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Pelz L, Dogra T, Marichal-Gallardo P, Hein MD, Hemissi G, Kupke SY, Genzel Y, Reichl U. Production of antiviral "OP7 chimera" defective interfering particles free of infectious virus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:97. [PMID: 38229300 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12959-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Defective interfering particles (DIPs) of influenza A virus (IAV) are suggested for use as broad-spectrum antivirals. We discovered a new type of IAV DIP named "OP7" that carries point mutations in its genome segment (Seg) 7 instead of a deletion as in conventional DIPs (cDIPs). Recently, using genetic engineering tools, we generated "OP7 chimera DIPs" that carry point mutations in Seg 7 plus a deletion in Seg 1. Together with cDIPs, OP7 chimera DIPs were produced in shake flasks in the absence of infectious standard virus (STV), rendering UV inactivation unnecessary. However, only part of the virions harvested were OP7 chimera DIPs (78.7%) and total virus titers were relatively low. Here, we describe the establishment of an OP7 chimera DIP production process applicable for large-scale production. To increase total virus titers, we reduced temperature from 37 to 32 °C during virus replication. Production of almost pure OP7 chimera DIP preparations (99.7%) was achieved with a high titer of 3.24 log10(HAU/100 µL). This corresponded to an 11-fold increase relative to the initial process. Next, this process was transferred to a stirred tank bioreactor resulting in comparable yields. Moreover, DIP harvests purified and concentrated by steric exclusion chromatography displayed an increased interfering efficacy in vitro. Finally, a perfusion process with perfusion rate control was established, resulting in a 79-fold increase in total virus yields compared to the original batch process in shake flasks. Again, a very high purity of OP7 chimera DIPs was obtained. This process could thus be an excellent starting point for good manufacturing practice production of DIPs for use as antivirals. KEY POINTS: • Scalable cell culture-based process for highly effective antiviral OP7 chimera DIPs • Production of almost pure OP7 chimera DIPs in the absence of infectious virus • Perfusion mode production and purification train results in very high titers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Pelz
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Bioprocess Engineering, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tanya Dogra
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Bioprocess Engineering, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Pavel Marichal-Gallardo
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Bioprocess Engineering, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Marc Dominique Hein
- Otto Von Guericke University Magdeburg, Bioprocess Engineering, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ghada Hemissi
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Bioprocess Engineering, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Young Kupke
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Bioprocess Engineering, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Yvonne Genzel
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Bioprocess Engineering, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Udo Reichl
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Bioprocess Engineering, Magdeburg, Germany
- Otto Von Guericke University Magdeburg, Bioprocess Engineering, Magdeburg, Germany
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2
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Brachtlova T, Li J, van der Meulen-Muileman IH, Sluiter F, von Meijenfeldt W, Witte I, Massaar S, van den Oever R, de Vrij J, van Beusechem VW. Quantitative Virus-Associated RNA Detection to Monitor Oncolytic Adenovirus Replication. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6551. [PMID: 38928259 PMCID: PMC11203762 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic adenoviruses are in development as immunotherapeutic agents for solid tumors. Their efficacy is in part dependent on their ability to replicate in tumors. It is, however, difficult to obtain evidence for intratumoral oncolytic adenovirus replication if direct access to the tumor is not possible. Detection of systemic adenovirus DNA, which is sometimes used as a proxy, has limited value because it does not distinguish between the product of intratumoral replication and injected virus that did not replicate. Therefore, we investigated if detection of virus-associated RNA (VA RNA) by RT-qPCR on liquid biopsies could be used as an alternative. We found that VA RNA is expressed in adenovirus-infected cells in a replication-dependent manner and is secreted by these cells in association with extracellular vesicles. This allowed VA RNA detection in the peripheral blood of a preclinical in vivo model carrying adenovirus-injected human tumors and on liquid biopsies from a human clinical trial. Our results confirm that VA RNA detection in liquid biopsies can be used for minimally invasive assessment of oncolytic adenovirus replication in solid tumors in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Brachtlova
- Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (T.B.); (J.L.)
- ORCA Therapeutics BV, 5223 DE ‘s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jing Li
- Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (T.B.); (J.L.)
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ida H. van der Meulen-Muileman
- Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (T.B.); (J.L.)
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Femke Sluiter
- Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (T.B.); (J.L.)
| | - Willem von Meijenfeldt
- Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (T.B.); (J.L.)
| | - Isabella Witte
- Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (T.B.); (J.L.)
| | - Sanne Massaar
- Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (T.B.); (J.L.)
| | | | - Jeroen de Vrij
- Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- ExoVectory BV, Biopartner 2 Building, 2333 CH Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Victor W. van Beusechem
- Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (T.B.); (J.L.)
- ORCA Therapeutics BV, 5223 DE ‘s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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Shen CF, Rodenbrock A, Lanthier S, Burney E, Loignon M. Optimization of Culture Media and Feeding Strategy for High Titer Production of an Adenoviral Vector in HEK 293 Fed-Batch Culture. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:524. [PMID: 38793775 PMCID: PMC11125598 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Adenoviruses are efficient and safe vectors for delivering target antigens and adenovirus-based vaccines have been used against a wide variety of pathogens, including tuberculosis and COVID-19. Cost-effective and scalable biomanufacturing processes are critical for the commercialization of adenovirus-vectored vaccines. Adenoviral vectors are commonly produced through the infection of batch cultures at low cell density cultures, mostly because infections at high cell densities result in reduced cell-specific virus productivity and does not improve volumetric productivity. In this study, we have investigated the feasibility of improving the volumetric productivity by infecting fed-batch cultures at high cell densities. Four commercial and one in-house developed serum-free media were first tested for supporting growth of HEK 293 cells and production of adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) in batch culture. Two best media were then selected for development of fed-batch culture to improve cell growth and virus productivity. A maximum viable cell density up to 16 × 106 cells/mL was achieved in shake flask fed-batch cultures using the selected media and commercial or in-house developed feeds. The volumetric virus productivity was improved by up to six folds, reaching 3.0 × 1010 total viral particles/mL in the fed-batch culture cultivated with the media and feeds developed in house and infected at a cell density of 5 × 106 cells/mL. Additional rounds of optimization of media and feed were required to maintain the improved titer when the fed-batch culture was scaled up in a bench scale (3 L) bioreactor. Overall, the results suggested that fed-batch culture is a simple and feasible process to significantly improve the volumetric productivity of Ad5 through optimization and balance of nutrients in culture media and feeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Fang Shen
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada
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4
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Kurashina Y, Kurihara S, Kubota T, Takatsuka S, Hirabayashi M, Shimmura H, Miyahara H, Hioki A, Matsushita Y, Muramatsu J, Ogawa Y, Fujioka M, Okano HJ, Onoe H. Adeno-Associated Virus-Encapsulated Alginate Microspheres Loaded in Collagen Gel Carriers for Localized Gene Transfer. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303546. [PMID: 38224572 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
This work reports localized in vivo gene transfer by biodegradation of the adeno-associated virus-encapsulating alginate microspheres (AAV-AMs) loaded in collagen gel carriers. AAV-AMs are centrifugally synthesized by ejecting a mixed pre-gel solution of alginate and AAV to CaCl2 solution to form an ionically cross-linked hydrogel microsphere immediately. The AAV-AMs are able to preserve the AAV without diffusing out even after spreading them on the cells, and the AAV is released and transfected by the degradation of the alginate microsphere. In addition, AAV-AMs can be stored by cryopreservation until use. By implanting this highly convenient AAV-encapsulated hydrogel, AAV-AMs can be loaded into collagen gel carriers to fix the position of the implanted AAV-AMs and achieve localized gene transfer in vivo. In vivo experiments show that the AAV-AMs loaded in collagen gel carriers are demonstrated to release the encapsulated AAV for gene transfer in the buttocks muscles of mice. While conventional injections caused gene transfer to the entire surrounding tissue, the biodegradation of AAV-AMs shows that gene transfer is achieved locally to the muscles. This means that the proposed AAV-loaded system is shown to be a superior method for selective gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Kurashina
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
- Division of Advanced Mechanical Systems Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei-shi, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Sho Kurihara
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishishimbashi Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishishimbashi Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kubota
- School of Integrated Design Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Shuhei Takatsuka
- School of Integrated Design Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Motoki Hirabayashi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishishimbashi Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishishimbashi Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Hajime Shimmura
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishishimbashi Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishishimbashi Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Hideo Miyahara
- School of Integrated Design Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Aiki Hioki
- School of Integrated Design Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yutaka Matsushita
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishishimbashi Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishishimbashi Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Jumpei Muramatsu
- School of Integrated Design Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yuki Ogawa
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishishimbashi Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Masato Fujioka
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Keio University Hospital, 35 Shinanomachi Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hirotaka J Okano
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishishimbashi Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Onoe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
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5
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Nie J, Ren H, Sun Y, Li Y, Zhang Y, Bai Z. Application of Multivariate Data Analysis on Historical Recombinant Adenovirus Zoster Vaccine Production Data for Upstream Process Improvements. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:1168-1176. [PMID: 38447668 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, multivariate data analysis (MVDA) has been widely used for process characterization and fault diagnosis in the biopharmaceutical industry. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of using MVDA for the development and scale-up of a perfusion process for HEK293 cell-based recombinant adenovirus zoster vaccine (Ad-HER) production. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) results suggested comparable performance among the ATF, PATFP, and BFP perfusion systems in benchtop-scale stirred-tank bioreactor (STR). Then a Batch Evolution Model (BEM) was built using representative data from 10 L STR with a BFP system to assess the Ad-HER perfusion process performance at pilot-scale bioreactor (50 L STR and 50 L wave bioreactor). Furthermore, another BEM model and Batch Level Model (BLM) were built to monitor process parameters over time and predict the final adenovirus titer in 50 L wave bioreactor. The loading plot revealed that lactate dehydrogenase activity, viable cell diameter, and base-added during the virus production phase could be used as preliminary indicators of adenovirus yield. Finally, an adenovirus titer of 2.0±0.3×1010 IFU/mL was achieved in the 50 L wave bioreactor with BFP system, highlighting the robustness of the Ad-HER perfusion process at pilot-scale. Overall, this study emphasizes the effectiveness of MVDA as a tool for advancing the understanding of recombinant adenovirus vaccine perfusion production process development and scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqi Nie
