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Abdel-Moety EM, Ibrahim MA, Rezk MR. Photodegradation and photostability-indication of mequitazine. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2009; 74:740-745. [PMID: 19729339 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2009.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2009] [Revised: 07/05/2009] [Accepted: 08/05/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The photochemical behavior is investigated for mequitazine (MQ) illustrating possible mechanisms and photodegradation products formed. Accelerated photolysis is done for MQ under justified stress conditions by subjecting aqueous drug solutions to radiation for specified period of time. Synthesis of the main photodegradants, the sulfoxide, is achieved. Selective quantification of MQ, singly in bulk form, pharmaceutical formulations and/or in the presence of its photodegradants is demonstrated. The indication of stability has been undertaken under conditions likely to be expected at normal storage conditions using a simple colorimetric method based on oxidation of the intact phenothiazine drug by potassium iodate in acid medium to form a red colored product adequate for quantitative estimation of the studied drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezzat M Abdel-Moety
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy-Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St, ET-11562, Cairo, Egypt.
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2
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Zhang G, Jr AVT, Bartlett MG. Bioanalytical methods for the determination of antipsychotic drugs. Biomed Chromatogr 2008; 22:671-87. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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3
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Tseng YL, Lin CT, Wang SM, Liu RH. Famprofazone as the Source of Methamphetamine and Amphetamine in Urine Specimen Collected During Sport Competition. J Forensic Sci 2007; 52:479-86. [PMID: 17316255 DOI: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2006.00359.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
During a sport competition event in Taiwan, one urine specimen was found positive for both methamphetamine (2688 ng/mL) and amphetamine (462 ng/mL). The specimen donor claimed that she had taken Gewolen (a nonprescription drug manufactured in Taiwan) for treating abdominal pain and the medication was presented. Laboratory investigation confirmed that Gewolen contains famprofazone, which is known to metabolize to methamphetamine and amphetamine and is included in the prohibited list of the World Anti-Doping Agency. Study on the excretion profiles of three volunteers ingesting 50 mg famprofazone produced the following patterns similar to that observed in the case specimen: (a) the ratio of methamphetamine to amphetamine was approximately 6 to 1; (b) d- and l-enantiomers of both methamphetamine and amphetamine were present, while the amount of l-methamphetamine was 3-4-fold greater than its counterpart. The data suggested that famprofazone (as the ingredient of Gewolen) was likely the source of the prohibited drugs found in the case specimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lung Tseng
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
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4
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Sánchez de la Torre C, Martínez MA, Almarza E. Determination of several psychiatric drugs in whole blood using capillary gas–liquid chromatography with nitrogen phosphorus detection: comparison of two solid phase extraction procedures. Forensic Sci Int 2005; 155:193-204. [PMID: 16226158 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2004] [Revised: 11/04/2004] [Accepted: 12/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A simple and reliable gas chromatographic method with nitrogen-phosphorus detection without derivatization was developed for the detection of several psychiatric drugs in whole blood as part of systematic toxicological analyses (STA). Drugs included mirtazapine, chlorpromazine, methotrimeprazine (levomepromazine), clothiapine, olanzapine, clozapine, haloperidol, and thioridazine. All drugs were studied at concentrations of 100-2,000 microg/L, except haloperidol that was studied at concentrations of 400-8,000 microg/L. In order to select the best blood purification procedure and therefore increase the signal to noise ratio we have compared two solid-phase extraction (SPE) columns, Chem Elut and Bond Elut Certify, for their recovery, precision, sensitivity and matrix purification efficiency. Recoveries for these drugs using Chem Elut columns at 500 and 2,000 microg/L (2,000 and 8,000 microg/L for haloperidol) were in the range 21-65%, with intra-assay and inter-assay precisions of less than 17% and 19%, respectively. Limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantitation (LOQs) for mirtazapine, chlorpromazine, methotrimeprazine, clothiapine, olanzapine, clozapine, and thioridazine ranged from 62 to 161 microg/L and from 205 to 531 microg/L, respectively. LOD and LOQ for haloperidol were 442 and 1,458 microg/L, respectively. Recoveries of these compounds using Bond Elut Certify columns at 500 and 2,000 microg/L (2,000 and 8,000 microg/L for haloperidol) were in the range 44-97%, with intra-assay and inter-assay precisions of less than 7% and 14%, respectively. LODs and LOQs for mirtazapine, chlorpromazine, methotrimeprazine, clothiapine, olanzapine, clozapine, and thioridazine ranged from 37 to 66 microg/L and from 122 to 218 microg/L, respectively. LOD and LOQ for haloperidol were 156 and 515 microg/L, respectively. Linearity was observed in the studied range for all compounds with r(2) values of >0.999. The use of the mixed-mode bonded-silica Bond Elut Certify columns showed advantages comparing with Chem Elut columns for the screening of these psychotropic agents such as higher recoveries, cleaner extracts, better sensitivity, better precision and less solvent consumption and subsequent disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Sánchez de la Torre
- National Institute of Toxicology and Forensic Sciences, Ministry of Justice, C/Luis Cabrera 9, 28002 Madrid, Spain
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5
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Abstract
We report a case of intoxication resulting from the ingestion of a liquid, sold in the illicit market as "liquid ecstasy," which was found to contain 1,4-butanediol, a metabolic precursor of gamma-hydroxybutiric acid (GHB). Identification of the substance in the liquid was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The toxicological analysis of blood, urine and gastric content of the victim was performed by immunoassay and gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection as screening techniques and by means of GC-MS for confirmation and quantitation of 1,4-butanediol and GHB. The following drug concentrations were found: 82 microg/ml (blood), 401 microg/ml (urine) and 7.4 microg/ml (gastric content) for 1,4-butanediol and 103 microg/ml (blood), 430.0 microg/ml (urine) for GHB. In addition to these, other drugs detected and their blood concentration found in this case were methylenedioxymethylamphetamine (MDMA) 0.23 microg/ml and its metabolite methylenedioxyphenylamphetamine (MDA) 0.10 microg/ml. In the urine, a concentration of 0.10 microg/ml of benzoylecgonine was also found.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lora-Tamayo
- Instituto Nacional de Toxicología, Ministerio de Justicia, C/ Luis Cabrera 9, 28002 Madrid, Spain.
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6
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Abstract
The current methods for tropane alkaloid chromatographic separation and determination are summarised. The alkaloids included are: the medicinally applied tropic acid esters hyoscyamine and scopolamine and their derivatives, cocaine and derivatives, the metabolites and degradation products of these compounds occurring in plant material, calystegines as nortropane alkaloids, anatoxins as homonortropane alkaloids, pelletierines and pseudopelletierines as alkaloids with isomeric structures. Developments in GC, HPLC, CE and TLC are presented and the advantages of each method for plant analysis are discussed. A summary for each chromatographic method lists the instrumentation and parameters applied for tropane alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Dräger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany.
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7
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Muchoh SN, Ogutu BR, Newton CR, Kokwar GO. High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of diazepam in plasma of children with severe malaria. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 2001; 761:255-9. [PMID: 11587356 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(01)00284-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive, selective and reproducible reversed-phase HPLC method with ultraviolet detection was developed for the quantification of diazepam in small plasma samples from children with severe malaria. The method involves plasma deproteinization with acetonitrile, followed by liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate-n-hexane. Diazepam was eluted at ambient temperatures from a reversed-phase C18 column with an acidic (pH 3.5) aqueous mobile phase (10 mM KH2PO4-acetonitrile, 69:31, v/v). Calibration curves in spiked plasma were linear from 10 to 200 ng (r2 > or = 0.99). The limit of detection was 5.0 ng/ml, and relative recoveries at 25 and 180 ng were >87%. Intra- and inter-assay relative standard deviations were <15%. There was no interference from drugs commonly administered to children with severe malaria (phenobarbitone, phenytoin, chloroquine, quinine, sulfadoxine, pyrimethamine, halofantrine, cycloguanil, chlorcycloguanil, acetaminophen and salicylate). This method has been used for monitoring plasma diazepam concentrations in children with seizures associated with severe malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Muchoh
- Kenya Medical Research Institute/Wellcome Trust Collaborative Research Programme, Nairobi.
