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Shivani, Kumari S, Singh PP, Singh Bora P, Sharma U. Two new alkaloids from the roots of Cocculus hirsutus (L.) W. Theob. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38462768 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2326979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Two undescribed alkaloids, 15-carboxydihydroerysotrine (1) and (14 R)-4-methoxy-13,14-dihydrooxypalmatine (2), along with six known compounds, 1,6-didehydro-3,15,16-trimethoxy-9-methylerythrinanium (3), 8-oxytetrahydropalmatine (4), 20-hydroxyecdysone (5), makisterone A (6) turkesterone (7) and magnoflorine (8) were isolated from the root part of Cocculus hirsutus (L.) W. Theob. Their structures were established based on detailed analysis of NMR, UV-Vis, HRESIMS, and single-crystal XRD spectroscopic experiments. Compounds 3, 4 and 7 were reported for the first time from the genus Cocculus. All the compounds were analysed in silico to investigate their human acetylcholinesterase inhibition potential. This analysis revealed that compounds 1 and 8 interacted well with the selected protein, which suggested their further exploration as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors via in vitro and in vivo investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Surekha Kumari
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Prithvi Pal Singh
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Prateek Singh Bora
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Upendra Sharma
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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2
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Chamorro-Cevallos G, Mojica-Villegas MA, García-Martínez Y, Pérez-Gutiérrez S, Madrigal-Santillán E, Vargas-Mendoza N, Morales-González JA, Cristóbal-Luna JM. A Complete Review of Mexican Plants with Teratogenic Effects. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1675. [PMID: 35807626 PMCID: PMC9268836 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In Mexico, the use of medicinal plants is the first alternative to treat the diseases of the most economically vulnerable population. Therefore, this review offers a list of Mexican plants (native and introduced) with teratogenic effects and describes their main alterations, teratogenic compounds, and the models and doses used. Our results identified 63 species with teratogenic effects (19 native) and the main alterations that were found in the nervous system and axial skeleton, induced by compounds such as alkaloids, terpenes, and flavonoids. Additionally, a group of hallucinogenic plants rich in alkaloids employed by indigenous groups without teratogenic studies were identified. Our conclusion shows that several of the identified species are employed in Mexican traditional medicine and that the teratogenic species most distributed in Mexico are Astragalus mollissimus, Astragalus lentiginosus, and Lupinus formosus. Considering the total number of plants in Mexico (≈29,000 total vascular plants), to date, existing research in the area shows that Mexican plants with teratogenic effects represent ≈0.22% of the total species of these in the country. This indicates a clear need to intensify the evaluation of the teratogenic effect of Mexican plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán Chamorro-Cevallos
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Preclínica, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu 399, Col. Nueva Industrial Vallejo, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico; (G.C.-C.); (M.A.M.-V.)
| | - María Angélica Mojica-Villegas
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Preclínica, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu 399, Col. Nueva Industrial Vallejo, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico; (G.C.-C.); (M.A.M.-V.)
| | - Yuliana García-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Departamento de Fisiología “Mauricio Russek”, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Av. Wilfrido Massieu 399, Col. Nueva Industrial Vallejo, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico;
| | - Salud Pérez-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Del. Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04960, Mexico;
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Santillán
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (E.M.-S.); (N.V.-M.); (J.A.M.-G.)
| | - Nancy Vargas-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (E.M.-S.); (N.V.-M.); (J.A.M.-G.)
| | - José A. Morales-González
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (E.M.-S.); (N.V.-M.); (J.A.M.-G.)
| | - José Melesio Cristóbal-Luna
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Preclínica, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu 399, Col. Nueva Industrial Vallejo, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico; (G.C.-C.); (M.A.M.-V.)
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Astakhov GS, Shigaev RR, Borisova TN, Ershova AA, Titov AA, Varlamov AV, Voskressensky LG, Matveeva MD. Facile synthesis of pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines by domino reaction of 1-aroyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolines with conjugated ketones, nitroalkenes and nitriles. Mol Divers 2021; 25:2441-2446. [PMID: 33040250 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-020-10146-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A convenient protocol for the synthesis of 5,6-dihydropyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines with various electron-withdrawing substituents at C-2 atom is described. This approach is based on the two-component domino reaction of 1-aroyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolines with α,β-unsaturated ketones, nitroalkenes and acrylonitrile. Depending on the selected substrates, the reaction was performed in TFE under reflux or under microwave irradiation. Only for the two examples, a transition metal catalyst was used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigorii S Astakhov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Peoples' Friendship, University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya st 6, Moscow, Russia, 117198
- Laboratory of Metal Hydrides (MHLab), A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds (INEOS), Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov St. 28, GSP-1, B-334, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Rinat R Shigaev
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Peoples' Friendship, University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya st 6, Moscow, Russia, 117198
| | - Tatiana N Borisova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Peoples' Friendship, University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya st 6, Moscow, Russia, 117198
| | - Anastasia A Ershova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Peoples' Friendship, University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya st 6, Moscow, Russia, 117198
| | - Alexander A Titov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Peoples' Friendship, University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya st 6, Moscow, Russia, 117198
| | - Alexey V Varlamov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Peoples' Friendship, University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya st 6, Moscow, Russia, 117198
| | - Leonid G Voskressensky
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Peoples' Friendship, University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya st 6, Moscow, Russia, 117198
| | - Maria D Matveeva
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Peoples' Friendship, University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya st 6, Moscow, Russia, 117198.