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - He Ren
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yang Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Ye Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Zhonghu Bai
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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6
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Petrović Koshmak I, Jug H, Vrabec K, Mavri A, Novak V, Dekleva P, Fujs V, Leskovec M, Štrancar A. Bridging upstream and downstream for improved adenovirus 5 bioprocess. Electrophoresis 2024; 45:369-379. [PMID: 38059740 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Adenoviruses are well-known viral vectors that have been previously used in gene therapy and as a vaccine-delivery vehicle for humans and animals. During the COVID-19 pandemic, it gained renewed attention, but at the same time, it raised concerns due to side effects observed with some of the resulting vaccines administered to patients. It has been indicated that these side effects might be attributed to impurities present in the final product. Therefore, constant enhancement of the vaccine purity and further improvement of impurity detection methods are needed. In this work, we showcase an example of industry-relevant adenovirus bioprocess optimization. Our data show the effect of upstream parameters on the bioburden introduced to the downstream process. We provide an example of process optimization using a combination of the PATfix analytical method, ddPCR, infectivity, total DNA, and total protein analyses to optimize cell density, multiplicity of infection, and length of production. Additionally, we provide data illustrating the robustness of the convective interaction media quaternary amine monolithic chromatography step. This anion exchange strategy was shown to remove over 99% of protein and DNA impurities, including those unable to be addressed by tangential flow filtration, while maintaining high adenovirus recoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hana Jug
- Sartorius BIA Separations, Mirce, Ajdovščina, Slovenia
| | - Katja Vrabec
- Sartorius BIA Separations, Mirce, Ajdovščina, Slovenia
| | - Ana Mavri
- Sartorius BIA Separations, Mirce, Ajdovščina, Slovenia
| | | | - Petra Dekleva
- Sartorius BIA Separations, Mirce, Ajdovščina, Slovenia
| | - Veronika Fujs
- Sartorius BIA Separations, Mirce, Ajdovščina, Slovenia
| | - Maja Leskovec
- Sartorius BIA Separations, Mirce, Ajdovščina, Slovenia
| | - Aleš Štrancar
- Sartorius BIA Separations, Mirce, Ajdovščina, Slovenia
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7
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Göbel S, Pelz L, Silva CAT, Brühlmann B, Hill C, Altomonte J, Kamen A, Reichl U, Genzel Y. Production of recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus-based vectors by tangential flow depth filtration. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:240. [PMID: 38413399 PMCID: PMC10899354 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13078-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Cell culture-based production of vector-based vaccines and virotherapeutics is of increasing interest. The vectors used not only retain their ability to infect cells but also induce robust immune responses. Using two recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV)-based constructs, we performed a proof-of-concept study regarding an integrated closed single-use perfusion system that allows continuous virus harvesting and clarification. Using suspension BHK-21 cells and a fusogenic oncolytic hybrid of vesicular stomatitis virus and Newcastle disease virus (rVSV-NDV), a modified alternating tangential flow device (mATF) or tangential flow depth filtration (TFDF) systems were used for cell retention. As the hollow fibers of the former are characterized by a large internal lumen (0.75 mm; pore size 0.65 μm), membrane blocking by the multi-nucleated syncytia formed during infection could be prevented. However, virus particles were completely retained. In contrast, the TFDF filter unit (lumen 3.15 mm, pore size 2-5 μm) allowed not only to achieve high viable cell concentrations (VCC, 16.4-20.6×106 cells/mL) but also continuous vector harvesting and clarification. Compared to an optimized batch process, 11-fold higher infectious virus titers were obtained in the clarified permeate (maximum 7.5×109 TCID50/mL). Using HEK293-SF cells and a rVSV vector expressing a green fluorescent protein, perfusion cultivations resulted in a maximum VCC of 11.3×106 cells/mL and infectious virus titers up to 7.1×1010 TCID50/mL in the permeate. Not only continuous harvesting but also clarification was possible. Although the cell-specific virus yield decreased relative to a batch process established as a control, an increased space-time yield was obtained. KEY POINTS: • Viral vector production using a TFDF perfusion system resulted in a 460% increase in space-time yield • Use of a TFDF system allowed continuous virus harvesting and clarification • TFDF perfusion system has great potential towards the establishment of an intensified vector production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Göbel
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstr. 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lars Pelz
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstr. 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Cristina A T Silva
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | - Jennifer Altomonte
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Amine Kamen
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Udo Reichl
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstr. 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
- Chair for Bioprocess Engineering, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Yvonne Genzel
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstr. 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany.
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8
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Joe CCD, Segireddy RR, Oliveira C, Berg A, Li Y, Doultsinos D, Scholze S, Ahmad A, Nestola P, Niemann J, Douglas AD. Accelerated and intensified manufacturing of an adenovirus-vectored vaccine to enable rapid outbreak response. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:176-191. [PMID: 37747758 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations' "100-day moonshot" aspires to launch a new vaccine within 100 days of pathogen identification, followed by large-scale vaccine availability within the "second hundred days." Here, we describe work to optimize adenoviral vector manufacturing for rapid response, by minimizing time to clinical trial and first large-scale supply, and maximizing output from the available manufacturing footprint. We describe a rapid virus seed expansion workflow that allows vaccine release to clinical trials within 60 days of antigen sequence identification, followed by vaccine release from globally distributed sites within a further 40 days. We also describe a perfusion-based upstream production process, designed to maximize output while retaining simplicity and suitability for existing manufacturing facilities. This improves upstream volumetric productivity of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 by approximately fourfold and remains compatible with the existing downstream process, yielding drug substance sufficient for 10,000 doses from each liter of bioreactor capacity. This accelerated manufacturing process, along with other advantages such as thermal stability, supports the ongoing value of adenovirus-vectored vaccines as a rapidly adaptable and deployable platform for emergency response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina C D Joe
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Cathy Oliveira
- Clinical Biomanufacturing Facility, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Adam Berg
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dimitrios Doultsinos
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Asma Ahmad
- Repligen Corporation, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Alexander D Douglas
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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9
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Sedighikamal H, Sattarzadeh A, Karimi Mostofi R, Dinarvand B, Nazarpour M. High-Titer Recombinant Adenovirus 26 Vector GMP Manufacturing in HEK 293 Cells with a Stirred Single-Use Bioreactor for COVID-19 Vaccination Purposes. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:36720-36728. [PMID: 37841195 PMCID: PMC10568722 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 virus) pandemic has shown the importance of pursuing various vaccine manufacturing strategies. In the present study, the HEK 293 cells were infected with recombinant adenovirus serotype 26 (rAd26), and the effects of critical process parameters (CPPs) including viable cell density (VCD) at infection time (0.5 × 106, 0.8 × 106, 1.4 × 106, 1.8 × 106, and 2.5 × 106 cells/mL), the multiplicity of infection (MOI) = 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15, and two aeration strategies (high-speed agitation with a sparging system and low-speed agitation with an overlay system) were investigated experimentally. The results of small-scale experiments in 2 L shake flasks (SF 2L) demonstrated that the initial VCD and MOI could affect the cell proliferation and viability. The results at these experiments showed that VCD = 1.4 × 106 cells/mL and MOI = 9 yielded TCID50 /mL = 108.9, at 72 h post-infection (hpi), while the virus titer at VCD = 0.5 × 106 and 0.8 × 106 cells/mL was lower compared to that of VCD = 1.4 × 106 cells/mL. Moreover, our findings showed that VCDs > 1.8 × 106 cells/m with MOI = 9 did not have a positive effect on TCID50 /mL and MOI = 3 and 6 were less efficient, whereas MOI > 12 decreased the viability drastically. In the next step, the optimized CPPs in a small scale were exploited in a 200 L single-use bioreactor (SUB), with good manufacturing practice (GMP) conditions, at RPM = 25 with an overlay system, yielding high-titer rAd26 manufacturing, i.e., TCID50/mL = 108.9, at 72 hpi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Sedighikamal
- API
Production Plant, Actoverco Biotech Company, Alborz 331325489, Iran
- Division
of Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11365-11155, Iran
| | | | - Reza Karimi Mostofi
- API
Production Plant, Actoverco Biotech Company, Alborz 331325489, Iran
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran
University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 8741253641, Iran
| | | | - Madineh Nazarpour
- API
Production Plant, Actoverco Biotech Company, Alborz 331325489, Iran
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10
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Dekevic G, Tertel T, Tasto L, Schmidt D, Giebel B, Czermak P, Salzig D. A Bioreactor-Based Yellow Fever Virus-like Particle Production Process with Integrated Process Analytical Technology Based on Transient Transfection. Viruses 2023; 15:2013. [PMID: 37896790 PMCID: PMC10612092 DOI: 10.3390/v15102013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Yellow Fever (YF) is a severe disease that, while preventable through vaccination, lacks rapid intervention options for those already infected. There is an urgent need for passive immunization techniques using YF-virus-like particles (YF-VLPs). To address this, we successfully established a bioreactor-based production process for YF-VLPs, leveraging transient transfection and integrating Process Analytical Technology. A cornerstone of this approach was the optimization of plasmid DNA (pDNA) production to a yield of 11 mg/L using design of experiments. Glucose, NaCl, yeast extract, and a phosphate buffer showed significant influence on specific pDNA yield. The preliminary work for VLP-production in bioreactor showed adjustments to the HEK cell density, the polyplex formation duration, and medium exchanges effectively elevated transfection efficiencies. The additive Pluronic F-68 was neutral in its effects, and anti-clumping agents (ACA) adversely affected the transfection process. Finally, we established the stirred-tank bioreactor process with integrated dielectric spectroscopy, which gave real-time insight in relevant process steps, e.g., cell growth, polyplex uptake, and harvest time. We confirmed the presence and integrity of YF-VLP via Western blot, imaging flow cytometry measurement, and transmission electron microscopy. The YF-VLP production process can serve as a platform to produce VLPs as passive immunizing agents against other neglected tropical diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Dekevic
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Wiesenstrasse 14, 35390 Giessen, Germany; (G.D.); (L.T.); (D.S.); (P.C.)
| | - Tobias Tertel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstrasse 179, 45147 Essen, Germany; (T.T.); (B.G.)
| | - Lars Tasto
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Wiesenstrasse 14, 35390 Giessen, Germany; (G.D.); (L.T.); (D.S.); (P.C.)
| | - Deborah Schmidt
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Wiesenstrasse 14, 35390 Giessen, Germany; (G.D.); (L.T.); (D.S.); (P.C.)
