1
|
Suresh PS, Devaraj VC, Srinivas NR, Mullangi R. Review of bioanalytical assays for the quantitation of various HDAC inhibitors such as vorinostat, belinostat, panobinostat, romidepsin and chidamine. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 31. [PMID: 27511598 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDAC inhibitors) are used to treat malignancies such as cutaneous T cell lymphoma and peripheral T cell lymphoma. Only four drugs are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, namely vorinostat, romidepsin, panobinostat and belinostat, while chidamide has been approved in China. There are a number of bioanalytical methods reported for the measurement of HDAC inhibitors in clinical (human plasma and serum) and preclinical (mouse plasma, rat plasma, urine and tissue homogenates, etc.) studies. This review covers various HDAC inhibitors such as vorinostat, romidepsin, panobinostat, belinostat and chidamide. In addition to providing a comprehensive review of the available methods for the above mentioned HDAC inhibitors, it also provides case studies with perspectives for chosen drugs. Based on the review, it is concluded that the published methodologies using either HPLC or LC-MS/MS are well suited for the quantification of HDAC inhibitors in various biological fluids to delineate pharmacokinetic data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P S Suresh
- Jubilant Biosys, 2nd Stage, Bangalore, India
| | - V C Devaraj
- Jubilant Biosys, 2nd Stage, Bangalore, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Salvador L, Park H, Al-Awadhi FH, Liu Y, Kim B, Zeller SL, Chen QY, Hong J, Luesch H. Modulation of Activity Profiles for Largazole-Based HDAC Inhibitors through Alteration of Prodrug Properties. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:905-10. [PMID: 25147612 PMCID: PMC4137384 DOI: 10.1021/ml500170r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Largazole is a potent and class I-selective histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor purified from marine cyanobacteria and was demonstrated to possess antitumor activity. Largazole employs a unique prodrug strategy, via a thioester moiety, to liberate the bioactive species largazole thiol. Here we report alternate prodrug strategies to modulate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics profiles of new largazole-based compounds. The in vitro effects of largazole analogues on cancer cell proliferation and enzymatic activities of purified HDACs were comparable to the natural product. However, in vitro and in vivo histone hyperacetylation in HCT116 cells and implanted tumors, respectively, showed differences, particularly in the onset of action and oral bioavailability. These results indicate that, by employing a different approach to disguise the "warhead" moiety, the functional consequence of these prodrugs can be significantly modulated. Our data corroborate the role of the pharmacokinetic properties of this class of compounds to elicit the desired and timely functional response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lilibeth
A. Salvador
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural
Products, Drug
Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University
of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United
States
- Marine
Science Institute, College of Science, University
of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
| | - Heekwang Park
- Department
of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Fatma H. Al-Awadhi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural
Products, Drug
Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University
of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United
States
| | - Yanxia Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural
Products, Drug
Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University
of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United
States
| | - Bumki Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Sabrina L. Zeller
- Department
of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Qi-Yin Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural
Products, Drug
Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University
of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United
States
| | - Jiyong Hong
- Department
of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department
of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke
University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Hendrik Luesch
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural
Products, Drug
Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University
of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United
