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Fabrizio-Stover EM, Oliver DL, Burghard AL. Tinnitus mechanisms and the need for an objective electrophysiological tinnitus test. Hear Res 2024; 449:109046. [PMID: 38810373 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2024.109046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Tinnitus, the perception of sound with no external auditory stimulus, is a complex, multifaceted, and potentially devastating disorder. Despite recent advances in our understanding of tinnitus, there are limited options for effective treatment. Tinnitus treatments are made more complicated by the lack of a test for tinnitus based on objectively measured physiological characteristics. Such an objective test would enable a greater understanding of tinnitus mechanisms and may lead to faster treatment development in both animal and human research. This review makes the argument that an objective tinnitus test, such as a non-invasive electrophysiological measure, is desperately needed. We review the current tinnitus assessment methods, the underlying neural correlates of tinnitus, the multiple tinnitus generation theories, and the previously investigated electrophysiological measurements of tinnitus. Finally, we propose an alternate objective test for tinnitus that may be valid in both animal and human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Fabrizio-Stover
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Douglas L Oliver
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Alice L Burghard
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
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2
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Schilling A, Krauss P. The Bayesian brain: world models and conscious dimensions of auditory phantom perception. J Neurophysiol 2024; 132:317-318. [PMID: 38958284 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00263.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Achim Schilling
- Neuroscience Lab, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Cognitive Computational Neuroscience Group, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patrick Krauss
- Cognitive Computational Neuroscience Group, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Wake N, Shiramatsu TI, Takahashi H. Map plasticity following noise exposure in auditory cortex of rats: implications for disentangling neural correlates of tinnitus and hyperacusis. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1385942. [PMID: 38881748 PMCID: PMC11176560 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1385942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Both tinnitus and hyperacusis, likely triggered by hearing loss, can be attributed to maladaptive plasticity in auditory perception. However, owing to their co-occurrence, disentangling their neural mechanisms proves difficult. We hypothesized that the neural correlates of tinnitus are associated with neural activities triggered by low-intensity tones, while hyperacusis is linked to responses to moderate- and high-intensity tones. Methods To test these hypotheses, we conducted behavioral and electrophysiological experiments in rats 2 to 8 days after traumatic tone exposure. Results In the behavioral experiments, prepulse and gap inhibition tended to exhibit different frequency characteristics (although not reaching sufficient statistical levels), suggesting that exposure to traumatic tones led to acute symptoms of hyperacusis and tinnitus at different frequency ranges. When examining the auditory cortex at the thalamocortical recipient layer, we observed that tinnitus symptoms correlated with a disorganized tonotopic map, typically characterized by responses to low-intensity tones. Neural correlates of hyperacusis were found in the cortical recruitment function at the multi-unit activity (MUA) level, but not at the local field potential (LFP) level, in response to moderate- and high-intensity tones. This shift from LFP to MUA was associated with a loss of monotonicity, suggesting a crucial role for inhibitory synapses. Discussion Thus, in acute symptoms of traumatic tone exposure, our experiments successfully disentangled the neural correlates of tinnitus and hyperacusis at the thalamocortical recipient layer of the auditory cortex. They also suggested that tinnitus is linked to central noise, whereas hyperacusis is associated with aberrant gain control. Further interactions between animal experiments and clinical studies will offer insights into neural mechanisms, diagnosis and treatments of tinnitus and hyperacusis, specifically in terms of long-term plasticity of chronic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Wake
- Department of Mechano-Informatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyo I Shiramatsu
- Department of Mechano-Informatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Takahashi
- Department of Mechano-Informatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Sakano H, Castle MS, Kundu P. Cochlear Nucleus Transcriptome of a Fragile X Mouse Model Reveals Candidate Genes for Hyperacusis. Laryngoscope 2024; 134:1363-1371. [PMID: 37551886 PMCID: PMC10879919 DOI: 10.1002/lary.30936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is a hereditary form of autism spectrum disorder. It is caused by a trinucleotide repeat expansion in the Fmr1 gene, leading to a loss of Fragile X Protein (FMRP) expression. The loss of FMRP causes auditory hypersensitivity: FXS patients display hyperacusis and the Fmr1- knock-out (KO) mouse model for FXS exhibits auditory seizures. FMRP is strongly expressed in the cochlear nucleus and other auditory brainstem nuclei. We hypothesize that the Fmr1-KO mouse has altered gene expression in the cochlear nucleus that may contribute to auditory hypersensitivity. METHODS RNA was isolated from cochlear nuclei of Fmr1-KO and WT mice. Using next-generation sequencing (RNA-seq), the transcriptomes of Fmr1-KO mice and WT mice (n = 3 each) were compared and analyzed using gene ontology programs. RESULTS We identified 270 unique, differentially expressed genes between Fmr1-KO and WT cochlear nuclei. Upregulated genes (67%) are enriched in those encoding secreted molecules. Downregulated genes (33%) are enriched in neuronal function, including synaptic pathways, some of which are ideal candidate genes that may contribute to hyperacusis. CONCLUSION The loss of FMRP can affect the expression of genes in the cochlear nucleus that are important for neuronal signaling. One of these, Kcnab2, which encodes a subunit of the Shaker voltage-gated potassium channel, is expressed at an abnormally low level in the Fmr1-KO cochlear nucleus. Kcnab2 and other differentially expressed genes may represent pathways for the development of hyperacusis. Future studies will be aimed at investigating the effects of these altered genes on hyperacusis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A Laryngoscope, 134:1363-1371, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Sakano
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Michael S Castle
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Paromita Kundu
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
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Schilling A, Sedley W, Gerum R, Metzner C, Tziridis K, Maier A, Schulze H, Zeng FG, Friston KJ, Krauss P. Predictive coding and stochastic resonance as fundamental principles of auditory phantom perception. Brain 2023; 146:4809-4825. [PMID: 37503725 PMCID: PMC10690027 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic insight is achieved only when experiments are employed to test formal or computational models. Furthermore, in analogy to lesion studies, phantom perception may serve as a vehicle to understand the fundamental processing principles underlying healthy auditory perception. With a special focus on tinnitus-as the prime example of auditory phantom perception-we review recent work at the intersection of artificial intelligence, psychology and neuroscience. In particular, we discuss why everyone with tinnitus suffers from (at least hidden) hearing loss, but not everyone with hearing loss suffers from tinnitus. We argue that intrinsic neural noise is generated and amplified along the auditory pathway as a compensatory mechanism to restore normal hearing based on adaptive stochastic resonance. The neural noise increase can then be misinterpreted as auditory input and perceived as tinnitus. This mechanism can be formalized in the Bayesian brain framework, where the percept (posterior) assimilates a prior prediction (brain's expectations) and likelihood (bottom-up neural signal). A higher mean and lower variance (i.e. enhanced precision) of the likelihood shifts the posterior, evincing a misinterpretation of sensory evidence, which may be further confounded by plastic changes in the brain that underwrite prior predictions. Hence, two fundamental processing principles provide the most explanatory power for the emergence of auditory phantom perceptions: predictive coding as a top-down and adaptive stochastic resonance as a complementary bottom-up mechanism. We conclude that both principles also play a crucial role in healthy auditory perception. Finally, in the context of neuroscience-inspired artificial intelligence, both processing principles may serve to improve contemporary machine learning techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim Schilling
- Neuroscience Lab, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Cognitive Computational Neuroscience Group, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - William Sedley
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Richard Gerum
- Cognitive Computational Neuroscience Group, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Center for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Claus Metzner
- Neuroscience Lab, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Maier
- Pattern Recognition Lab, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Holger Schulze
- Neuroscience Lab, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fan-Gang Zeng
- Center for Hearing Research, Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, Cognitive Sciences, Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Karl J Friston
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Patrick Krauss
- Neuroscience Lab, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Cognitive Computational Neuroscience Group, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Pattern Recognition Lab, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Vasilkov V, Caswell-Midwinter B, Zhao Y, de Gruttola V, Jung DH, Liberman MC, Maison SF. Evidence of cochlear neural degeneration in normal-hearing subjects with tinnitus. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19870. [PMID: 38036538 PMCID: PMC10689483 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46741-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tinnitus, reduced sound-level tolerance, and difficulties hearing in noisy environments are the most common complaints associated with sensorineural hearing loss in adult populations. This study aims to clarify if cochlear neural degeneration estimated in a large pool of participants with normal audiograms is associated with self-report of tinnitus using a test battery probing the different stages of the auditory processing from hair cell responses to the auditory reflexes of the brainstem. Self-report of chronic tinnitus was significantly associated with (1) reduced cochlear nerve responses, (2) weaker middle-ear muscle reflexes, (3) stronger medial olivocochlear efferent reflexes and (4) hyperactivity in the central auditory pathways. These results support the model of tinnitus generation whereby decreased neural activity from a damaged cochlea can elicit hyperactivity from decreased inhibition in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viacheslav Vasilkov
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Benjamin Caswell-Midwinter
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Yan Zhao
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Victor de Gruttola
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - David H Jung
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - M Charles Liberman
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Stéphane F Maison
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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Hsiao CJ, Galazyuk AV. Depolarization shift in the resting membrane potential of inferior colliculus neurons explains their hyperactivity induced by an acoustic trauma. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1258349. [PMID: 37732309 PMCID: PMC10508343 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1258349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Neuronal hyperactivity has been associated with many brain diseases. In the auditory system, hyperactivity has been linked to hyperacusis and tinnitus. Previous research demonstrated the development of hyperactivity in inferior colliculus (IC) neurons after sound overexposure, but the underlying mechanism of this hyperactivity remains unclear. The main goal of this study was to determine the mechanism of this hyperactivity. Methods Experiments were performed on CBA/CaJ mice in a restrained, unanesthetized condition using intracellular recordings with sharp microelectrodes. Recordings were obtained from control (unexposed) and unilaterally sound overexposed groups of mice. Results Our data suggest that sound exposure-induced hyperactivity was due to a depolarizing shift of the resting membrane potential (RMP) in the hyperactive neurons. The half width of action potentials in these neurons was also decreased after sound exposure. Surprisingly, we also found an RMP gradient in which neurons have more hyperpolarized RMPs with increasing depth in the IC. This gradient was altered in the overexposed animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander V. Galazyuk
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
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Morse K, Vander Werff KR. Onset-offset cortical auditory evoked potential amplitude differences indicate auditory cortical hyperactivity and reduced inhibition in people with tinnitus. Clin Neurophysiol 2023; 149:223-233. [PMID: 36963993 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2023.02.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study investigates evidence of hypothesized reduced central inhibition and/or increased excitation in individuals with tinnitus by evaluating cortical auditory onset versus offset responses. METHODS Cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) were recorded to the onset and offset of 3-second white noise stimuli in tinnitus and control groups matched in pairs by age, hearing, and sex (n = 26 total). Independent t-tests and 2-way mixed model ANOVA were used to evaluate onset-offset differences in amplitude, area, and latency of CAEP components by group. The predictive influence of tinnitus presence and associated participant characteristics on CAEP outcomes was assessed by multiple regression proportional reduction in error. RESULTS The tinnitus group had significantly larger onset minus offset P2 amplitudes (ΔP2 amplitudes) than control group participants. No other component variables differed significantly. ΔP2 amplitude was best predicted by tinnitus status and not significantly influenced by other variables such as hearing loss or age. CONCLUSIONS Hypothesized reduced central inhibition and/or increased excitation in tinnitus participants was partially supported by a group difference in ΔP2 amplitude. SIGNIFICANCE This was the first study to evaluate CAEP onset minus offset differences to investigate changes in central excitation/inhibition in individuals with tinnitus versus controls in matched groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Morse
- West Virginia University, Division of Communication Sciences and Disorders, USA.
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Hong ES, Kim HS, Hong SK, Pantazis D, Min BK. Deep learning-based electroencephalic diagnosis of tinnitus symptom. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1126938. [PMID: 37206311 PMCID: PMC10189886 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1126938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Tinnitus is a neuropathological phenomenon caused by the recognition of external sound that does not actually exist. Existing diagnostic methods for tinnitus are rather subjective and complicated medical examination procedures. The present study aimed to diagnose tinnitus using deep learning analysis of electroencephalographic (EEG) signals while patients performed auditory cognitive tasks. We found that, during an active oddball task, patients with tinnitus could be identified with an area under the curve of 0.886 through a deep learning model (EEGNet) using EEG signals. Furthermore, using broadband (0.5 to 50 Hz) EEG signals, an analysis of the EEGNet convolutional kernel feature maps revealed that alpha activity might play a crucial role in identifying patients with tinnitus. A subsequent time-frequency analysis of the EEG signals indicated that the tinnitus group had significantly reduced pre-stimulus alpha activity compared with the healthy group. These differences were observed in both the active and passive oddball tasks. Only the target stimuli during the active oddball task yielded significantly higher evoked theta activity in the healthy group compared with the tinnitus group. Our findings suggest that task-relevant EEG features can be considered as a neural signature of tinnitus symptoms and support the feasibility of EEG-based deep-learning approach for the diagnosis of tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eul-Seok Hong
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Seok Kim
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Kwang Hong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Dimitrios Pantazis
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Byoung-Kyong Min
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Byoung-Kyong Min,
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Henry JA. Sound Therapy to Reduce Auditory Gain for Hyperacusis and Tinnitus. Am J Audiol 2022; 31:1067-1077. [DOI: 10.1044/2022_aja-22-00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose:
Hyperacusis is the most common of the different types of sound tolerance conditions. It has been defined as physical discomfort or pain when any sound reaches a certain level of loudness that would be comfortable for most people. Because hyperacusis and tinnitus occur together so often, it has been theorized that they have a common neural mechanism. A leading contender for that mechanism is enhancement of auditory gain. The purpose of this tutorial is to review the evidence that sound/acoustic therapy can reduce auditory gain and, thereby, can increase loudness tolerance for people with hyperacusis and/or suppress the percept of tinnitus.
Method:
The scientific literature was informally reviewed to identify and elucidate relationships between tinnitus, hyperacusis, sound therapy, and auditory gain.
Results:
Evidence exists, both in animal and human studies, that enhanced auditory gain is associated with hyperacusis and tinnitus. Further evidence supports the theory that certain forms of sound therapy can reduce neural hyperactivity, thereby reducing auditory gain. The evidence for sound therapy reducing auditory gain is stronger for hyperacusis than it is for tinnitus.
Conclusions:
Based on results from numerous studies, sound therapy clearly has application as a method of desensitization for hyperacusis. Enhanced auditory gain might be responsible for tinnitus, but other mechanisms have been theorized. A review of the relevant literature leads to the conclusion that some form(s) of sound therapy has the potential to suppress or eliminate tinnitus on a long-term basis. Systematic research is needed to evaluate this premise.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A. Henry
- VA RR&D National Center for Rehabilitative Auditory Research, VA Portland Health Care System, OR
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
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Jacxsens L, De Pauw J, Cardon E, van der Wal A, Jacquemin L, Gilles A, Michiels S, Van Rompaey V, Lammers MJW, De Hertogh W. Brainstem evoked auditory potentials in tinnitus: A best-evidence synthesis and meta-analysis. Front Neurol 2022; 13:941876. [PMID: 36071905 PMCID: PMC9441610 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.941876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Accumulating evidence suggests a role of the brainstem in tinnitus generation and modulation. Several studies in chronic tinnitus patients have reported latency and amplitude changes of the different peaks of the auditory brainstem response, possibly reflecting neural changes or altered activity. The aim of the systematic review was to assess if alterations within the brainstem of chronic tinnitus patients are reflected in short- and middle-latency auditory evoked potentials (AEPs). Methods A systematic review was performed and reported according to the PRISMA guidelines. Studies evaluating short- and middle-latency AEPs in tinnitus patients and controls were included. Two independent reviewers conducted the study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment. Meta-analysis was performed using a multivariate meta-analytic model. Results Twenty-seven cross-sectional studies were included. Multivariate meta-analysis revealed that in tinnitus patients with normal hearing, significantly longer latencies of auditory brainstem response (ABR) waves I (SMD = 0.66 ms, p < 0.001), III (SMD = 0.43 ms, p < 0.001), and V (SMD = 0.47 ms, p < 0.01) are present. The results regarding possible changes in middle-latency responses (MLRs) and frequency-following responses (FFRs) were inconclusive. Discussion The discovered changes in short-latency AEPs reflect alterations at brainstem level in tinnitus patients. More specifically, the prolonged ABR latencies could possibly be explained by high frequency sensorineural hearing loss, or other modulating factors such as cochlear synaptopathy or somatosensory tinnitus generators. The question whether middle-latency AEP changes, representing subcortical level of the auditory pathway, are present in tinnitus still remains unanswered. Future studies should identify and correctly deal with confounding factors, such as age, gender and the presence of somatosensory tinnitus components. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021243687, PROSPERO [CRD42021243687].