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4
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Florian SU, Sepulveda B, Torres-Benítez A, Simirgiotis MJ, Fuentes-Estrada M, Areche C, García-Beltrán O. Erythrinoid and indol alkaloids isolated from the seeds of Erythrina rubrinervia Kunth: Chemotaxonomic significance. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2021.104295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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5
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Clementson S, Matheu SA, Rørsted EM, Pedersen H, Jensen AA, Clausen RP, Vital P, Glibstrup E, Jessing M, Kristensen JL. Erythrina Alkaloid Analogues as nAChR Antagonists-A Flexible Platform for Leads in Drug Discovery. J Org Chem 2021; 86:8248-8262. [PMID: 34061521 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Erythrina alkaloids and their central nervous system effects have been studied for over a century, mainly due to their potent antagonistic actions at β2-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). In the present work, we report a synthetic approach giving access to a diverse set of Erythrina natural product analogues and present the enantioselective total synthesis of (+)-Cocculine and (+)-Cocculidine, both found to be potent antagonists of the β2-containing nAChRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Clementson
- Molecular Discovery and Innovation, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, Valby 2500, Denmark.,Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Sergio Armentia Matheu
- Molecular Discovery and Innovation, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, Valby 2500, Denmark.,Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Emil Märcher Rørsted
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Henrik Pedersen
- Molecular Discovery and Innovation, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, Valby 2500, Denmark
| | - Anders A Jensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Rasmus P Clausen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Paulo Vital
- Molecular Discovery and Innovation, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, Valby 2500, Denmark
| | - Emil Glibstrup
- Molecular Discovery and Innovation, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, Valby 2500, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Jessing
- Molecular Discovery and Innovation, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, Valby 2500, Denmark
| | - Jesper L Kristensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
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6
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García-Beltrán O, Areche C, Galdámez A, Moris S. The crystal structure of 1-carboxy-2-(1 H-indol-3-yl)- N, N, N-trimethylethan-1-ammonium chloride, C 14H 19N 2O 2Cl. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2020-0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C14H19N2O2Cl, tetragonal, P41 (no. 76), a = 6.8614(8) Å, c = 29.820(5) Å, V = 1403.9(4) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0311, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0549, T = 150(2) K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olimpo García-Beltrán
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas , Universidad de Ibagué , Carrera 22 calle 67, Ibagué 730002, Colombia
| | - Carlos Areche
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química , Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile
| | - Antonio Galdámez
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química , Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile
| | - Silvana Moris
- Universidad Catolíca del Maule, Vicerectoria de Investigacion y Postgrado , Talca , Chile
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7
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Pharmacokinetic disposition of erythraline in rats after intravenous administration. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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8
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Fahmy NM, Al-Sayed E, El-Shazly M, Nasser Singab A. Alkaloids of genus Erythrina: An updated review. Nat Prod Res 2019; 34:1891-1912. [PMID: 31226894 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1564300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Genus Erythrina (Fabaceae) comprises several species, which are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The plants of this genus exhibited significant role in traditional medicine targeting different diseases. Alkaloids and flavonoids were reported as the chief bioactive constituents of this genus with a wide range of biological activities. About 143 alkaloids were isolated from Erythrina sp. Anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, curare-like activity, insecticidal and cytotoxic activities were reported for Erythrina sp. alkaloids. The present work is an overview of the isolated alkaloids from Erythrina sp. with their reported biological activities.[Figure: see text]Abbreviations: CHCl3: Chloroform; CNS: Central nervous system; DCM: Methylene chloride; DPPH: 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; E.: Erythrina; ERα/β: Estrogen receptors α/β; EtOAc: Ethyl acetate; EtOH: Ethanol; Hep-G2: Human liver carcinoma cell lines; HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus; HL-60: Human promyelocytic leukemia cells; K-562: Human immortalized myelogenous leukemia cell line; LPS: Lipopolysaccharide; MeOH: Methanol; MOLT-4: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line; nAChRs: nicotinic acetylcholine receptors; NO: Nitric oxide; NREM: non-rapid eye movement; Pet. ether: Petroleum ether; RBA: Receptor binder affinity; TRAIL: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouran M Fahmy
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Al-Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biology Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdel Nasser Singab
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.,Center for Drug Discovery and Development Research, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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9
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Rambo DF, Biegelmeyer R, Toson NSB, Dresch RR, Moreno PRH, Henriques AT. The genus Erythrina L.: A review on its alkaloids, preclinical, and clinical studies. Phytother Res 2019; 33:1258-1276. [PMID: 30767297 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Erythrina L. genus (Fabaceae) comprises about 115 species, and it has been extensively studied, mainly because of its alkaloids, which have pharmacological properties. References demonstrated that Erythrina spp. have a potential to act in the central nervous system, presenting anxiolytic and anticonvulsant properties already established. Phytochemical investigations confirmed the presence of tetracyclic alkaloids as the major compounds. However, other alkaloid classes have also been reported, including dimeric and trimeric substances, coupled through direct polymerization or two erythrinine units via an acetyl glucose. The present review covers the relevant literature from 1990 until 2017 and outlines the current data on chemical composition and preclinical and clinical studies on Erythrina species. Additionally, the quite striking analogy in the biosynthetic route of erythrin, morphinans, and Amaryllidaceae family alkaloids was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas F Rambo