States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fraczek J, Vanhaecke T, Rogiers V. Toxicological and metabolic considerations for histone deacetylase inhibitors. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2013; 9:441-57. [PMID: 23286281 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2013.754011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vorinostat and romidepsin were the first histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (HDi) that fulfilled the preclinical promise of anticancer potential in clinical trials. Nevertheless, they merely opened a new chapter in the history of cancer therapy. Demonstration of their antitumor activity was a straightforward task in in vitro setting. Proving their efficacy in vivo was much more difficult, since the effects of an administrated drug strongly depend on its absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. AREAS COVERED This article summarizes clinical data on the pharmacokinetic properties of HDi that are currently at more advanced stages of clinical development. Specific attention is paid to the metabolic pathways. Moreover, a comprehensive overview of HDi-related adverse effects is given. EXPERT OPINION At this moment, HDi form one of the most interesting classes of therapeutics, yet their efficacy and safety profiles could still be improved by i) designing better formulations, ii) more extensive characterization of their disposition at the preclinical stage, iii) targeting of individual disease-related deacetylase isoforms and/or their complexes, iv) selecting a target patient population with the highest probability of response based on molecular signatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Fraczek
- VUB, Toxicology, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels 1090, Belgium.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
The most common subtypes of primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) are mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome. Clinical manifestations and prognosis in CTCL are highly variable. Improving the management of this incurable disease with limited toxicity is an active area of research. Romidepsin is a novel, well-tolerated histone deacetylase inhibitor with promising activity against advanced stages of CTCL. In November 2009, it was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of CTCL in patients who have received at least one prior systemic therapy. This review focuses on the activity, pharmacology, and safety of romidepsin for the treatment of CTCL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salvia Jain
- NYU Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bai F, Iacono LC, Freeman BB, Stewart CF. Determination of Depsipeptide (FR901228) in Human Plasma by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2009. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-200034924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Bai
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , 332 N. Lauderdale, Memphis , Tennessee , 38105 , USA
| | - Lisa C. Iacono
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , 332 N. Lauderdale, Memphis , Tennessee , 38105 , USA
| | - Burgess B. Freeman
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , 332 N. Lauderdale, Memphis , Tennessee , 38105 , USA
| | - Clinton F. Stewart
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , 332 N. Lauderdale, Memphis , Tennessee , 38105 , USA
- b The Center for Pediatric Pharmacokinetics and Therapeutics , University of Tennessee , Memphis , Tennessee , USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
van den Broek I, Sparidans RW, Schellens JH, Beijnen JH. Quantitative bioanalysis of peptides by liquid chromatography coupled to (tandem) mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 872:1-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2008] [Revised: 06/16/2008] [Accepted: 07/12/2008] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
7
|
Shah MH, Binkley P, Chan K, Xiao J, Arbogast D, Collamore M, Farra Y, Young D, Grever M. Cardiotoxicity of histone deacetylase inhibitor depsipeptide in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 12:3997-4003. [PMID: 16818698 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-05-2689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This phase II study was undertaken to assess objective response and toxicity of histone deacetylase inhibitor depsipeptide in patients with neuroendocrine tumors. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A total of 15 patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors received a 4-hour i.v. infusion of depsipeptide at 14 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, and 15 every 28 days. Tumor response was assessed at 8-week intervals using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. Most patients were chemo-naïve (n = 12) but receiving long-acting octreotide for carcinoid syndrome (n = 11). All patients had Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 to 1. RESULTS The study was terminated prematurely due to an unexpected high number of serious cardiac adverse events so the objective response rate could not be determined. A total of 77 doses of depsipeptide with a median of four doses (range, 2-13) per patient were administered. The most common adverse events included nausea (86%), anorexia (73%), vomiting (66%), and fatigue (73%). A sudden death attributed to possible fatal ventricular arrhythmia occurred within 24 hours after the fifth dose of depsipeptide. Furthermore, asymptomatic grade 2 ventricular tachycardia (n = 2) and prolonged QTc (n = 3) probably related to depsipeptide were observed. Plasma depsipeptide levels measured in a subset of patients failed to reveal differences among patients with or without cardiac adverse events. CONCLUSIONS Depsipeptide was associated with a high number of potentially serious cardiac adverse events in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumor. As sudden death possibly associated with depsipeptide was observed in this trial, the risks for potentially life-threatening arrhythmia associated with this agent need to be comprehensively evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manisha H Shah
