1
|
Verma SK, Nandi A, Sinha A, Patel P, Mohanty S, Jha E, Jena S, Kumari P, Ghosh A, Jerman I, Chouhan RS, Dutt A, Samal SK, Mishra YK, Varma RS, Panda PK, Kaushik NK, Singh D, Suar M. The posterity of Zebrafish in paradigm of in vivo molecular toxicological profiling. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116160. [PMID: 38237351 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The aggrandised advancement in utility of advanced day-to-day materials and nanomaterials has raised serious concern on their biocompatibility with human and other biotic members. In last few decades, understanding of toxicity of these materials has been given the centre stage of research using many in vitro and in vivo models. Zebrafish (Danio rerio), a freshwater fish and a member of the minnow family has garnered much attention due to its distinct features, which make it an important and frequently used animal model in various fields of embryology and toxicological studies. Given that fertilization and development of zebrafish eggs take place externally, they serve as an excellent model organism for studying early developmental stages. Moreover, zebrafish possess a comparable genetic composition to humans and share almost 70% of their genes with mammals. This particular model organism has become increasingly popular, especially for developmental research. Moreover, it serves as a link between in vitro studies and in vivo analysis in mammals. It is an appealing choice for vertebrate research, when employing high-throughput methods, due to their small size, swift development, and relatively affordable laboratory setup. This small vertebrate has enhanced comprehension of pathobiology and drug toxicity. This review emphasizes on the recent developments in toxicity screening and assays, and the new insights gained about the toxicity of drugs through these assays. Specifically, the cardio, neural, and, hepatic toxicology studies inferred by applications of nanoparticles have been highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh K Verma
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India.
| | - Aditya Nandi
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Adrija Sinha
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Paritosh Patel
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India; Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, 01897, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Ealisha Jha
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Snehasmita Jena
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Puja Kumari
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno 61137, Czech Republic
| | - Aishee Ghosh
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Ivan Jerman
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Raghuraj Singh Chouhan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ateet Dutt
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, UNAM, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Shailesh Kumar Samal
- Unit of Immunology and Chronic Disease, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yogendra Kumar Mishra
- Mads Clausen Institute, NanoSYD, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, Sønderborg DK-6400, Denmark
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation (CxI), Technical University of Liberec (TUL), Studentská 1402/2, Liberec 1 461 17, Czech Republic
| | - Pritam Kumar Panda
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nagendra Kumar Kaushik
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, 01897, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Deobrat Singh
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Mrutyunjay Suar
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Piechocka J, Matwiej N, Gaweł M, Matyjaszczyk M, Głowacki R, Chwatko G. Application of the HPLC-ELSD technique for the determination of major metabolites of ibuprofen and creatinine in human urine. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20268. [PMID: 37985716 PMCID: PMC10662266 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47594-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The report presents robust and high throughput methods, based on liquid chromatography coupled with evaporative light scattering detection (HPLC-ELSD), for the simultaneous determination of major metabolites of ibuprofen (IBU), namely 2-hydroxyibuprofen and carboxyibuprofen (method A) as well as creatinine (Crn) (method B) in human urine. The assays primarily involve straightforward sample purification. For both methods, the chromatographic separation of the analytes is achieved within 8 min at room temperature on Poroshell 120 SB-C18 (75 × 4.6 mm, 2.7 µm) column using gradient elution. The eluents consisted of 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile (method A) or water and methanol (method B) delivered at a flow rate of 1 or 0.5 mL/min, respectively. In relation to metabolites of IBU, the assay linearity was observed within 0.06-0.5 g/L in urine, while the Crn assay linearity was demonstrated within 0.5-30 mmol/L in urine. The limit of quantification for IBU metabolites was determined to be 0.06 g/L, and 0.5 mmol/L for Crn. These methods were successfully applied to urine samples delivered by ten apparently healthy donors showing that the HPLC-ELSD assays are suitable for human urine screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Piechocka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Environmental Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163/165, 90-236, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Natalia Matwiej
