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Wang X, Liu F. Effects of Elevated CO 2 and Heat on Wheat Grain Quality. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1027. [PMID: 34065412 PMCID: PMC8161111 DOI: 10.3390/plants10051027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Wheat is one of the most important staple foods in temperate regions and is in increasing demand in urbanizing and industrializing countries such as China. Enhancing yield potential to meet the population explosion around the world and maintaining grain quality in wheat plants under climate change are crucial for food security and human nutrition. Global warming resulting from greenhouse effect has led to more frequent occurrence of extreme climatic events. Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (eCO2) along with rising temperature has a huge impact on ecosystems, agriculture and human health. There are numerous studies investigating the eCO2 and heatwaves effects on wheat growth and productivity, and the mechanisms behind. This review outlines the state-of-the-art knowledge regarding the effects of eCO2 and heat stress, individually and combined, on grain yield and grain quality in wheat crop. Strategies to enhance the resilience of wheat to future warmer and CO2-enriched environment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fulai Liu
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegård Allé 13, DK-2630 Tåstrup, Denmark;
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2
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Identification of CIMMYT spring bread wheat germplasm maintaining superior grain yield and quality under heat-stress. J Cereal Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2020.102981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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3
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Evaluating the Sensitivity of Growing Degree Days as an Agro-Climatic Indicator of the Climate Change Impact: A Case Study of the Russian Far East. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11040404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Climate is a key factor in agriculture, but we are unable to adequately predict future climates. Although some studies have addressed the short and long-run impacts of climate change on agriculture, few of them specifically focused on the analysis of its thermal component. Climatic regions with an extreme thermal range are a special case, as seasonal contrasts complicate the picture. Based on the above, the purpose of the paper is twofold. First, we review methods and indices used for the estimation of changes in the thermal component of the climate and demonstrate the usefulness of a sensitivity assessment methodology that gives some indication of the likely spatial extent of areas of high or low sensitivity to climate change and the size of the potential impact of that change, which is specifically beneficial in regions with high temperature extremes. Secondly, we constructed a composite indicator, called the Growing Degree Day Sensitivity Index (GDDSI) and defined as the percentage change in Growing Degree Day (GDD) for warming scenarios +1, +2 and +3 °C. GDDs were calculated for threshold base air temperatures of 0, 5, 10 and 15 °C, and a high-temperature limit of 30 °C. A GDD sensitivity analysis was applied to the thermally extreme climate of the Russian Far East. We analyzed the data of 50 weather stations across the study region over the period 1966–2017. The results show a strong GDDSI north-to-south gradient. In most cases, the sensitivity does not increase significantly as the warming rate increases. The higher the base threshold, the higher the sensitivity: GDDs with a threshold at 15 °C had the highest sensitivity in the far north of the study area where conditions are currently marginal for crop growth. The sensitivity analysis circumnavigates the difficulty of uncertainty in knowing what future climate to expect and informs planning decisions. The mapped results are useful for identifying areas of high sensitivity to climate change as well as the magnitude of the potential impact of that change.
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Graziano S, Marmiroli N, Visioli G, Gullì M. Proteins and Metabolites as Indicators of Flours Quality and Nutritional Properties of Two Durum Wheat Varieties Grown in Different Italian Locations. Foods 2020; 9:E315. [PMID: 32182868 PMCID: PMC7143883 DOI: 10.3390/foods9030315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Durum wheat is an important food source in Mediterranean countries, and Italy is the major producer of durum wheat in Europe. The quality of durum wheat flours depends on the type and amount of gluten proteins and starch while flour nutritional value rests on metabolite contents such as polyphenols. In this work, two Italian cultivars, Iride and Svevo, were analyzed for two years (2016-2017) in four Italian regions to explore how the environment affects: (i) reserve proteome; (ii) starch content and composition; and (iii) free, conjugated, bound phenolics and antioxidant capacity. The impact of environmental and meteorological conditions was significant for many traits. Regardless of the cultivation site, in 2017, a year with less rainfall and a higher temperature during grain filling, there was an increase in low molecular weight glutenins, in the glutenin/gliadin ratio and in the A-type starch granules size, all parameters of higher technological quality. In the same year, the cultivars showed higher amounts of polyphenols and antioxidant capacity. In conclusion, the two wheat cultivars, selected for their medium to high yield and their good quality, had higher performances in 2017 regardless of their sowing locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Graziano
- Interdepartmental Center SITEIA.PARMA, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124 Parma, Italy; (S.G.); (N.M.)
| | - Nelson Marmiroli
- Interdepartmental Center SITEIA.PARMA, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124 Parma, Italy; (S.G.); (N.M.)
