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Roszkowska-Chojecka MM, Baranowska I, Gawrys O, Sadowski J, Walkowska A, Kalisz M, Litwiniuk A, Kompanowska-Jezierska E. Role of chymase in blood pressure control, plasma and tissue angiotensin II, renal Haemodynamics, and excretion in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 2021; 43:392-401. [PMID: 33687310 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2021.1890762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background: Chymase generates angiotensin II (ANG II) independently of angiotensin-converting enzyme in tissues and it contributes to vascular remodeling and development of hypertension, however the exact mechanism of its action is unclear. Methods: Hence, the effects of chymase inhibition were examined in anesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) in two stages of the disease development, ie. pre-hypertensive (SHR7) and with established hypertension (SHR16). Chymostatin, a commercial chymase inhibitor, was infused intravenously alone or in subsequent groups co-infused with captopril. Results: Mean blood pressure (MBP), total renal blood flow (RBF) and ANG II content (plasma and tissues) were measured. In SHR16 chymase blockade significantly decreased MBP (-6%) and plasma (-38%), kidney (-71%) and heart (-52%) ANG II levels. In SHR7 chymostatin did not influence MBP or RBF, but significantly decreased heart ANG II level. Conclusion: Jointly, functional studies and ANG II determinations support the evidence that in SHR chymase can raise plasma ANG II and contribute to blood pressure elevation. We propose that addition of chymase blockade to ACE inhibition could be a promising approach in the treatment of hypertensive patients resistant to therapy with ACE-inhibitors alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malwina M Roszkowska-Chojecka
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Baranowska
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga Gawrys
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Sadowski
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Walkowska
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Kalisz
- Department of Clinical Neuroendocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Litwiniuk
- Department of Clinical Neuroendocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Kompanowska-Jezierska
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Bądzyńska B, Baranowska I, Gawryś O, Sadowski J. Evidence against a crucial role of renal medullary perfusion in blood pressure control of hypertensive rats. J Physiol 2018; 597:211-223. [PMID: 30334256 DOI: 10.1113/jp276342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS The development of new effective methods of treating arterial hypertension is hindered by uncertainty regarding its causes. According to one widespread concept hypertension is caused by abnormal blood circulation in the kidney, specifically by reduction of blood flow through the kidney medulla; however, this causal relationship has never been rigorously verified. We investigated whether in rats with three different forms of experimental hypertension prolonged selective elevation of renal medullary blood flow using local infusion of the vasodilator bradykinin would lower arterial pressure. We found that increasing medullary blood flow by almost 50% did not result in alleviation of hypertension, which argues against a causal role of such changes in the control of arterial pressure and suggests that attempts at improving renal medullary circulation are not likely to be a promising approach to combating hypertension. ABSTRACT The crucial role of renal medullary blood flow (MBF) in the control of arterial pressure (MAP) has been widely accepted but not rigorously verified. We examined the effects of experimental selective MBF elevation on MAP, medullary tissue hypertonicity and renal excretion in hypertensive rats. We used three hypertensive rat models: (1) rats with hypertension induced by chronic angiotensin II infusions (AngII model), (2) rats with hypertension induced by unilateral nephrectomy followed by high salt diet (HS/UNX), and (3) spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). In acute experiments, MBF (laser-Doppler measurement) was selectively increased with an intramedullary infusion of bradykinin (Bk) at 0.27 mg h-1 kg-1 BW over 4 h. MAP, renal artery blood flow (Transonic probe) and renal excretion parameters were measured simultaneously. In chronic studies with AngII and HS/UNX rats, Bk was infused over 2 weeks and MAP (telemetry probe) and renal excretion were repeatedly determined. In acute studies, with AngII, SHR and HS/UNX groups, Bk infusion caused a 47% increase in MBF (P < 0.01-0.001), whereas solvent infusion was without effect. During the experiments MAP decreased slightly and to the same extent with Bk and solvent infusion. Medullary tissue osmolality and [Na+ ] were lower in Bk- than in solvent-infused AngII rats and in SHR. Two weeks of intramedullary Bk infusion tested in AngII and HS/UNX rats did not alter MAP or renal excretion; though in the latter group a significant MBF increase and medullary hypertonicity decrease was observed. Since no decrease in MAP in hypertensive rats was seen with Bk-induced major renal medullary hyperperfusion or with a wash-out of medullary solutes, our data argue against a crucial role of MBF in the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bożena Bądzyńska
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre , Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego St, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Baranowska
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre , Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego St, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga Gawryś
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre , Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego St, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Sadowski
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre , Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego St, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
