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Sharma V, Sharma A, Wadje BN, Bharate SB. Benzopyrone, a privileged scaffold in drug discovery: An overview of FDA-approved drugs and clinical candidates. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:2035-2077. [PMID: 38532246 DOI: 10.1002/med.22032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Natural products have always served as an important source of drugs for treating various diseases. Among various privileged natural product scaffolds, the benzopyrone class of compounds has a substantial presence among biologically active compounds. One of the pioneering anticoagulant drugs, warfarin approved in 1954 bears a benzo-α-pyrone (coumarin) nucleus. The widely investigated psoriasis drugs, methoxsalen, and trioxsalen, also contain a benzo-α-pyrone nucleus. Benzo-γ-pyrone (chromone) containing drugs, cromoglic acid, and pranlukast were approved as treatments for asthma in 1982 and 2007, respectively. Numerous other small molecules with a benzopyrone core are under clinical investigation. The present review discusses the discovery, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion properties, and synthetic approaches for the Food and Drug Administration-approved and clinical-stage benzopyrone class of compounds. The role of the pyrone core in biological activity has also been discussed. The present review unravels the potential of benzopyrone core in medicinal chemistry and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venu Sharma
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ankita Sharma
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhagyashri N Wadje
- Department of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sandip B Bharate
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Choi EK, Kim HD, Park EJ, Song SY, Phan TT, Nam M, Kim M, Kim DU, Hoe KL. 8-Methoxypsoralen Induces Apoptosis by Upregulating p53 and Inhibits Metastasis by Downregulating MMP-2 and MMP-9 in Human Gastric Cancer Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2023; 31:219-226. [PMID: 36782271 PMCID: PMC9970839 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2023.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Furanocoumarin 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) is the parent compound that naturally occurs in traditional medicinal plants used historically. 8-MOP has been employed as a photochemotherapeutic component of Psoralen + Ultraviolet A (PUVA) therapy for the treatment of vitiligo and psoriasis. Although the role of 8-MOP in PUVA therapy has been studied, little is known about the effects of 8-MOP alone on human gastric cancer cells. In this study, we observed anti-proliferative effect of 8-MOP in several human cancer cell lines. Among these, the human gastric cancer cell line SNU1 is the most sensitive to 8-MOP. 8-MOP treated SNU1 cells showed G1-arrest by upregulating p53 and apoptosis by activating caspase-3 in a dose-dependent manner, which was confirmed by loss-of-function analysis through the knockdown of p53-siRNA and inhibition of apoptosis by Z-VAD-FMK. Moreover, 8-MOPinduced apoptosis is not associated with autophagy or necrosis. The signaling pathway responsible for the effect of 8-MOP on SNU1 cells was confirmed to be related to phosphorylated PI3K, ERK2, and STAT3. In contrast, 8-MOP treatment decreased the expression of the typical metastasis-related proteins MMP-2, MMP-9, and Snail in a p53-independent manner. In accordance with the serendipitous findings, treatment with 8-MOP decreased the wound healing, migration, and invasion ability of cells in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, combination treatment with 8-MOP and gemcitabine was effective at the lowest concentrations. Overall, our findings indicate that oral 8-MOP has the potential to treat early human gastric cancer, with fewer side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Kyoung Choi
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Dong Kim
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jung Park
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seuk Young Song
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Tien Thuy Phan
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Miyoung Nam
- Department of New Drug Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjung Kim