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Takeda A, Tanaka H, Shinohara T, Ohtake I. Systematic analysis of acid, neutral and basic drugs in horse plasma by combination of solid-phase extraction, non-aqueous partitioning and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 2001; 758:235-48. [PMID: 11486834 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(01)00189-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A sample preparation method for mass chromatographic detection of doping drugs from horse plasma is described. Bond Elut Certify (1 g/6 ml) is used for the extraction of 4 ml of horse plasma. Fractionation is performed with 6 ml of CHCl3-Me2CO (8:2) and 5 ml of 1% TEA-MeOH according to its property. Simple and effective clean-up based on non-aqueous partitioning is adopted to remove co-eluted contaminants in both acid and basic fractions. Two kinds of 1-(N,N-diisopropylamino)-n-alkanes are co-injected with the sample into the GC-MS system for the calculation of the retention index. Total recoveries of 107 drugs are examined. Some data of post administration plasma are presented. This procedure achieves sufficient recoveries and clean extracts for GC-MS analysis. The method is able to detect ng/ml drug levels in horse plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Takeda
- Racing Chemistry Laboratory, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan.
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9
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Abstract
Amphetamine its methylendioxy (methylendioxyamphetamine methylenedioxymethylamphetamine, methylenedioxyethylamphetamine) and methoxy derivatives (p-methoxyamphetamine and p-methoxymethylamphetamine) are widely abused in Spanish society. We present here the results of a systematic study of all cases of deaths brought to the attention of the Madrid department of the Instituto Nacional de Toxicologia from 1993 to 1995 in which some of these drugs have been found in the cadaveric blood. The cases were divided into three categories: amphetamine and derivatives, amphetamines and alcohol, amphetamines and other drugs. Data on age, sex, clinical symptoms, morphological findings, circumstances of death, when known, and concentration of amphetamine derivatives, alcohol and other drugs in blood are given for each group. The information provided here may prove to be useful for the forensic interpretation of deaths which are directly or indirectly related to abuse of amphetamine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lora-Tamayo
- Department of Drugs, Instituto Nacional de Toxicología, Ministerio de Justicia e Interior, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Smith FP, Lora-Tamayo C, Carvajal R, Caddy B, Tagliaro F. Assessment of an automated immunoassay based on kinetic interaction of microparticles in solution for determination of opiates and cocaine metabolite in urine. Ann Clin Biochem 1997; 34 ( Pt 1):81-4. [PMID: 9022892 DOI: 10.1177/000456329703400112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A recently introduced automated immunoassay which is based on kinetic interaction of microparticles in solution (Roche ONLINE), was evaluated for the detection of cocaine metabolite benzoylecgonine (BE) and opiates in human urine. Cross-reactivity for the opiates morphine (100%), codeine (88%), 6-monoacetylmorphine (88%), and morphine 3-glucuronide (72%) was assessed. Analytical recovery evaluated on blank urines spiked with 0, 250, 300, 350, and 500 micrograms/L of morphine and BE (n = 10), varied from 85.2 to 100.2% for opiates and from 81.4 to 93.1% for the cocaine metabolite. The within-day precision ranged from 1.4 to 4.7% for morphine and from 4.2 to 4.8% for BE. The repeatability of the standards over 1 month was 1.0-3.3% for opiates and 1.7-5.1% for BE, and thus allowing measurements to continue over 30 days without re-calibration. This method compared favourably with the SYVA EMIT d.a.u system and gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- F P Smith
- Graduate Program in Forensic Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
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11
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Soriano C, Muñoz-Guerra J, Carreras D, Rodríguez C, Rodríguez AF, Cortés R. Automated analysis of drugs in urine. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS 1996; 687:183-7. [PMID: 9001964 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(96)00147-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A totally automated procedure has been developed for the preparation and analysis of 34 basic and neutral drugs in urine samples using an integrated HP 7686 PrepStation-HP 6890 gas chromatographic system. The automated preparation of the sample consisted of a liquid-liquid extraction of 250 microliters urine at alkaline pH with 100 microliters of methyl tert.-butyl ether. After phase separation the organic solvent was automatically placed in the injector of the gas chromatograph and analysed. High recoveries of extraction were obtained. The limits of detection of most of the drugs were less than 0.5 microgram/ml. The method, which allows the preparation and analysis of the samples to be completely synchronised, showed good accuracy and precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Soriano