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Gawryś O, Baranowska I, Gawarecka K, Świeżewska E, Dyniewicz J, Olszyński KH, Masnyk M, Chmielewski M, Kompanowska-Jezierska E. Innovative lipid-based carriers containing cationic derivatives of polyisoprenoid alcohols augment the antihypertensive effectiveness of candesartan in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertens Res 2018; 41:234-245. [PMID: 29440705 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-018-0011-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Novel lipid-based carriers, composed of cationic derivatives of polyisoprenoid alcohols (amino-prenols, APrens) and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE), were designed. The carriers, which were previously shown to be nontoxic to living organisms, were now tested if suitable for administration of candesartan, an antihypertensive drug. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) received injections of candesartan (0.1 mg/kg body weight per day; s.c.) in freshly prepared carriers for two weeks. The rats' arterial pressure was measured by telemetry. Urine and blood collection were performed in metabolic cages. In a separate group of SHR, the pharmacokinetics of the new formulation was evaluated after a single subcutaneous injection. The antihypertensive activity of candesartan administered in DOPE dispersions containing APrens was distinctly greater than that of candesartan dispersions composed of DOPE only or administered in the classic solvent (sodium carbonate). The pharmacokinetic parameters clearly demonstrated that candesartan in APren carriers reached the bloodstream more rapidly and in much greater concentration (almost throughout the whole observation) than the same drug administered in dispersions of DOPE only or in solvent. Serum creatinine (PCr) decreased significantly only in the group receiving candesartan in carriers with APrens (from 0.80 ± 0.04 to 0.66 ± 0.09 mg/dl; p < 0.05), whereas in the other groups PCr remained at the same level after treatment. Moreover, the new derivatives increased the loading capacity of the carriers, which is a valuable feature for any drug delivery system. Taken together, our findings led us to conclude that APrens are potentially valuable components of lipid-based drug carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Gawryś
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Iwona Baranowska
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Gawarecka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5a Pawinskiego Street, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Świeżewska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5a Pawinskiego Street, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Dyniewicz
- Department of Neuropeptides, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof H Olszyński
- Behaviour and Metabolism Research Laboratory, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Masnyk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 44/52 Kasprzaka Street, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Chmielewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 44/52 Kasprzaka Street, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Kompanowska-Jezierska
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
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Rikita T, Egawa Y, Seki T. Fluorometric determination of inulin using 5-quinolineboronic acid and inulinase. Anal Biochem 2012; 426:24-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2012.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2011] [Revised: 03/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Bienzyme amperometric biosensor using gold nanoparticle-modified electrodes for the determination of inulin in foods. Anal Biochem 2008; 375:345-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2007.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2007] [Revised: 12/13/2007] [Accepted: 12/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Liu E, Morimoto M, Kitajima S, Koike T, Yu Y, Shiiki H, Nagata M, Watanabe T, Fan J. Increased Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Kidney Leads to Progressive Impairment of Glomerular Functions. J Am Soc Nephrol 2007; 18:2094-104. [PMID: 17554151 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2006010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an important mediator in maintaining normal kidney functions. In addition, several lines of evidence suggest that upregulation of VEGF in glomeruli may be associated with or cause renal dysfunction such as diabetic nephropathy. For elucidation of the pathologic consequences of high levels of VEGF in glomeruli, transgenic (Tg) rabbits that express human VEGF(165) isoform in both kidney and liver under the control of the human alpha-1-antitrypsin promoter were generated and characterized. With the use of heterozygous Tg rabbits and their littermates aged 8 to 55 wk, renal functions and structures were investigated. Compared with control rabbits, Tg rabbits exhibited progressive proteinuria with increased GFR at the early stage and decreased GFR at the later stage. Histologic examinations revealed that Tg rabbit kidneys were characterized by considerable glomerular hypertrophy as a result of increased proliferation of both glomerular capillaries and mesangial cells accompanied by prominent podocyte hypertrophy. With increasing age starting from 20 wk, Tg rabbit kidneys showed prominent formation of microaneurysms and capillary proliferation at the vascular pole area. At a later stage (55 wk), many glomeruli showed sclerosis and tuft collapse with the formation of glomerular cysts on a background of tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis. This study provides the first evidence that increased expression of VEGF in glomeruli directly causes the glomerular hypertrophy that is associated with proteinuria, suggesting that VEGF exerts multiple effects on the glomerular pathophysiologic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enqi Liu
- Analytical Research Center for Experimental Sciences, Saga University, Saga, Japan
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Laurent V, Lindberg I. Mini-RIA: adaptation of conventional 125I-labeled radioimmunoassay to a 96-tube format. Anal Biochem 2002; 309:143-9. [PMID: 12381373 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2697(02)00252-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Radioimmunoassay (RIA) employing iodinated ligands represents a popular measurement method for small molecules due to its excellent sensitivity and specificity. Yet performing RIAs of large numbers of tubes remains a tedious laboratory chore due to the need to individually handle tubes multiple times. We here present a method in which conventional 125I-labeled RIA ([125I] RIA) is adapted to a microtiter plate format, termed mini-RIA. Tubes are handled in batch for centrifugation or during the separation of antibody-bound ligand from free ligand. A simple draining device for batch decantation of free ligand from 96 minitubes is used. Optimal conditions for the mini-RIA were established using two workup methods-double-antibody immunoprecipitation and direct polyethylene glycol precipitation. Use of the mini-RIA method was found to result in a considerable savings in assay times; in addition, the sensitivity of the mini-RIA was improved over conventional RIA. The mini-RIA is particularly useful for assay of large numbers of samples derived from chromatographic methods, since aliquots can be transferred directly from the fraction collector into the minitubes using multiple channel pipettors. Because the method is flexible with regard to assay workup, we predict that most conventional [125I] RIAs can be adapted to the mini-RIA format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Laurent
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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