- Department of New Drug Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Uk Kim
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea,Corresponding Authors E-mail: (Hoe KL), (Kim DU), Tel: +82-42-821-8627 (Hoe KL), +82-42-860-4159 (Kim DU), Fax: +82-42-821-8927 (Hoe KL), +82-42-860-8589 (Kim DU)
| | - Kwang-Lae Hoe
- Department of New Drug Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea,Corresponding Authors E-mail: (Hoe KL), (Kim DU), Tel: +82-42-821-8627 (Hoe KL), +82-42-860-4159 (Kim DU), Fax: +82-42-821-8927 (Hoe KL), +82-42-860-8589 (Kim DU)
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Güngör SA, Tümer M, Köse M, Erkan S. N-substituted benzenesulfonamide compounds: DNA binding properties and molecular docking studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:7424-7438. [PMID: 33704019 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1897683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Benzenesulfonamide-based imine compounds 5-8 were prepared and screened for their binding properties to the FSdsDNA. The structures of synthesized compounds were elucidated by the spectroscopic and analytical methods. Compounds 5-8 were screened for their interactions with the FSdsDNA. Compound 8 showed the highest binding affinity to the FSdsDNA with intrinsic binding constant of 3.10 × 104 M-1. The compounds caused the quenching of the DNA-EB emission indicating displacement of EB (ethidium bromide) from the FSdsDNA. Finally, the binding interactions between the DNA and binder molecules 5-8 were examined by the molecular docking studies. The compounds locate approximately same region of the minor groove of DNA via hydrogen bonding contacts between the sulfonamide oxygen atoms and the DG10/DG16 nucleotides of DNA.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyit Ali Güngör
- Chemistry Department, K.Maras Sütcü Imam University, K.Maras, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tümer
- Chemistry Department, K.Maras Sütcü Imam University, K.Maras, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Köse
- Chemistry Department, K.Maras Sütcü Imam University, K.Maras, Turkey
| | - Sultan Erkan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Sivas Cumhuriyet University Yıldızeli Vocational School, Sivas, Turkey
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Imbalanced insulin substrate-1 and insulin substrate-2 signaling trigger hepatic steatosis in vitamin D deficient rats: 8-methoxypsoralen, a vitamin D receptor ligand with a promising anti-steatotic action. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158657. [PMID: 32045698 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The exact role of VD deficiency in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains unknown. In this study, we induced VD deficiency by feeding Female Sprague-Dawley rats a VD deficient (VDD) Diet and studied the hepatic changes associated with VD deficiency. Simultaneously, we provided the VDD rats with VD or 8-methoxy psoralen (8-MOP), a suggested vitamin D receptor agonist, to test the reversibility of the hepatic changes. VDD Rats developed borderline non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with considerable elevation in hepatic triglycerides, total cholesterol, and malondialdehyde. Furthermore, VD deficiency induced the expression of crucial enzymes and transcription factors involved in denovo lipogenesis, which justified the hepatic lipid accumulation. Insulin receptor signaling was affected by VD deficiency, demonstrated by the elevation in insulin substrate-1 (IRS1) and reduction in insulin substrate-2 (IRS2) signaling. Treatment with VD or 8-MOP attenuated IRS1 signaling and its downstream targets, leading to a decline in de novo lipogenesis, while the elevation in IRS2 expression resulted in the nuclear exclusion of forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) and diminished gluconeogenesis, a vital source of acetyl-CoA for de novo lipogenesis. Moreover, 8-MOP and Calcipotriol modulated insulin signaling in human hepatocyte cell line L02, which highlighted the crucial role of VD in the regulation of hepatic lipid contents in rats and humans. Silencing of the vitamin D receptor expression in L02 diminished the inhibitory effect of Calcipotriol and 8-MOP on fatty acid synthase and acetyl- CoA carboxylase 1 and provided the evidence that 8-MOP actions mediated via vitamin D receptor.