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Goldsmith ME, Aguila A, Steadman K, Martinez A, Steinberg SM, Alley MC, Waud WR, Bates SE, Fojo T. The histone deacetylase inhibitor FK228 given prior to adenovirus infection can boost infection in melanoma xenograft model systems. Mol Cancer Ther 2007; 6:496-505. [PMID: 17308048 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-06-0431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A major limitation of adenovirus type 5-mediated cancer gene therapy is the inefficient infection of many cancer cells. Previously, we showed that treatment with low doses of the histone deacetylase inhibitor FK228 (FR901228, depsipeptide) increased coxsackie adenovirus receptor (CAR) levels, histone H3 acetylation, and adenovirus infection efficiencies as measured by viral transgene expression in cancer cell lines but not in cultured normal cells. To evaluate FK228 in vivo, the effects of FK228 therapy in athymic mice bearing LOX IMVI or UACC-62 human melanoma xenografts were examined. Groups of mice were treated with FK228 using several dosing schedules and the differences between treated and control animals were determined. In mice with LOX IMVI xenografts (n = 6), maximum CAR induction was observed 24 h following a single FK228 dose of 3.6 mg/kg with a 13.6 +/- 4.3-fold (mean +/- SD) increase in human CAR mRNA as determined by semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis. By comparison, mouse CAR levels in liver, kidney, and lung from the same animals showed little to no change. Maximum CAR protein induction of 9.2 +/- 4.8-fold was achieved with these treatment conditions and was associated with increased histone H3 acetylation. Adenovirus carrying a green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgene (2 x 10(9) viral particles) was injected into the xenografts and GFP mRNA levels were determined. A 7.4 +/- 5.2-fold increase in GFP mRNA was found 24 h following adenovirus injection into optimally FK228-treated mice (n = 10). A 4-fold increase in GFP protein-positive cells was found following FK228 treatment. These studies suggest that FK228 treatment prior to adenovirus infection could increase the efficiency of adenovirus gene therapy in xenograft model systems.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Acetylation
- Adenoviridae Infections/drug therapy
- Adenoviridae Infections/metabolism
- Adenoviridae Infections/virology
- Adenoviruses, Human/genetics
- Animals
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Blotting, Western
- Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor-Like Membrane Protein
- Depsipeptides/pharmacology
- Female
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism
- Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors
- Histones/metabolism
- Humans
- Melanoma/drug therapy
- Melanoma/metabolism
- Melanoma/virology
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- RNA, Viral/metabolism
- Receptors, Virus/genetics
- Receptors, Virus/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Skin Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Skin Neoplasms/metabolism
- Skin Neoplasms/virology
- Transgenes/drug effects
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merrill E Goldsmith
- Experimental Therapeutics Section, Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Room 13N240, MSC 1903, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Stadler WM, Margolin K, Ferber S, McCulloch W, Thompson JA. A phase II study of depsipeptide in refractory metastatic renal cell cancer. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2006; 5:57-60. [PMID: 16859580 DOI: 10.3816/cgc.2006.n.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic options for renal cell cancer are inadequate. Depsipeptide is a histone deacetylase inhibitor with promising preclinical and early clinical activity. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with refractory renal cell cancer with normal organ function and no history of significant cardiovascular disease were enrolled on a multi-institutional, single-arm, phase II study. Patients received depsipeptide 13 mg/m2 intravenously over 4 hours on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle with disease reevaluation performed every 8 weeks. One response in the initial 16 enrolled patients was required for full accrual to 25 patients, from which 5 responses needed to be observed in order to consider the agent appropriate for further study. Toxicity was assessed using National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria, version 2.0. RESULTS The 29 evaluable patients, who were accrued so that 25 patients who received >or= 3 doses of depsipeptide could be observed, were heavily pretreated with a median of 2 previous systemic therapies and a 2-year median duration of metastatic disease. Twenty-four had clear-cell histology. The most common serious toxicities were fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and anemia. Two patients developed a prolonged QTc interval, one patient each developed grade 3 atrial fibrillation and tachycardia, and there was 1 sudden death. Two patients experienced an objective response (1 complete response) for an overall response rate of 7% (95% CI, 0.8%-23%). CONCLUSION Depsipeptide at this dose and schedule does not have sufficient activity for further investigation in this patient population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walter M Stadler