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/a, 43124 Parma, Italy;
- National Interuniversity Consortium for Environmental Sciences (CINSA), Parco Area delle Scienze 17, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Giovanna Visioli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/a, 43124 Parma, Italy;
| | - Mariolina Gullì
- Interdepartmental Center SITEIA.PARMA, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124 Parma, Italy; (S.G.); (N.M.)
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/a, 43124 Parma, Italy;
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Graziano S, Marando S, Prandi B, Boukid F, Marmiroli N, Francia E, Pecchioni N, Sforza S, Visioli G, Gullì M. Technological Quality and Nutritional Value of Two Durum Wheat Varieties Depend on Both Genetic and Environmental Factors. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:2384-2395. [PMID: 30742427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Durum wheat ( Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn) is a major food source in Mediterranean countries since it is utilized for the production of pasta, leavened and unleavened breads, couscous, and other traditional foods. The technological and nutritional properties of durum wheat semolina depend mainly on the type of gluten proteins and on their amount, which is a genotype- and environment-dependent trait. Gluten proteins are also responsible for celiac disease (CD), an autoimmune enteropathy with a prevalence of about 0.7-2% in the human population. At this purpose, two Italian durum wheat cultivars, Saragolla and Cappelli, currently used for monovarietal pasta, were chosen to compare (i) the reserve and embryo proteome, (ii) the free and bound phenolics, antioxidant activity, and amino acid composition, and (iii) the content of immunogenic peptides produced after a simulated gastrointestinal digestion. The results obtained from 2 years of field cultivation on average showed a higher amount of gluten proteins, amino acids, and immunogenic peptides in Cappelli. Saragolla showed a higher abundance in bound phenolics, antioxidant enzymes, and stress response proteins in line with its higher antioxidant activity. However, the impact of the year of cultivation, largely depending on varying rainfall regimes through the wheat growth cycle, was significant for most of the parameters investigated. Differences in technological and nutritional characteristics observed between the two cultivars are discussed in relation to the influence of genetic and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Graziano
- Interdepartmental Center SITEIA.PARMA , University of Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Silvia Marando
- Interdepartmental Center SITEIA.PARMA , University of Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Barbara Prandi
- Department of Food and Drug , University of Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A , I-43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Fatma Boukid
- Interdepartmental Center SITEIA.PARMA , University of Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze , 43124 Parma , Italy
- Department of Food and Drug , University of Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A , I-43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Nelson Marmiroli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability , University of Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Enrico Francia
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre BIOGEST-SITEIA , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Piazzale Europa 1 , 42124 Reggio Emilia , Italy
| | - Nicola Pecchioni
- CREA, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-CI) , S.S. 673 km 25,200 , I-71122 Foggia , Italy
| | - Stefano Sforza
- Interdepartmental Center SITEIA.PARMA , University of Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze , 43124 Parma , Italy
- Department of Food and Drug , University of Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A , I-43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Giovanna Visioli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability , University of Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Mariolina Gullì
- Interdepartmental Center SITEIA.PARMA , University of Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze , 43124 Parma , Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability , University of Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A , 43124 Parma , Italy
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Zhang X, Shi Z, Jiang D, Högy P, Fangmeier A. Independent and combined effects of elevated CO 2 and post-anthesis heat stress on protein quantity and quality in spring wheat grains. Food Chem 2018; 277:524-530. [PMID: 30502179 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Spring wheat plants were grown under two CO2 concentrations (380 and 550 μmol mol-1) and two temperature treatments (ambient and post-anthesis heat stress) to investigate the effects of elevated CO2 and heat stress on grain protein quality. Contents of protein components, glutenin macropolymers (GMP) and amino acids in grains decreased due to elevated CO2, while increased by high temperature. The combination of elevated CO2 and heat stress increased the contents of total protein and albumin, but decreased the contents of gliadin and glutenin, while the content and particle size distribution of GMP as well as the contents of amino acids were not significantly affected. Furthermore, we found that the content and particle size distribution of GMP were not only determined by the contents of proteins and high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits, but also related to the contents of amino acids containing disulfide bonds, which favor the formation of large insoluble polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaxiang Zhang
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; National Technology Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production/National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, and Ecology and Production in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, PR China.
| | - Zhiqiang Shi
- National Technology Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production/National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, and Ecology and Production in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, PR China.
| | - Dong Jiang
- National Technology Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production/National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, and Ecology and Production in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, PR China.