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Mitra A, Saikh F, Das J, Ghosh S, Ghosh R. Studies on the interaction of a synthetic nitro-flavone derivative with DNA: A multi-spectroscopic and molecular docking approach. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 203:357-369. [PMID: 29885634 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Interaction of a ligand with DNA is often the basis of drug action of many molecules. Flavones are important in this regard as their structural features confer them the ability to bind to DNA. 2-(4-Nitrophenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one (4NCO) is an important biologically active synthetic flavone derivative. We are therefore interested in studying its interaction with DNA. Absorption spectroscopy studies included standard and reverse titration, effect of ionic strength on titration, determination of stoichiometry of binding and thermal denaturation. Spectrofluorimetry techniques included fluorimetric titration, quenching studies and fluorescence displacement assay. Assessment of relative viscosity and estimation of thermodynamic parameters from CD spectral studies were also undertaken. Furthermore, molecular docking analyses were also done with different short DNA sequences. The fluorescent flavone 4NCO reversibly interacted with DNA through partial intercalation as well as minor-groove binding. The binding constant and the number of binding sites were of the order 104 M-1 and 1 respectively. The binding stoichiometry with DNA was found to be 1:1. The nature of the interaction of 4NCO with DNA was hydrophobic in nature and the process of binding was spontaneous, endothermic and entropy-driven. The flavone also showed a preference for binding to GC rich sequences. The study presents a profile for structural and thermodynamic parameters, for the binding of 4NCO with DNA. DNA is an important target for ligands that are effective against cell proliferative disorders. In this regard, the molecule 4NCO is important since it can exert its biological activity through its DNA binding ability and can be a potential drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mitra
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - F Saikh
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - J Das
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - S Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - R Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India.
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Alasvand N, Saeidifar M, Saboury AA, Mozafari M. Controllable synthesis and characterisation of palladium (II) anticancer complex-loaded colloidal gelatin nanoparticles as a novel sustained-release delivery system in cancer therapy. IET Nanobiotechnol 2017; 11:591-596. [PMID: 28745294 PMCID: PMC8676265 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2016.0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few years, there have been several attempts to deliver anticancer drugs into the body. It has been shown that compared to other available carriers, colloidal gelatin nanoparticles (CGNPs) have distinct properties due to their exceptional physico-chemical and biological characteristics. In this study, a novel water-soluble palladium (II) anticancer complex was first synthesised, and then loaded into CGNPs. The CGNPs were synthesised through a two-step desolvation method with an average particle size of 378 nm. After confirming the stability of the drug in the nanoparticles, the drug-loaded CGNPs were tested for in vitro cytotoxicity against human breast cancer cells. The results showed that the average drug encapsulating efficiency and drug loading of CGNPs were 64 and 10 ± 2.1% (w/w), respectively. There was a slight shift to higher values of cumulative release, when the samples were tested in lower pH values. In addition, the in vitro cytotoxicity test indicated that the number of growing cells significantly decreased after 48 h in the presence of different concentrations of drug. The results also demonstrated that the released drug could bind to DNA by a static mechanism at low concentrations (0.57 µM) on the basis of hydrophobic and hydrogen binding interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Alasvand
- Bioengineering Research Group, Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Department, Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC), P.O. Box 14155-4777, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Saeidifar
- Bioengineering Research Group, Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Department, Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC), P.O. Box 14155-4777, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Saboury
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Mozafari
- Bioengineering Research Group, Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Department, Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC), P.O. Box 14155-4777, Tehran, Iran.
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Saeidifar M, Mansouri-Torshizi H, Palizdar Y, Divsalar A, Saboury AA. Synthesis, characterization, and cytotoxicity studies of a novel palladium(II) complex and evaluation of DNA-binding aspects. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2013; 32:366-88. [PMID: 23742062 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2013.790552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A new water-soluble palladium(II) complex, [Pd(bpy)(pyr-Ac]NO₃ in which bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine and pyr-Ac is 1-pyrrolacetato, has been synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic methods (¹H NMR, FT-IR, and UV-Vis), molar conductivity measurements, and elemental analysis. The results obtained from elemental analysis and conductivity measurements confirmed the stoichiometry of ligand and its complex while the characteristic peaks in UV-Vis and FT-IR and resonance peaks in (¹H NMR spectra confirmed the formation of ligand frameworks around the palladium ion. The 50% cytotoxic concentration (Ic₅₀) of new synthesized Pd(II) complex was determined by using MTT assay against human breast cancer cell line, T47D. The interaction between the Pd(II) complex with calf thymus DNA was studied at different temperatures by using absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence titration spectra, ethidium bromide displacement, and gel chromatography studies. The results obtained by absorption spectroscopy revealed that the Pd(II) complex can bind to DNA cooperatively at low concentrations. Several binding parameters in the above interaction were calculated by the fluorescence quenching method. The quenching mechanism was suggested to be the static quenching. The thermodynamic parameters: enthalpy change (ΔH °), entropy change (ΔS °), and Gibbs free energy (ΔG °), showed that van der Waals and hydrogen binding are predominant intermolecular forces between Pd(II) complex and DNA. These results were also consistent with the results obtained from Scatchard's plots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Saeidifar
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Department, Materials and Energy Research Center, Karaj, Iran.