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Jacxsens
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Edegem, Belgium
| | - Joke De Pauw
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Emilie Cardon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Edegem, Belgium
- Department of Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Annemarie van der Wal
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Dysfunction, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Laure Jacquemin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Edegem, Belgium
- Department of Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Annick Gilles
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Edegem, Belgium
- Department of Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Education, Health and Social Work, University College Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarah Michiels
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Edegem, Belgium
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, REVAL, University of Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Vincent Van Rompaey
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Edegem, Belgium
- Department of Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marc J W Lammers
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Edegem, Belgium
- Department of Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Willem De Hertogh
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Schilling A, Gerum R, Metzner C, Maier A, Krauss P. Intrinsic Noise Improves Speech Recognition in a Computational Model of the Auditory Pathway. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:908330. [PMID: 35757533 PMCID: PMC9215117 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.908330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Noise is generally considered to harm information processing performance. However, in the context of stochastic resonance, noise has been shown to improve signal detection of weak sub- threshold signals, and it has been proposed that the brain might actively exploit this phenomenon. Especially within the auditory system, recent studies suggest that intrinsic noise plays a key role in signal processing and might even correspond to increased spontaneous neuronal firing rates observed in early processing stages of the auditory brain stem and cortex after hearing loss. Here we present a computational model of the auditory pathway based on a deep neural network, trained on speech recognition. We simulate different levels of hearing loss and investigate the effect of intrinsic noise. Remarkably, speech recognition after hearing loss actually improves with additional intrinsic noise. This surprising result indicates that intrinsic noise might not only play a crucial role in human auditory processing, but might even be beneficial for contemporary machine learning approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim Schilling
- Laboratory of Sensory and Cognitive Neuroscience, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Neuroscience Lab, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Cognitive Computational Neuroscience Group, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Richard Gerum
- Department of Physics and Center for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Claus Metzner
- Neuroscience Lab, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Maier
- Pattern Recognition Lab, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patrick Krauss
- Neuroscience Lab, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Cognitive Computational Neuroscience Group, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Pattern Recognition Lab, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Linguistics Lab, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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13
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de Siqueira DVF, Strazza PS, Benites NM, Leão RM. Salicylate activates KATP channels and reduces spontaneous firing in glycinergic cartwheel neurons in the dorsal cochlear nucleus of rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 926:175026. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chen F, Zhao F, Mahafza N, Lu W. Detecting Noise-Induced Cochlear Synaptopathy by Auditory Brainstem Response in Tinnitus Patients With Normal Hearing Thresholds: A Meta-Analysis. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:778197. [PMID: 34987358 PMCID: PMC8721093 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.778197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy (CS) is defined as a permanent loss of synapses in the auditory nerve pathway following noise exposure. Several studies using auditory brainstem response (ABR) have indicated the presence of CS and increased central gain in tinnitus patients with normal hearing thresholds (TNHT), but the results were inconsistent. This meta-analysis aimed to review the evidence of CS and its pathological changes in the central auditory system in TNHT. Published studies using ABR to study TNHT were reviewed. PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus databases were selected to search for relevant literature. Studies (489) were retrieved, and 11 were included for meta-analysis. The results supported significantly reduced wave I amplitude in TNHT, whereas the alternations in wave V amplitude were inconsistent among the studies. Consistently increased V/I ratio indicated noise-induced central gain enhancement. The results indicated the evidence of noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy in tinnitus patients with normal hearing. However, inconsistent changes in wave V amplitude may be explained by that the failure of central gain that triggers the pathological neural changes in the central auditory system and/or that increased central gain may be necessary to generate tinnitus but not to maintain tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifan Chen
- Centre for Speech and Language Therapy and Hearing Science, Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Fei Zhao
- Centre for Speech and Language Therapy and Hearing Science, Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Department of Hearing and Speech Science, Guangzhou Xinhua College, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nadeem Mahafza
- Centre for Speech and Language Therapy and Hearing Science, Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Kohrman D, Borges BC, Cassinotti L, Ji L, Corfas G. Axon-glia interactions in the ascending auditory system. Dev Neurobiol 2021; 81:546-567. [PMID: 33561889 PMCID: PMC9004231 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The auditory system detects and encodes sound information with high precision to provide a high-fidelity representation of the environment and communication. In mammals, detection occurs in the peripheral sensory organ (the cochlea) containing specialized mechanosensory cells (hair cells) that initiate the conversion of sound-generated vibrations into action potentials in the auditory nerve. Neural activity in the auditory nerve encodes information regarding the intensity and frequency of sound stimuli, which is transmitted to the auditory cortex through the ascending neural pathways. Glial cells are critical for precise control of neural conduction and synaptic transmission throughout the pathway, allowing for the precise detection of the timing, frequency, and intensity of sound signals, including the sub-millisecond temporal fidelity is necessary for tasks such as sound localization, and in humans, for processing complex sounds including speech and music. In this review, we focus on glia and glia-like cells that interact with hair cells and neurons in the ascending auditory pathway and contribute to the development, maintenance, and modulation of neural circuits and transmission in the auditory system. We also discuss the molecular mechanisms of these interactions, their impact on hearing and on auditory dysfunction associated with pathologies of each cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kohrman
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute and Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, 1150 West. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Beatriz C. Borges
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute and Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, 1150 West. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Luis Cassinotti
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute and Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, 1150 West. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lingchao Ji
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute and Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, 1150 West. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gabriel Corfas
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute and Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, 1150 West. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Hsiao CJ, Galazyuk AV. Effect of Unilateral Acoustic Trauma on Neuronal Firing Activity in the Inferior Colliculus of Mice. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2021; 13:684141. [PMID: 34239435 PMCID: PMC8258394 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2021.684141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural hyperactivity induced by sound exposure often correlates with the development of hyperacusis and/or tinnitus. In laboratory animals, hyperactivity is typically induced by unilateral sound exposure to preserve one ear for further testing of hearing performance. Most ascending fibers in the auditory system cross into the superior olivary complex and then ascend contralaterally. Therefore, unilateral exposure should be expected to mostly affect the contralateral side above the auditory brain stem. On the other hand, it is well known that a significant number of neurons have crossing fibers at every level of the auditory pathway, which may spread the effect of unilateral exposure onto the ipsilateral side. Here we demonstrate that unilateral sound exposure causes development of hyperactivity in both the contra and ipsilateral inferior colliculus in mice. We found that both the spontaneous firing rate and bursting activity were increased significantly compared to unexposed mice. The neurons with characteristic frequencies at or above the center frequency of exposure showed the greatest increase. Surprisingly, this increase was more pronounced in the ipsilateral inferior colliculus. This study highlights the importance of considering both ipsi- and contralateral effects in future studies utilizing unilateral sound exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Jen Hsiao
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
| | - Alexander V Galazyuk
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
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Schilling A, Tziridis K, Schulze H, Krauss P. The stochastic resonance model of auditory perception: A unified explanation of tinnitus development, Zwicker tone illusion, and residual inhibition. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 262:139-157. [PMID: 33931176 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stochastic resonance (SR) has been proposed to play a major role in auditory perception, and to maintain optimal information transmission from the cochlea to the auditory system. By this, the auditory system could adapt to changes of the auditory input at second or even sub-second timescales. In case of reduced auditory input, somatosensory projections to the dorsal cochlear nucleus would be disinhibited in order to improve hearing thresholds by means of SR. As a side effect, the increased somatosensory input corresponding to the observed tinnitus-associated neuronal hyperactivity is then perceived as tinnitus. In addition, the model can also explain transient phantom tone perceptions occurring after ear plugging, or the Zwicker tone illusion. Vice versa, the model predicts that via stimulation with acoustic noise, SR would not be needed to optimize information transmission, and hence somatosensory noise would be tuned down, resulting in a transient vanishing of tinnitus, an effect referred to as residual inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim Schilling
- Neuroscience Lab, Experimental Otolaryngology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; Cognitive Computational Neuroscience Group at the Chair of English Philology and Linguistics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Konstantin Tziridis
- Neuroscience Lab, Experimental Otolaryngology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Holger Schulze
- Neuroscience Lab, Experimental Otolaryngology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patrick Krauss
- Neuroscience Lab, Experimental Otolaryngology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; Cognitive Computational Neuroscience Group at the Chair of English Philology and Linguistics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany; FAU Linguistics Lab, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany; Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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18
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de Azevedo AA, Penido NDO, Figueiredo RR. Event related potentials (ERPs) to assess the tinnitus complaint during drug treatment. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 262:175-187. [PMID: 33931178 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies have shown that the attention given to tinnitus can be a determinant of tinnitus severity. Some of these studies have shown changes in the amplitude and/or latency parameters of the event-related auditory potentials (ERPs). One of the tools previously employed to investigate an individual's attention is the Event Related Potential (ERP), which reflects the amount of attention from the patient to the provided auditory stimuli. OBJECTIVE To verify if the use of central and peripheral drugs tested for the treatment of tinnitus present changes in the measurable parameters of event-related potentials when compared to Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). METHOD Eighty-eight tinnitus patients were randomly sorted into two drug groups: (1) drugs with a central action mechanism and (2) drug with peripheral action mechanism. Their effects upon the negative aspects caused by tinnitus symptoms were evaluated by the ERPs during three periods: Premedication (T1), at Termination of the drug treatment (T2), and following the Washout period (T3), and then compared with the results from the THI questionnaire and VAS. RESULTS ERP waves in both groups did not demonstrate significant differences during the three evaluated periods (P=0.53), despite the significant improvement seen through the evaluation by the THI questionnaire and VAS for tinnitus annoyance and intensity (P<0.0001). CONCLUSION The use of ERPs with patients of chronic tinnitus who have been submitted to treatment using drugs having actions on both the CNS and peripheral auditory system did not present changes in either latency or amplitude of the waves throughout the treatment when compared to the THI questionnaire and VAS. The ERPs cannot be considered as criterion to evaluate the evolution of drug treatment in patients complaining of tinnitus. The statistically significant reduction in THI and VAS scores among all drugs used occurred with dopamine antagonists. Considering the possible antipsychotic effects, we can conclude that the concomitance of a variety of psychopathological conditions such as obsessive-compulsive disorder may be associated with tinnitus in some patients and may be responsible for the severity of the symptom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréia Aparecida de Azevedo
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Otorrinolaringologia sul fluminense (Otosul), Volta Redonda, Brazil.