- Laboratorio de Control de Dopaje, Consejo Superior de Deportes, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Jason Lai S, Binder SR, Essien H, Wen KC. Identification of Western Medicines as Adulterants in Chinese Herbal Medicines Using a Broad-Spectrum Drug Screening HPLC System. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079508009330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Smith RM. Chapter 3 Retention index scales used in high-performance liquid chromatography. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LIBRARY 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-4770(08)60615-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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14
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Abstract
Cocaine availability has been increasing in Spain in the past few years. A review of all the toxicological analyses carried out at the Madrid Department of the Instituto Nacional de Toxicología, with subjects who had died of drugs from 1990 to 1992, found 533 persons who had cocaine in their blood and/or tissues; 450 (84%) deaths involved cocaine and heroin together whereas 83 (16%) deaths involved cocaine with an absence of heroin. This paper reports the circumstances, cocaine and benzoylecgonine concentrations in the blood and other toxicological findings for the two major groups of deaths where cocaine was found with an absence of heroin, i.e., possible overdose cases (35 cases) and traffic accidents (23 cases).
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lora-Tamayo
- Department of Drugs, Instituto Nacional de Toxicologia (Ministerio de Justicia), Madrid, Spain
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15
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Soto-Otero R, Mendez-Alvarez E, Sierra-Paredes G, Galan-Valiente J, Aguilar-Veiga E, Sierra-Marcuño G. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of bemegride in serum and brain tissue: pharmacokinetics and brain distribution of an intraperitoneal subconvulsive dose in rats. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1991; 9:177-82. [PMID: 1873309 DOI: 10.1016/0731-7085(91)80141-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A simple and rapid HPLC method has been developed for the quantification of bemegride in serum and brain tissue, using p-methylphenobarbital as an internal standard. Serum and brain tissue homogenate samples were extracted with ethyl acetate and the evaporated and redissolved extracts injected into a reversed-phase column. The compounds were eluted with an acetonitrile-phosphate buffer mixture and monitored at 200 nm. A linear response was obtained in the range 1-40 micrograms ml-1 for serum and 1-40 micrograms g-1 for brain tissue. Within-day and between-day precisions were less than 5% and the analytical recovery greater than 76.4%. This method has been used to investigate the kinetic profiles of the drug in serum and discrete areas of rat brain after intraperitoneal administration of a subconvulsive dose of bemegride (10 mg kg-1). Peak concentrations occurred in the brain and serum at the same time (30 min), followed by a biphasic decay. The results also indicated the accumulation of the drug in the brain, with no significant differences (p greater than 0.05) in the impregnation of the different brain areas investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Soto-Otero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago, Spain
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16
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Sperling A. Determination of heroin and some common adulterants by capillary gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)88847-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Shin H, Lho D, Park J. Simultaneous determination of propoxyphene and norpropoxyphene in biological samples by gas chromatography using an on-column injection technique with a fused-silica capillary column. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1989; 491:448-54. [PMID: 2553761 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)82864-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Shin
- Doping Control Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul
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19
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Burrows JL, Jolley KW, Sullivan DJ. Determination of roxatidine in human plasma, urine and milk by capillary gas chromatography using nitrogen-selective detection. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1988; 432:199-208. [PMID: 2906063 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)80645-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
An assay is described for the determination of roxatidine in human plasma, urine and milk by gas chromatography. Roxatidine is extracted from the basified matrix with dichloromethane and esterified with propionic anhydride prior to analysis of the extracts by capillary gas chromatography using a nitrogen-specific detector. Detection limits are 5 ng/ml for plasma and milk and 1 microgram/ml for urine, making the assay suitable for obtaining pharmacokinetic data from volunteer trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Burrows