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8
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Novel 2,2′-bipyridine palladium(II) complexes with glycine derivatives: synthesis, characterization, cytotoxic assays and DNA-binding studies. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-013-0237-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Bathaie SZ, Nikfarjam L, Rahmanpour R, Moosavi-Movahedi AA. Spectroscopic studies of the interaction of aspirin and its important metabolite, salicylate ion, with DNA, A·T and G·C rich sequences. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2010; 77:1077-1083. [PMID: 20869297 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2010.08.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2010] [Revised: 08/01/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Among different biological effects of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), its anticancer property is controversial. Since ASA hydrolyzes rapidly to salicylic acid (SA), especially in the blood, interaction of both ASA and SA (as the small molecules) with ctDNA, oligo(dA·dT)15 and oligo(dG·dC)15, as a possible mechanism of their action, is investigated here. The results show that the rate of ASA hydrolysis in the absence and presence of ctDNA is similar. The spectrophotometric results indicate that both ASA and SA cooperatively bind to ctDNA. The binding constants (K) are (1.7±0.7)×10(3) M(-1) and (6.7±0.2)×10(3) M(-1) for ASA and SA, respectively. Both ligands quench the fluorescence emission of ethidium bromide (Et)-ctDNA complex. The Scatchard plots indicate the non-displacement based quenching (non-intercalative binding). The circular dichroism (CD) spectra of ASA- or SA-ctDsNA complexes show the minor distortion of ctDNA structure, with no characteristic peaks for intercalation of ligands. Tm of ctDNA is decreased up to 3°C upon ASA binding. The CD results also indicate more distortions on oligo(dG·dC)15 structure due to the binding of both ASA and SA in comparison with oligo(dA·dT)15. All data indicate the more affinity for SA binding with DNA minor groove in comparison with ASA which has more hydrophobic character.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Z Bathaie
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115-111, Tehran, Iran.
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Rezaei Behbehani G, Saboury AA, Zarean O, Barzegar L, Ghamamy S. Thermodynamic Study of Myelin Basic Protein upon Interaction with [Hg2+] Using Extension Solvation Model. CHINESE J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201090136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Rezaei Behbehani G, Divsalar A, Saboury AA, Faridbod F, Ganjali MR. A Thermodynamic Study on the Binding of Human Serum Albumin with Lanthanum Ion. CHINESE J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201090047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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A New Approach for Thermodynamic Study on the Binding of Human Serum Albumin with Cerium Chloride. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2009. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2009.30.6.1262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Rocha MS. Modeling the entropic structural transition of DNA complexes formed with intercalating drugs. Phys Biol 2009; 6:036013. [DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/6/3/036013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Alexander NJ, McCormick SP, Blackburn JA. Effects of xanthotoxin treatment on trichothecene production in Fusarium sporotrichioides. Can J Microbiol 2009; 54:1023-31. [PMID: 19096457 DOI: 10.1139/w08-100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There are 4 P450 oxygenases involved in the biosynthesis of T-2 toxin in Fusarium sporotrichioides. Exactly how these enzymes react to antimicrobial plant defense compounds is unknown. Xanthotoxin (8-methoxypsoralen) is a phototoxic furanocoumarin that acts as a P450 oxygenase inhibitor. The current study shows that the addition of concentrations of 1.0 mmol/L or less of xanthotoxin to liquid cultures of F. sporotrichioides NRRL3299 can effectively block T-2 toxin production and cause an increase in accumulation of trichodiene, the hydrocarbon precursor of trichothecenes. The addition of xanthotoxin to liquid cultures of a trichodiene-accumulating F. sporotrichioides Tri4- mutant caused a 3- to 10-fold increase in trichodiene accumulation, suggesting that xanthotoxin not only blocks trichothecene oxygenation reactions, but may in some way also promote the synthesis of trichodiene. Feeding studies showed that 2 of the 4 P450 oxygenases, TRI4 and TRI1, were more sensitive to xanthotoxin, while oxygenases TRI11 and TRI13 were unaffected. Quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR indicated that several of the genes in the toxin biosynthetic pathway were upregulated by xanthotoxin, with Tri4 showing the highest increase in expression. These results indicate that while xanthotoxin inhibits specific P450 oxygenase activity, it also has an effect on gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy J Alexander
- Mycotoxin Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, ARS/USDA, 1815 N. University St, Peoria, IL61604, USA.