| | | | - Ricardo Rodrigues Figueiredo
- Otorrinolaringologia sul fluminense (Otosul), Volta Redonda, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina de Valença, Volta Redonda, Volta Redonda, RJ, Brazil
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19
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Liu H, Peng H, Wang L, Xu P, Wang Z, Liu H, Wu H. Differences in Calcium Clearance at Inner Hair Cell Active Zones May Underlie the Difference in Susceptibility to Noise-Induced Cochlea Synaptopathy of C57BL/6J and CBA/CaJ Mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:635201. [PMID: 33634111 PMCID: PMC7902005 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.635201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Noise exposure of a short period at a moderate level can produce permanent cochlear synaptopathy without seeing lasting changes in audiometric threshold. However, due to the species differences in inner hair cell (IHC) calcium current that we have recently discovered, the susceptibility to noise exposure may vary, thereby impact outcomes of noise exposure. In this study, we investigate the consequences of noise exposure in the two commonly used animal models in hearing research, CBA/CaJ (CBA) and C57BL/6J (B6) mice, focusing on the functional changes of cochlear IHCs. In the CBA mice, moderate noise exposure resulted in a typical fully recovered audiometric threshold but a reduced wave I amplitude of auditory brainstem responses. In contrast, both auditory brainstem response threshold and wave I amplitude fully recovered in B6 mice at 2 weeks after noise exposure. Confocal microscopy observations found that ribbon synapses of IHCs recovered in B6 mice but not in CBA mice. To further characterize the molecular mechanism underlying these different phenotypes in synaptopathy, we compared the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 with the expression of cytochrome-C and found increased activity in CBA mice after noise exposure. Under whole-cell patch clamped IHCs, we acquired two-photon calcium imaging around the active zone to evaluate the Ca2+ clearance rate and found that CBA mice have a slower calcium clearance rate. Our results indicated that excessive accumulation of calcium due to acoustic overexposure and slow clearance around the presynaptic ribbon might lead to disruption of calcium homeostasis, followed by mitochondrial dysfunction of IHCs that cause susceptibility of noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy in CBA mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchao Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Hu Peng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Longhao Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengcheng Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoyan Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Huihui Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
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20
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Cook JA, Barry KM, Zimdahl JW, Leggett K, Mulders WHAM. Spontaneous firing patterns in the medial geniculate nucleus in a guinea pig model of tinnitus. Hear Res 2021; 403:108190. [PMID: 33556774 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2021.108190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of tinnitus, the perception of sound in the absence of acoustic stimulation, remains as yet unknown. It has been proposed that tinnitus is caused by altered spontaneous activity in the auditory pathway following cochlear damage in combination with inadequate gating at the level of the auditory thalamus, the medial geniculate nucleus (MGN). To investigate this further we made electrophysiological recordings in MGN of guinea pigs (n = 9) with and without tinnitus after acoustic trauma (continuous loud tone at 10 kHz, 124 dB SPL for 2 h). Parameters of interest were spontaneous tonic and burst firing. After acoustic trauma, 5 out of 9 guinea pigs developed signs of tinnitus as determined by the gap prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle. Spontaneous firing rates were significantly increased in the tinnitus animals as compared to the non-tinnitus animals and this change was specific to pure-tone responsive MGN neurons. However, burst firing parameters, including number of bursts per minute, burst duration, number of spikes in each burst, and percentage of spikes occurring in a burst, were not different between tinnitus and non-tinnitus animals. In addition, our data showed a strong dependence of spontaneous firing rates with heart rate, which implies that monitoring physiological status in animals is pertinent to obtaining reliable data when recording at higher levels of the auditory pathway. Our results suggest that increases in the tonic spontaneous fining rate of pure-tone responsive MGN neurons but not changes in burst firing parameters, are a robust neural signature of tinnitus in anaesthetised animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Cook
- The Auditory laboratory, School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - K M Barry
- The Auditory laboratory, School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - J W Zimdahl
- The Auditory laboratory, School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - K Leggett
- The Auditory laboratory, School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - W H A M Mulders
- The Auditory laboratory, School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
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21
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Barry KM, Robertson D, Mulders WHAM. Changes in Prefrontal Cortex-Thalamic Circuitry after Acoustic Trauma. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9010077. [PMID: 33466899 PMCID: PMC7829915 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the adult auditory system, loss of input resulting from peripheral deafferentation is well known to lead to plasticity in the central nervous system, manifested as reorganization of cortical maps and altered activity throughout the central auditory pathways. The auditory system also has strong afferent and efferent connections with cortico-limbic circuitry including the prefrontal cortex and the question arises whether this circuitry is also affected by loss of peripheral input. Recent studies in our laboratory showed that PFC activation can modulate activity of the auditory thalamus or medial geniculate nucleus (MGN) in normal hearing rats. In addition, we have shown in rats that cochlear trauma resulted in altered spontaneous burst firing in MGN. However, whether the PFC influence on MGN is changed after cochlear trauma is unknown. We investigated the effects of electrical stimulation of PFC on single neuron activity in the MGN in anaesthetized Wistar rats 2 weeks after acoustic trauma or sham surgery. Electrical stimulation of PFC showed a variety of effects in MGN neurons both in sham and acoustic trauma groups but inhibitory responses were significantly larger in the acoustic trauma animals. These results suggest an alteration in functional connectivity between PFC and MGN after cochlear trauma. This change may be a compensatory mechanism increasing sensory gating after the development of altered spontaneous activity in MGN, to prevent altered activity reaching the cortex and conscious perception.
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22
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Strazza PS, de Siqueira DVF, Leão RM. ATP-sensitive K + channels control the spontaneous firing of a glycinergic interneuron in the auditory brainstem. J Physiol 2021; 599:1611-1630. [PMID: 33369743 DOI: 10.1113/jp280233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Cartwheel neurons provide potent inhibition to fusiform neurons in the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN). Most cartwheel neurons fire action potentials spontaneously, but the ion channels responsible for this intrinsic activity are unknown. We investigated the ion channels responsible for the intrinsic firing of cartwheel neurons and the stable resting membrane potential found in a fraction of these neurons (quiet neurons). Among the ion channels controlling membrane potential of cartwheel neurons, the presence of open ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP ) is responsible for the existence of quiet neurons. Our results pinpoint KATP channel modulation as a critical factor controlling the firing of cartwheel neurons. Hence, it is a crucial channel influencing the balance of excitation and inhibition in the DCN. ABSTRACT Cartwheel neurons from the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) are glycinergic interneurons and the primary source of inhibition on the fusiform neurons, the DCN's principal excitatory neuron. Most cartwheel neurons present spontaneous firing (active neurons), producing a steady inhibitory tone on fusiform neurons. In contrast, a small fraction of these neurons do not fire spontaneously (quiet neurons). Hyperactivity of fusiform neurons is seen in animals with behavioural evidence of tinnitus. Because of its relevance in controlling the excitability of fusiform neurons, we investigated the ion channels responsible for the spontaneous firing of cartwheel neurons in DCN slices from rats. We found that quiet neurons presented an outward conductance not seen in active neurons, which generates a stable resting potential. This current was sensitive to tolbutamide, an ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP ) antagonist. After inhibition with tolbutamide, quiet neurons start to fire spontaneously, while the active neurons were not affected. On the other hand, in active neurons, KATP agonist diazoxide activated a conductance similar to quiet neurons' KATP conductance and stopped spontaneous firing. According to the effect of KATP channels on cartwheel neuron firing, glycinergic neurotransmission in DCN was increased by tolbutamide and decreased by diazoxide. Our results reveal a role of KATP channels in controlling the spontaneous firing of neurons not involved in fuel homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo S Strazza
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela V F de Siqueira
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo M Leão