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstrasse 179, 45147 Essen, Germany; (T.T.); (B.G.)
| | - Peter Czermak
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Wiesenstrasse 14, 35390 Giessen, Germany; (G.D.); (L.T.); (D.S.); (P.C.)
- Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Denise Salzig
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Wiesenstrasse 14, 35390 Giessen, Germany; (G.D.); (L.T.); (D.S.); (P.C.)
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11
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Göbel S, Jaén KE, Dorn M, Neumeyer V, Jordan I, Sandig V, Reichl U, Altomonte J, Genzel Y. Process intensification strategies toward cell culture-based high-yield production of a fusogenic oncolytic virus. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:2639-2657. [PMID: 36779302 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
We present a proof-of-concept study for production of a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV)-based fusogenic oncolytic virus (OV), rVSV-Newcastle disease virus (NDV), at high cell densities (HCD). Based on comprehensive experiments in 1 L stirred tank reactors (STRs) in batch mode, first optimization studies at HCD were carried out in semi-perfusion in small-scale cultivations using shake flasks. Further, a perfusion process was established using an acoustic settler for cell retention. Growth, production yields, and process-related impurities were evaluated for three candidate cell lines (AGE1.CR, BHK-21, HEK293SF)infected at densities ranging from 15 to 30 × 106 cells/mL. The acoustic settler allowed continuous harvesting of rVSV-NDV with high cell retention efficiencies (above 97%) and infectious virus titers (up to 2.4 × 109 TCID50 /mL), more than 4-100 times higher than for optimized batch processes. No decrease in cell-specific virus yield (CSVY) was observed at HCD, regardless of the cell substrate. Taking into account the accumulated number of virions both from the harvest and bioreactor, a 15-30 fold increased volumetric virus productivity for AGE1.CR and HEK293SF was obtained compared to batch processes performed at the same scale. In contrast to all previous findings, formation of syncytia was observed at HCD for the suspension cells BHK 21 and HEK293SF. Oncolytic potency was not affected compared to production in batch mode. Overall, our study describes promising options for the establishment of perfusion processes for efficient large-scale manufacturing of fusogenic rVSV-NDV at HCD for all three candidate cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Göbel
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Karim E Jaén
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munchen, Germany
| | - Marie Dorn
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
- Faculty of Process and Systems Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Victoria Neumeyer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munchen, Germany
| | | | | | - Udo Reichl
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
- Chair for Bioprocess Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Altomonte
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munchen, Germany
| | - Yvonne Genzel
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
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12
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Chu W, Shastry S, Barbieri E, Prodromou R, Greback-Clarke P, Smith W, Moore B, Kilgore R, Cummings C, Pancorbo J, Gilleskie G, Daniele MA, Menegatti S. Peptide ligands for the affinity purification of adeno-associated viruses from HEK 293 cell lysates. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:2283-2300. [PMID: 37435968 PMCID: PMC10440015 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are the vector of choice for delivering gene therapies that can cure inherited and acquired diseases. Clinical research on various AAV serotypes significantly increased in recent years alongside regulatory approvals of AAV-based therapies. The current AAV purification platform hinges on the capture step, for which several affinity resins are commercially available. These adsorbents rely on protein ligands-typically camelid antibodies-that provide high binding capacity and selectivity, but suffer from low biochemical stability and high cost, and impose harsh elution conditions (pH < 3) that can harm the transduction activity of recovered AAVs. Addressing these challenges, this study introduces peptide ligands that selectively capture AAVs and release them under mild conditions (pH = 6.0). The peptide sequences were identified by screening a focused library and modeled in silico against AAV serotypes 2 and 9 (AAV2 and AAV9) to select candidate ligands that target homologous sites at the interface of the VP1-VP2 and VP2-VP3 virion proteins with mild binding strength (KD ~ 10-5 -10- 6 M). Selected peptides were conjugated to Toyopearl resin and evaluated via binding studies against AAV2 and AAV9, demonstrating the ability to target both serotypes with values of dynamic binding capacity (DBC10% > 1013 vp/mL of resin) and product yields (~50%-80%) on par with commercial adsorbents. The peptide-based adsorbents were finally utilized to purify AAV2 from a HEK 293 cell lysate, affording high recovery (50%-80%), 80- to 400-fold reduction of host cell proteins (HCPs), and high transduction activity (up to 80%) of the purified viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenning Chu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shriarjun Shastry
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Eduardo Barbieri
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Raphael Prodromou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Paul Greback-Clarke
- Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Will Smith
- Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brandyn Moore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ryan Kilgore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christopher Cummings
- Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jennifer Pancorbo
- Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gary Gilleskie
- Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael A Daniele
- North Carolina Viral Vector Initiative in Research and Learning (NC-VVIRAL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stefano Menegatti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- North Carolina Viral Vector Initiative in Research and Learning (NC-VVIRAL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- LigaTrap Technologies LLC, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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13
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Karamali F, Behtaj S, Babaei-Abraki S, Hadady H, Atefi A, Savoj S, Soroushzadeh S, Najafian S, Nasr Esfahani MH, Klassen H. Potential therapeutic strategies for photoreceptor degeneration: the path to restore vision. J Transl Med 2022; 20:572. [PMID: 36476500 PMCID: PMC9727916 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03738-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoreceptors (PRs), as the most abundant and light-sensing cells of the neuroretina, are responsible for converting light into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the brain. PR degeneration, including morphological and functional impairment of these cells, causes significant diminution of the retina's ability to detect light, with consequent loss of vision. Recent findings in ocular regenerative medicine have opened promising avenues to apply neuroprotective therapy, gene therapy, cell replacement therapy, and visual prostheses to the challenge of restoring vision. However, successful visual restoration in the clinical setting requires application of these therapeutic approaches at the appropriate stage of the retinal degeneration. In this review, firstly, we discuss the mechanisms of PR degeneration by focusing on the molecular mechanisms underlying cell death. Subsequently, innovations, recent developments, and promising treatments based on the stage of disorder progression are further explored. Then, the challenges to be addressed before implementation of these therapies in clinical practice are considered. Finally, potential solutions to overcome the current limitations of this growing research area are suggested. Overall, the majority of current treatment modalities are still at an early stage of development and require extensive additional studies, both pre-clinical and clinical, before full restoration of visual function in PR degeneration diseases can be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Karamali
- grid.417689.5Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sanaz Behtaj
- grid.1022.10000 0004 0437 5432Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia ,grid.1022.10000 0004 0437 5432Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222 Australia
| | - Shahnaz Babaei-Abraki
- grid.417689.5Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hanieh Hadady
- grid.417689.5Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Atefeh Atefi
- grid.417689.5Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Soraya Savoj
- grid.417689.5Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sareh Soroushzadeh
- grid.417689.5Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Samaneh Najafian
- grid.417689.5Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr Esfahani
- grid.417689.5Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Henry Klassen
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Irvine, CA USA
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14
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Nie J, Sun Y, Ren H, Huang L, Feng K, Li Y, Bai Z. Optimization of an adenovirus-vectored zoster vaccine production process with chemically defined medium and a perfusion system. Biotechnol Lett 2022; 44:1347-1358. [PMID: 36183022 PMCID: PMC9526465 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-022-03302-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cells grown in chemically defined medium are sensitive to shear force, potentially resulting in decreased cell growth. We optimized the perfusion process for HEK293 cell-based recombinant adenovirus-vectored zoster vaccine (Ad-HER) production with chemically defined medium. METHODS We first studied the pseudo-continuous strategies in shake flasks as a mimic of the bioreactor equipped with perfusion systems. Using design of experiment (DoE) in shake flasks, we obtained the regression models between Ad-HER titer/virus input-output ratio and three production process parameters: time of infection (TOI), multiplicity of infection (MOI), and virus production pH (pH). We then confirmed the effect of Pluronic F68 (PF-68) at 3.0 g/L on HEK293 cell growth and Ad-HER production in shake flasks and a 2 L benchtop bioreactor. RESULTS The optimized process was scale-up to a 2 L benchtop bioreactor with the PATFP perfusion system, which yielded cell density of 7.4 × 106 cells/mL and Ad-HER titer of 9.8 × 109 IFU/mL at 2 dpi, comparable to the bioreactor with a ATF2 system. CONCLUSION This optimization strategy could be used to develop a robust process with stable cell culture performance and adenovirus titer. Increasing PF-68 concentration in chemically defined medium could protect cells from shear stress generated by perfusion system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqi Nie
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Institute of Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- Engineering Research Center for Applied Microbiology of Henan Province, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - He Ren
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Lingling Huang
- Institute of Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- Engineering Research Center for Applied Microbiology of Henan Province, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Kai Feng
- Institute of Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- Engineering Research Center for Applied Microbiology of Henan Province, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Ye Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Zhonghu Bai
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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15
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Lavado-García J, Pérez-Rubio P, Cervera L, Gòdia F. The cell density effect in animal cell-based bioprocessing: Questions, insights and perspectives. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 60:108017. [PMID: 35809763 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
One of the main challenges in the development of bioprocesses based on cell transient expression is the commonly reported reduction of cell specific productivity at increasing cell densities. This is generally known as the cell density effect (CDE). Many efforts have been devoted to understanding the cell metabolic implications to this phenomenon in an attempt to design operational strategies to overcome it. A comprehensive analysis of the main studies regarding the CDE is provided in this work to better define the elements comprising its cause and impact. Then, examples of methodologies and approaches employed to achieve successful transient expression at high cell densities (HCD) are thoroughly reviewed. A critical assessment of the limitations of the reported studies in the understanding of the CDE is presented, covering the leading hypothesis of the molecular implications. The overall analysis of previous work on CDE may offer useful insights for further research into manufacturing of biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Lavado-García
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cel·lular i Bioprocessos, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Pol Pérez-Rubio
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cel·lular i Bioprocessos, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Cervera
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cel·lular i Bioprocessos, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Gòdia
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cel·lular i Bioprocessos, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Shupe J, Zhang A, Odenwelder DC, Dobrowsky T. Gene therapy: challenges in cell culture scale-up. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 75:102721. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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17
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The efficient development of a novel recombinant adenovirus zoster vaccine perfusion production process. Vaccine 2022; 40:2036-2043. [PMID: 35216843 PMCID: PMC8863426 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The adenovirus vector vaccines induce humoral and cellular immune responses and have been used to develop vaccines for effective prevention of life-threating viruses, such as Ebola and Coronaviruses. High demand of vaccines worldwide requires optimization of the production process. Perfusion process increases cell concentration and volumetric productivity, so that it becomes the commonly used strategy in vaccine production In this study, we optimized and developed a perfusion process for the adenovirus-based zoster vaccine production efficiently. We first tested different perfusion strategies in shake flasks, showing semi-continuous strategies for optimal HEK 293 cell growth. We then evaluated three empirical key process parameters (cell concentration at the time of infection (VCC), multiplicity of infection (MOI), virus production pH) by the design of experiment (DoE) method, from which the robust setpoint (VCC 1.04 × 107 cells/mL, MOI 9, and virus production pH 7.17) was confirmed in both shake flask and 2 L benchtop bioreactor. In the bioreactor, we compared the performances of two perfusion systems, the commercially-available XCell ATF® system and a novel peristaltic pump-driven alternating tangential flow perfusion system (PATFP system) that we developed. During cell cultivation stage, both perfusion systems have comparable performances regarding viable cell concentration and cell viability. At 2 dpi, the PATFP system resulted in an adenovirus titer of 2.1 × 1010 IFU/mL and cell-specific virus yield of 2,062 IFU/cell, reaching 75% and 77% of values for XCell ATF® system. This study demonstrates the perfusion process to be superior strategy for adenovirus-based vaccine production compared to the batch-mode strategy (1,467 IFU/cell). Furthermore, our PATFP system shows potential to be comparable to the XCell ATF® system, and it would become an alternative perfusion strategy for the vaccine production.