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Environmental Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163/165, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Gaweł
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Environmental Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163/165, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Michał Matyjaszczyk
- Department of Family Medicine, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Rzgowska 281/289, 93-338, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Narutowicza 60, 90-131, Lodz, Poland
| | - Rafał Głowacki
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Environmental Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163/165, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Grażyna Chwatko
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Environmental Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163/165, 90-236, Lodz, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Merkus VI, Sommer C, Smollich E, Sures B, Schmidt TC. Acute ecotoxicological effects on daphnids and green algae caused by the ozonation of ibuprofen. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 847:157611. [PMID: 35896135 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to its ubiquitous presence in wastewaters, wastewater treatment plant effluents and even surface waters, the removal of the pharmaceutical ibuprofen from water is of special interest. Ozonation is widely applied for the treatment of micropollutants in wastewater treatment plants and is already known to also degrade ibuprofen. However, the formation of a wide range of transformation products during such oxidation steps might affect the aquatic environment. This study focuses on the acute ecotoxicological impact of the ibuprofen ozonation products on the two model organisms Daphnia magna and Desmodesmus subspicatus. For the identification of possibly ecotoxic products, a new workflow combining ecotoxicological testing, analytical methods and toxicity prediction was applied. Examination at different pH conditions with increasing ozone doses can point to respective products for further systematic examination. Seven ozonation products were confirmed in this study, two of them for the first time. Five previously postulated products were rejected. For pH 7 the inhibition of green algae growth was observed for mixtures oxidized with low ozone doses, while at pH 3 the mixtures with higher ozone doses caused toxic effects on the mobility of daphnids. Together with the analytical measurements in combination with ecotoxicity prediction, six products were identified which might have caused the toxic effect on green algae. However, no assignment to the observed toxic effects on daphnids was possible. The gained results indicate that mixture toxicity might play a role in oxidation processes and needs to be considered in ozonation studies concerning the ecotoxicological impact. Furthermore, the different observed toxicity for the two organisms underlines the importance of using multiple test systems for a comprehensive evaluation of the ecotoxicity during ozonation processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina I Merkus
- Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Christina Sommer
- Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Esther Smollich
- Faculty of Biology, Aquatic Ecology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Bernd Sures
- Faculty of Biology, Aquatic Ecology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Torsten C Schmidt
- Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany; IWW Water Centre, Moritzstraße 26, 45476 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
El-Haj BM, Ahmed SB. Metabolic-Hydroxy and Carboxy Functionalization of Alkyl Moieties in Drug Molecules: Prediction of Structure Influence and Pharmacologic Activity. Molecules 2020; 25:E1937. [PMID: 32331223 PMCID: PMC7222001 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkyl moieties-open chain or cyclic, linear, or branched-are common in drug molecules. The hydrophobicity of alkyl moieties in drug molecules is modified by metabolic hydroxy functionalization via free-radical intermediates to give primary, secondary, or tertiary alcohols depending on the class of the substrate carbon. The hydroxymethyl groups resulting from the functionalization of methyl groups are mostly oxidized further to carboxyl groups to give carboxy metabolites. As observed from the surveyed cases in this review, hydroxy functionalization leads to loss, attenuation, or retention of pharmacologic activity with respect to the parent drug. On the other hand, carboxy functionalization leads to a loss of activity with the exception of only a few cases in which activity is retained. The exceptions are those groups in which the carboxy functionalization occurs at a position distant from a well-defined primary pharmacophore. Some hydroxy metabolites, which are equiactive with their parent drugs, have been developed into ester prodrugs while carboxy metabolites, which are equiactive to their parent drugs, have been developed into drugs as per se. In this review, we present and discuss the above state of affairs for a variety of drug classes, using selected drug members to show the effect on pharmacologic activity as well as dependence of the metabolic change on drug molecular structure. The review provides a basis for informed predictions of (i) structural features required for metabolic hydroxy and carboxy functionalization of alkyl moieties in existing or planned small drug molecules, and (ii) pharmacologic activity of the metabolites resulting from hydroxy and/or carboxy functionalization of alkyl moieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Babiker M. El-Haj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of Science and Technology of Fujairah, Fufairah 00971, UAE