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Jeschke M, Happel MFK, Tziridis K, Krauss P, Schilling A, Schulze H, Ohl FW. Acute and Long-Term Circuit-Level Effects in the Auditory Cortex After Sound Trauma. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:598406. [PMID: 33469416 PMCID: PMC7813782 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.598406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Harmful environmental sounds are a prevailing source of chronic hearing impairments, including noise induced hearing loss, hyperacusis, or tinnitus. How these symptoms are related to pathophysiological damage to the sensory receptor epithelia and its effects along the auditory pathway, have been documented in numerous studies. An open question concerns the temporal evolution of maladaptive changes after damage and their manifestation in the balance of thalamocortical and corticocortical input to the auditory cortex (ACx). To address these issues, we investigated the loci of plastic reorganizations across the tonotopic axis of the auditory cortex of male Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) acutely after a sound trauma and after several weeks. We used a residual current-source density analysis to dissociate adaptations of intracolumnar input and horizontally relayed corticocortical input to synaptic populations across cortical layers in ACx. A pure tone-based sound trauma caused acute changes of subcortical inputs and corticocortical inputs at all tonotopic regions, particularly showing a broad reduction of tone-evoked inputs at tonotopic regions around the trauma frequency. At other cortical sites, the overall columnar activity acutely decreased, while relative contributions of lateral corticocortical inputs increased. After 4-6 weeks, cortical activity in response to the altered sensory inputs showed a general increase of local thalamocortical input reaching levels higher than before the trauma. Hence, our results suggest a detailed mechanism for overcompensation of altered frequency input in the auditory cortex that relies on a changing balance of thalamocortical and intracortical input and along the frequency gradient of the cortical tonotopic map.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Jeschke
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Biology (IBIO), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg (OVGU), Magdeburg, Germany
- Cognitive Hearing in Primates Group, Auditory Neuroscience and Optogenetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience Göttingen, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Max F. K. Happel
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Biology (IBIO), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg (OVGU), Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Konstantin Tziridis
- Experimental Otolaryngology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patrick Krauss
- Experimental Otolaryngology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Achim Schilling
- Experimental Otolaryngology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Holger Schulze
- Experimental Otolaryngology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frank W. Ohl
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Biology (IBIO), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg (OVGU), Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany
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Riffle TL, Martel DT, Jones GR, Shore SE. Bimodal Auditory Electrical Stimulation for the Treatment of Tinnitus: Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2021; 51:295-323. [PMID: 33083999 PMCID: PMC8058117 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2020_180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tinnitus, or the phantom perception of sound, arises from pathological neural activity. Neurophysiological research has shown increased spontaneous firing rates and synchronization along the auditory pathway correlate strongly with behavioral measures of tinnitus. Auditory neurons are plastic, enabling external stimuli to be utilized to elicit long-term changes to spontaneous firing and synchrony. Pathological plasticity can thus be reversed using bimodal auditory plus nonauditory stimulation to reduce tinnitus. This chapter discusses preclinical and clinical evidence for efficacy of bimodal stimulation treatments of tinnitus, with highlights on sham-controlled, double-blinded clinical trials. The results from these studies have shown some efficacy in reducing the severity of tinnitus, based on subjective and objective outcome measures including tinnitus questionnaires and psychophysical tinnitus measurements. While results of some studies have been positive, the degree of benefit and the populations that respond to treatment vary across the studies. Directions and implications of future studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis L Riffle
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David T Martel
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gerilyn R Jones
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Susan E Shore
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Chen CH, Huang CY, Chang CY, Cheng YF. Efficacy of Low-Level Laser Therapy for Tinnitus: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10120931. [PMID: 33276501 PMCID: PMC7761002 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10120931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE Tinnitus is a common disorder characterized by sound in the ear in the absence of external or internal stimuli. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) was discovered enhancing tissue repair via increasing the blood microcirculation and cell proliferation in 1960s. In the last two decades, LLLT delivered to the cochlea has frequently been used to reduce the severity of tinnitus. However, whether LLLT effectively attenuates the severity of tinnitus remains controversial. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of low-level laser therapy on adult patients with complaints of tinnitus. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis. INTERVENTIONS Low-level laser therapy (LLLT). MEASUREMENTS Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) score; improvement rates of the visual analog scale (VAS), verbal rating scale (VRS) and numeric rating scale (NRS) scores. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library from inception through 17 September 2020. Randomized control trials that involved adult patients with complaints of tinnitus, compared LLLT to a placebo and provided sufficient information for meta-analysis were considered eligible. MAIN RESULTS Overall, 11 studies involving 670 patients were included. No significant difference in the overall effect according to the THI score (mean difference (MD), -2.85; 95% CI, -8.99 to 3.28; p = 0.362; I2 = 0%) and the rating scale score improvement rate (risk ratio (RR), 1.35; 95% CI, 0.81 to 2.27; p = 0.250; I2 = 67%) was demonstrated between patients receiving LLLT and those receiving a placebo. None of the subgroup analyses showed significant differences, regardless of underlying sensorineural hearing loss, the number of irradiation sessions or the wavelength used. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis suggests that the value of LLLT in controlling the severity of tinnitus remains unclear, in part due to the relatively small number of patients and underlying heterogeneity. More large-scale investigations of LLLT for tinnitus related to inner ear disease are required to further elucidate the therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hao Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (C.-Y.H.)
| | - Chii-Yuan Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (C.-Y.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan;
| | - Yen-Fu Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (C.-Y.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2871-2121 (ext. 1292)
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Abstract
Tinnitus is a phantom auditory sensation in the absence of external sounds, while hyperacusis is an atypical sensitivity to external sounds that leads them to be perceived as abnormally loud or even painful. Both conditions may reflect the brain's over-compensation for reduced input from the ear. The present work differentiates between two compensation models: The additive central noise compensates for hearing loss and is likely to generate tinnitus, whereas the multiplicative central gain compensates for hidden hearing loss and is likely to generate hyperacusis. Importantly, both models predict increased variance in central representations of sounds, especially a nonlinear increase in variance by the central gain. The increased central variance limits the amount of central compensation and reduces temporal synchrony, which can explain the insufficient central gain reported in the literature. Future studies need to collect trial-by-trial firing variance data so that the present variance-based model can be falsified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Gang Zeng
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, Cognitive Sciences, and Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Center for Hearing Research, University of California Irvine
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Gault R, McGinnity TM, Coleman S. Perceptual Modeling of Tinnitus Pitch and Loudness. IEEE Trans Cogn Dev Syst 2020. [DOI: 10.1109/tcds.2020.2964841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Preventing presbycusis in mice with enhanced medial olivocochlear feedback. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:11811-11819. [PMID: 32393641 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2000760117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
"Growing old" is the most common cause of hearing loss. Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) (presbycusis) first affects the ability to understand speech in background noise, even when auditory thresholds in quiet are normal. It has been suggested that cochlear denervation ("synaptopathy") is an early contributor to age-related auditory decline. In the present work, we characterized age-related cochlear synaptic degeneration and hair cell loss in mice with enhanced α9α10 cholinergic nicotinic receptors gating kinetics ("gain of function" nAChRs). These mediate inhibitory olivocochlear feedback through the activation of associated calcium-gated potassium channels. Cochlear function was assessed via distortion product otoacoustic emissions and auditory brainstem responses. Cochlear structure was characterized in immunolabeled organ of Corti whole mounts using confocal microscopy to quantify hair cells, auditory neurons, presynaptic ribbons, and postsynaptic glutamate receptors. Aged wild-type mice had elevated acoustic thresholds and synaptic loss. Afferent synapses were lost from inner hair cells throughout the aged cochlea, together with some loss of outer hair cells. In contrast, cochlear structure and function were preserved in aged mice with gain-of-function nAChRs that provide enhanced olivocochlear inhibition, suggesting that efferent feedback is important for long-term maintenance of inner ear function. Our work provides evidence that olivocochlear-mediated resistance to presbycusis-ARHL occurs via the α9α10 nAChR complexes on outer hair cells. Thus, enhancement of the medial olivocochlear system could be a viable strategy to prevent age-related hearing loss.
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Abstract
Cochlear damage is often thought to result in hearing thresholds shift, whether permanent or temporary. The report of tinnitus in the absence of any clear deficit in cochlear function was believed to indicate that hearing loss and tinnitus, while comorbid, could arise independently from each other. In all likelihood, tinnitus that is not of central nervous system origin is associated with hearing loss. As a correlate, although a treatment of most forms of tinnitus will likely emerge in the years to come, curing tinnitus will first require curing hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronna Hertzano
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Erika L Lipford
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Didier Depireux
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; R&D OtolithLabs, Washington, DC, USA.