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL 60637-1470, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
van den Broek I, Sparidans RW, Huitema ADR, Schellens JHM, Beijnen JH. Development and validation of a quantitative assay for the measurement of two HIV-fusion inhibitors, enfuvirtide and tifuvirtide, and one metabolite of enfuvirtide (M-20) in human plasma by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2006; 837:49-58. [PMID: 16713406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2006] [Revised: 03/24/2006] [Accepted: 03/30/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A method for the quantification of two peptide HIV-1 fusion inhibitors (enfuvirtide, T-20 and tifuvirtide, T-1249) and one metabolite of enfuvirtide (M-20) in human plasma has been developed and validated, using liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The analytes were extracted from plasma by solid-phase extraction (SPE) on vinyl-copolymer cartridges. Chromatographic separation of the peptides was performed on a Symmetry 300 C(18) column (50mmx2.1mm I.D., particle size 3.5 microm), using a water-acetonitrile gradient containing 0.25% (v/v) formic acid. The triple quadrupole mass spectrometer was operated in the positive ion-mode and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was used for peak detection. Deuterated (d60) enfuvirtide and (d50) tifuvirtide were used as internal standards. The assay was linear over a concentration range of 20-10,000 ng/ml for enfuvirtide and tifuvirtide and of 20-2000 ng/ml for M-20. Intra- and inter-assay precisions and deviations from the nominal concentrations were </=13%. Stability of the analytes was tested under all relevant conditions for sample handling. The method was capable to measure concentrations of enfuvirtide and its metabolite in plasma samples of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infected patients treated with the drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I van den Broek
- Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Section of Biomedical Analysis, Division of Drug Toxicology, Sorbonnelaan 16, 3584 CA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fang T, Wang Y, Ma Y, Su W, Bai Y, Zhao P. A rapid LC/MS/MS quantitation assay for naringin and its two metabolites in rats plasma. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 40:454-9. [PMID: 16406442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2005.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2005] [Revised: 07/16/2005] [Accepted: 07/19/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Naringin is a flavonoid that exists in many plants and traditional Chinese medicines. In this study, a highly sensitive and specific electrospray ionization (ESI) liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method was developed for quantification of naringin and its two metabolites, naringenin and naringenin glucuronide. Naringin and naringenin were extracted from rat plasma with ethyl acetate, using hesperidin as an internal standard. Components in the extract were separated on a 100 mm x 2.0 mm Betabasic 5 microm C18 ODS column by isocratic elution with 70% methanol. The components were analyzed in the multiple-reaction-monitoring (MRM) mode in the precursor/product ion pair of m/z 581.3/273.4 for naringin, m/z 273.4/153.1 for naringenin and m/z 611.5/303.4 for hesperidin, respectively. Linear calibration curves were obtained in the range of 5-1000 ng/ml, using 0.1 ml rat plasma. The within-day coefficients of variation (CVs) were 3.1, 1.8 and 2.2% for naringin, 3.0, 3.3, 3.1% for naringenin at 5, 50 and 500 ng/ml (n=5). The between-day CVs were 3.4, 1.7 and 4.9% for naringin and 4.0, 3.0, 4.6% for naringenin (n=5) at 5, 50 and 500 ng/ml respectively. A formulation based on PEG400 was used and orally administered to Sprague-Dawley male rats. Plasma drug concentrations were measured by this method and the pharmacokinetics was analyzed by WinNonlin computer software. Plasma concentration-time profiles of naringin were found to increase quickly and decline rapidly within 2 h and could not be detected after 24 h. Naringenin and naringenin glucuronide occurred slower and the T(max) were about 9 and 7.5 h later, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiezheng Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Stokvis E, Rosing H, Beijnen JH. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for the quantitative bioanalysis of anticancer drugs. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2005; 24:887-917. [PMID: 15599948 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The monitoring of anticancer drugs in biological fluids and tissues is important during both pre-clinical and clinical development and often in routine clinical use. Traditionally, liquid chromatography (LC) in combination with ultraviolet (UV), fluorescence, or electrochemical detection is employed for this purpose. The successful hyphenation of LC and mass spectrometry (MS), however, has dramatically changed this. MS detection provides better sensitivity and selectivity than UV detection and, in addition, is applicable to a significantly larger group of compounds than fluorescence or electrochemical detection. Therefore, LC-MS has now become the method of first choice for the quantitative bioanalysis of many anticancer agents. There are still, however, a lot of new developments to be expected in this area, such as the introduction of more sensitive and robust mass spectrometers, high-throughput analyses, and further optimization of the coupled LC systems. Many articles have appeared in this field in recent years and are reviewed here. We conclude that LC-MS is an extremely powerful tool for the quantitative analysis of anticancer drugs in biological samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Stokvis
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Slotervaart Hospital, Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sakimura R, Tanaka K, Nakatani F, Matsunobu T, Li X, Hanada M, Okada T, Nakamura T, Matsumoto Y, Iwamoto Y. Antitumor effects of histone deacetylase inhibitor on Ewing's family tumors. Int J Cancer 2005; 116:784-92. [PMID: 15849726 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.21069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A chimeric protein, EWS-Fli1, identified in most Ewing's family tumors (EFTs) has been shown to be associated with the tumorigenicity of EFTs. We have previously reported that p21(Waf1/Cip1) expression was inhibited by EWS-Fli1 in EFTs. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) are known to up-regulate p21(Waf1/Cip1) expression in various cells and show promise as a cancer therapy. Here, we demonstrate the possible involvement of EWS-Fli1 in the activities of both histone acetylation and deacetylation, as well as the potential use of HDACIs as an antitumor agent for EFTs. A novel HDACI, FK228, strongly induced p21(Waf1/Cip1) expression, leading to the hypophosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein (Rb) in EFT cells. Results indicated that EWS-Fli1 deregulated histone acetylation through both the repression of histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and the enhancement of histone deacetylase (HDAC) activities in EFT cells. FK228 treatment blocked both of the abnormal functions of EWS-Fli1. Expressions of EWS-Fli1 protein and mRNA were also inhibited by HDACIs. We suggest that HDACIs might inhibit the expression of EWS-Fli1 via the suppression of the EWS promoter activity. FK228 demonstrated potent growth inhibitory effects on EFT cells at nanomolar concentrations, as well as an apparent distinction in the apoptotic effects between EFT and normal cells. Moreover, intraperitoneal administration of FK228 significantly inhibited tumor growth and induced apoptosis in EFTs in vivo. These results suggest that HDACI might be a promising reagent for use in molecular-based chemotherapy against EFTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riku Sakimura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka City, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhu H, Luo J. A fast and sensitive liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric method for assay of lorazepam and application to pharmacokinetic analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2005; 39:268-74. [PMID: 16085142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2005.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2004] [Revised: 02/12/2005] [Accepted: 02/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A fast and sensitive method of coupled high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry for the assay of lorazepam in human plasma was developed. Plasma samples were simply treated with acetonitrile to precipitate and remove proteins and the isolated supernatants were directly injected into the HPLC/MS/MS system. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Zorbax C(18) (100 x 2.1 mm I.D.) column with a 65:35 (v/v) mixed solution of acetonitrile and 10mM aqueous formic acid being used as mobile phase. With diazepam as an internal standard, quantification was performed by selected reaction ion monitoring of the transitions of m/z 321--> m/z 275 for lorazepam and m/z 285--> m/z 193 for the internal standard. The assay was validated in the concentration range of 0.71-71.3 ng/ml in human plasma. A detection limit of 0.10 ng/ml for lorazepam was achieved, and inter- and intra-run precisions of better than 4.4% (R.S.D.) were observed. The developed method has been successfully applied for pharmacokinetic study of the drug in man.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Zhu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Xiasha Campus, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Xiao JJ, Foraker AB, Swaan PW, Liu S, Huang Y, Dai Z, Chen J, Sadée W, Byrd J, Marcucci G, Chan KK. Efflux of Depsipeptide FK228 (FR901228, NSC-630176) Is Mediated by P-Glycoprotein and Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 1. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2005; 313:268-76. [PMID: 15634944 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.104.072033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Depsipeptide FK228 [(E)-(1S,4S,10S,21R)-7[(Z)-ethylideno]-4,21-diisopropyl-2-oxa-12,13-dithia-5,8,20,23-tetraazabicyclo[8,7,6]-tricos-16-ene-3,6,9,22-pentanone], a novel histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, previously was reported to be a P-glycoprotein (Pgp) substrate. We now expand the investigation to demonstrate that FK228 is a substrate for Pgp and multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1). Transport of FK228 across the Caco-2 cell monolayer in apical to basolateral (AP-->BL) and basolateral to apical (BL-->AP) directions in the absence and presence of Pgp and MRP inhibitors were investigated. An in vitro uptake study in human red blood cells (RBCs) and a cytotoxicity assay in MRP1(-) HL60 and MRP1(+) HL60Adr cells were conducted to show that FK228 is an MRP1 substrate. An FK228-resistant cell line (HCT15R) was developed from HCT15 colon carcinoma and characterized using a 70-oligomer cDNA microarray, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis, histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and HDAC activity assays, and cytotoxicity assays. FK228 showed a nearly unidirectional flux across the Caco-2 cell monolayer, with the BL-->AP apparent permeability coefficient (P(app)) 32 times that of AP-->BL without apparent saturation. Pgp inhibition decreased the BL-->AP P(app) and increased the AP-->BL P(app). RBC showed a concentration-dependent uptake and saturable efflux of FK228. HL60Adr cells were 4-fold more resistant to FK228 than HL60 cells, and the resistance was reversed by MRP inhibition. Up-regulation of Pgp, but not changes of MRPs or HAT/HDAC enzymatic activities, was the major mechanism for the acquired FK228 resistance. These studies demonstrate that FK228 is a substrate for Pgp and MRP1, and reversible Pgp up-regulation is predominantly involved in FK228 resistance in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jim J Xiao
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State Univeristy, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Liu Z, Floss HG, Cassady JM, Xiao J, Chan KK. An API LC/MS/MS quantitation method for ansamitocin P-3 (AP3) and its preclinical pharmacokinetics. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2004; 36:815-21. [PMID: 15533675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2004.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2004] [Revised: 07/10/2004] [Accepted: 07/17/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ansamitocin P-3 (AP3) is a potent maytansinoid antitumor agent isolated from microorganisms and mosses. In this study, a highly sensitive and specific electrospray ionization (ESI) liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method for quantitation of AP3 was developed and validated. AP3 was extracted from rat plasma along with the internal standard, depsipeptide FK228 (NSC-630176, FR) with ethyl acetate. Components in the extract were separated on a 50mm x 2.1mm Betabasic C 85 microm stainless steel column by isocratic elution with 70% acetonitrile/0.9% formic acid. The liquid flow was passed through a pre-source splitter and 5% of the eluent was introduced into the API source. The components were analyzed in the multiple-reaction-monitoring (MRM) mode as the precursor/product ion pair of m/z 635.2/547.2 for AP3 and of m/z 541.5/424.0 for the internal standard FR. Linear calibration curves were obtained in the range 1-500 ng/mL using 0.2 mL rat plasma. The within-day coefficients of variation (CVs) were 12.9, 6.7, and 5.5% and the between-day CVs were 10.4, 6.5, and 6.4% (all n = 5) at 1, 10, and 200 ng/mL, respectively. A formulation based on normal saline and PEG300 was then developed and Sprague-Dawley male rats were given this formulated drug by i.v. bolus. Plasma drug concentrations were measured by this method and the pharmacokinetics were analyzed by standard techniques. Plasma concentration-time profiles were found to follow a triexponential decline and the terminal phase was nearly flat, suggesting that the drug distributed in deep tissue compartments or organs and then equilibrates slowly with the blood stream.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongfa Liu