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18
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Cooney AL, Wambach JA, Sinn PL, McCray PB. Gene Therapy Potential for Genetic Disorders of Surfactant Dysfunction. Front Genome Ed 2022; 3:785829. [PMID: 35098209 PMCID: PMC8798122 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2021.785829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary surfactant is critically important to prevent atelectasis by lowering the surface tension of the alveolar lining liquid. While respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is common in premature infants, severe RDS in term and late preterm infants suggests an underlying genetic etiology. Pathogenic variants in the genes encoding key components of pulmonary surfactant including surfactant protein B (SP-B, SFTPB gene), surfactant protein C (SP-C, SFTPC gene), and the ATP-Binding Cassette transporter A3 (ABCA3, ABCA3 gene) result in severe neonatal RDS or childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD). These proteins play essential roles in pulmonary surfactant biogenesis and are expressed in alveolar epithelial type II cells (AEC2), the progenitor cell of the alveolar epithelium. SP-B deficiency most commonly presents in the neonatal period with severe RDS and requires lung transplantation for survival. SFTPC mutations act in an autosomal dominant fashion and more commonly presents with chILD or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis than neonatal RDS. ABCA3 deficiency often presents as neonatal RDS or chILD. Gene therapy is a promising option to treat monogenic lung diseases. Successes and challenges in developing gene therapies for genetic disorders of surfactant dysfunction include viral vector design and tropism for target cell types. In this review, we explore adeno-associated virus (AAV), lentiviral, and adenoviral (Ad)-based vectors as delivery vehicles. Both gene addition and gene editing strategies are compared to best design treatments for lung diseases resulting from pathogenic variants in the SFTPB, SFTPC, and ABCA3 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L. Cooney
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute and the Center for Gene Therapy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- *Correspondence: Ashley L. Cooney,
| | - Jennifer A. Wambach
- Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Patrick L. Sinn
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute and the Center for Gene Therapy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Paul B. McCray
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute and the Center for Gene Therapy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
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19
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Joe CCD, Jiang J, Linke T, Li Y, Fedosyuk S, Gupta G, Berg A, Segireddy RR, Mainwaring D, Joshi A, Cashen P, Rees B, Chopra N, Nestola P, Humphreys J, Davies S, Smith N, Bruce S, Verbart D, Bormans D, Knevelman C, Woodyer M, Davies L, Cooper L, Kapanidou M, Bleckwenn N, Pappas D, Lambe T, Smith DC, Green CM, Venkat R, Ritchie AJ, Gilbert SC, Turner R, Douglas AD. Manufacturing a chimpanzee adenovirus-vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccine to meet global needs. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:48-58. [PMID: 34585736 PMCID: PMC8653296 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Manufacturing has been the key factor limiting rollout of vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic, requiring rapid development and large-scale implementation of novel manufacturing technologies. ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222, Vaxzevria) is an efficacious vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, based upon an adenovirus vector. We describe the development of a process for the production of this vaccine and others based upon the same platform, including novel features to facilitate very large-scale production. We discuss the process economics and the "distributed manufacturing" approach we have taken to provide the vaccine at globally-relevant scale and with international security of supply. Together, these approaches have enabled the largest viral vector manufacturing campaign to date, providing a substantial proportion of global COVID-19 vaccine supply at low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina C. D. Joe
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Jenner InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Jinlin Jiang
- Biopharmaceuticals DevelopmentR&D, AstraZenecaGaithersburgMarylandUSA
| | - Thomas Linke
- Biopharmaceuticals DevelopmentR&D, AstraZenecaGaithersburgMarylandUSA
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Jenner InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Sofiya Fedosyuk
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Jenner InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Jenner InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Adam Berg
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Jenner InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nicole Bleckwenn
- Biopharmaceuticals DevelopmentR&D, AstraZenecaGaithersburgMarylandUSA
| | - Daniel Pappas
- Biopharmaceuticals DevelopmentR&D, AstraZenecaGaithersburgMarylandUSA
| | - Teresa Lambe
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Jenner InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | | - Catherine M. Green
- Clinical Biomanufacturing Facility, Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Raghavan Venkat
- Biopharmaceuticals DevelopmentR&D, AstraZenecaGaithersburgMarylandUSA
| | - Adam J. Ritchie
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Jenner InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Sarah C. Gilbert
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Jenner InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Richard Turner
- Purification Process Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals DevelopmentR&D, AstraZenecaCambridgeUK
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20
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Rodrigues AF, Fernandes P, Laske T, Castro R, Alves PM, Genzel Y, Coroadinha AS. Cell Bank Origin of MDCK Parental Cells Shapes Adaptation to Serum-Free Suspension Culture and Canine Adenoviral Vector Production. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6111. [PMID: 32854295 PMCID: PMC7504089 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic variation in cultured mammalian cell lines is known to be induced by passaging and culture conditions. Yet, the effect these variations have on the production of viral vectors has been overlooked. In this work we evaluated the impact of using Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) parental cells from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) or European Collection of Authenticated Cell Cultures (ECACC) cell bank repositories in both adherent and suspension cultures for the production of canine adenoviral vectors type 2 (CAV-2). To further explore the differences between cells, we conducted whole-genome transcriptome analysis. ECACC's MDCK showed to be a less heterogeneous population, more difficult to adapt to suspension and serum-free culture conditions, but more permissive to CAV-2 replication progression, enabling higher yields. Transcriptome data indicated that this increased permissiveness is due to a general down-regulation of biological networks of innate immunity in ECACC cells, including apoptosis and death receptor signaling, Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling, toll-like receptors signaling and the canonical pathway of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling. These results show the impact of MDCK source on the outcome of viral-based production processes further elucidating transcriptome signatures underlying enhanced adenoviral replication. Following functional validation, the genes and networks identified herein can be targeted in future engineering approaches aiming at improving the production of CAV-2 gene therapy vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Filipa Rodrigues
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (A.F.R.); (P.F.); (T.L.); (R.C.); (P.M.A.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Paulo Fernandes
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (A.F.R.); (P.F.); (T.L.); (R.C.); (P.M.A.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Tanja Laske
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (A.F.R.); (P.F.); (T.L.); (R.C.); (P.M.A.)
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstr. 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Rute Castro
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (A.F.R.); (P.F.); (T.L.); (R.C.); (P.M.A.)
