI = 2.7-66.0; p = 0.001). Biliary strictures were present in 50% of cast patients versus 10% of controls (OR = 9.0; 95% CI = 1.8-45.2; p = 0.01). Differences in cold ischemia time, acute cellular rejection, cyclosporin use, infection, and postoperative biliary drain use were not significant. Casts were successfully treated by endoscopic and percutaneous methods in 60% of patients. One patient died of cast-related complications (mortality 10%). Four casts were in satisfactory condition for biochemical analysis. Bilirubin was the main component ( approximately 10-50%). Bile acid synthesis products and cholesterol comprised smaller percentages, and protein comprised only 5-10%. CONCLUSIONS Biliary casts are more likely to develop in the setting of hepatic ischemia and biliary strictures. Endoscopic and percutaneous cast extraction might achieve favorable results and should be attempted before surgical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janak N Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Yarabe HH, Shamsi SA, Warner IM. Capillary zone electrophoresis of bile acids with indirect photometric detection. Anal Chem 1998; 70:1412-8. [PMID: 9553497 DOI: 10.1021/ac970922t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Investigations in our laboratory have demonstrated that capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) with indirect photometric detection is a viable approach to the separation and identification of free bile acids along with their taurine and glycine derivatives. Various parameters such as pH, organic solvent concentrations, column temperature, and type of chromophore electrolyte were investigated to optimize the electrophoretic separation and to maximize the peak capacity. The quality of separation of bile acids can be dramatically improved by incorporating gamma-cyclodextrin (gamma-CD) in the running electrolyte. This improvement in resolution is accompanied by a decreased migration time, suggestive of an increase in association of gamma-CD with bile acids. As a result, a CZE separation of all 15 bile acids was possible in approximately 30 min using 5 mM adenosine 5'-monophosphate, 7 mM gamma-CD in 75% (v/v) methanol at pH 7.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Yarabe
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 70803, USA
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Lee BL, New AL, Ong CN. Comparative analysis of conjugated bile acids in human serum using high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 1997; 704:35-42. [PMID: 9518169 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(97)00443-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the analysis of conjugated bile acids in human serum using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and micellar electrokinetic capillary electrophoresis (CE). Samples of healthy subjects and patients with different hepatic diseases were pretreated with a simple preparation procedure using a solid-phase extraction technique. The optimal analytical conditions of both chromatographic methods were investigated for the convenience and reliability for routine analysis. Both HPLC and CE methods were found to be reliable and compatible. The recoveries of nine bile acid conjugates using both methods were generally >85% and reproducibility >90%. The day-to-day variation of retention time was <5% for HPLC, while the variation of migration time for CE was <3%. Although the detection limit of the HPLC method (1 nmol/ml) was five times more sensitive than that of the CE method, the CE method was considered to be more time and cost effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Lee
- Department of Community, Occupational and Family Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Abstract
A review of the methods available for the separation of bile acids is presented, highlighting the most recent developments. The major chromatographic techniques (TLC, GC, HPLC) and combined detection systems for the determination of bile acids are critically evaluated and their advantages and disadvantages discussed. Moreover, future directions in which progress might occur are also indicated. Capillary GC-MS is the more established method since it provides higher efficiency combined with greater sensitivity and specificity and has proven crucial in identifying unusual bile acids. However, it requires deconjugation and derivatization and hence the conjugated species must be inferred from the initial isolation procedure. HPLC is directly amenable to the different forms of bile acids, but it suffers from insufficient resolving power which can be enhanced by exploiting the mobile-phase selectivity. The development of HPLC detection systems with higher sensitivity and specificity than conventional HPLC-UV is reported. In particular, methods for the direct coupling of HPLC to MS are examined with special emphasis on soft ionization processes (thermospray, fast atom bombardment, ion spray). Finally, the analytical potential for bile acid assays of more recent techniques including supercritical fluid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis is evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Scalia
- Università di Catania, Istituto di Chimica Farmaceutica, Italy
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Chaplin MF. Analysis of bile acids and their conjugates using high-pH anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS 1995; 664:431-4. [PMID: 7780598 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(94)00488-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Bile acids and their conjugated forms may be separated by anion-exchange chromatography in alkaline media (0.9 M sodium acetate, 0.1 M sodium hydroxide, 15% v/v acetonitrile) on a CarboPac PA-100 column. The effluent was monitored at high sensitivity, with detection limits of less than 10 microM, using a pulsed amperometric detector. Free bile acids and their glyco- and tauro-conjugated forms were separated and detected within 40 min under isocratic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Chaplin