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Hoshyar R, Bathaie SZ, Ashrafi M. Interaction of safranal and picrocrocin with ctDNA and their preferential mechanisms of binding to GC- and AT-rich oligonucleotides. DNA Cell Biol 2009; 27:665-73. [PMID: 19040376 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2008.0791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) shows different biological properties, some of which relate to its special components including safranal (deglycosylated picrocrocin). In our previous study on the mechanism of saffron functions, interaction of saffron carotenoids with DNA and oligonucleotides was reported. The present study aimed to investigate the interaction of safranal with calf thymus DNA (ctDNA), oligo(GC)15, and oligo(AT)15 in comparison with picrocrocin. Circular dichroism (CD) and fluorometric results show the nonintercalative/minor groove binding of the mentioned ligands to ctDNA. The CD plots indicate that picrocrocin interacts with DNA and oligonucleotides at lower concentrations than safranal does, which is accompanied by B- to C-DNA transition. At higher concentrations, it induces more conformational changes, that is, unstacking of DNA and oligonucleotides bases, the same as saffron carotenoids. However, similar results are obtained for safranal interaction with ctDNA (56% AT) and oligo(AT)15, but after adding safranal (with a free aldehyde group) to oligo(GC)15, the CD spectra show some changes (two positive and a displaced negative peaks) that are characteristics of triple-helix DNA. Thus, the mechanism for B- to H-DNA transition, due to the interaction of safranal with GC-rich sequences, is presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhane Hoshyar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Bathaie SZ, Sedghgoo F, Jafarnejad A, Farzami B, Khayatian M. Spectroscopic studies of STZ-induced methylated-DNA in both in vivo and in vitro conditions. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2008; 71:803-808. [PMID: 18353708 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2008.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2007] [Revised: 01/28/2008] [Accepted: 02/01/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Alkylating agents after formation of DNA adduct not only possess their harmful role on living cells but also can transfer this information to the next generation. Different techniques have been introduced to study the alkylated DNA, most of which are specific and designed for investigation of specific target DNA. But the exact differences between spectroscopic and functional properties of alkylated DNA are not seen in the literature. In the present study DNA was methylated using streptozotocin (STZ) by both in vitro and in vivo protocols, then methylated-DNA was investigated by various techniques. Our results show that (1) the binding of ethidium bromide as an intercalating dye decreases to methylated-DNA in comparison with normal DNA, (2) CD spectra of methylated-DNA show changes including a decrease in the positive band at 275 nm and a shift from 258 nm crossover to a longer wavelength, which is caused by reduction of water around it, due to the presence of additional hydrophobic methyl groups, (3) the stability of methylated-DNA against DTAB as a denaturant is decreased and (4) the enzyme-like activity of methylated-DNA in an electron transfer reaction is reduced. In conclusion, additional methyl groups not only protrude water around DNA, but also cause the loss of hydrogen bonding, loosening of conformation, preventing desired interactions and thus normal function of DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Z Bathaie
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-111, Tehran, Iran.