| | - Samrein B.M. Ahmed
- College of Medicine, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 00971, UAE;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Klenk JM, Kontny LH, Escobedo-Hinojosa W, Nebel BA, Hauer B. Oxyfunctionalization of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs by filamentous-fungi. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:724-738. [PMID: 31173436 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We aimed to expand the microbial biocatalyst platform to generate essential oxyfunctionalized standards for pharmaceutical, toxicological and environmental research. In particular, we examined the production of oxyfunctionalized nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) by filamentous-fungi. METHODS AND RESULTS Four NSAIDs; diclofenac, ibuprofen, naproxen and mefenamic acid were used as substrates for oxyfunctionalization in a biocatalytic process involving three filamentous-fungi strains; Beauveria bassiana, Clitocybe nebularis and Mucor hiemalis. Oxyfunctionalized metabolites that are major degradation intermediates formed by Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in human metabolism were produced in isolated yields of up to 99% using 1 g l-1 of substrate. In addition, a novel compound, 3',4'-dihydroxydiclofenac, was produced by B. bassiana. Proteomic analysis identified CYP548A5 that might be responsible for diclofenac oxyfunctionalization in B. bassiana. CONCLUSIONS Efficient fungi catalysed oxyfunctionalization was achieved when using NSAIDs as substrates. High purities and isolated yields of the produced metabolites were achieved. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The lack of current efficient synthetic strategies for oxyfunctionalization of NSAIDs is a bottleneck to perform pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and toxicological analysis for the pharmaceutical industry. Additionally, oxyfunctionalized derivatives are needed for tracking the fate and impact of such metabolites in the environment. Herein, we described a fungi catalysed process that surpasses previously reported strategies in terms of efficiency, to synthesize oxyfunctionalized NSAIDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Klenk
- Department of Technical Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - L H Kontny
- Department of Technical Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - W Escobedo-Hinojosa
- Department of Technical Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - B A Nebel
- Department of Technical Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - B Hauer
- Department of Technical Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Waraksa E, Woźniak MK, Kłodzińska E, Wrzesień R, Bobrowska-Korczak B, Namieśnik J. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitative analysis of ibuprofen and its metabolites in equine urine samples by gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:3881-3891. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Waraksa
- Faculty of Chemistry; Department of Analytical Chemistry; Gdańsk University of Technology; Gdańsk Poland
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis; Institute of Sport - National Research Institute; Warsaw Poland
| | - Mateusz Kacper Woźniak
- Faculty of Chemistry; Department of Analytical Chemistry; Gdańsk University of Technology; Gdańsk Poland
| | - Ewa Kłodzińska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis; Institute of Sport - National Research Institute; Warsaw Poland
| | - Robert Wrzesień
- Central Laboratory of Experimental Animal; Medical University of Warsaw; Warsaw Poland
| | | | - Jacek Namieśnik
- Faculty of Chemistry; Department of Analytical Chemistry; Gdańsk University of Technology; Gdańsk Poland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sanoh S. [In Vitro and in Vivo Assessments of Drug-induced Hepatotoxicity and Drug Metabolism in Humans]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2015; 135:1273-9. [PMID: 26521876 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.15-00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced hepatotoxicity is of concern in drug discovery and development. Reactive metabolites generated by drug metabolizing enzymes in the liver contribute to the induction of hepatotoxicity. Therefore, drug-induced hepatotoxicity, drug metabolism, and pharmacokinetics were evaluated in vitro and in vivo in this pre-clinical study. First, hepatotoxicity was tested in vitro using three-dimensional hepatocyte cultures. Hepatocyte spheroids formed in the three-dimensional culture systems maintain various liver functions such as the expression of