| | - Petra Högy
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, August-von-Hartmann-Str. 3, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Andreas Fangmeier
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, August-von-Hartmann-Str. 3, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
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Perin D, Murano E. Starch Polysaccharides in the Human Diet: Effect of the Different Source and Processing on its Absorption. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701200606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Starch is the main source of carbohydrates in human diet. It is widely used in food processing and non-food industrial applications. The effects on starch digestion and absorption in humans are reviewed in relation to the starch composition, sources, plant genetic variation, food processing and cooking. The impact of food industrial processing and starch modification on the digestibility of starch containing foods and on gut microbiota are discussed. Considering that the resistant starch (RS) fraction escaped from the small intestine is fermented in large intestine, all the variables that influence starch digestibility and absorption must be taken into account when discussing about healthy properties of fibers. Future trends in food industries are aimed to increase the RS fraction in processed foods in order to improve nutritional quality as well as to clarify the influence of RS3 and RS4 on gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Perin
- Protos Research Institute, 34128, Trieste, Italy
| | - Erminio Murano
- Protos Research Institute, 34128, Trieste, Italy
- Nealys srl, Via Flavia 23/1, 34148 Trieste, Italy
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Abstract
Abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, waterlogging, and high temperature cause a myriad of changes in the metabolism of plants, and there is a lot of overlap in these changes in plants in response to different stresses such as drought and salinity. These stress-induced metabolic changes cause impaired crop growth thereby resulting in poor yield. The metabolic changes taking place in several plant species due to a particular abiotic stress have been revealed from the whole plant to the molecular level by researchers, but most studies have focused on organs such as leaf, stem, and root. Information on such stress-induced changes in seed or grains is infrequent in the literature. From the information that is available, it is now evident that abiotic stress can induce considerable changes in the composition and quality of cereal grains including those of wheat, the premier staple food crop in the world. Thus, the present review discusses how far different types of stresses, mainly salinity, drought, high temperature, and waterlogging, can alter the wheat grain composition and quality. By fully uncovering the stress-induced changes in the nutritional values of wheat grains it would be possible to establish whether balanced supplies of essential nutrients are available to the human population from the wheat crop grown on stress-affected areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ashraf
- a University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha , Sargodha , 40100 , Pakistan
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9
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Szucs A, Jäger K, Jurca ME, Fábián A, Bottka S, Zvara A, Barnabás B, Fehér A. Histological and microarray analysis of the direct effect of water shortage alone or combined with heat on early grain development in wheat (Triticum aestivum). PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2010; 140:174-88. [PMID: 20573045 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2010.01394.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Based on the in silico analysis of the representation of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) in wheat grain-related cDNA libraries, a specific 15k oligonucleotide microarray has been developed in order to monitor environmental stress-dependent gene expression changes in the wheat caryopses. Using this array, the effect of water withdrawal, with and without additional heat stress, has been investigated during the first five days of kernel development on two wheat cultivars differing in their drought sensitivity. Water shortage affected (more than twofold change) the expression of only 0.5% of the investigated genes. A parallel heat treatment increased the ratio of responding genes to 5-7% because of the temperature stress and/or the increased water deficit because of enhanced evaporation. It could be established that the two cultivars, differing in their long-term adaptation capabilities to drought, responded to the short and direct stress treatments on the same way. In response to the combined drought and heat treatment, the coordinately altered expression of genes coding for storage proteins, enzymes involved in sugar/starch metabolism, histone proteins, heat shock proteins, proteases, tonoplast aquaporins as well as several transcription factors has been observed. These gene expression changes were in agreement with histological data that demonstrated the accelerated development of the embryo as well as the endosperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Szucs
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
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10
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Labuschagne MT, Elago O, Koen E. Influence of Extreme Temperatures During Grain Filling on Protein Fractions, and Its Relationship to Some Quality Characteristics in Bread, Biscuit, and Durum Wheat. Cereal Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-86-1-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. T. Labuschagne
- Dept. of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - O. Elago
- Dept. of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - E. Koen
- Dept. of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
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11
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Qi PF, Wei YM, Yue YW, Yan ZH, Zheng YL. Biochemical and molecular characterization of gliadins. Mol Biol 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893306050050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Delwiche SR, Graybosch RA. Examination of spectral pretreatments for partial least-squares calibrations for chemical and physical properties of wheat. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2003; 57:1517-1527. [PMID: 14686774 DOI: 10.1366/000370203322640161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Use of near-infrared (NIR) diffuse reflectance on ground wheat meal for prediction of protein content is a well-accepted practice. Although protein content has a strong bearing on the suitability of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for processed foods, wheat quality, as largely influenced by the configuration and conformation of the monomeric and polymeric endosperm storage proteins, is also of great importance to the food industry. The measurement of quality by NIR, however, has been much less successful. The present study examines the effects and trends of applying mathematical transformations (pretreatments) to NIR spectral data before partial least-squares (PLS) regression. Running mean smooths, Savitzky-Golay second derivatives, multiplicative scatter correction, and standard normal variate transformation, with and without detrending, were systematically applied to an extensive set of hard red winter wheat and hard white wheat grown over two seasons. The studied properties were protein content, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) sedimentation volume, number of hours during grain fill at temperature <24 degrees C, and number of hours during grain fill at temperature >32 degrees C. The size of the convolution window used to perform a smooth or second derivative was also examined. The results indicate that for easily modeled properties such as protein content, the importance of pretreatment was lessened, whereas for the more difficult-to-model properties, such as SDS sedimentation volume, wide-window (>20 points) smooth or derivative convolutions were important in maximizing calibration performance. By averaging 30 PLS cross-validation trial statistics (standard error) for each property, we were able to ascertain the inherent modeling ability of each wheat property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Delwiche
- USDA/ARS, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Instrumentation and Sensing Laboratory, Building 303, BARC-East, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350, USA.