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Hong T, Ralli M, Stocking C, Sheppard A. Acoustic analysis of hearing aid sound therapy programs. HEARING, BALANCE AND COMMUNICATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/21695717.2019.1692592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Hong
- Department of Communicative Disorders and Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Massimo Ralli
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Christina Stocking
- Department of Communicative Disorders and Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Adam Sheppard
- Department of Communicative Disorders and Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Freemyer A, Neal C, Nelson-Brantley J, Staecker H, Durham D. Early Onset Region and Cell Specific Alterations of Doublecortin Expression in the CNS of Animals with Sound Damage Induced Hearing Loss. IBRO Rep 2019; 7:129-140. [PMID: 31872150 PMCID: PMC6906648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sound damage induced hearing loss has been shown to elicit changes in auditory and non-auditory brain regions. A protein critical for neuronal migration and brain development, doublecortin (DCX), has been used as a marker of central nervous system (CNS) neuroplasticity. DCX is expressed in unipolar brush cells (UBCs) of the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN), cerebellar parafloccular lobe (PFL) and neuronal precursor cells in the sub-granular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). Sound damage induced hearing loss has been shown to differentially impact DCX expression months later. To identify earlier alterations in DCX expression, we utilized immunohistochemistry to detect DCX protein in three brain regions (DCN, PFL, DG) approximately one month following unilateral sound damage. Auditory brainstem response was used to measure hearing loss. Unilateral hearing loss was evident in all sound damaged animals. Hearing loss related decreases in DCX expression were evident bilaterally in the DG while hearing loss related increases in DCX expression were evident bilaterally in the PFL. No changes to DCX expression were evident in the auditory DCN. Gap detection was used to assess whether this sound damage paradigm induced tinnitus-like behavior. However, results obtained from this behavioral test as used here were inconclusive and are presented here only as a guide to others wishing to design similar studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Freemyer
- Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physical Therapy, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States
| | - Christopher Neal
- Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States
| | - Jennifer Nelson-Brantley
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States
| | - Hinrich Staecker
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States
| | - Dianne Durham
- Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States
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Godfrey DA, Mikesell NL, Godfrey TG, Kaltenbach JA. Amino acid and acetylcholine chemistry in mountain beaver cochlear nucleus and comparisons to pocket gopher, other rodents, and cat. Hear Res 2019; 385:107841. [PMID: 31765816 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2019.107841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The mountain beaver and pocket gopher are two rodents that live mostly underground in tunnel systems. Previous studies have suggested that their cochlear nucleus structure, particularly that of the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN), differs significantly from that of other mammals, that the hearing ability of the pocket gopher is deficient compared to that of other rodents, and that the DCN of the mountain beaver is more responsive to slow oscillations of air pressure than to sounds. We conducted some electrophysiological recordings from mountain beaver DCN and then used microchemical methods to map in mountain beaver cochlear nuclei the distributions of amino acids, including the major neurotransmitters of the brain, and enzyme activities related to the metabolism of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which functions in centrifugal pathways to the cochlear nucleus. Similar measurements were made for a pocket gopher cochlear nucleus. Responses to tonal stimuli were found in mountain beaver DCN. Distributions and magnitudes of neurotransmitter and related amino acids within mountain beaver and pocket gopher cochlear nuclei were not very different from those of other rodents and cat. However, the enzyme of synthesis for acetylcholine, choline acetyltransferase, had only low activities in the DCN of both mountain beaver and pocket gopher. The chemical distributions in the mountain beaver DCN support a conclusion that it corresponds to just the superficial DCN portion of other mammals. High correlations between the concentrations of γ-aminobutyrate (GABA) and glycine were found for both mountain beaver and pocket gopher cochlear nuclei, suggesting that their co-localization in cochlear nucleus synapses may be especially prominent in these animals. Previous evidence suggests convergence of somatosensory and auditory information in the DCN, and this may be especially true in animals spending most of their time underground. Our results suggest that the enlarged DCN of the mountain beaver and that of the pocket gopher are not very different from those of other rodents with respect to involvement of amino acid neurotransmitters, but they appear to have reduced cholinergic innervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald A Godfrey
- Department of Neurology and Division of Otolaryngology and Dentistry, Department of Surgery, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA.
| | - Nikki L Mikesell
- Department of Neurology and Division of Otolaryngology and Dentistry, Department of Surgery, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Timothy G Godfrey
- Department of Neurology and Division of Otolaryngology and Dentistry, Department of Surgery, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - James A Kaltenbach
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Shore SE, Wu C. Mechanisms of Noise-Induced Tinnitus: Insights from Cellular Studies. Neuron 2019; 103:8-20. [PMID: 31271756 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Tinnitus, sound perception in the absence of physical stimuli, occurs in 15% of the population and is the top-reported disability for soldiers after combat. Noise overexposure is a major factor associated with tinnitus but does not always lead to tinnitus. Furthermore, people with normal audiograms can get tinnitus. In animal models, equivalent cochlear damage occurs in animals with and without behavioral evidence of tinnitus. But cochlear-nerve-recipient neurons in the brainstem demonstrate distinct, synchronized spontaneous firing patterns only in animals that develop tinnitus, driving activity in central brain regions and ultimately giving rise to phantom perception. Examining tinnitus-specific changes in single-cell populations enables us to begin to distinguish neural changes due to tinnitus from those that are due to hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Shore
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Calvin Wu
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Barry K, Robertson D, Mulders W. Changes in auditory thalamus neural firing patterns after acoustic trauma in rats. Hear Res 2019; 379:89-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Peter N, Liyanage N, Pfiffner F, Huber A, Kleinjung T. The Influence of Cochlear Implantation on Tinnitus in Patients with Single-Sided Deafness: A Systematic Review. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2019; 161:576-588. [DOI: 10.1177/0194599819846084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
ObjectivesThis systematic review provides an overview of the available studies (published by January 29, 2018) with descriptive data analysis about the influence of cochlear implantation on tinnitus in patients with single-sided deafness (SSD).Data SourcesPubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar.Review MethodsOriginal studies about the influence of cochlear implantation on tinnitus, measured with different tinnitus questionnaires or visual analog scale, in patients with SSD were included. The pre- and postimplantation tinnitus scores of the included studies were extracted for the further systematic review.ResultsThe systematic search yielded 1028 studies. After evaluating titles, abstracts, and full texts, 1011 of these were dismissed. From the remaining 17 studies, 4 showed a low directness of evidence or high risk of bias and were therefore excluded. Due to the nature of cochlear implantation in SSD, only cohort studies and no randomized trials exist, which limits the evaluation in a systematic review. Generally, the mean tinnitus questionnaire scores decreased after cochlear implantation in these 13 studies with a total of 153 patients. The most widely used tinnitus questionnaire was the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory. In these studies, 34.2% of patients demonstrated complete suppression, 53.7% an improvement, 7.3% a stable value, and 4.9% an increase of tinnitus, and none of the patients reported an induction of tinnitus.ConclusionThis review shows a clear improvement of tinnitus complaints after cochlear implantation in patients with SSD. Therefore, tinnitus might be considered as an additional indication for cochlear implantation in SSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Peter
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nuwan Liyanage
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Flurin Pfiffner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Huber
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Kleinjung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Pienkowski M. Rationale and Efficacy of Sound Therapies for Tinnitus and Hyperacusis. Neuroscience 2019; 407:120-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Theodoroff SM, Kaltenbach JA. The Role of the Brainstem in Generating and Modulating Tinnitus. Am J Audiol 2019; 28:225-238. [PMID: 31022358 DOI: 10.1044/2018_aja-ttr17-18-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this work is to present a perspective article summarizing ideas pertaining to the brainstem's role in generating and modulating tinnitus. It is organized in 4 sections: Part 1, the role of the brainstem as a tinnitus generator; Part 2, the role of the brainstem in modulating tinnitus; Part 3, the role of the brainstem in nonauditory comorbid conditions associated with tinnitus; and Part 4, clinical implications. In Part 1, well-established neurophysiological models are discussed providing the framework of evidence that auditory brainstem nuclei play a role in generating tinnitus. In Part 2, ideas are presented explaining modulatory effects on tinnitus related to underlying pathways originating from or projecting to brainstem auditory and nonauditory nuclei. This section addresses multiple phenomena including somatic-related, attention-mediated, and emotion-mediated changes in the tinnitus percept. In Part 3, the role of the brainstem in common nonauditory comorbidities that occur in patients with tinnitus is discussed. Part 4 presents clinical implications of these new ideas related to the brainstem's involvement in generating and modulating tinnitus. Impact Knowledge of the brainstem's involvement in generating and modulating tinnitus provides a context for health care professionals to understand the temporal relationship between tinnitus and common nonauditory comorbid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Theodoroff
- VA RR&D, National Center for Rehabilitative Auditory Research, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - James A. Kaltenbach
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute/Head and Neck Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH
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Low-intensity repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over prefrontal cortex in an animal model alters activity in the auditory thalamus but does not affect behavioural measures of tinnitus. Exp Brain Res 2019; 237:883-896. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-018-05468-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Luyten T, Van de Heyning P, Jacquemin L, Van Looveren N, Declau F, Fransen E, Gilles A. The value of Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing in the treatment of tinnitus: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2019; 20:32. [PMID: 30626414 PMCID: PMC6327461 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-018-3121-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients suffering from chronic, subjective tinnitus are on a quest to find a cure or any form of alleviation for their persistent complaint. Current recommended therapy forms provide psychotherapeutic interventions that are intended to train the patient how to deal with the tinnitus sound. Pharmaceutical managements are used to reduce secondary effects of the tinnitus sound such as sleep deprivation, emotional and concentration difficulties, but these treatments do not cure the tinnitus. Recent studies have shown that Tinnitus Retraining Therapy (TRT) significantly improves the quality of life for tinnitus patients. Furthermore, several studies have reported that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) relieves a substantial amount of distress by changing dysfunctional cognitions. However, when the tinnitus causes great interference with daily functioning, these treatment methods are not always sufficiently effective. Recent insights show that Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) is a highly effective therapy for medically unexplained symptoms such as chronic pain and phantom pain. In scientific research, tinnitus is compared to phantom limb pain. Starting from tinnitus as a phantom percept we therefore aim to demonstrate that the operating mechanisms of EMDR may also be an effective treatment method for patients with subjective tinnitus. The aim of this randomized controlled study with blind evaluator is to examine the effect of EMDR compared to CBT in chronic tinnitus patients. To our knowledge, there are no other studies that evaluate both methods simultaneously. Methods/design A total of 166 patients with subjective, chronic, non-pulsatile tinnitus will be randomized in two treatment groups: TRT + CBT versus TRT + EMDR. The experimental group will receive the bimodal therapy TRT/EMDR and the active control group will receive the bimodal therapy TRT/CBT. Evaluations will take place at baseline before therapy, at the end of the treatment and 3 months after therapy. The score on the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI) will be used as the primary outcome measurement. Secondary outcome measurements are the Visual Analogue Scale of Loudness (VAS), Tinnitus Questionnaire (TQ), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Hyperacusis Questionnaire (HQ), psychoacoustic measurements and event-related potentials (ERP). Discussion The objective is to evaluate whether the bimodal therapy TRT and EMDR can provide faster and/or more relief from the annoyance experienced in chronic tinnitus patients’ daily lives compared to the bimodal therapy TRT and CBT. So far there has been no prospective, randomized controlled, clinical trial with blind evaluator that compares CBT and EMDR as a treatment for tinnitus. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT03114878. April 14, 2017. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13063-018-3121-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tine Luyten
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus Drie Eiken, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium. .,University Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Belgium. .,Hoorzorg Van Looveren BVBA, Herentalsebaan 275, 2150, Borsbeek, Belgium.