drug metabolizing enzymes. High dose exposure to acetaminophen (APAP) induces hepatotoxicity because of the formation of reactive metabolites by CYP. Using fluorescence imaging, we observed that cell viability and glutathione levels were reduced in hepatocyte spheroids exposed to APAP mediated by the metabolic activation of CYP. On the other hand, there are species differences in the expression of drug metabolizing enzymes and metabolite profiles between animals and humans. Therefore, chimeric mice transfected with human hepatocytes were used for the in vivo assessment of metabolic profiles in humans. We found that drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics mediated by CYP and non-CYP enzymes, such as UDP-glucuronosyltransferase and aldehyde oxidase, in chimeric mice with humanized liver were similar to those in humans. The combination of in vitro and in vivo assessments using spheroids and chimeric mice with humanized liver, respectively, during the screening of drug candidates may help to reveal hepatotoxicity induced by the formation of metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seigo Sanoh
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima Univeristy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Vliegenthart ADB, Tucker CS, Del Pozo J, Dear JW. Zebrafish as model organisms for studying drug-induced liver injury. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 78:1217-27. [PMID: 24773296 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a major challenge in clinical medicine and drug development. New models are needed for predicting which potential therapeutic compounds will cause DILI in humans, and new markers and mediators of DILI still need to be identified. This review highlights the strengths and weaknesses of using zebrafish as a high-throughput in vivo model for studying DILI. Although the zebrafish liver architecture is different from that of the mammalian liver, the main physiological processes remain similar. Zebrafish metabolize drugs using similar pathways to those in humans; they possess a wide range of cytochrome P450 enzymes that enable metabolic reactions including hydroxylation, conjugation, oxidation, demethylation and de-ethylation. Following exposure to a range of hepatotoxic drugs, the zebrafish liver develops histological patterns of injury comparable to those of mammalian liver, and biomarkers for liver injury can be quantified in the zebrafish circulation. The zebrafish immune system is similar to that of mammals, but the zebrafish inflammatory response to DILI is not yet defined. In order to quantify DILI in zebrafish, a wide variety of methods can be used, including visual assessment, quantification of serum enzymes and experimental serum biomarkers and scoring of histopathology. With further development, the zebrafish may be a model that complements rodents and may have value for the discovery of new disease pathways and translational biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A D Bastiaan Vliegenthart
- Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, British Heart Foundation, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Evgenidou EN, Konstantinou IK, Lambropoulou DA. Occurrence and removal of transformation products of PPCPs and illicit drugs in wastewaters: a review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 505:905-26. [PMID: 25461093 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) along with illicit drugs (IDs) are newly recognized classes of environmental pollutants and are receiving considerable attention because of their environmental impacts: frequent occurrence, persistence and risk to aquatic life and humans. However, relatively little information is often available with regard to their possible biotic and abiotic transformation products (TPs). This lack of knowledge has resulted in a substantial amount of ongoing effort to develop methods and approaches that would assess their occurrence, degradability potential elimination mechanisms and efficiencies in sewage treatment plants as well as environmental and human health risks. In this article, an extensive literature survey was performed in order to present the current stage of knowledge and progress made in the occurrence of TPs of PPCPs and IDs in raw and treated wastewaters. Apart from the TPs resulting from structural transformations of the parent compound in the aquatic environment or in technological treatment facilities (e.g. sewage and drinking water treatment plants), free metabolites and drug conjugates formed during human metabolism have also been included in this review as they are also released into the aquatic environment through wastewaters. Their concentration levels were reported in influents and effluents of WWTPs, hospital effluents and their removals in the treatment plants were discussed. Finally, information on the toxicity of TPs has been compiled when available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleni N Evgenidou
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Ioannis K Konstantinou
- Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Patras, Seferi 2, GR 30100 Agrinio, Greece
| | - Dimitra A Lambropoulou