| | - Paula Marques Alves
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (A.F.R.); (P.F.); (T.L.); (R.C.); (P.M.A.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Yvonne Genzel
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstr. 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Ana Sofia Coroadinha
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (A.F.R.); (P.F.); (T.L.); (R.C.); (P.M.A.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
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21
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Mahdinloo S, Kiaie SH, Amiri A, Hemmati S, Valizadeh H, Zakeri-Milani P. Efficient drug and gene delivery to liver fibrosis: rationale, recent advances, and perspectives. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:1279-1293. [PMID: 32874828 PMCID: PMC7451940 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis results from chronic damages together with an accumulation of extracellular matrix, and no specific medical therapy is approved for that until now. Due to liver metabolic capacity for drugs, the fragility of drugs, and the presence of insurmountable physiological obstacles in the way of targeting, the development of efficient drug delivery systems for anti-fibrotics seems vital. We have explored articles with a different perspective on liver fibrosis over the two decades, then collected and summarized the information by providing corresponding in vitro and in vivo cases. We have discussed the mechanism of hepatic fibrogenesis with different ways of fibrosis induction in animals. Furthermore, the critical chemical and herbal anti-fibrotics, biological molecules such as micro-RNAs, siRNAs, and growth factors, which can affect cell division and differentiation, are mentioned. Likewise, drug and gene delivery and therapeutic systems on in vitro and in vivo models are summarized in the data tables. This review article enlightens recent advances in emerging drugs and nanocarriers and represents perspectives on targeting strategies employed in liver fibrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Mahdinloo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Kiaie
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
| | - Ala Amiri
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran 1477893855, Iran
| | - Salar Hemmati
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
| | - Hadi Valizadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
| | - Parvin Zakeri-Milani
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
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22
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Moreira AS, Silva AC, Sousa MFQ, Hagner-McWhirterc Å, Ahlénc G, Lundgren M, Coroadinha AS, Alves PM, Peixoto C, Carrondo MJT. Establishing Suspension Cell Cultures for Improved Manufacturing of Oncolytic Adenovirus. Biotechnol J 2020; 15:e1900411. [PMID: 31950598 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201900411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent clinical trials have shown the potential of oncolytic adenoviruses as a cancer immunotherapy. A successful transition of oncolytic adenovirus to clinical applications requires efficient and good manufacturing practice compatible production and purification bioprocesses. Suspension cultures are preferable for virus production as they can reduce process costs and increase product quality and consistency. This work describes the adaptation of the A549 cell line to suspension culture in serum-reduced medium validated by oncolytic adenovirus production in stirred tank bioreactor. Cell concentrations up to 3 × 106 cells mL-1 are obtained during the production process. At harvest 1.4 × 1010 infectious particles mL-1 and 6.9 ± 1.1 × 1010 viral genome mL-1 are obtained corresponding to a viral genome: infectious particles ratio of 5.2 (± 1.9): 1 confirming the virus quality. Overall, the suspension characteristics of these A549 cells support an easily scalable, less time-consuming, and more cost-effective process for expanded success in the use of oncolytic viruses for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Moreira
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Av. da República, Oeiras, 2780-157, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, Oeiras, 2775-412, Portugal
| | - Ana Carina Silva
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Av. da República, Oeiras, 2780-157, Portugal
| | - Marcos F Q Sousa
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Av. da República, Oeiras, 2780-157, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, Oeiras, 2775-412, Portugal
| | | | - Gustaf Ahlénc
- GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences AB, Björkgatan 30, 751 84, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Lundgren
- GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences AB, Björkgatan 30, 751 84, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ana S Coroadinha
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Av. da República, Oeiras, 2780-157, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, Oeiras, 2775-412, Portugal
| | - Paula M Alves
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Av. da República, Oeiras, 2780-157, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, Oeiras, 2775-412, Portugal
| | - Cristina Peixoto
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Av. da República, Oeiras, 2780-157, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, Oeiras, 2775-412, Portugal
| | - Manuel J T Carrondo
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Av. da República, Oeiras, 2780-157, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, Oeiras, 2775-412, Portugal
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23
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Gast M, Wondany F, Raabe B, Michaelis J, Sobek H, Mizaikoff B. Use of Super-Resolution Optical Microscopy To Reveal Direct Virus Binding at Hybrid Core–Shell Matrixes. Anal Chem 2020; 92:3050-3057. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bastian Raabe
- Labor Dr. Merk & Kollegen GmbH, Beim Braunland 1, 88416 Ochsenhausen, Germany
| | | | - Harald Sobek
- Labor Dr. Merk & Kollegen GmbH, Beim Braunland 1, 88416 Ochsenhausen, Germany
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24
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Gélinas JF, Azizi H, Kiesslich S, Lanthier S, Perdersen J, Chahal PS, Ansorge S, Kobinger G, Gilbert R, Kamen AA. Production of rVSV-ZEBOV in serum-free suspension culture of HEK 293SF cells. Vaccine 2019; 37:6624-6632. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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25
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Arabipour I, Amani J, Mirhosseini SA, Salimian J. The study of genes and signal transduction pathways involved in mustard lung injury: A gene therapy approach. Gene 2019; 714:143968. [PMID: 31323308 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.143968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur mustard (SM) is a destructive and harmful chemical agent for the eyes, skin and lungs that causes short-term and long-term lesions and was widely used in Iraq war against Iran (1980-1988). SM causes DNA damages, oxidative stress, and Inflammation. Considering the similarities between SM and COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) pathogens and limited available treatments, a novel therapeutic approach is not developed. Gene therapy is a novel therapeutic approach that uses genetic engineering science in treatment of most diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In this review, attempts to presenting a comprehensive study of mustard lung and introducing the genes therapy involved in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and emphasizing the pathways and genes involved in the pathology and pathogenesis of sulfur Mustard. It seems that, given the high potential of gene therapy and the fact that this experimental technique is a candidate for the treatment of pulmonary diseases, further study of genes, vectors and gene transfer systems can draw a very positive perspective of gene therapy in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Arabipour
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Amani
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Ali Mirhosseini
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Salimian
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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26
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Thorne B, Takeya R, Vitelli F, Swanson X. Gene Therapy. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 165:351-399. [PMID: 28289769 DOI: 10.1007/10_2016_53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy refers to a rapidly growing field of medicine in which genes are introduced into the body to treat or prevent diseases. Although a variety of methods can be used to deliver the genetic materials into the target cells and tissues, modified viral vectors represent one of the more common delivery routes because of its transduction efficiency for therapeutic genes. Since the introduction of gene therapy concept in the 1970s, the field has advanced considerably with notable clinical successes being demonstrated in many clinical indications in which no standard treatment options are currently available. It is anticipated that the clinical success the field observed in recent years can drive requirements for more scalable, robust, cost effective, and regulatory-compliant manufacturing processes. This review provides a brief overview of the current manufacturing technologies for viral vectors production, drawing attention to the common upstream and downstream production process platform that is applicable across various classes of viral vectors and their unique manufacturing challenges as compared to other biologics. In addition, a case study of an industry-scale cGMP production of an AAV-based gene therapy product performed at 2,000 L-scale is presented. The experience and lessons learned from this largest viral gene therapy vector production run conducted to date as discussed and highlighted in this review should contribute to future development of commercial viable scalable processes for vial gene therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barb Thorne
- Thorne Bio-Consulting LLC, Sammamish, WA, USA
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27
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Fedosyuk S, Merritt T, Peralta-Alvarez MP, Morris SJ, Lam A, Laroudie N, Kangokar A, Wright D, Warimwe GM, Angell-Manning P, Ritchie AJ, Gilbert SC, Xenopoulos A, Boumlic A, Douglas AD. Simian adenovirus vector production for early-phase clinical trials: A simple method applicable to multiple serotypes and using entirely disposable product-contact components. Vaccine 2019; 37:6951-6961. [PMID: 31047679 PMCID: PMC6949866 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A variety of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) compliant processes have been reported for production of non-replicating adenovirus vectors, but important challenges remain. Most clinical development of adenovirus vectors now uses simian adenoviruses or rare human serotypes, whereas reported manufacturing processes mainly use serotypes such as AdHu5 which are of questionable relevance for clinical vaccine development. Many clinically relevant vaccine transgenes interfere with adenovirus replication, whereas most reported process development uses selected antigens or even model transgenes such as fluorescent proteins which cause little such interference. Processes are typically developed for a single adenovirus serotype - transgene combination, requiring extensive further optimization for each new vaccine. There is a need for rapid production platforms for small GMP batches of non-replicating adenovirus vectors for early-phase vaccine trials, particularly in preparation for response to emerging pathogen outbreaks. Such platforms must be robust to variation in the transgene, and ideally also capable of producing adenoviruses of more than one serotype. It is also highly desirable for such processes to be readily implemented in new facilities using commercially available single-use materials, avoiding the need for development of bespoke tools or cleaning validation, and for them to be readily scalable for later-stage studies. Here we report the development of such a process, using single-use stirred-tank bioreactors, a transgene-repressing HEK293 cell - promoter combination, and fully single-use filtration and ion exchange components. We demonstrate applicability of the process to candidate vaccines against rabies, malaria and Rift Valley fever, each based on a different adenovirus serotype. We compare performance of a range of commercially available ion exchange media, including what we believe to be the first published use of a novel media for adenovirus purification (NatriFlo® HD-Q, Merck). We demonstrate the need for minimal process individualization for each vaccine, and that the product fulfils regulatory quality expectations. Cell-specific yields are at the upper end of those previously reported in the literature, and volumetric yields are in the range 1 × 1013 - 5 × 1013 purified virus particles per litre of culture, such that a 2-4 L process is comfortably adequate to produce vaccine for early-phase trials. The process is readily transferable to any GMP facility with the capability for mammalian cell culture and aseptic filling of sterile products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofiya Fedosyuk
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Thomas Merritt
- Clinical Biomanufacturing Facility, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7JT, UK
| | | | - Susan J Morris
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Ada Lam
- Millipore (UK) Ltd. Bedfont Cross, Stanwell Road, TW14 8NX Feltham, UK
| | - Nicolas Laroudie
- Millipore SAS, 39 Route Industrielle de la Hardt, Molsheim 67120, France
| | | | - Daniel Wright
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - George M Warimwe
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O. 230-80108 Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Phillip Angell-Manning
- Clinical Biomanufacturing Facility, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7JT, UK
| | - Adam J Ritchie
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Sarah C Gilbert
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Alex Xenopoulos
- EMD Millipore Corporation, 80 Ashby Road, Bedford, MA 01730, USA
| | - Anissa Boumlic
- Millipore SAS, 39 Route Industrielle de la Hardt, Molsheim 67120, France
| | - Alexander D Douglas
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
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28
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Schumann C, Nguyen DX, Norgard M, Bortnyak Y, Korzun T, Chan S, Lorenz AS, Moses AS, Albarqi HA, Wong L, Michaelis K, Zhu X, Alani AWG, Taratula OR, Krasnow S, Marks DL, Taratula O. Increasing lean muscle mass in mice via nanoparticle-mediated hepatic delivery of follistatin mRNA. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:5276-5288. [PMID: 30555546 PMCID: PMC6276093 DOI: 10.7150/thno.27847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle atrophy occurs during chronic diseases, resulting in diminished quality of life and compromised treatment outcomes. There is a high demand for therapeutics that increase muscle mass while abrogating the need for special dietary and exercise requirements. Therefore, we developed an efficient nanomedicine approach capable of increasing muscle mass. Methods: The therapy is based on nanoparticle-mediated delivery of follistatin messenger RNA (mRNA) to the liver after subcutaneous administration. The delivered mRNA directs hepatic cellular machinery to produce follistatin, a glycoprotein that increases lean mass through inhibition of negative regulators of muscle mass (myostatin and activin A). These factors are elevated in numerous disease states, thereby providing a target for therapeutic intervention. Results: Animal studies validated that mRNA-loaded nanoparticles enter systemic circulation following subcutaneous injection, accumulate and internalize in the liver, where the mRNA is translated into follistatin. Follistatin serum levels were elevated for 72 h post injection and efficiently reduced activin A and myostatin serum concentrations. After eight weeks of repeated injections, the lean mass of mice in the treatment group was ~10% higher when compared to that of the controls. Conclusion: Based on the obtained results demonstrating an increased muscle mass as well as restricted fat accumulation, this nanoplatform might be a milestone in the development of mRNA technologies and the treatment of muscle wasting disorders.