| | - Paul Van de Heyning
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus Drie Eiken, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,University Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Laure Jacquemin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus Drie Eiken, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,University Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
| | | | - Frank Declau
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus Drie Eiken, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Erik Fransen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus Drie Eiken, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,University Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Annick Gilles
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus Drie Eiken, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,University Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Belgium.,Department of Education, Health and Social Work, University College Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
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The ion channels and synapses responsible for the physiological diversity of mammalian lower brainstem auditory neurons. Hear Res 2018; 376:33-46. [PMID: 30606624 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The auditory part of the brainstem is composed of several nuclei specialized in the computation of the different spectral and temporal features of the sound before it reaches the higher auditory regions. There are a high diversity of neuronal types in these nuclei, many with remarkable electrophysiological and synaptic properties unique to these structures. This diversity reflects specializations necessary to process the different auditory signals in order to extract precisely the acoustic information necessary for the auditory perception by the animal. Low threshold Kv1 channels and HCN channels are expressed in neurons that use timing clues for auditory processing, like bushy and octopus cells, in order to restrict action potential firing and reduce input resistance and membrane time constant. Kv3 channels allow principal neurons of the MNTB and pyramidal DCN neurons to fire fast trains of action potentials. Calcium channels on cartwheel DCN neurons produce complex spikes characteristic of these neurons. Calyceal synapses compensate the low input resistance of bushy and principal neurons of the MNTB by releasing hundreds of glutamate vesicles resulting in large EPSCs acting in fast ionotropic glutamate receptors, in order to reduce temporal summation of synaptic potentials, allowing more precise correspondence of pre- and post-synaptic potentials, and phase-locking. Pre-synaptic calyceal sodium channels have fast recovery from inactivation allowing extremely fast trains of action potential firing, and persistent sodium channels produce spontaneous activity of fusiform neurons at rest, which expands the dynamic range of these neurons. The unique combinations of different ion channels, ionotropic receptors and synaptic structures create a unique functional diversity of neurons extremely adapted to their complex functions in the auditory processing.
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Manohar S, Ramchander PV, Salvi R, Seigel GM. Synaptic Reorganization Response in the Cochlear Nucleus Following Intense Noise Exposure. Neuroscience 2018; 399:184-198. [PMID: 30593923 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cochlear nucleus, located in the brainstem, receives its afferent auditory input exclusively from the auditory nerve fibers of the ipsilateral cochlea. Noise-induced neurodegenerative changes occurring in the auditory nerve stimulate a cascade of neuroplastic changes in the cochlear nucleus resulting in major changes in synaptic structure and function. To identify some of the key molecular mechanisms mediating this synaptic reorganization, we unilaterally exposed rats to a high-intensity noise that caused significant hearing loss and then measured the resulting changes in a synaptic plasticity gene array targeting neurogenesis and synaptic reorganization. We compared the gene expression patterns in the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) and ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) on the noise-exposed side versus the unexposed side using a PCR gene array at 2 d (early) and 28 d (late) post-exposure. We discovered a number of differentially expressed genes, particularly those related to synaptogenesis and regeneration. Significant gene expression changes occurred more frequently in the VCN than the DCN and more changes were seen at 28 d versus 2 d post-exposure. We confirmed the PCR findings by in situ hybridization for Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf), Homer-1, as well as the glutamate NMDA receptor Grin1, all involved in neurogenesis and plasticity. These results suggest that Bdnf, Homer-1 and Grin1 play important roles in synaptic remodeling and homeostasis in the cochlear nucleus following severe noise-induced afferent degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Manohar
- University at Buffalo, Center for Hearing and Deafness, 3435 Main Street, Cary 137, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
| | - P V Ramchander
- University at Buffalo, Center for Hearing and Deafness, 3435 Main Street, Cary 137, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
| | - R Salvi
- University at Buffalo, Center for Hearing and Deafness, 3435 Main Street, Cary 137, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States.
| | - G M Seigel
- University at Buffalo, Center for Hearing and Deafness, 3435 Main Street, Cary 137, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
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43
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Krauss P, Tziridis K, Schilling A, Schulze H. Cross-Modal Stochastic Resonance as a Universal Principle to Enhance Sensory Processing. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:578. [PMID: 30186104 PMCID: PMC6110899 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Krauss
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Experimental Otolaryngology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Konstantin Tziridis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Experimental Otolaryngology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Achim Schilling
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Experimental Otolaryngology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Holger Schulze
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Experimental Otolaryngology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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44
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Golestanirad L, Gale JT, Manzoor NF, Park HJ, Glait L, Haer F, Kaltenbach JA, Bonmassar G. Solenoidal Micromagnetic Stimulation Enables Activation of Axons With Specific Orientation. Front Physiol 2018; 9:724. [PMID: 30140230 PMCID: PMC6094965 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrical stimulation of the central and peripheral nervous systems - such as deep brain stimulation, spinal cord stimulation, and epidural cortical stimulation are common therapeutic options increasingly used to treat a large variety of neurological and psychiatric conditions. Despite their remarkable success, there are limitations which if overcome, could enhance outcomes and potentially reduce common side-effects. Micromagnetic stimulation (μMS) was introduced to address some of these limitations. One of the most remarkable properties is that μMS is theoretically capable of activating neurons with specific axonal orientations. Here, we used computational electromagnetic models of the μMS coils adjacent to neuronal tissue combined with axon cable models to investigate μMS orientation-specific properties. We found a 20-fold reduction in the stimulation threshold of the preferred axonal orientation compared to the orthogonal direction. We also studied the directional specificity of μMS coils by recording the responses evoked in the inferior colliculus of rodents when a pulsed magnetic stimulus was applied to the surface of the dorsal cochlear nucleus. The results confirmed that the neuronal responses were highly sensitive to changes in the μMS coil orientation. Accordingly, our results suggest that μMS has the potential of stimulating target nuclei in the brain without affecting the surrounding white matter tracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Golestanirad
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - John T Gale
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Nauman F Manzoor
- Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Ear, Nose and Throat Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Hyun-Joo Park
- Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Lyall Glait
- Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Ear, Nose and Throat Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | | | - James A Kaltenbach
- Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Giorgio Bonmassar
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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45
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Peter N, Kleinjung T. Neuromodulation for tinnitus treatment: an overview of invasive and non-invasive techniques. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2018; 20:116-130. [PMID: 29770647 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1700117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Tinnitus is defined as a perception of sound without any external sound source. Chronic tinnitus is a frequent condition that can affect the quality of life. So far, no causal cure for tinnitus has been documented, and most pharmacologic and psychosomatic treatment modalities aim to diminish tinnitus' impact on the quality of life. Neuromodulation, a novel therapeutic modality, which aims at alternating nerve activity through a targeted delivery of a stimulus, has emerged as a potential option in tinnitus treatment. This review provides a brief overview of the current neuromodulation techniques as tinnitus treatment options. The main intention is to provide updated knowledge especially for medical professionals counselling tinnitus patients in this emerging field of medicine. Non-invasive methods such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial electrical stimulation, neurofeedback, and transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation were included, as well as invasive methods such as implanted vagus nerve stimulation and invasive brain stimulation. Some of these neuromodulation techniques revealed promising results; nevertheless, further research is needed, especially regarding the pathophysiological principle as to how these neuromodulation techniques work and what neuronal change they induce. Various studies suggest that individually different brain states and networks are involved in the generation and perception of tinnitus. Therefore, in the future, individually tailored neuromodulation strategies could be a promising approach in tinnitus treatment for achieving a more substantial and longer lasting improvement of complaints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Peter
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Kleinjung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich 8091, Switzerland
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46
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Criddle MW, Godfrey DA, Kaltenbach JA. Attenuation of noise-induced hyperactivity in the dorsal cochlear nucleus by pre-treatment with MK-801. Brain Res 2018; 1682:71-77. [PMID: 29329983 PMCID: PMC5804344 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