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Karlsson J, Fowler CJ. Inhibition of endocannabinoid metabolism by the metabolites of ibuprofen and flurbiprofen. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103589. [PMID: 25061885 PMCID: PMC4111603 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In addition to their effects upon prostaglandin synthesis, the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ibuprofen and flurbiprofen inhibit the metabolism of the endocannabinoids 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and anandamide (AEA) by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), respectively. Here, we investigated whether these effects upon endocannabinoid metabolism are shared by the main metabolites of ibuprofen and flurbiprofen. Methodology/Principal Findings COX activities were measured via changes in oxygen consumption due to oxygenation of arachidonic acid (for COX-1) and arachidonic acid and 2-AG (for COX-2). FAAH activity was quantified by measuring hydrolysis of tritium labelled AEA in rat brain homogenates. The ability of ibuprofen and flurbiprofen to inhibit COX-2-catalysed oxygenation of 2-AG at lower concentrations than the oxygenation of arachidonic acid was seen with 4′-hydroxyflurbiprofen and possibly also 3′-hydroxyibuprofen, albeit at lower potencies than the parent compounds. All ibuprofen and flurbiprofen metabolites retained the ability to inhibit FAAH in a pH-dependent manner, although the potency was lower than seen with the parent compounds. Conclusions/Significance It is concluded that the primary metabolites of ibuprofen and flurbiprofen retain some of the properties of the parent compound with respect to inhibition of endocannabinoid metabolism. However, these effects are unlikely to contribute to the actions of the parent compounds in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Karlsson
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Magiera S, Gülmez Ş. Ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of ibuprofen and its metabolites in human urine. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 92:193-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
12
|
Brozinski JM, Lahti M, Oikari A, Kronberg L. Identification and dose dependency of ibuprofen biliary metabolites in rainbow trout. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 93:1789-1795. [PMID: 23835414 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The biotransformation of the anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen (IBF) was studied by exposing rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to IBF via intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection, and via water at four (0.17, 1.9, 13 and 145 μg L(-1)) exposure levels for 4d. Following exposure, the bile was collected and analyzed by LC-MS/MS methods. The identification of the formed metabolites in i.p. injected fish bile was based on the exact mass determinations by a time-of-flight mass analyzer (Q-TOF-MS) and on the studies of fragments and fragmentation patterns of precursor ions by ion trap mass analyzer (IT-MS). In addition to unmetabolized IBF, several phase I and phase II metabolites were found in the bile. The main metabolites were acyl glucuronides and taurine conjugates of IBF and of hydroxylated IBFs. The bioconcentration factors (BCFbile), defined as the ratio of the sum of IBF and its metabolites in fish bile to the concentration of IBF in water, was determined following enzymatic deconjugation and was found to range from 14000 to 49000. The highest BCFbile was found at the lowest exposure concentration (0.17 μg L(-1)). The results show that rainbow trout has a high capacity for biotransformation of IBF, and the exposure of fish to sub μg L(-1) concentrations of IBF can be determined by the analyses of the biliary metabolites of the compound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny-Maria Brozinski
- Åbo Akademi University, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Åbo/Turku, Finland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sanoh S, Ohta S. Chimeric mice transplanted with human hepatocytes as a model for prediction of human drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2013; 35:71-86. [DOI: 10.1002/bdd.1864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seigo Sanoh
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima Japan
| | - Shigeru Ohta
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Khalaf S, Al-Rimawi F, Khamis M, Zimmerman D, Shuali U, Nir S, Scrano L, Bufo SA, Karaman R. Efficiency of advanced wastewater treatment plant system and laboratory-scale micelle-clay filtration for the removal of ibuprofen residues. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2013; 48:814-821. [PMID: 23688232 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2013.781372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of Al-Quds Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP), which includes sequential elements as activated sludge, ultrafiltration, activated carbon column and reverse osmosis, to remove spiked ibuprofen, a non steroid anti inflammatory drug (NSAID), was investigated. Kinetic studies in pure water and in the activated sludge indicated that the drug was stable during one month of observation. Besides, the overall performance of the integrated plant showed complete removal of ibuprofen from wastewater. Activated carbon column, which was the last element in the sequence before the reverse osmosis system, yielded 95.7% removal of ibuprofen. Batch adsorptions of the drug by using either activated charcoal or composite micelle-clay system were determined at 25°C and well described by Langmuir isotherms. Octadecyltrimethylammonium (ODTMA) bromide and montmorillonite were used to prepare the micelle-clay adsorbent, for which the adsorption kinetics are much faster than activated charcoal. Results suggest that integrating clay-micelle complex filters within the existing WWTP may be promising in improving removal efficiency of the NSAID.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samer Khalaf