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Renata Biegelmeyer
- Departamento do Medicamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Natally S B Toson
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Roger R Dresch
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto H Moreno
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Amélia T Henriques
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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10
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Majinda RRT. An Update of Erythrinan Alkaloids and Their Pharmacological Activities. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 107:95-159. [PMID: 30178271 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-93506-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The period of the past 5 years has witnessed a remarkable increase in all of the number, structural variety, and complexity of erythrinan alkaloids reported. This structural diversity seems to be most pronounced in the alkaloids reported from the two species Erythrina arborescens and Erythrina variegata. Between them, work-up of these taxa yielded new polymeric (dimeric and trimeric) erythrinan alkaloids, a first example in one case where a normal 6,5,6,6-membered indoloisoquinoline spirocylic core has rearranged to a spiro-fused 6,5,7,6-skeleton. Furthermore, erythrinan alkaloids with a fifth ring containing a 2H-imidazole functionality were also reported for the first time, together with some new structures having an unusual substitution and with functionalities at positions C-3 and C-7 of the erythrinan core. This contribution has included 40 more erythrinan alkaloids that are either new or were omitted in the most recent major reviews on the same topic, leading to a total of 154 known erythrinan alkaloids to date. There are a few cases where the structures of the new alkaloids are contestable due to insufficient data having been obtained on isolation. To facilitate easier reference and identification, all structures having a common core have been placed in the same table or figure in this chapter.The reported pharmacological activities of the new and known erythrinan alkaloids documented have shown a considerable bias towards central nervous system and related activities. Other prominent activities that have been reported are antifeedant, insecticidal, cytotoxic, antiprotozoal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifungal, and antiviral effects. Erythrinan alkaloids generally seem to lack antibacterial activity. Several new polymeric alkaloids were found to lack cytotoxicity against a number of human cancer cell lines, although two of them showed moderate aphicidal activity and one exhibited weak to moderate acetylcholinesterase inhibition. The biological activity of erythrinan alkaloids seems to be influenced by basic substructural requirements, such as a conjugated diene (Δ1,2, Δ6,7) system and is modulated by the presence (or absence) of other groups in rings A, B, C, and D of the erythrinan core. The erythrinan core may provide potential leads to structures that eventually may be useful therapeutically.In recent years, a number of stereoselective chemical synthesis methods have been applied towards the erythinan alkaloids, and these are described in this contribution.
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Alonso-Castro AJ, Domínguez F, Ruiz-Padilla AJ, Campos-Xolalpa N, Zapata-Morales JR, Carranza-Alvarez C, Maldonado-Miranda JJ. Medicinal Plants from North and Central America and the Caribbean Considered Toxic for Humans: The Other Side of the Coin. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2017; 2017:9439868. [PMID: 29234446 PMCID: PMC5688365 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9439868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of medicinal plants has notably increased over the past two decades. People consider herbal products as safe because of their natural origin, without taking into consideration whether these plants contain a toxic principle. This represents a serious health problem. A bibliographic search was carried out using published scientific material on native plants from Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean, which describe the ethnobotanical and toxicological information of medicinal plants empirically considered to be toxic. A total of 216 medicinal plants belonging to 77 families have been reported as toxic. Of these plants, 76 had been studied, and 140 plants lacked studies regarding their toxicological effects. The toxicity of 16 plants species has been reported in clinical cases, particularly in children. From these plants, deaths have been reported with the consumption of Chenopodium ambrosioides, Argemone mexicana, and Thevetia peruviana. In most of the cases, the principle of the plant responsible for the toxicity is unknown. There is limited information about the toxicity of medicinal plants used in Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean. More toxicological studies are necessary to contribute information about the safe use of the medicinal plants cited in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Josabad Alonso-Castro
- Departamento de Farmacia, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, GTO, Mexico
| | - Fabiola Domínguez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Metepec, PUE, Mexico
| | - Alan Joel Ruiz-Padilla
- Departamento de Farmacia, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, GTO, Mexico
| | - Nimsi Campos-Xolalpa
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Ramón Zapata-Morales
- Departamento de Farmacia, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, GTO, Mexico
| | - Candy Carranza-Alvarez
- Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria de la Zona Huasteca, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Ciudad Valles, SLP, Mexico
| | - Juan Jose Maldonado-Miranda
- Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria de la Zona Huasteca, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Ciudad Valles, SLP, Mexico
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12