It has previously been hypothesized that hyperactivity of central auditory neurons following exposure to intense noise is a consequence of synaptic alterations. Recent studies suggest the involvement of NMDA receptors in the induction of this hyperactive state. NMDA receptors can mediate long term changes in the excitability of neurons through their involvement in excitotoxic injury and long term potentiation and depression. In this study, we examined the effect of administering an NMDA receptor blocker on the induction of hyperactivity in the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) following intense sound exposure. Our prediction was that if hyperactivity induced by intense sound exposure is dependent on NMDA receptors, then blocking these receptors by administering an NMDA receptor antagonist just before animals are exposed to intense sound should reduce the degree of hyperactivity that subsequently emerges. We compared the levels of hyperactivity that develop in the DCN after intense sound exposure to activity recorded in control animals that were not sound exposed. One group of animals to be sound exposed received intraperitoneal injection of MK-801 twenty minutes preceding the sound exposure, while the other group received injection of saline. Recordings performed in the DCN 26-28 days post-exposure revealed increased response thresholds and widespread increases in spontaneous activity in the saline-treated animals that had been sound exposed, consistent with earlier studies. The animals treated with MK-801 preceding sound exposure showed similarly elevated thresholds but an attenuation of hyperactivity in the DCN; the attenuation was most robust in the high frequency half of the DCN, but lower levels of hyperactivity were also found in the low frequency half. These findings suggest that NMDA receptors are an important component of the hyperactivity-inducing mechanism following intense sound exposure. They further suggest that blockade of NMDA receptors may offer a useful therapeutic approach to preventing induction of noise-induced hyperactivity-related hearing disorders, such as tinnitus and hyperacusis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Criddle
- Department of Otolaryngology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - D A Godfrey
- Department of Neurology and Division of Otolaryngology and Dentistry, Department of Surgery, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43610, USA
| | - J A Kaltenbach
- Department of Neurosciences, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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47
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Liberman MC, Kujawa SG. Cochlear synaptopathy in acquired sensorineural hearing loss: Manifestations and mechanisms. Hear Res 2017; 349:138-147. [PMID: 28087419 PMCID: PMC5438769 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 440] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Common causes of hearing loss in humans - exposure to loud noise or ototoxic drugs and aging - often damage sensory hair cells, reflected as elevated thresholds on the clinical audiogram. Recent studies in animal models suggest, however, that well before this overt hearing loss can be seen, a more insidious, but likely more common, process is taking place that permanently interrupts synaptic communication between sensory inner hair cells and subsets of cochlear nerve fibers. The silencing of affected neurons alters auditory information processing, whether accompanied by threshold elevations or not, and is a likely contributor to a variety of perceptual abnormalities, including speech-in-noise difficulties, tinnitus and hyperacusis. Work described here will review structural and functional manifestations of this cochlear synaptopathy and will consider possible mechanisms underlying its appearance and progression in ears with and without traditional 'hearing loss' arising from several common causes in humans.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Auditory Perception
- Auditory Threshold
- Cochlear Nerve/metabolism
- Cochlear Nerve/pathology
- Cochlear Nerve/physiopathology
- Glutamic Acid/metabolism
- Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner/metabolism
- Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner/pathology
- Hearing
- Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/metabolism
- Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/pathology
- Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/physiopathology
- Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/psychology
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/metabolism
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/pathology
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/physiopathology
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/psychology
- Humans
- Nerve Degeneration
- Noise/adverse effects
- Risk Factors
- Synapses/metabolism
- Synapses/pathology
- Synaptic Transmission
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Affiliation(s)
- M Charles Liberman
- Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA; Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, Boston MA, USA
| | - Sharon G Kujawa
- Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA; Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, Boston MA, USA.
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48
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Galazyuk AV, Voytenko SV, Longenecker RJ. Long-Lasting forward Suppression of Spontaneous Firing in Auditory Neurons: Implication to the Residual Inhibition of Tinnitus. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2017; 18:343-353. [PMID: 27832500 PMCID: PMC5352609 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-016-0601-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tinnitus is the perception of a sound that has no external source. Sound stimuli can suppress spontaneous firing in auditory neurons long after stimulus offset. It is unknown how changes in sound stimulus parameters affect this forward suppression. Using in vivo extracellular recording in awake mice, we found that about 40 % of spontaneously active inferior colliculus (IC) neurons exhibited forward suppression of spontaneous activity after sound offset. The duration of this suppression increased with sound duration and lasted about 40 s following a 30-s stimulus offset. Pure tones presented at the neuron's characteristic frequency (CF) were more effective in triggering suppression compared to non-CF or wideband noise stimuli. In contrast, non-CF stimuli often induced forward facilitation. About one third of IC neurons exhibited shorter suppression durations with each subsequent sound presentation. These characteristics of forward suppression are similar to the psychoacoustic properties of residual inhibition of tinnitus: a phenomenon of brief (about 30 s) suppression of tinnitus observed in tinnitus patients after sound presentations. Because elevated spontaneous firing in central auditory neurons has been linked to tinnitus, forward suppression of this firing with sound might be an underlying mechanism of residual inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Galazyuk
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA.
| | - S V Voytenko
- Department of Neuronal Networks Physiology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - R J Longenecker
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
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49
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Zugaib J, Leão RM. Inhibitors of oxidative and hydrolytic endocannabinoid degradation do not enhance depolarization-induced suppression of excitation on dorsal cochlear nucleus glycinergic neurons. Synapse 2017; 71. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.21954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- João Zugaib
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo Brazil
- Research Group on the Dynamics of the Neuromusculoskeletal System, Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health; Salvador Bahia Brazil
| | - Ricardo M. Leão
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo Brazil
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50
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Krauss P, Tziridis K, Metzner C, Schilling A, Hoppe U, Schulze H. Stochastic Resonance Controlled Upregulation of Internal Noise after Hearing Loss as a Putative Cause of Tinnitus-Related Neuronal Hyperactivity. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:597. [PMID: 28082861 PMCID: PMC5187388 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Subjective tinnitus is generally assumed to be a consequence of hearing loss. In animal studies it has been demonstrated that acoustic trauma induced cochlear damage can lead to behavioral signs of tinnitus. In addition it was shown that noise trauma may lead to deafferentation of cochlear inner hair cells (IHC) even in the absence of elevated hearing thresholds, and it seems conceivable that such hidden hearing loss may be sufficient to cause tinnitus. Numerous studies have indicated that tinnitus is correlated with pathologically increased spontaneous firing rates and hyperactivity of neurons along the auditory pathway. It has been proposed that this hyperactivity is the consequence of a mechanism aiming to compensate for reduced input to the auditory system by increasing central neuronal gain, a mechanism referred to as homeostatic plasticity (HP), thereby maintaining mean firing rates over longer timescales for stabilization of neuronal processing. Here we propose an alternative, new interpretation of tinnitus-related development of neuronal hyperactivity in terms of information theory. In particular, we suggest that stochastic resonance (SR) plays a key role in both short- and long-term plasticity within the auditory system and that SR is the primary cause of neuronal hyperactivity and tinnitus. We argue that following hearing loss, SR serves to lift signals above the increased neuronal thresholds, thereby partly compensating for the hearing loss. In our model, the increased amount of internal noise-which is crucial for SR to work-corresponds to neuronal hyperactivity which subsequently causes neuronal plasticity along the auditory pathway and finally may lead to the development of a phantom percept, i.e., subjective tinnitus. We demonstrate the plausibility of our hypothesis using a computational model and provide exemplary findings in human patients that are consistent with that model. Finally we discuss the observed asymmetry in human tinnitus pitch distribution as a consequence of asymmetry of the distribution of auditory nerve type I fibers along the cochlea in the context of our model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Krauss
- Experimental Otolaryngology, ENT-Hospital, Head and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NürnbergErlangen, Germany
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Center for Medical Physics and Technology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NürnbergErlangen, Germany
| | - Konstantin Tziridis
- Experimental Otolaryngology, ENT-Hospital, Head and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NürnbergErlangen, Germany
| | - Claus Metzner
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Center for Medical Physics and Technology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NürnbergErlangen, Germany
| | - Achim Schilling
- Experimental Otolaryngology, ENT-Hospital, Head and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NürnbergErlangen, Germany
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Center for Medical Physics and Technology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NürnbergErlangen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Hoppe
- Department of Audiology, ENT-Hospital, Head and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NürnbergErlangen, Germany
| | - Holger Schulze
- Experimental Otolaryngology, ENT-Hospital, Head and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NürnbergErlangen, Germany
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