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Uchea C, Sarda S, Schulz-Utermoehl T, Owen S, Chipman KJ. In vitromodels of xenobiotic metabolism in trout for use in environmental bioaccumulation studies. Xenobiotica 2012; 43:421-31. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2012.730644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
16
|
Grillo MP, Lohr MT, Khera S. Interaction ofγ-Glutamyltranspeptidase with Ibuprofen-S-Acyl-Glutathione In Vitro and In Vivo in Human. Drug Metab Dispos 2012; 41:111-21. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.112.048645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
17
|
Sanoh S, Horiguchi A, Sugihara K, Kotake Y, Tayama Y, Uramaru N, Ohshita H, Tateno C, Horie T, Kitamura S, Ohta S. Predictability of Metabolism of Ibuprofen and Naproxen Using Chimeric Mice with Human Hepatocytes. Drug Metab Dispos 2012; 40:2267-72. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.112.047555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
|
18
|
Jones HS, Trollope HT, Hutchinson TH, Panter GH, Chipman JK. Metabolism of ibuprofen in zebrafish larvae. Xenobiotica 2012; 42:1069-75. [PMID: 22594345 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2012.684410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The application of zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae to drug discovery assays and toxicity testing, and the occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the environment, has resulted in a need to understand the extent of the metabolic capabilities in the early life stages of this species. The aims of this study were to determine if zebrafish larvae absorbed, metabolized and excreted the model pharmaceutical, ibuprofen. Zebrafish larvae (72 h post fertilization) were exposed to ibuprofen (100 µg/L), (14)C-ibuprofen (100 µg/L) or a solvent control (ethanol) for ≤ 24 h. Water samples and larval extracts were assessed for metabolites of ibuprofen using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). Fractions from the separation of the samples treated with (14)C-ibuprofen were collected after chromatography and analysed for (14)C content by scintillation counting. Assessment of larval extracts and water samples by LC-MS-MS at 24 h resulted in the identification of hydroxy-ibuprofen in both water samples and larval extracts (8.2 and 0.08% of the total detected (14)C, respectively). A second putative hydroxy-ibuprofen moiety was also observed in water samples at trace levels, and a third minor unknown metabolite was detected in larval extracts only by scintillation counting (0.02% of the total (14)C detected). This study provides evidence that zebrafish larvae can metabolize and excrete ibuprofen in a manner known to be cytochrome P450-dependent in mammals, and the similarity to the mammalian pathway supports the use of this system as a surrogate in toxicity and efficacy screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huw S Jones
- The School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Production and NMR analysis of the human ibuprofen metabolite 3-hydroxyibuprofen. J Biotechnol 2012; 157:417-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2011.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
20
|
Quantitation of ibuprofen in blood using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Methods Mol Biol 2010; 603:289-96. [PMID: 20077080 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-459-3_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ibuprofen is a non-narcotic, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used for the treatment of pain, fever, and inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. It is also used for induction of closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in neonates. Although the exact mechanism of action of ibuprofen is not known, it is believed to mediate its therapeutic effects through the inhibition of cyclooxygenase and subsequently by the inhibition of prostacyclin production. As the drug has a number of side effects, which correlate to its circulating concentration, monitoring of ibuprofen in plasma or serum is desired for patients receiving high-dose therapy. Chromatographic methods are frequently used for the assay of ibuprofen, as no immunoassays are currently available.In the method described, the drug is extracted from the serum or plasma using methylene chloride and phosphate buffer (pH 6). Meclofenamic acid is used as an internal standard. The organic phase containing the drug is separated and dried under stream of nitrogen. After trimethylsilyl derivatization, analysis is done using gas-chromatography/ mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Quantification of the drug in a sample is achieved by comparing responses of the unknown sample to the responses of the calibrators using selected ion monitoring.