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29
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Wang C, Dulal P, Zhou X, Xiang Z, Goharriz H, Banyard A, Green N, Brunner L, Ventura R, Collin N, Draper SJ, Hill AVS, Ashfield R, Fooks AR, Ertl HC, Douglas AD. A simian-adenovirus-vectored rabies vaccine suitable for thermostabilisation and clinical development for low-cost single-dose pre-exposure prophylaxis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006870. [PMID: 30372438 PMCID: PMC6224154 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estimates of current global rabies mortality range from 26,000 to 59,000 deaths per annum. Although pre-exposure prophylaxis using inactivated rabies virus vaccines (IRVs) is effective, it requires two to three doses and is regarded as being too expensive and impractical for inclusion in routine childhood immunization programmes. METHODOLOGY/ PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here we report the development of a simian-adenovirus-vectored rabies vaccine intended to enable cost-effective population-wide pre-exposure prophylaxis against rabies. ChAdOx2 RabG uses the chimpanzee adenovirus serotype 68 (AdC68) backbone previously shown to achieve pre-exposure protection against rabies in non-human primates. ChAdOx2 differs from AdC68 in that it contains the human adenovirus serotype 5 (AdHu5) E4 orf6/7 region in place of the AdC68 equivalents, enhancing ease of manufacturing in cell lines which provide AdHu5 E1 proteins in trans. We show that immunogenicity of ChAdOx2 RabG in mice is comparable to that of AdC68 RabG and other adenovirus serotypes expressing rabies virus glycoprotein. High titers of rabies virus neutralizing antibody (VNA) are elicited after a single dose. The relationship between levels of VNA activity and rabies virus glycoprotein monomer-binding antibody differs after immunization with adenovirus-vectored vaccines and IRV vaccines, suggesting routes to further enhancement of the efficacy of the adenovirus-vectored candidates. We also demonstrate that ChAdOx2 RabG can be thermostabilised using a low-cost method suitable for clinical bio-manufacture and ambient-temperature distribution in tropical climates. Finally, we show that a dose-sparing effect can be achieved by formulating ChAdOx2 RabG with a simple chemical adjuvant. This approach could lower the cost of ChAdOx2 RabG and other adenovirus-vectored vaccines. CONCLUSIONS/ SIGNIFICANCE ChAdOx2 RabG may prove to be a useful tool to reduce the human rabies death toll. We have secured funding for Good Manufacturing Practice- compliant bio-manufacture and Phase I clinical trial of this candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Wang
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Pawan Dulal
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Xiangyang Zhou
- Wistar Institute of Anatomy & Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Zhiquan Xiang
- Wistar Institute of Anatomy & Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hooman Goharriz
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector-borne Diseases Research Group, New Haw, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley Banyard
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector-borne Diseases Research Group, New Haw, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Nicky Green
- Clinical Biomanufacturing Facility, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Livia Brunner
- Vaccine Formulation Laboratory, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Roland Ventura
- Vaccine Formulation Laboratory, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Collin
- Vaccine Formulation Laboratory, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Simon J. Draper
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian V. S. Hill
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Ashfield
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony R. Fooks
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector-borne Diseases Research Group, New Haw, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Hildegund C. Ertl
- Wistar Institute of Anatomy & Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Alexander D. Douglas
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, United Kingdom
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30
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Chen KD, Wu XX, Yu DS, Ou HL, Li YH, Zhou YQ, Li LJ. Process optimization for the rapid production of adenoviral vectors for clinical trials in a disposable bioreactor system. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:6469-6477. [PMID: 29858958 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9091-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant adenoviral (Ad) vectors are highly efficient gene transfer vectors widely used in vaccine development and immunotherapy. To promote the industrial application of Ad vectors, studies focusing on reducing the cost of manufacturing, shortening the preclinical research period, and improving the quality of products are needed. Here, we describe a highly efficient and economical process for producing Ad vector in a novel, single-use bioreactor system suitable for clinical trials. A mini-bioreactor was used for parameter optimization and development of medium replacement protocols for Ad5-GFP production before scale-up. HEK293 cell culture and virus infection were monitored in a disposable AmProtein Current Perfusion Bioreactor and Bioflo310 bioreactor using optimized parameters and medium replacement protocols. The total cell number increased from 2.0 × 109 to 3.2 × 1010 after 6 days of culture. The total number of viral particles obtained in a single batch was 1.2 × 1015. These results demonstrate the efficiency and suitability of this system for Ad vector production for research and GMP applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Da Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovative Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xiao-Xin Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovative Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Dong-Shan Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovative Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Hui-Lin Ou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovative Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yan-Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovative Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yu-Qing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovative Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Lan-Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovative Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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Vázquez-Ramírez D, Genzel Y, Jordan I, Sandig V, Reichl U. High-cell-density cultivations to increase MVA virus production. Vaccine 2018; 36:3124-3133. [PMID: 29433897 PMCID: PMC7115588 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.10.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Strategies for the production of MVA virus at high-cell-densities are presented. High-cell-density cultures can be downscaled from bioreactor to shake flasks. Optimal MVA virus production requires a combination of fed-batch and semi-perfusion.
Increasing the yield and the productivity in cell culture-based vaccine manufacturing using high-cell-density (HCD) cultivations faces a number of challenges. For example, medium consumption should be low to obtain a very high concentration of viable host cells in an economical way but must be balanced against the requirement that accumulation of toxic metabolites and limitation of nutrients have to be avoided. HCD cultivations should also be optimized to avoid unwanted induction of apoptosis or autophagy during the early phase of virus infection. To realize the full potential of HCD cultivations, a rational analysis of the cultivation conditions of the appropriate host cell line together with the optimal infection conditions for the chosen viral vaccine strain needs to be performed for each particular manufacturing process. We here illustrate our strategy for production of the modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) virus isolate MVA-CR19 in the avian suspension cell line AGE1.CR.pIX at HCD. As a first step we demonstrate that the adjustment of the perfusion rate strictly based on the measured cell concentration and the glucose consumption rate of cells enables optimal growth in a 0.8 L bioreactor equipped with an ATF2 system. Concentrations up to 57 × 106 cells/mL (before infection) were obtained with a viability exceeding 95%, and a maximum specific cell growth rate of 0.019 h−1 (doubling time = 36.5 h). However, not only the cell-specific MVA-CR19 virus yield but also the volumetric productivity was reduced compared to infections at conventional-cell-density (CCD). To facilitate optimization of the virus propagation phase at HCD, a larger set of feeding strategies was analyzed in small-scale cultivations using shake flasks. Densities up to 63 × 106 cells/mL were obtained at the end of the cell growth phase applying a discontinuous perfusion mode (semi-perfusion) with the same cell-specific perfusion rate as in the bioreactor (0.060 nL/(cell d)). At this cell concentration, a medium exchange at time of infection was required to obtain expected virus yields during the first 24 h after infection. Applying an additional fed-batch feeding strategy during the whole virus replication phase resulted in a faster virus titer increase during the first 36 h after infection. In contrast, a semi-continuous virus harvest scheme improved virus accumulation and recovery at a rather later stage of infection. Overall, a combination of both fed-batch and medium exchange strategies resulted in similar cell-specific virus yields as those obtained for CCD processes but 10-fold higher MVA-CR19 titers, and four times higher volumetric productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Vázquez-Ramírez
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstr. 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Yvonne Genzel
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstr. 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Jordan
- ProBioGen AG, Goethestr. 54, 13086 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Udo Reichl
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstr. 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; Chair for Bioprocess Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
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Hu J, Han J, Li H, Zhang X, Liu LL, Chen F, Zeng B. Human Embryonic Kidney 293 Cells: A Vehicle for Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing, Structural Biology, and Electrophysiology. Cells Tissues Organs 2018; 205:1-8. [PMID: 29393161 DOI: 10.1159/000485501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cells, e.g., CHO, BHK, HEK293, HT-1080, and NS0 cells, represent important manufacturing platforms in bioengineering. They are widely used for the production of recombinant therapeutic proteins, vaccines, anticancer agents, and other clinically relevant drugs. HEK293 (human embryonic kidney 293) cells and their derived cell lines provide an attractive heterologous system for the development of recombinant proteins or adenovirus productions, not least due to their human-like posttranslational modification of protein molecules to provide the desired biological activity. Secondly, they also exhibit high transfection efficiency yielding high-quality recombinant proteins. They are easy to maintain and express with high fidelity membrane proteins, such as ion channels and transporters, and thus are attractive for structural biology and electrophysiology studies. In this article, we review the literature on HEK293 cells regarding their origins but also stress their advancements into the different cell lines engineered and discuss some significant aspects which make them versatile systems for biopharmaceutical manufacturing, drug screening, structural biology research, and electrophysiology applications.