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Cao ZW, Zeng Q, Pei HJ, Ren LD, Bai HZ, Na RN. HSP90 expression and its association with wighteone metabolite response in HER2-positive breast cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:3719-3722. [PMID: 27313682 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) overexpression is correlated with poor prognosis and chemo-resistance in human malignant cancers. At the same time, wighteone, or 6-prenyl-5,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavone, a major isoflavone component of the ornamental tall tree Erythrina suberosa, has been demonstrated to exhibit a potent anti-proliferative effect on human leukemia HL-60 cancer cell lines. In this study, the effects of wighteone on the proliferation of HER2-positive breast cancer cells were investigated, and the action mechanism was explored. MCF-7 HER2-positive breast cancer cells were treated with various concentrations of wighteone. The growth inhibitory rate of the cells was calculated by MTT assay, apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, and the expression level of HSP90 was assessed by western blot analysis. The addition of wighteone at concentrations ranging from 1-10 g/ml in the medium for 48 h had a marked inhibition on the proliferation of HER2-positive cancer cell lines. The growth inhibitory rates with 0.5, 2 or 8 mM wighteone were significantly higher compared with the control group. Apoptosis in the wighteone-treated cells was also significantly higher compared with the control group. The expression level of HSP90 in the wighteone group was significantly lower than that in the control group. Our findings demonstrated that wighteone effectively inhibited the proliferation of HER2-positive cancer cell lines, and this is considered to be the result of downregulating HSP90 receptor and downstream signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Wei Cao
- Department of Thyroid, Breast, Hernia and Vascular Surgery, The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 010017, P.R. China
| | - Qian Zeng
- Department of Neurology, The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 010017, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Jiang Pei
- Department of Thyroid, Breast, Hernia and Vascular Surgery, The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 010017, P.R. China
| | - Li-Dong Ren
- Department of Thyroid, Breast, Hernia and Vascular Surgery, The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 010017, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Zhen Bai
- Department of Thyroid, Breast, Hernia and Vascular Surgery, The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 010017, P.R. China
| | - Ri-Na Na
- Department of Thyroid, Breast, Hernia and Vascular Surgery, The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 010017, P.R. China
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Monaco A, Aliev AE, Hilton ST. Intramolecular Acylal Cyclisation (IAC) as an Efficient Synthetic Strategy towards the Total Synthesis of Erythrina Alkaloid Derivatives. Chemistry 2015; 21:13909-12. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Monaco
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29–39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX (UK)
| | - Abil E. Aliev
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ (UK)
| | - Stephen T. Hilton
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29–39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX (UK)
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Kumar S, Pathania AS, Saxena AK, Vishwakarma RA, Ali A, Bhushan S. The anticancer potential of flavonoids isolated from the stem bark of Erythrina suberosa through induction of apoptosis and inhibition of STAT signaling pathway in human leukemia HL-60 cells. Chem Biol Interact 2013; 205:128-37. [PMID: 23850732 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Erythrina suberosa is an ornamental tall tree found in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, Thailand and Vietnam. We have isolated four known distinct metabolites designated as α-Hydroxyerysotrine, 4'-Methoxy licoflavanone (MLF), Alpinumisoflavone (AIF) and Wighteone. Among the four isolated metabolites the two flavonoids, MLF and AIF were found to be the most potent cytotoxic agent with IC50 of ∼20μM in human leukemia HL-60 cells. We are reporting first time the anticancer and apoptotic potential of MLF and AIF in HL-60 cells. Both MLF and AIF inhibited HL-60 cell proliferation and induce apoptosis as measured by several biological endpoints. MLF and AIF induce apoptosis bodies formation, enhanced annexinV-FITC binding of the cells, increased sub-G0 cell fraction, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), release of cytochrome c, Bax, activation of caspase-9, caspase-3 and PARP (poly ADP Ribose polymers) cleavage in HL-60 cells. MLF and AIF also increase the expression of apical death receptor, Fas, with inhibition of anti-apoptotic protein Bid. All the above parameters revealed that these two flavonoids induce apoptosis through both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways in HL-60 cells. In spite of apoptosis, these two flavonoids significantly inhibit nuclear transcription factor NF-κB and STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) signaling pathway, which are highly expressed in leukemia. The present study provide an insight of molecular mechanism of cell death induced by MLF and AIF in HL-60 cells which may be useful in managing and treating leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Division of Natural Product Chemistry, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, CSIR, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
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15
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Erysothrine, an alkaloid extracted from flowers of Erythrina mulungu Mart. ex Benth: evaluating its anticonvulsant and anxiolytic potential. Epilepsy Behav 2012; 23:205-12. [PMID: 22381390 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we isolated the alkaloid erysothrine from the hydroalcoholic extract of flowers from E. mulungu and screened for its anticonvulsant and anxiolytic actions based on neuroethological and neurochemical experiments. Our results showed that the administration of erysothrine inhibited seizures evoked by bicuculline, PTZ, NMDA and most remarkably, kainic acid. Also, erysothrine induced an increase in the number of entries but not in the time spent in the open arms of the EPM. However, we did not notice any alterations in the light-dark choice or in the open-field tests. In preliminary neurochemistry tests, we also showed that erysothrine (0.001-10 μg/mL) did not alter the GABA or glutamate synaptossomal uptake and binding. Altogether, our results describe an alkaloid with anticonvulsant activity and mild anxiolytic activity that might be considered well tolerated as it does not alter the general behavior of the animals in the used doses.