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Bathaie SZ, Bolhasani A, Hoshyar R, Ranjbar B, Sabouni F, Moosavi-Movahedi AA. Interaction of saffron carotenoids as anticancer compounds with ctDNA, Oligo (dG.dC)15, and Oligo (dA.dT)15. DNA Cell Biol 2007; 26:533-40. [PMID: 17688404 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2007.0598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Crocin and crocetin are two important natural saffron carotenoids, which, along with dimethylcrocetin (DMC) as a semi-synthetic product, are responsible for its color. Many biological properties of saffron have been reported, among which the anticancer property is the most important. Some anticancer drugs have direct interaction with DNA, and thus the present study attempted to investigate the interaction of three major saffron carotenoids-crocin, crocetin, and DMC--with calf thymus DNA (ctDNA) and oligonucleotides. The spectrophotometric data showed some changes in ctDNA absorption spectra due to the formation of complex with saffron extract and each of these three components. Also, all the three components caused the quenching of the fluorescence emission of ctDNA-ethidium bromide complex. The Scatchard analysis of these data indicated a noncompetitive manner for quenching, which is accompanied by the outside groove-binding pattern. The circular dichroism (CD) spectra also indicated the nonintercalative binding and induction of the conformational changes, and B to C transition in ctDNA structure and then unstacking of ctDNA bases at higher concentrations of the carotenoids. The CD spectra of G.C and A.T oligonucleotides after addition of these carotenoids indicated the transition from B- to C-DNA, which is very similar to the ctDNA spectral changes. The DeltaG(H(2)O), the best parameter for the estimation of macromolecule stability, was determined for ctDNA denaturation using dodecyl trimethylammonium bromide in the absence and presence of crocin, crocetin, or DMC. Our results showed a decrease in the Delta G(H(2)O), indicating the ctDNA destabilization due to its interaction with the mentioned ligands. In conclusion, the results show that saffron and its carotenoids interact with DNA and induce some conformational changes in it. Of these carotenoids, the order of potential of interaction with DNA is crocetin > DMC >> crocin.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zahra Bathaie
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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Rocha MS, Ferreira MC, Mesquita ON. Transition on the entropic elasticity of DNA induced by intercalating molecules. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:105108. [PMID: 17867787 DOI: 10.1063/1.2768945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We use optical tweezers to perform stretching experiments on DNA molecules when interacting with the drugs daunomycin and ethidium bromide, which intercalate the DNA molecule. Our results show that the persistence length of the DNA-drug complexes increases strongly as the drug concentration increases up to some critical value. Above this critical value, the persistence length decreases abruptly and remains approximately constant for larger drug concentrations, at least in the concentration range used in our experiments. Measured intercalators critical concentrations for the persistence length transition coincide with the reported values for the helix-coil transition of DNA-drug complexes obtained from sedimentation experiments. The contour length of the molecules increases monotonically and saturates as the drug concentration increases. The neighbor exclusion model fits to our results for the total drug concentration as a function of the relative increase of the contour length.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Rocha
- Departamento de Física, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Caixa Postal 702, Belo Horizonte, CEP 31270-901 Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Ghaderi M, Bathaie SZ, Saboury AA, Sharghi H, Tangestaninejad S. Interaction of an Fe derivative of TMAP (Fe(TMAP)OAc) with DNA in comparison with free-base TMAP. Int J Biol Macromol 2007; 41:173-9. [PMID: 17343908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2007.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2006] [Revised: 01/27/2007] [Accepted: 01/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the interaction of meso-tetrakis (N-para-methylanilium) porphyrin (TMAP) in its free base and Fe(II) form (Fe(TMAP)OAc) as a new derivative, with high molecular weight DNA at different ionic strengths, using various spectroscopic methods and microcalorimetry. The data obtained by spectrophotometery, circular dichroism (CD), fluorescence quenching and resonance light scattering (RLS) have demonstrated that TMAP association with DNA is via outside binding with self-stacking manner, which is accompanied with the "end-on" type complex formation in low ionic strength. However, in the case of Fe(TMAP)OAc, predominant mode of interaction is