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Zhou YL, Gu WB, Tu DD, Zhu QH, Zhou ZK, Chen YY, Shu MA. Hemocytes of the mud crab Scylla paramamosain: Cytometric, morphological characterization and involvement in immune responses. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 72:459-469. [PMID: 29108971 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hemocytes play essential roles in the innate immune system of crustaceans. Characterization of hemocytes from estuary mud crab Scylla paramamosain was performed by flow cytometry and morphological studies such as cytochemical staining and electron microscopy. The hemocyte subsets were further separated using a modified Percoll density gradient centrifugation method. Based on the morphological characteristics of the cells, three distinct categories of hemocytes were identified: granulocytes with abundant large granularity representing 5.27 ± 0.42%, semigranulocytes with small or less granularity representing 76.03 ± 3.34%, and hyalinocytes (18.70 ± 3.92%) which were almost no granularity. The total hemocyte cell count and the percentage of hemocyte subsets varied after pathogen infection, including Vibrio alginolyticus and the viral double-stranded RNA analog Poly (I:C). The phagocytic process is of fundamental importance for crustaceans' cellular immune response as well as development and survival. The results of the in vitro phagocytosis assays analyzed by flow cytometry demonstrated that granulocytes and semigranulocytes had significantly higher phagocytic ability than hyalinocytes. A primary culture system, L-15 medium supplemented with 5-10% fetal bovine serum, was developed to further investigate the immune function of hemocytes. Furthermore, adenovirus can be utilized to effectively transfer GFP gene into hemocytes. Overall, three hemocyte sub-populations of S. paramamosain were successfully discriminated, moreover, their response to pathogen infections, phagocytic activity and adenovirus mediated transfection were also investigated for the first time. This study may contribute to a better understanding of the innate immune system of estuary crabs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lian Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wen-Bin Gu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dan-Dan Tu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qi-Hui Zhu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhong-Kai Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yu-Yin Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Miao-An Shu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Cai Z, Lv H, Cao W, Zhou C, Liu Q, Li H, Zhou F. Targeting strategies of adenovirus‑mediated gene therapy and virotherapy for prostate cancer (Review). Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:6443-6458. [PMID: 28901490 PMCID: PMC5865813 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) poses a high risk to older men and it is the second most common type of male malignant tumor in western developed countries. Additionally, there is a lack of effective therapies for PCa at advanced stages. Novel treatment strategies such as adenovirus-mediated gene therapy and virotherapy involve the expression of a specific therapeutic gene to induce death in cancer cells, however, wild-type adenoviruses are also able to infect normal human cells, which leads to undesirable toxicity. Various PCa-targeting strategies in adenovirus-mediated therapy have been developed to improve tumor-targeting effects and human safety. The present review summarizes the relevant knowledge regarding available adenoviruses and PCa-targeting strategies. In addition, future directions in this area are also discussed. In conclusion, although they remain in the early stages of basic research, adenovirus-mediated gene therapy and virotherapy are expected to become important therapies for tumors in the future due to their potential targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglin Cai
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, P.R. China
| | - Haidi Lv
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, P.R. China
| | - Wenjuan Cao
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, P.R. China
| | - Chuan Zhou
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Qiangzhao Liu
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, P.R. China
| | - Fenghai Zhou
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, P.R. China
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Venereo-Sanchez A, Simoneau M, Lanthier S, Chahal P, Bourget L, Ansorge S, Gilbert R, Henry O, Kamen A. Process intensification for high yield production of influenza H1N1 Gag virus-like particles using an inducible HEK-293 stable cell line. Vaccine 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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36
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Dai Y, Zhao S, Tang J, Xing Y, Qu G, Dai J, Jin X, Wang X. Evaluation of protective efficacy induced by different heterologous prime-boost strategies encoding triosephosphate isomerase against Schistosoma japonicum in mice. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:111. [PMID: 28241779 PMCID: PMC5330126 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In China, schistosomiasis japonica is a predominant zoonotic disease, and animal reservoir hosts in the environment largely sustain infections. The development of transmission-blocking veterinary vaccines is urgently needed for the prevention and efficient control of schistosomiasis. Heterologous prime-boost strategy is more effective than traditional vaccination and homologous prime-boost strategies against multiple pathogens infection. In the present study, to further improve protective efficacy, we immunized mice with three types of heterologous prime-boost combinations based on our previously constructed vaccines that encode triosphate isomerase of Schistosoma japonicum, tested the specific immune responses, and evaluated the protective efficacy through challenge infection in mice. METHODS DNA vaccine (pcDNA3.1-SjTPI.opt), adenoviral vectored vaccine (rAdV-SjTPI.opt), and recombinant protein vaccine (rSjTPI) were prepared and three types of heterologous prime-boost combinations, including DNA i.m. priming-rAdV i.m. boosting, rAdV i.m. priming-rAdV s.c. boosting, and rAdV i.m. priming-rSjTPI boosting strategies, were carried out. The specific immune responses and protective efficacies were evaluated in BALB/c mice RESULTS: Results show that different immune profiles and various levels of protective efficacy were elicited by using different heterologous prime-boost combinations. A synergistic effect was observed using the DNA i.m. priming-rAdV i.m. boosting strategy; however, its protective efficacy was similar to that of rAdV i.m. immunization. Conversely, an antagonistic effect was generated by using the rAd i.m. priming-s.c. boosting strategy. However, the strategy, with rAdV i.m. priming- rSjTPI s.c. boosting, generated the most optimal protective efficacy and worm or egg reduction rate reaching up to 70% in a mouse model. CONCLUSIONS A suitable immunization strategy, rAdV i.m. priming-rSjTPI boosting strategy, was developed, which elicits a high level of protective efficacy against Schistosoma japonicum infection in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Dai
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214064, People's Republic of China. .,Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Song Zhao
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214064, People's Republic of China.,Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxia Tang
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214064, People's Republic of China.,Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuntian Xing
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214064, People's Republic of China.,Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoli Qu
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214064, People's Republic of China.,Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianrong Dai
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214064, People's Republic of China.,Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Jin
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214064, People's Republic of China.,Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214064, People's Republic of China. .,Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
Although viruses are simple biological systems, they are capable of evolving highly efficient techniques for infecting cells, expressing their genomes, and generating new copies of themselves. It is possible to genetically manipulate most of the different classes of known viruses in order to produce recombinant viruses that express foreign proteins. Recombinant viruses have been used in gene therapy to deliver selected genes into higher organisms, in vaccinology and immunotherapy, and as important research tools to study the structure and function of these proteins. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are multiprotein structures that mimic the organization and conformation of authentic native viruses but lack the viral genome. They have been applied not only as prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines but also as vehicles in drug and gene delivery and, more recently, as tools in nanobiotechnology. In this chapter, basic and advanced features of viruses and VLPs are presented and their major applications are discussed. The different production platforms based on animal cell technology are explained, and their main challenges and future perspectives are explored. The implications of large-scale production of viruses and VLPs are discussed in the context of process control, monitoring, and optimization. The main upstream and downstream technical challenges are identified and discussed accordingly.
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Impact of Adenovirus infection in host cell metabolism evaluated by (1)H-NMR spectroscopy. J Biotechnol 2016; 231:16-23. [PMID: 27215342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Adenovirus-based vectors are powerful vehicles for gene transfer applications in vaccination and gene therapy. Although highly exploited in the clinical setting, key aspects of the adenovirus biology are still not well understood, in particular the subversion of host cell metabolism during viral infection and replication. The aim of this work was to gain insights on the metabolism of two human cell lines (HEK293 and an amniocyte-derived cell line, 1G3) after infection with an adenovirus serotype 5 vector (AdV5). In order to profile metabolic alterations, we used (1)H-NMR spectroscopy, which allowed the quantification of 35 metabolites in cell culture supernatants with low sample preparation and in a relatively short time. Significant differences between both cell lines in non-infected cultures were identified, namely in glutamine and acetate metabolism, as well as by-product secretion. The main response to AdV5 infection was an increase in glucose consumption and lactate production rates. Moreover, cultures performed with or without glutamine supplementation confirmed the exhaustion of this amino acid as one of the main causes of lower AdV5 production at high cell densities (10- and 1.5-fold less specific yields in HEK293 and 1G3 cells, respectively), and highlighted different degrees of glutamine dependency of adenovirus replication in each cell line. The observed metabolic alterations associated with AdV5 infection and specificity of the host cell line can be useful for targeted bioprocess optimization.
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Moving oncolytic viruses into the clinic: clinical-grade production, purification, and characterization of diverse oncolytic viruses. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2016; 3:16018. [PMID: 27088104 PMCID: PMC4822647 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2016.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are unique anticancer agents based on their pleotropic modes of action, which include, besides viral tumor cell lysis, activation of antitumor immunity. A panel of diverse viruses, often genetically engineered, has advanced to clinical investigation, including phase 3 studies. This diversity of virotherapeutics not only offers interesting opportunities for the implementation of different therapeutic regimens but also poses challenges for clinical translation. Thus, manufacturing processes and regulatory approval paths need to be established for each OV individually. This review provides an overview of clinical-grade manufacturing procedures for OVs using six virus families as examples, and key challenges are discussed individually. For example, different virus features with respect to particle size, presence/absence of an envelope, and host species imply specific requirements for measures to ensure sterility, for handling, and for determination of appropriate animal models for toxicity testing, respectively. On the other hand, optimization of serum-free culture conditions, increasing virus yields, development of scalable purification strategies, and formulations guaranteeing long-term stability are challenges common to several if not all OVs. In light of the recent marketing approval of the first OV in the Western world, strategies for further upscaling OV manufacturing and optimizing product characterization will receive increasing attention.