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14
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Molecular and biochemical impacts of environmental factors on wheat grain development and protein synthesis. J Cereal Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0733-5210(03)00030-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Altenbach SB, Kothari KM, Lieu D. Environmental Conditions During Wheat Grain Development Alter Temporal Regulation of Major Gluten Protein Genes. Cereal Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem.2002.79.2.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan B. Altenbach
- USDA-ARS Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710
- Corresponding author. Phone: 510-559-5614. Fax: 510-559-5818. E-mail:
| | - Kerry M. Kothari
- USDA-ARS Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710
| | - Dao Lieu
- USDA-ARS Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710
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16
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Zhu J, Khan K. Effects of Genotype and Environment on Glutenin Polymers and Breadmaking Quality. Cereal Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem.2001.78.2.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Zhu
- Department of Cereal Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105
| | - K. Khan
- Department of Cereal Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
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17
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Effects of Temperature and Nitrogen Nutrition on the Grain Composition of Winter Wheat: Effects on Gliadin Content and Composition. J Cereal Sci 2000. [DOI: 10.1006/jcrs.2000.0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Blumenthal C, Stone PJ, Gras PW, Bekes F, Clarke B, Barlow EWR, Appels R, Wrigley CW. Heat-Shock Protein 70 and Dough-Quality Changes Resulting from Heat Stress During Grain Filling in Wheat. Cereal Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem.1998.75.1.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Blumenthal
- CSIRO Plant Industry, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia
- University of Western Sydney, Faculty of Agriculture and Horticulture, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Quality Wheat, Locked Bag No 1345, PO, North Ryde, NSW 3112, Australia
| | - P. J. Stone
- Cooperative Research Centre for Quality Wheat, Locked Bag No 1345, PO, North Ryde, NSW 3112, Australia
- Joint Centre for Crop Improvement, Department of Agriculture, University of Melbourne, Vic 3052, Australia
| | - P. W. Gras
- CSIRO Plant Industry, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Quality Wheat, Locked Bag No 1345, PO, North Ryde, NSW 3112, Australia
| | - F. Bekes
- CSIRO Plant Industry, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Quality Wheat, Locked Bag No 1345, PO, North Ryde, NSW 3112, Australia
| | - B. Clarke
- CSIRO Plant Industry, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - E. W. R. Barlow
- University of Western Sydney, Faculty of Agriculture and Horticulture, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia
| | - R. Appels
- Cooperative Research Centre for Quality Wheat, Locked Bag No 1345, PO, North Ryde, NSW 3112, Australia
- CSIRO Plant Industry, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - C. W. Wrigley
- CSIRO Plant Industry, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Quality Wheat, Locked Bag No 1345, PO, North Ryde, NSW 3112, Australia
- Corresponding author. E-mail: Phone: 612 9490 8401. Fax: 612 9490 8419
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Boutilier KA, Ginés MJ, DeMoor JM, Huang B, Baszczynski CL, Iyer VN, Miki BL. Expression of the BnmNAP subfamily of napin genes coincides with the induction of Brassica microspore embryogenesis. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1994; 26:1711-23. [PMID: 7858212 DOI: 10.1007/bf00019486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Brassica napus cv. Topas microspores can be diverted from pollen development toward haploid embryo formation in culture by subjecting them to a heat stress treatment. We show that this switch in developmental pathways is accompanied by the induction of high levels of napin seed storage protein gene expression. Changes in the plant growth or microspore culture conditions were not by themselves sufficient to induce napin gene expression. Specific members of the napin multigene family were cloned from a cDNA library prepared from microspores that had been induced to undergo embryogenesis. The majority of napin clones represented three members (BnmNAP2, BnmNAP3 and BnmNAP4) that, along with a previously isolated napin genomic clone (BngNAP1), constitute the highly conserved BnmNAP subfamily of napin genes. Both RNA gel blot analysis, using a subfamily-specific probe, and histochemical analysis of transgenic plants expressing a BngNAP1 promoter-beta-glucuronidase gene fusion demonstrated that the BnmNAP subfamily is expressed in embryogenic microspores as well as during subsequent stages of microsporic embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Boutilier
- Biology Department, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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