groove binding and after increasing in DNA concentration, unstable stacking-type aggregates are formed. In addition, isothermal titration calorimetric measurements have indicated the exothermic process of porphyrins binding to DNA, but the exothermisity in metal derivative of porphyrin is less than the free base. It confirmed the formation of a more organized aggregate of TMAP on DNA surface. Interactions of both porphyrins with DNA show high sensitivity to ionic strength. By addition of salt, the downfield CD signal of TMAP aggregates is shifted to a higher wavelength, which indicates some changes in the aggregates position. In the case of Fe(TMAP)OAc, addition of salt leads to changes in the mode of binding from groove binding to outside binding with self-stacking, which is accompanied with major changes in CD spectra, possibly indicating the formation of "face-on" type complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Ghaderi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), PO Box 14115-111, Tehran, Iran
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Barreto HM, Siqueira-Junior JP. Protective effect of furocoumarins against 254-nm ultraviolet in Staphylococcus aureus. Curr Microbiol 2005; 52:40-4. [PMID: 16320118 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-005-0078-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2005] [Accepted: 07/16/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
For Staphylococcus aureus, pretreatment with furocoumarins (FCs) protect cells against killing by far ultraviolet light (FUV; approximately 254 nm). This protective effect was evident in the repair-proficient, parental strain as well as in the repair-deficient variants in the following order of efficacy: 4,5'',8-trimethylpsoralen << 8-methoxypsoralen congruent with angelicin < 3-carbethoxypsoralen. The extent of protection was greater in the parental strain, indicating that despite the protective effect, a certain number of lethal lesions are nevertheless produced, which would be repaired with greater efficiency in such a strain than in the repair-deficient ones. This protective effect could be attribute to the inhibition of the formation of cyclobutyl pyrimidine dimers. Although the energy-transfer concept could explain the inhibition of pyrimidine dimer formation, and thus the protective effect of FC against FUV, we cannot rule out the possibility that the differences in degree of protection afforded by the FC employed here are related to a subtle and complex combination of effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto M Barreto
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular/CCEN, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa (PB) 58059-900, Brazil
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Rowther FB, Rodrigues C, Mehta AP, Deshmukh MS, Kapadia FN, Hegde A, Joshi VR. An improved method of elimination of DNA from PCR reagents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 9:53-7. [PMID: 16137180 DOI: 10.1007/bf03260072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The presence of exogenous DNA in commercially available polymerase chain reaction (PCR) reagent preparations is a serious problem when amplifying conserved regions of bacteria. The preferred and currently in-use method of decontamination using 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) and UVA requires re-standardization of decontamination with increasing concentrations of 8-MOP and UVA irradiation timings, if the DNA load of reagents is high due to lot-to-lot differences. The objective of this study was to develop a decontamination method, which would (i) work at the minimum reported concentration of 8-MOP and UVA irridation timings; and (ii) take care of inter-batch DNA-load variability of reagents. MATERIALS AND METHODS The improved method described here was formulated after studying the exact molecular mechanism of action of 8-MOP with DNA. The successful working of the method was experimentally proven and validated with 6-7 new batches of PCR reagents. The sensitivity of eubacterial PCR, after using the new method of decontamination, to be used clinically was checked with both the spiked specimens and the actual clinical specimens. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The new method was found to work at the same starting parameters of 8-MOP and UVA in such situations. The increased efficiency of this method was found to be due to the synergistic effect of both the selective treatment of Taq DNA polymerase and the split-irradiation approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farjana B Rowther
- Research laboratories, P.D. Hinduja National Hospital and MRC, Mumbai, India