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Tapia F, Vázquez-Ramírez D, Genzel Y, Reichl U. Bioreactors for high cell density and continuous multi-stage cultivations: options for process intensification in cell culture-based viral vaccine production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:2121-32. [PMID: 26758296 PMCID: PMC4756030 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7267-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
With an increasing demand for efficacious, safe, and affordable vaccines for human and animal use, process intensification in cell culture-based viral vaccine production demands advanced process strategies to overcome the limitations of conventional batch cultivations. However, the use of fed-batch, perfusion, or continuous modes to drive processes at high cell density (HCD) and overextended operating times has so far been little explored in large-scale viral vaccine manufacturing. Also, possible reductions in cell-specific virus yields for HCD cultivations have been reported frequently. Taking into account that vaccine production is one of the most heavily regulated industries in the pharmaceutical sector with tough margins to meet, it is understandable that process intensification is being considered by both academia and industry as a next step toward more efficient viral vaccine production processes only recently. Compared to conventional batch processes, fed-batch and perfusion strategies could result in ten to a hundred times higher product yields. Both cultivation strategies can be implemented to achieve cell concentrations exceeding 10(7) cells/mL or even 10(8) cells/mL, while keeping low levels of metabolites that potentially inhibit cell growth and virus replication. The trend towards HCD processes is supported by development of GMP-compliant cultivation platforms, i.e., acoustic settlers, hollow fiber bioreactors, and hollow fiber-based perfusion systems including tangential flow filtration (TFF) or alternating tangential flow (ATF) technologies. In this review, these process modes are discussed in detail and compared with conventional batch processes based on productivity indicators such as space-time yield, cell concentration, and product titers. In addition, options for the production of viral vaccines in continuous multi-stage bioreactors such as two- and three-stage systems are addressed. While such systems have shown similar virus titers compared to batch cultivations, keeping high yields for extended production times is still a challenge. Overall, we demonstrate that process intensification of cell culture-based viral vaccine production can be realized by the consequent application of fed-batch, perfusion, and continuous systems with a significant increase in productivity. The potential for even further improvements is high, considering recent developments in establishment of new (designer) cell lines, better characterization of host cell metabolism, advances in media design, and the use of mathematical models as a tool for process optimization and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Tapia
- International Max Planck Research School for Advanced Methods in Process and Systems Engineering, Sandtorstr. 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstr. 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Vázquez-Ramírez
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstr. 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Yvonne Genzel
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstr. 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Udo Reichl
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstr. 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
- Chair for Bioprocess Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
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Petiot E, Cuperlovic-Culf M, Shen CF, Kamen A. Influence of HEK293 metabolism on the production of viral vectors and vaccine. Vaccine 2015; 33:5974-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.05.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Liu D, Zhou H, Wu J, Liu W, Li Y, Shi G, Yue X, Sun X, Zhao Y, Hu X, Wang T, Zhang X. Infection by Cx43 adenovirus increased chemotherapy sensitivity in human gastric cancer BGC-823 cells: not involving in induction of cell apoptosis. Gene 2015; 574:217-24. [PMID: 26318481 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE There is a lower basal expression of Connexin43 (Cx43) in human gastric cancer BGC-823 cells. In the present study, BGC-823 cells were transfected with recombinant Cx43 adenovirus plasmid vector, and we explored the influences of Cx43 expression on cell proliferation, chemo-sensitivity, colony forming ability, invasion ability and apoptosis. Moreover, we also determined the expression of Pgp, Cx43, as well as apoptosis-related proteins (bcl-2, bax, caspase3 and caspase 9). METHODS MTT assay was performed to determine the proliferation of BGC-823 cells before and after Cx43 transfection. The influences of Cx43 infection on sensitivity of chemotherapy (including Doxorubicin, fluorouracil, oxaliplatin) were detected by MTT assay. Expression levels of Pgp, Cx43, as well as apoptosis-related proteins (bcl-2, bax, caspase-3 and caspase-9) in BGC-823 cells were determined by Western blotting analysis before and after the infection with Cx43 adenovirus. MDR expression was determined by RT-PCR before and after Cx43 infection. Invasive ability was detected by invasion chamber. Influence of Cx43 adenovirus infection on apoptosis of BGC-823 cells was determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS After infection by Cx43 adenovirus, colony forming rate and invasive ability of BGC-823 cells were decreased. Flow cytometry results revealed that cell apoptosis were insignificantly increased. The data of MTT assay revealed that infection with Cx43 adenovirus, cell proliferation ability decreased and sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs (including doxorubicin, fluorouracil, oxaliplatin) increased. Results of Western blotting analysis revealed that increasing expression levels of Cx43, decreasing expression levels of Pgp, and insignificant changes of bcl-2, bax, caspase3 and caspase 9 were detected. RT-PCR revealed the expression of MDR1 gene, the gene encoding Pgp, decreased significantly (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The human gastric cancer BGC-823 cells were infected with Cx43-IRES2-EGFP recombinant adenovirus vector. Colony formation, invasive ability and cell proliferation all decreased, whereas chemo-sensitivity increased in Cx43 infected BGC-823 cells. The increasing Cx43 expression was accompanied by decreasing Pgp expression and MDR1 m RNA levels. However, apoptosis-related proteins (bcl-2, bax, caspase3 and caspase 9) and cell apoptosis increased insignificantly. All results demonstrated that Cx43 may be negatively regulated the development, invasion and metastasis of gastric cancers, however, it had no obvious relationship with tumor cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- The Seventh Department of the Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Hongfeng Zhou
- The Seventh Department of the Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Jin Wu
- The Seventh Department of the Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Wentao Liu
- The Seventh Department of the Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yongqing Li
- Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Guangyue Shi
- The Seventh Department of the Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xiaolong Yue
- The Seventh Department of the Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xiwen Sun
- Harbin Medical University cancer Institute, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yanbin Zhao
- The Seventh Department of the Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xiaowei Hu
- The Seventh Department of the Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Tianjiao Wang
- The Seventh Department of the Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xufeng Zhang
- The Seventh Department of the Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
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Production of canine adenovirus type 2 in serum-free suspension cultures of MDCK cells. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:7059-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6636-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Silva AC, Simão D, Küppers C, Lucas T, Sousa MFQ, Cruz P, Carrondo MJT, Kochanek S, Alves PM. Human amniocyte-derived cells are a promising cell host for adenoviral vector production under serum-free conditions. Biotechnol J 2015; 10:760-71. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Garcia LAT, Nascimento MA, Barardi CRM. Effect of UV light on the inactivation of recombinant human adenovirus and murine norovirus seeded in seawater in shellfish depuration tanks. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2015; 7:67-75. [PMID: 25528135 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-014-9177-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Shellfish depuration is a process that aims to eliminate pathogens from mollusk tissues. Seawater disinfection during the depuration process is important and ultraviolet (UV) light treatment is the most used method worldwide. Viral models are usually employed as surrogates of fastidious viruses in viability studies. The aim of this study was to employ methods based on green fluorescent protein (GFP) fluorescence and plaque forming units to detect, respectively, recombinant adenovirus (rAdV-GFP) and murine norovirus (MNV) artificially seeded in environmental matrices. These assays were applied to assess the inactivation of rAdV-GFP and MNV in seawater in recirculation shellfish depuration tanks with and without UV light treatment. Kinetics of rAdV GFP-expression was previously measured by UV-spectrophotometer. Flow cytometry (FC), fluorescence microscopy (FM), and plaque assay were used to determine virus titer and detection limits. The influence of the environmental matrix on the performance of the methods was prior determined using either drinking water or filtered seawater seeded with rAdV-GFP. Disinfection of seeded seawater was evaluated with and without UV treatment. The time of 24-h post-infection was established as ideal for fluorescence detection on rAdV-GFP infected cells. FC showed lower sensitivity, when compared to FM, which was similar to plaque assay. Seawater disinfection on depuration tanks was promising and rAdV-GFP declined 99.99 % after 24 and 48 h with and without UV treatment, respectively. MNV was completely inactivated after 24 h in both treatments. As conclusion, the depuration tanks were effective to inactivate rAdV-GFP and MNV and the UV disinfection treatment accelerated the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A T Garcia
- Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
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Sun WF, Zhu MM, Li J, Zhang XX, Liu YW, Wu XR, Liu ZG. Effects of Xie-Zhuo-Chu-Bi-Fang on miR-34a and URAT1 and their relationship in hyperuricemic mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 161:163-169. [PMID: 25535087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Xie-Zhuo-Chu-Bi-Fang (XZCBF) is an empirical formula that was developed based on the principles of traditional Chinese medicine, for the therapeutic purpose of treating hyperuricemia. XZCBF has been clinically utilized in the Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine at General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLA for many years and has exhibited favorable efficacy. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effects of XZCBF on the expression of uric acid transporter 1 (URAT1) and miR-34a in hyperuricemic mice and to determine, the correlation between the two expression levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS A hyperuricemic animal model was created by administering adenine and allantoxanic acid potassium salt to mice. The blood uric acid levels were measured in these model mice after treatment with XZCBF for 15 days. The potential targets of miR-34a were screened. The expression levels of miR-34a and URAT1 in the renal tissues collected from the model mice were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis, and their correlation was further established by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. RESULTS The uric acid levels in the model mice were significantly higher than those in the blank controls (P<0.05). These levels were significantly lower in the three groups receiving different doses of XZCBF (P<0.05), which was, in agreement with the downregulation of URAT1 and the upregulation of miR-34a in each group. The mRNA expression level of URAT1 was positively correlated with the concentration of uric acid but, negatively correlated with the expression level of miR-34a. CONCLUSIONS The ability of XZCBF to facilitate the excretion of uric acid and to lower its level in the model group was mediated by the upregulation of miR-34a and the inhibition of URAT1 mRNA expression, which suggests that XZCBF could be an option for the treatment of hyperuricemia in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Feng Sun
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLA, Guangzhou 510010, China.
| | - Ming-Min Zhu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLA, Guangzhou 510010, China; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xian-Xian Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLA, Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - Ying-Wan Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLA, Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - Xin-Rong Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLA, Guangzhou 510010, China.
| | - Zhi-Gang Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLA, Guangzhou 510010, China
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Genzel Y, Vogel T, Buck J, Behrendt I, Ramirez DV, Schiedner G, Jordan I, Reichl U. High cell density cultivations by alternating tangential flow (ATF) perfusion for influenza A virus production using suspension cells. Vaccine 2014; 32:2770-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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The prevalence of IgG and IgA against adenoviruses in serum of children aged 11-26 months, hospitalised in the Clinical Paediatric Hospital in Warsaw, Poland. Cent Eur J Immunol 2014; 39:91-5. [PMID: 26155106 PMCID: PMC4439974 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2014.42131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoviruses are widely spread viruses causing infections related mainly to children. Contact with the pathogen may result in the presence of either immunoglobulin (Ig) A or IgG antibodies in the serum. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of IgA and IgG antibodies against adenoviruses in serum of children aged 11-27 months, hospitalised at the Public Children's Clinical Hospital in Warsaw. Immunoassay tests DRG Adenovirus IgA ELISA and IgG DRG Adenovirus ELISA detecting antibodies against all pathogenic serotypes of adenoviruses were performed in 128 sera samples. A low percentage of positive results for both immunoglobulins, 17 cases (13.28%) for IgA and 16 cases (12.50%) for IgG antibodies respectively were reported. We conclude, that the prevalence of antibodies against adenoviruses does not coincide with epidemiological data on the spread of infections among young children. The assays performed may be more useful in distinguishing the active form of the infection from seropositivity due to prior infection.
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HEK293 cell culture media study towards bioprocess optimization: Animal derived component free and animal derived component containing platforms. J Biosci Bioeng 2014; 117:471-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2013.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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50
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Construction and evaluation of replication-defective recombinant optimized triosephosphate isomerase adenoviral vaccination in Schistosoma japonicum challenged mice. Vaccine 2014; 32:771-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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