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Faggion SA, Cunha AOS, Fachim HA, Gavin AS, dos Santos WF, Pereira AMS, Beleboni RO. Anticonvulsant profile of the alkaloids (+)-erythravine and (+)-11-α-hydroxy-erythravine isolated from the flowers of Erythrina mulungu Mart ex Benth (Leguminosae-Papilionaceae). Epilepsy Behav 2011; 20:441-6. [PMID: 21277832 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2010.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Revised: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Neural mechanisms underlying the onset and maintenance of epileptic seizures involve alterations in inhibitory and/or excitatory neurotransmitter pathways. Thus, the prospecting of novel molecules from natural products that target both inhibition and excitation systems has deserved interest in the rational design of new anticonvulsants. We isolated the alkaloids (+)-erythravine and (+)-11-α-hydroxy-erythravine from the flowers of Erythrina mulungu and evaluated the action of these compounds against chemically induced seizures in rats. Our results showed that the administration of different doses of (+)-erythravine inhibited seizures evoked by bicuculline, pentylenetetrazole, and kainic acid at maximum of 80, 100, and 100%, respectively, whereas different doses of (+)-11-α-hydroxy-erythravine inhibited seizures at a maximum of 100% when induced by bicuculline, NMDA, and kainic acid, and, to a lesser extent, PTZ (60%). The analysis of mean latency to seizure onset of nonprotected animals, for specific doses of alkaloids, showed that (+)-erythravine increased latencies to seizures induced by bicuculline. Although (+)-erythravine exhibited very weak anticonvulsant action against seizures induced by NMDA, this alkaloid increased the latency in this assay. The increase in latency to onset of seizures promoted by (+)-11-α-hydroxy-erythravine reached a maximum of threefold in the bicuculline test. All animals were protected against death when treated with different doses of (+)-11-α-hydroxy-erythravine in the tests using the four chemical convulsants. Identical results were obtained when using (+)-erythravine in the tests of bicuculline, NMDA, and PTZ, and, to a lesser extent, kainic acid. Therefore, these data validate the anticonvulsant properties of the tested alkaloids, which is of relevance in consideration of the ethnopharmacological/biotechnological potential of E. mulungu.
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Cui L, Thuong PT, Fomum ZT, Oh WK. A new erythrinan alkaloid from the seed of Erythrina addisoniae. Arch Pharm Res 2009; 32:325-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-009-1302-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2007] [Revised: 03/04/2009] [Accepted: 03/05/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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Fischer LGO, Leitão R, Etcheverry SR, de Campos-Buzzi F, Vãzquez AA, Heinzen HA, Cechinel Filho V. Analgesic properties of extracts and fractions from Erythrina crista-galli (Fabaceae) leaves. Nat Prod Res 2007; 21:759-66. [PMID: 17616906 DOI: 10.1080/14786410601130554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study describes the analgesic activity of extracts and some fractions obtained from Erythrina crista-galli leaves in different in vivo analgesic models, using mice as experimental animals. The results showed that extract E(2) was the most active, inhibiting 48% of the abdominal constrictions when evaluated against the writhing test at 10 mg kg(-1), intraperitoneal. It also caused dose-dependent inhibition in the same model, with a calculated ID(50) value and respective confidence interval of 10 (9-14) mg kg(-1), and was more potent than reference drugs. Administered orally, E(2) caused potent antinociceptive action, with a calculated ID(50) value of 35 (26-47) mg kg(-1). The fractions F(1) and F(2) obtained from E(2) were evaluated against the writhing test at 10 mg kg(-1), causing inhibitions of 41 and 88%, respectively. The most active fraction, F(2), presented ID(50) calculated value of 3 (2-4) mg kg(-1), being about 7-fold more active than the reference drugs (acetyl salicylic acid and acetaminophen). In the formalin test, F(2) inhibited both phases of pain (44%, first phase; 58%, second phase). However, in contrast to the results observed for E(2), it was not active against the hot-plate test. The phytochemical results showed that at least four main components are present in F(2), which show a positive reaction of terpenes with TLC spray reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz G O Fischer
- Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR)/CCS, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, SC, Brazil.