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Slinchenko O, Rachkov A, Miyachi H, Ogiso M, Minoura N. Imprinted polymer layer for recognizing double-stranded DNA. Biosens Bioelectron 2005; 20:1091-7. [PMID: 15556353 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2004.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2003] [Revised: 06/12/2004] [Accepted: 06/14/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A method of preparing a thin polymer layer able to recognize double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) was developed by using 2-vinyl-4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazine (VDAT) as a functional monomer for creating a DNA-imprinted polymer. The formation of hydrogen bonds between VDAT and A-T base pairs in dsDNA was confirmed by measuring the effects of VDAT on the melting point and the NMR and CD spectra of dsDNA. An imprinted polymer that can recognize dsDNA of the verotoxin gene was prepared by polymerizing VDAT, acrylamide, a crosslinking agent, and the template verotoxin dsDNA on a silanized glass surface. The specificity of this polymer layer for binding verotoxin dsDNA was investigated by using fluorescent-labelled dsDNAs. The fluorescence intensity of the polymer layer after binding verotoxin dsDNA was twice as high as after binding oligo(dG)-oligo(dC), indicating that verotoxin dsDNA was preferentially bound to the polymer imprinted with verotoxin dsDNA. The kinetics of verotoxin dsDNA binding to the imprinted polymer were analyzed by surface plasmon resonance measurements. The dissociation constant (KD) was low, of the order of 10(-9)M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Slinchenko
- Research Center of Advanced Bionics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central 4, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan
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Heli H, Bathaie S, Mousavi M. Electrochemical investigation of neutral red binding to DNA at the surface. Electrochem commun 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2004.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Cliff MJ, Ladbury JE. A survey of the year 2002 literature on applications of isothermal titration calorimetry. J Mol Recognit 2004; 16:383-91. [PMID: 14732929 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) is becoming widely accepted as a key instrument in any laboratory in which quantification of biomolecular interactions is a requisite. The method has matured with respect to general acceptance and application development over recent years. The number of publications on ITC has grown exponentially over the last 10 years, reflecting the general utility of the method. Here all the published works of the year 2002 in this area have been surveyed. We review the broad range of systems to which ITC is being directed and classify these into general areas highlighting key publications of interest. This provides an overview of what can be achieved using this method and what developments are likely to occur in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Cliff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Gonzáles-Díaz H, Gia O, Uriarte E, Hernádez I, Ramos R, Chaviano M, Seijo S, Castillo JA, Morales L, Santana L, Akpaloo D, Molina E, Cruz M, Torres LA, Cabrera MA. Markovian chemicals "in silico" design (MARCH-INSIDE), a promising approach for computer-aided molecular design I: discovery of anticancer compounds. J Mol Model 2003; 9:395-407. [PMID: 13680309 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-003-0148-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2003] [Accepted: 07/07/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A simple stochastic approach, designed to model the movement of electrons throughout chemical bonds, is introduced. This model makes use of a Markov matrix to codify useful structural information in QSAR. The self-return probabilities of this matrix throughout time ((SR)pi(k)) are then used as molecular descriptors. Firstly, a calculation of (SR)pi(k) is made for a large series of anticancer and non-anticancer chemicals. Then, k-Means Cluster Analysis allows us to split the data series into clusters and ensure a representative design of training and predicting series. Next, we develop a classification function through Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). This QSAR discriminates between anticancer compounds and non-active compounds with a correct global classification of 90.5% in the training series. The model also correctly classified 86.07% of the compounds in the predicting series. This classification function is then used to perform a virtual screening of a combinatorial library of coumarins. In this connection, the biological assay of some furocoumarins, selected by virtual screening using the present model, gives good results. In particular, a tetracyclic derivative of 5-methoxypsoralen (5-MOP) has an IC50 against HL-60 tumoral line around 6 to 10 times lower than those for 8-MOP and 5-MOP (reference drugs), respectively. Finally, application of Iso-contribution Zone Analysis (IZA) provides structural interpretation of the biological activity predicted with this QSAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto Gonzáles-Díaz
- Chemical Bioactives Center, Central University of Las Villas, 54830 Santa Clara, Villa Clara, Cuba.
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