- School of Applied Science, South Bank University, London, UK
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Scalia S, Cova U, Fogagnolo M, Landi S, Medici A. Determination of Free Bile Acids in Raw Materials and Bulk Products by HPLC and GC. ANAL LETT 1994. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719408007436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Güldütuna S, You T, Kurts W, Leuschner U. High performance liquid chromatographic determination of free and conjugated bile acids in serum, liver biopsies, bile, gastric juice and feces by fluorescence labeling. Clin Chim Acta 1993; 214:195-207. [PMID: 8472385 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(93)90111-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Separation and measurement of commonly occurring free and conjugated bile acids in serum, liver biopsies, bile, gastric juice and feces have been successfully accomplished using high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence labeling. Free and conjugated bile acids were extracted from pretreated samples using Sep-Pak C18 cartridges and then fractionated on a piperidinohydroxypropyl Sephadex LH-20 column. Free and glycine conjugated bile acids were labelled with 4-bromomethyl-7-methoxycoumarin. Taurine conjugated bile acids were hydrolysed with cholylglycine hydrolase prior to derivatization with 4-bromomethyl-7-methoxycoumarin. Labelled bile acids were eluted using an acetonitrile/methanol/water gradient on an ultrasphere ODS column. The eluate was monitored by a fluorophotometer at 360 nm (excitation) and 410 nm (emission). Linearity was obtained between 50 and 400 nmol. Recoveries from serum, gastric juice and feces were greater than 87%. This is therefore a sensitive method for the precise quantification of bile acids in serum, liver biopsies, bile, gastric juice and feces.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Güldütuna
- Department of Gastroenterology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main Germany
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Nichols JH, Ellefson RD, Hermansen J, Schifferdecker K, Burritt MF. Simultaneous HPLC Determination of Free, Conjugated, and Sulfated Bile Acids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079308019557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Scalia S, Games DE. Analysis of conjugated bile acids by on-line supercritical fluid chromatography/thermospra mass spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1002/oms.1210271119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Scalia S, Games DE. Analysis of conjugated bile acids by packed-column supercritical fluid chromatography. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1992; 574:197-203. [PMID: 1618950 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(92)80030-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A rapid method has been developed for the simultaneous separation of the polar glycine- and taurine-conjugated bile acids by packed-column supercritical fluid chromatography. Samples were analysed on a cyanopropyl-bonded silica column with ultraviolet detection at 210 nm and carbon dioxide modified with methanol as the mobile phase. The influence of the stationary phase, modifier concentration, temperature, column pressure and modifier identity on retention was also studied. This new chromatographic method is applicable to the assay of conjugated bile acids in duodenal bile samples from patients with hepatobiliary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Scalia
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Swansea, Singleton Park, UK
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Sensitive pulsed amperometric detection of free and conjugated bile acids in combination with gradient reversed-phase HPLC. Chromatographia 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02279474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Scalia S, Pazzi P. Group separation of non-sulphated and 3-sulphated bile acids by disposable anion-exchange cartridges. Chromatographia 1990. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02328501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Scalia S. Group separation of free and conjugated bile acids by pre-packed anion-exchange cartridges. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1990; 8:235-41. [PMID: 2094423 DOI: 10.1016/0731-7085(90)80032-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and simple procedure for the group separation of the major free and conjugated bile acids of man is described. After initial extraction with Bond Elut C18 cartridges, the analytes are fractionated into the unconjugated, glycine- and taurine-conjugated forms using disposable Bond Elut SAX columns and methanol-acetate buffer eluents. The method is found to be accurate and reproducible and to afford complete resolution between fractions. Free and conjugated bile acids present in human bile and gastric juice are assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography, after extraction and group separation according to the described procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Scalia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Italy
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Scalia S, Pazzi P, Guaneri M. Determination of Bile Acids In Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms By Hplc. ANAL LETT 1989. [DOI: 10.1080/00032718908051377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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