Collapse
|
21
|
Simultaneous determination of pyrimethamine, sulfadoxine, mefloquine, and ibuprofen in pharmaceutical formulations by RP-HPLC. Med Chem Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-009-9250-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
22
|
Shabir GA, Hamid A, Arain SA. Development and Validation of an HPLC Method for the Determination of 2‐(4‐Isobutylphenyl) Propionic Acid and 4‐Isobutylacetophenone in a Gel Formulation. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070701812723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdul Hamid
- b Chief Education Planning and Development Division , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Shafique A. Arain
- c Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , University of Strathclyde , Glasgow , U.K
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Shabir GA, Hamid A, Arain SA. Development and Validation of an HPLC Method for the Determination of 2‐(4‐Isobutylphenyl) Propionic Acid and 4‐Isobutylacetophenone in a Gel Formulation. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070701588547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdul Hamid
- b Chief Education Planning and Development Division , Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shafique A. Arain
- c Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , University of Strathclyde , Glasgow, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Pérez S, Barceló D. Application of advanced MS techniques to analysis and identification of human and microbial metabolites of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment. Trends Analyt Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2007.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
25
|
Damiani PC, Bearzotti M, Cabezón MA. Spectrofluorometric determination of ibuprofen in pharmaceutical formulations. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2001; 25:679-83. [PMID: 11377049 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(00)00584-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The spectrofluorometric determination of ibuprofen in pharmaceutical tablets, creams and syrup is described. It involves excitation at 263 nm and emission at 288 nm. the linear range is 2-73 mg L(-1). Other drugs or excipients present in the different formulations do not interfere, except in the case of chlorzoxazone containing tablets. Due to its strong absorbance in the spectral range the chlorzoxazone does interfere, so that in this case the proposed method can't be applied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P C Damiani
- Departamento de Química Analitica, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zwiener C, Glauner T, Frimmel FH. Biodegradation of Pharmaceutical Residues Investigated by SPE-GC/ITD-MS and On-Line Derivatization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-4168(20000801)23:7/8<474::aid-jhrc474>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
27
|
Tjørnelund J, Hansen SH. Non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis of drugs: properties and application of selected solvents. JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL METHODS 1999; 38:139-53. [PMID: 10075269 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-022x(98)00034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The electrophoretic mobility of selected acidic and basic test solutes have been determined in non-aqueous media prepared by adding various combinations of ammonium acetate, sodium acetate, methane sulphonic acid and acetic acid to acetonitrile, propylene carbonate, methanol, formamide, N-methylformamide, N,N-dimethylformamide and dimethylsulphoxide, respectively. The apparent pH (pH*) of these non-aqueous media have been measured and it was found that pH* is an important factor for the separations in non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis. However, in some solvents the concentration of sodium acetate has a strong influence on the mobility despite very small changes in pH*. Due to the fact that a change in one parameter influences a number of other parameters it is very difficult to conduct systematic studies in non-aqueous media and to compare the migration of the species at fixed pH* values from one solvent to another. Thus pH* is only of value for comparison when used with a specific solvent or solvent mixture. The viscosity of the above-mentioned solvents were measured at various temperatures and means to adjust the viscosity of the non-aqueous media used for capillary electrophoresis are discussed and the separation of ibuprofen and its major metabolites in urine is used as an example.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Tjørnelund
- Department of Analytical and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, Copenhagen.
| | | |
Collapse
|