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 410 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Roychowdhury S, Baiocchi RA, Vourganti S, Bhatt D, Blaser BW, Freud AG, Chou J, Chen CS, Xiao JJ, Parthun M, Chan KK, Eisenbeis CF, Ferketich AK, Grever MR, Chen CS, Caligiuri MA. Selective efficacy of depsipeptide in a xenograft model of Epstein-Barr virus-positive lymphoproliferative disorder. J Natl Cancer Inst 2004; 96:1447-57. [PMID: 15467034 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djh271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune-compromised individuals are at increased risk for developing aggressive Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated lymphoproliferative disorders after primary EBV infection or for reactivation of a preexisting latent EBV infection. We evaluated the effect of depsipeptide, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, on EBV-positive lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) and Burkitt lymphoma cell lines in a mouse model and explored its mechanism of action in vitro. METHODS We studied EBV-transformed LCLs, which express a latent III (Lat-III) viral gene profile, as do some EBV-positive lymphoproliferative malignancies, and Burkitt lymphoma cell lines, which express a Lat-I viral gene profile. Cell lines were used to characterize depsipeptide-induced apoptosis, which was evaluated by flow cytometry. Flow cytometry, western blot analyses, and histone deacetylase inhibitors were used to investigate components of prodeath and survival pathways in vitro. We studied depsipeptide's effects on survival with a mouse xenograft model of EBV-positive human B-cell tumors (groups of 10 mice). All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS Depsipeptide (5 mg/m2 of body surface area) treatment was associated with statistically significantly improved survival of mice carrying Lat-III EBV-positive LCL tumors, compared with that of control-treated mice (day 30: for depsipeptide-treated mice, 90% survival, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 73.2% to 100%; for control-treated mice, 20% survival, 95% CI = 5.79% to 69.1%; P<.001), but it was not associated with survival of mice carrying Lat-I EBV-positive Burkitt lymphoma tumors. Depsipeptide induced apoptosis in 64% of LCLs and in 14% of EBV-positive Burkitt lymphoma cells in vitro. Depsipeptide-treated LCL cultures had two distinct cell populations--one sensitive and one resistant to depsipeptide. Depsipeptide-mediated apoptosis was associated with a 12-fold increased level of active caspase 3, but some apoptosis persisted despite z-VAD-fmk treatment to inhibit caspase activity. Depsipeptide-resistant LCLs expressed higher levels of latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1; P = .017), BCL2 (P = .032), and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) (P<.001) than depsipeptide-sensitive LCLs; this resistance was circumvented by treatment with PS-1145, an inhibitor of NF-kappaB activation (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS Apoptosis is induced by depsipeptide via caspase-dependent and -independent pathways in Lat-III EBV-positive LCLs and is enhanced by inhibiting NF-kappaB activity. Depsipeptide as a treatment for Lat-III EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disorders should be explored further in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sameek Roychowdhury
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hwang K, Piekarz RL, Bates SE, Figg WD, Sparreboom A. Determination of the cyclic depsipeptide FK228, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2004; 809:81-6. [PMID: 15282096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2004] [Revised: 06/03/2004] [Accepted: 06/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An analytical method was developed for the quantitative determination of the novel histone deacetylase inhibitor, depsipeptide FK228 (formerly FR901228; NSC 630176), in human plasma. Calibration curves were constructed in the range of 0.5-100 ng/ml, and were analyzed using a weight factor proportional to the nominal concentration. Sample pretreatment involved a liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate using 500 microl aliquots of plasma. The analyte was separated on a column (50 mm x 4.6 mm i.d.) packed with 3.5 microm C8 material, and eluted with methanol-10 mM ammonium formate (55:45; v/v; pH 8). The column effluent was monitored by mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization. The values for precision and accuracy were always < or =7.88% and <3.33% relative error, respectively. The method was successfully applied to examine the pharmacokinetics of FK228 in a cancer patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyunghwa Hwang
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Core, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Berg SL, Stone J, Xiao JJ, Chan KK, Nuchtern J, Dauser R, McGuffey L, Thompson P, Blaney SM. Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics of depsipeptide (FR901228) in nonhuman primates. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2004; 54:85-8. [PMID: 15042312 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-004-0766-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2003] [Accepted: 01/05/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Acetylation of histones by histone acetyl transferases (HATs) leads to transcriptional activation, while histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity leads to transcriptional repression. Abnormalities of histone acetylation are associated with the malignant phenotype. Depsipeptide (FR901228) inhibits HDAC and has shown anticancer activity in preclinical models. We studied the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pharmacokinetics of depsipeptide in a nonhuman primate model that is highly predictive of human CSF penetration. DESIGN Depsipeptide was administered intravenously at a dose of 10 mg/m(2) over 4 h to three different animals. Serial blood samples