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19
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Wätjen W, Kulawik A, Suckow-Schnitker AK, Chovolou Y, Rohrig R, Ruhl S, Kampkötter A, Addae-Kyereme J, Wright CW, Passreiter CM. Pterocarpans phaseollin and neorautenol isolated from Erythrina addisoniae induce apoptotic cell death accompanied by inhibition of ERK phosphorylation. Toxicology 2007; 242:71-9. [PMID: 17964704 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2007.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2007] [Revised: 09/07/2007] [Accepted: 09/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The genus Erythrina (Leguminosae), consisting of over 100 different species, is distributed in tropical regions. In traditional medicine, Erythrina species are used to treat cancer, but little is known about the anticancer mechanisms. From the stem bark of Erythrina addisoniae Hutch. & Dalziel, six prenylated pterocarpans were isolated and analysed for pharmacological activity: While calopocarpin, cristacarpin, orientanol c, and isoneorautenol showed only a weak or moderate toxicity in H4IIE hepatoma cells (EC(50)-value> 25 microM), the toxicity of neorautenol and phaseollin was in the low micromolar range (EC(50)-value: 1 and 1.5 microM, respectively). We further focused on these two substances showing that both increased caspase 3/7 activity and nuclear fragmentation as markers for apoptotic cell death. Neorautenol (10 microM, 2h), but not phaseollin induced the formation of DNA strand breaks (comet assay). Both substances showed no effect on NF-kappaB signalling (SEAP assay: basal activity and stimulation with TNF-alpha), on the other hand both pterocarpans (10 microM, 2 h) decreased the activation of the ERK kinase (p44/p42), an mitogen activated protein kinase which is associated with cell proliferation. We conclude that the pterocarpans phaseollin and neorautenol may be responsible for the anticarcinogenic actions of the plant extract reported in the literature. Further analysis of these substances may lead to new pharmacons to be used in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Wätjen
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Institute of Toxicology, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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20
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Vasconcelos SMM, Lima NM, Sales GTM, Cunha GMA, Aguiar LMV, Silveira ER, Rodrigues ACP, Macedo DS, Fonteles MMF, Sousa FCF, Viana GSB. Anticonvulsant activity of hydroalcoholic extracts from Erythrina velutina and Erythrina mulungu. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 110:271-4. [PMID: 17070003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2006] [Revised: 08/30/2006] [Accepted: 09/21/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The anticonvulsant effects of hydroalcoholic extracts (HAEs) from the stem bark of Erythrina velutina and Erythrina mulungu on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and strychnine-induced seizure tests and the potentiation of pentobarbital-induced sleeping time in mice with the extracts were examined in this study. These medicinal plants belong to the Fabaceae family and are popularly used in Brazil for their effects on the central nervous system. The extracts of Erythrina velutina (intraperitoneally or orally) and Erythrina mulungu (intraperitoneally) were administered in mice at single doses (200 or 400mg/kg). While Erythrina velutina and Erythrina mulungu did not exhibit any protector effect in PTZ-induced seizures, at any dose, an increase in the latency of convulsion and in the death time was observed with both doses and routes of Erythrina velutina and at higher dose of Erythrina mulungu, in strychnine-induced seizure. No alteration was observed with Erythrina velutina and Erythrina mulungu on sleeping latency at both doses as compared to control (362.8+/-59.5). However, the sleeping time was increased in both plants as compared to control (943.8+/-129.6). In conclusion, we showed that the hydroalcoholic extracts of Erythrina velutina and Erythrina mulungu have anticonvulsant effects only in the strychnine-induced seizure model, suggesting their possible action in glycine system and a potentiation of pentobarbital sleeping time, suggesting depressant action in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvânia M M Vasconcelos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo 1127, CEP 60431-270, Fortaleza, Brazil.
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21
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Flausino OA, Pereira AM, da Silva Bolzani V, Nunes-de-Souza RL. Effects of Erythrinian Alkaloids Isolated from Erythrina mulungu (Papilionaceae) in Mice Submitted to Animal Models of Anxiety. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 30:375-8. [PMID: 17268084 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.30.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effects of acute oral administration of erythrinian alkaloids, i.e. (+)-alpha-hydroxy-erysotrine, erythravine and (+)-11alpha-hydroxy-erythravine isolated from the flowers of Erythrina mulungu were investigated in two animal models of anxiety in mice-the light-dark transition model (LDTM) and the elevated plus-maze (EPM). In the LDTM, erythravine (3, 10 mg/kg) and (+)-11alpha-hydroxy-erythravine (10 mg/kg) increased the time spent by the animals in the illuminated compartment and (+)-11alpha-hydroxy-erythravine (3 mg/kg) increased the number of transitions between compartments of the LDTM, suggesting an anxiolytic-like effect of these erythrinian alkaloids. Nevertheless, the third alkaloid studied, (+)-alpha-hydroxy-erysotrine, did not change any behavioral response with the range of doses used (3-10 mg/kg). Since the oral administration of the crude extract of E. mulungu (EM) (100-400 mg/kg) did not modify the conventional measures of anxiety in the EPM, this animal model was not chosen to evaluate the anxiolytic properties of the isolated alkaloids. These results suggest that the alkaloids erythravine and (+)-11alpha-hydroxy-erythravine are responsible for the anxiolytic effects of the crude extract of E. mulungu.