- Hoechst Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Walton, Milton Keynes, U.K
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20
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Voltammetric studies of pinazepam and BrTDO accumulation at the HMDE surface. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(88)80006-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Japp M, Garthwaite K, Geeson AV, Osselton MD. Collection of analytical data for benzodiazepines and benzophenones. J Chromatogr A 1988; 439:317-39. [PMID: 3403647 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)83844-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
On April 1st, 1986, amendments were made to Schedule 2 to the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 such that 33 benzodiazepines became controlled as Class C drugs in the U.K. An analytical database has been prepared to aid the detection and identification of controlled benzodiazepines. Chromatographic properties have been measured including gas chromatography (GC) retention index values, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) capacity factors and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) RF x 100 values. UV spectroscopic and mass spectrometric (MS) data have also been recorded. Analytical data (GC, TLC and MS) are also presented for benzophenones which were produced by acid hydrolysis of the parent benzodiazepines.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Japp
- Central Research Establishment, Home Office Forensic Science Service, Reading, Berkshire, U.K
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22
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Peng CT, Ding SF, Hua RL, Yang ZC. Prediction of retention indexes. I. Structure-retention index relationship on apolar columns. J Chromatogr A 1988; 436:137-72. [PMID: 3356761 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)94575-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A simple method is reported for predicting the retention index (RI) of a chemical compound from the number of carbon and carbon equivalent atoms in the molecule, the RI increment for atom addition and the group retention factors (GRFs) for substituents and functional groups. Atoms other than carbon such as oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, chlorine, bromine and iodine are assigned carbon atom equivalency of approximately 1, 1, 2, 2, 3 and 4, respectively and are counted for their contribution towards RI prediction. The GRFs of substituents and functional groups are derived from the RIs of reference compounds and series of homologues. Ring structures, ring fusion, ring connection, iso- and neo-carbons, chain branching and unsaturation are also assigned GRFs. The predicted RIs of a number of alicyclic, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols, phenols, aliphatic amines, aromatic amines, heterocyclics, carboxylic acids, acid esters, aldehydes, ketones, and halogenated compounds, are found to be within +/- 3% of the observed values. The structure-retention index relationship thus developed is extremely useful in the tentative identification of radioactive side products formed in tritium labeling by radiation-induced methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco 94143
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23
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Uehori R, Nagata T, Kimura K, Kudo K, Noda M. Screening of volatile compounds present in human blood using retention indices in gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1987; 411:251-7. [PMID: 3443624 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)93976-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The retention index in gas chromatography was introduced to screen volatile compounds in blood. Sixty-one organic compounds with high volatility were determined using a gas chromatograph with a flame ionization detector and a packed column system with 10% OV-17. Porapak P was used as a supplementary column for determining alcohol. Detection limits were determined for several substances. This method was used to analyse blood samples obtained at autopsy from patients suspected of solvent abuse. This approach proved to be superior to conventional gas chromatography in that mixed unknown volatiles in the blood could be identified simply and rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Uehori
- Department of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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24
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Comparison of Drug Retention Indices Determined on Packed, Wide Bore Capillary and Narrow Bore Capillary Columns. J Forensic Sci 1987. [DOI: 10.1520/jfs11217j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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25
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A Simple Approach to the Interlaboratory Transfer of Drug Retention Indices Determined by Temperature Programmed Capillary Gas Chromatography. J Forensic Sci 1987. [DOI: 10.1520/jfs11172j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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