were obtained from all animals and serial CSF samples were obtained from two animals. Plasma and CSF concentrations of depsipeptide were measured using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Concentration-versus-time data were modeled using model-independent and model-dependent methods. RESULTS The peak plasma concentration (median+/-SD) was 245+/-50 n M and occurred within the first 2 h of the infusion. The terminal half-life was 205+/-315 min, the AUC extrapolated to infinity was 50+/-15 micro M.min, and the total body clearance was 350+/-65 ml/min/m(2). In the two animals that had CSF sampling performed, the CSF peak concentration was 3.6 n M in one animal and 2.3 n M in the other, and the CSF half-lives were 250 and 325 min. The CSF penetration of depsipeptide (AUC(CSF):AUC(plasma)) was 2% in each animal. Observed changes included anorexia, fatigue, elevation of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) enzyme levels (muscle fraction), and transient early leukopenia. All animals recovered without sequelae. CONCLUSIONS Although the CSF exposure to depsipeptide after intravenous administration was only 2%, CSF concentrations approached the IC(50) of depsipeptide in vitro for some tumors. Systemic administration of this agent may be useful for the treatment of leptomeningeal tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stacey L Berg
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Xiao JJ, Byrd J, Marcucci G, Grever M, Chan KK. Identification of thiols and glutathione conjugates of depsipeptide FK228 (FR901228), a novel histone protein deacetylase inhibitor, in the blood. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2003; 17:757-766. [PMID: 12672127 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Four glutathione (GSH) conjugates and two thiols were detected when depsipeptide FK228, formerly FR901228, a naturally occurring potent histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, was incubated in rat or human plasma in the presence of GSH. Their structures were elucidated by the high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization multi-stage mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-MS(n)) technique, and in some cases confirmed by accurate mass measurement. These products were also detected in rat and human blood homogenates following their incubation with FK228, but were not detected in GSH solution alone. A possible scheme for its formation is proposed. One of the thiols has recently been found to be more active as a histone deacetylase inhibitor than the parent compound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jim J Xiao
- College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Marshall JL, Rizvi N, Kauh J, Dahut W, Figuera M, Kang MH, Figg WD, Wainer I, Chaissang C, Li MZ, Hawkins MJ. A phase I trial of depsipeptide (FR901228) in patients with advanced cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS AND ONCOLOGY 2002; 2:325-32. [PMID: 12440223 DOI: 10.1046/j.1359-4117.2002.01039.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Depsipeptide (FR901228) is a bicyclic peptide isolated from Chromobacterium violaceum that has demonstrated potent in vitro cytotoxic activity against human tumor cell lines and in vivo efficacy against human tumor xenografts. The primary mechanism of action is through inhibition of histone deacetylase. Initial development was halted due to significant cardiac toxicity. Subsequent studies performed at the National Cancer Institute demonstrated administration without cardiotoxicity was possible by varying the schedule of administration. A phase I trial was designed to determine the maximum tolerated dose and toxicity profile when administered as a 4-hour infusion weekly x 3 with one week rest. 33 Patients with advanced, incurable cancers were enrolled into this trial and treated with doses of Depsipeptide ranging from 1 mg/m2 to 17.7 mg/m2. At doses above 5 mg/m2, we observed common symptoms of nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and anorexia. Subtle changes in ECGs were seen in several patients. However, no cardiac enzyme abnormalities or reduction in ejection fraction were observed. The MTD was defined as 13.3 mg/m2 with dose limiting toxicities being grade 3 thrombocytopenia and fatigue. Depsipeptide can be safely administered when given as a 4-hour infusion and further clinical trials are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John L Marshall
- Georgetown University, 3800 Reservoir Rd, NW, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Venkatraman S, Njoroge FG, Girijavallabhan V, McPhail AT. Application of ruthenium-induced macrocyclization for the construction of macrocyclic depsipeptides. J Org Chem 2002; 67:3152-5. [PMID: 11975586 DOI: 10.1021/jo011106v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a biaryl ether containing macrocyclic depsipeptide 1 was achieved in 6% overall yield. The desired macrocycle was constructed by cyclization of a phenol into eta(6)-ruthenium complex. The ruthenium metal was subsequently photolytically deprotected to obtain the macrocycle 1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Venkatraman
- Schering Plough Research Institute, K-15, 3545, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|