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Reimann E. Synthesis pathways to Erythrina alkaloids and Erythrina type compounds. FORTSCHRITTE DER CHEMIE ORGANISCHER NATURSTOFFE = PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS. PROGRES DANS LA CHIMIE DES SUBSTANCES ORGANIQUES NATURELLES 2007; 88:1-62. [PMID: 17302178 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-211-49389-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eberhard Reimann
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany.
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23
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Ribeiro MD, Onusic GM, Poltronieri SC, Viana MB. Effect of Erythrina velutina and Erythrina mulungu in rats submitted to animal models of anxiety and depression. Braz J Med Biol Res 2006; 39:263-70. [PMID: 16470314 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2006000200013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythrina velutina (EV) and Erythrina mulungu (EM), popularly used in Brazil as tranquilizing agents, were studied. The effects of acute and chronic oral treatment with a water:alcohol extract of EV (7:3, plant grounded stem bark; acute = 100, 200, 400 mg/kg; chronic = 50, 100, 200 mg/kg) were evaluated in rats (N = 11-12) submitted to the elevated T-maze (for avoidance and escape measurements) model of anxiety. This model was selected for its presumed capacity to elicit specific subtypes of anxiety disorders recognized in clinical practice: avoidance has been related to generalized anxiety and escape to panic. Additionally, animals were treated with the same doses of EV and EM (water:alcohol 7:3, inflorescence extract) and submitted to the forced swim test for the evaluation of antidepressant activity (N = 7-10). Both treatment regimens with EV impaired elevated T-maze avoidance latencies, without altering escape, in a way similar to the reference drug diazepam (avoidance 1, mean +/- SEM, acute study: 131.1 +/- 45.5 (control), 9.0 +/- 3.3 (diazepam), 12.7 +/- 2.9 (200 mg/kg), 28.8 +/- 15.3 (400 mg/kg); chronic study: 131.7 +/- 46.9 (control), 35.8 +/- 29.7 (diazepam), 24.4 +/- 10.4 (50 mg/kg), 29.7 +/- 11.5 (200 mg/kg)). Neither EV nor EM altered measurements performed in the forced swim test, in contrast to the reference drug imipramine that significantly decreased immobility time after chronic treatment. These results were not due to motor alterations since no significant effects were detected in an open field. These observations suggest that EV exerts anxiolytic-like effects on a specific subset of defensive behaviors which have been associated with generalized anxiety disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Ribeiro
- Departamento de Psicologia e Educação, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Marchioro M, Blank MDFA, Mourão RHV, Antoniolli AR. Anti-nociceptive activity of the aqueous extract of Erythrina velutina leaves. Fitoterapia 2005; 76:637-42. [PMID: 16242270 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2005.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2004] [Accepted: 07/20/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Anti-nociceptive and anti-oedematogenic effects of the aqueous extract from the leaves of Erythrina velutina were tested through experimental models of nociception in mice and paw oedema induced by carrageenin in rats. The extract (300 and 600 mg/kg) did not change the carrageenin-induced paw oedema. In the hot plate test the extract also did not alter the latency time for mice liking the rear paws. Moreover, the extract (600 mg/kg) decreased by 96.5% the paw liking time in the second phase of the formalin test. This effect was antagonized by naloxone (5 mg/kg). In the acetic acid-induced writhing test, the extract (300 and 600 mg/kg) reduced the number of writhing by 88.8% and 96.4%, respectively. Our present results demonstrated that the crude extract from the leaves of E. velutina has anti-nociceptive but not anti-oedematogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murilo Marchioro
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão-SE, 49100-000, Brazil.
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25
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Garín-Aguilar ME, Valencia del Toro G, Soto-Hernández M, Kite G. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of alkaloids extracted from seeds of Erythrina herbacea. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2005; 16:302-6. [PMID: 16223085 DOI: 10.1002/pca.821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive, reverse-phase HPLC-MS method for the analysis of the alkaloids of Erythrina has been developed. The method is based on the use small amounts of crude extracts (20 mg) and is sufficiently sensitive to detect the presence of the typical alkaloids, such as erysodine, erysovine, erythraline, erysopine and the hexoside of erysopine, that are representative of the title species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Garín-Aguilar
- UNAM, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla Edo, Mexico
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26
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Dantas MC, De Oliveira FS, Bandeira SM, Batista JS, Silva CD, Alves PB, Antoniolli AR, Marchioro M. Central nervous system effects of the crude extract of Erythrina velutina on rodents. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2004; 94:129-133. [PMID: 15261973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2001] [Revised: 05/06/2004] [Accepted: 05/10/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The aqueous extract (AE) of Erythrina velutina prolonged the sleep duration induced by sodium pentobarbital (control: 6.4 +/- 1.2 min; extract 10 mg/kg, 47.1 +/- 3.9 min; extract 100 mg/kg, 109.4 +/- 7.2 min; F = 243, P < 0.001). In the open field, the extract at the doses of 10 and 50 mg/kg did not changed the number of crossings, rearings nor groomings. On the other hand, at the dose of 200 mg/kg it reduced the number of crossings (q = 6.25, P < 0.05) and groomings (q = 3.91, P < 0.05). When exposed during three consecutive days to the open field, the control animals showed habituation for crossings (F = 17.56, P < 0.001) and rearings (F = 14.01, P < 0.001). The same was not true for animals treated with 10 mg/kg of the extract (crossings: F = 3.59, P > 0.05; rearings: F = 3.62, P > 0.05). At the same dose, the extract blocked the acquisition of foot shock memory (P = 0.9219) when compared to the control values (P = 0.0078). Our data showed that the crude extract of Erythrina velutina at lower doses interferes with mnemonic process for different tasks, while at higher doses, the sedative and neuromuscular blocking actions are the main effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Dantas
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão-SE 49100-000, Brazil
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27
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Onusic GM, Nogueira RL, Pereira AMS, Flausino Júnior OA, Viana MDB. Effects of Chronic Treatment with a Water-Alcohol Extract from Erythrina mulungu on Anxiety-Related Responses in Rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2003; 26:1538-42. [PMID: 14600397 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.26.1538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of chronic oral treatment with a water-alcohol extract from the inflorescence of Erythrina mulungu (Leguminosae-Papilionaceae) (EM, 50, 100, 200 mg/kg) in rats submitted to different anxiety models: the elevated T-maze (ETM, for inhibitory avoidance and escape measurements), the light/dark transition, and the cat odor test. These models were selected for their capacity to elicit specific subtypes of anxiety disorders as recognized in clinical practice. Treatment with EM impaired inhibitory avoidance latencies in a way similar to the reference drug, diazepam (DZP). Additionally, both EM and DZP increased the number of transitions and the time spent in the lighted compartment of the light/dark transition model. Furthermore, neither EM nor DZP altered behavioral responses of rats to a cloth impregnated with cat odor. In contrast to DZP, however, EM also altered ETM one-way escape. These results were not due to motor alterations since no significant effects were detected in the number of crossings or rearings in the arena. The present observations suggest that chronic EM exerts anxiolytic-like effects in defensive behaviors related to generalized anxiety and panic disorder. Although alkaloids appear to be one of the main constituents of EM, the possible mechanisms through which the extract exerts its anxiolytic action should be further investigated.
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28
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Onusic GM, Nogueira RL, Pereira AMS, Viana MB. Effect of acute treatment with a water-alcohol extract of Erythrina mulungu on anxiety-related responses in rats. Braz J Med Biol Res 2002; 35:473-7. [PMID: 11960198 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2002000400011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of acute oral treatment with a water-alcohol extract of the inflorescence of Erythrina mulungu (EM, Leguminosae-Papilionaceae) (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) on rats submitted to different anxiety models: the elevated T-maze (for inhibitory avoidance and escape measurements), the light/dark transition, and the cat odor test. These models were selected for their presumed capacity to demonstrate specific subtypes of anxiety disorders as recognized in clinical practice. Treatment with 200 mg/kg EM impaired avoidance latencies (avoidance 1 - 200 mg/kg EM: 18 +/- 7 s, control group: 40 +/- 9 s; avoidance 2 - 200 mg/kg EM: 15 +/- 4 s, control group: 110.33 +/- 38 s) in a way similar to the reference drug diazepam (avoidance 1: 3 +/- 0.79 s; avoidance 2: 3 +/- 0.76 s), without altering escape. Additionally, the same treatments increased the number of transitions (200 mg/kg EM: 6.33 +/- 0.90, diazepam: 10 +/- 1.54, control group: 2.78 +/- 0.60) between the two compartments and the time spent in the lighted compartment in the light/dark transition model (200 mg/kg EM: 39 +/- 7 s; diazepam: 61 +/- 9 s; control group: 14 +/- 4 s). The dose of 400 mg/kg EM also increased this last measurement (38 +/- 8 s). These results were not due to motor alterations since no significant effects were detected in the number of crossings or rearings in the arena. Furthermore, neither EM nor diazepam altered the behavioral responses of rats to a cloth impregnated with cat odor. These observations suggest that EM exerts anxiolytic-like effects on a specific subset of defensive behaviors, particularly those that have been shown to be sensitive to low doses of benzodiazepines.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Onusic
- Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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