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Naryzhny S, Ronzhina N, Zorina E, Kabachenko F, Klopov N, Zgoda V. Construction of 2DE Patterns of Plasma Proteins: Aspect of Potential Tumor Markers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911113. [PMID: 36232415 PMCID: PMC9569744 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of tumor markers aids in the early detection of cancer recurrence and prognosis. There is a hope that they might also be useful in screening tests for the early detection of cancer. Here, the question of finding ideal tumor markers, which should be sensitive, specific, and reliable, is an acute issue. Human plasma is one of the most popular samples as it is commonly collected in the clinic and provides noninvasive, rapid analysis for any type of disease including cancer. Many efforts have been applied in searching for “ideal” tumor markers, digging very deep into plasma proteomes. The situation in this area can be improved in two ways—by attempting to find an ideal single tumor marker or by generating panels of different markers. In both cases, proteomics certainly plays a major role. There is a line of evidence that the most abundant, so-called “classical plasma proteins”, may be used to generate a tumor biomarker profile. To be comprehensive these profiles should have information not only about protein levels but also proteoform distribution for each protein. Initially, the profile of these proteins in norm should be generated. In our work, we collected bibliographic information about the connection of cancers with levels of “classical plasma proteins”. Additionally, we presented the proteoform profiles (2DE patterns) of these proteins in norm generated by two-dimensional electrophoresis with mass spectrometry and immunodetection. As a next step, similar profiles representing protein perturbations in plasma produced in the case of different cancers will be generated. Additionally, based on this information, different test systems can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Naryzhny
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya, 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia
- Petersburg Institute of Nuclear Physics (PNPI) of National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 188300 Gatchina, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-911-176-4453
| | - Natalia Ronzhina
- Petersburg Institute of Nuclear Physics (PNPI) of National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 188300 Gatchina, Russia
| | - Elena Zorina
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya, 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Fedor Kabachenko
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nikolay Klopov
- Petersburg Institute of Nuclear Physics (PNPI) of National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 188300 Gatchina, Russia
| | - Victor Zgoda
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya, 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia
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Shen C, Zhou K, Wang W, Zhang Y, Liu X. The prognostic value of preoperative serum albumin in patients with bladder urothelial carcinoma undergoing transurethral resection of bladder tumor: A prospective cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26548. [PMID: 34232194 PMCID: PMC8270602 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate whether the preoperative serum albumin level can predict the survival outcome in patients with bladder urothelial carcinoma (BUC) undergoing transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). METHODS Four hundred fifty six newly diagnosed patients with BUC who underwent TURBT between January 2014 and December 2017 were retrospectively enrolled. Patients were categorized into low albumin (<40 g/L) and high albumin (≥40 g/L) groups. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional analyses were used to determine the hazard ratios (HRs) for overall survival (OS). Of patients with available data, 108 (24%) and 348 (76%) patients were classified into the low albumin (<40 g/L) and high albumin (≥40 g/L) groups, respectively. RESULTS The results of the Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank test showed a significantly worse 5-year OS (P = .003) in the low albumin group than in the high albumin group. In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, after adjusting for confounding variables, the preoperative albumin level remained an independent predictor for 5-year OS (HR: 0.434, 95% confidence interval: 0.221-0.852; P = .015). CONCLUSION Our study determined that a low preoperative albumin level predicted poor OS in patients with BUC who underwent TURBT. Preoperative serum albumin is an inexpensive and easily available marker that has the potential to be a good prognostic factor for predicting mortality in patients with BUC treated with TURBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Shen
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Urology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Kechong Zhou
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Urology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Urology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Zhang Y, Wang L, Lin S, Wang R. Preoperative albumin-to-globulin ratio as a significant prognostic indicator in urologic cancers: a meta-analysis. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:4695-4708. [PMID: 30410403 PMCID: PMC6199965 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s178271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging studies reported that preoperative albumin-to-globulin ratio (AGR) correlated with tumor progression and prognosis in several types of cancer. The aim of this study was to systematically explore the association between preoperative AGR and clinical outcomes in cancers of the urinary system. Methods Relevant articles were searched in PubMed, Embase and Web of Science by two independent investigators from inception to June 1, 2018. Eligible studies were selected based on predetermined selection criteria. Summarized HRs or ORs and 95% CIs were calculated for prognosis and clinicopathologic features with the fixed-effects or random-effects models. Results Eight cohort studies comprising 2,668 patients were included for analysis. The pooled results showed that a low AGR significantly correlated with poor OS (HR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.27-0.48, P<0.001), worse cancer-specific survival (CSS) (HR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.22-0.50, P<0.001) and inferior event-free survival (EFS) (HR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.25-0.48, P<0.001) in urologic cancers. In addition, patients in low and high AGR groups showed significant differences in lymphovascular invasion (P<0.001), pT status (P<0.001) and pN status (P<0.001). Conclusion Preoperative AGR might be a valuable, cheap and reproducible prognostic bio-marker in urologic cancers following surgical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Neijiang, Neijiang 641000, Sichuan Province, China,
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shangrao People's Hospital, Shangrao 334000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Shibu Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou 570102, Hainan Province, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Neijiang, Neijiang 641000, Sichuan Province, China,
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张 玥, 李 飞, 杨 帆, 曾 文, 林 昊, 翟 启, 苏 明, 陈 自, 谭 万. [Prognostic value of preoperative serum albumin in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer undergoing transurethral resection of bladder tumor]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2018; 38:192-197. [PMID: 29502059 PMCID: PMC6743875 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2018.02.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the value of preoperative serum albumin level in predicting the survival of patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) undergoing transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). METHODS Two hundred and sixteen newly diagnosed patients with NMIBC who underwent TURBT between January, 2007 and April, 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were categorized into low albumin (<40 g/L) and normal albumin (≥40 g/L) groups. The patient survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and univariate and multivariate Cox proportional analyses were used to determine the hazard ratios (HRs) for the overall survival (OS). RESULTS Of the patients with available data, 82 (39%) and 127 (61%) patients were classified into low albumin (<40 g/L) and normal albumin (≥40 g/L) groups, respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a significantly worse 5-year OS in low albumin group than in normal albumin group (P=0.017). In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, after adjusting for confounding variables, the preoperative albumin level remained as an independent predictor for 5-year OS (HR: 3.102, 95%CI: 1.200-8.020, P=0.020). CONCLUSION A low preoperative albumin level predicts a poor 5-year OS in patients with NMIBC who underwent TURBT. Preoperative serum albumin can be a good prognostic factor for predicting survival of the patients with NMIBC treated with TURBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- 玥 张
- />南方医科大学南方医院泌尿外科,广东 广州 510515Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 飞 李
- />南方医科大学南方医院泌尿外科,广东 广州 510515Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 帆 杨
- />南方医科大学南方医院泌尿外科,广东 广州 510515Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 文利 曾
- />南方医科大学南方医院泌尿外科,广东 广州 510515Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 昊 林
- />南方医科大学南方医院泌尿外科,广东 广州 510515Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 启良 翟
- />南方医科大学南方医院泌尿外科,广东 广州 510515Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 明强 苏
- />南方医科大学南方医院泌尿外科,广东 广州 510515Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 自豪 陈
- />南方医科大学南方医院泌尿外科,广东 广州 510515Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 万龙 谭
- />南方医科大学南方医院泌尿外科,广东 广州 510515Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive type of primary brain tumor in adults. A key problem is the capacity of glioma cells to inactivate the body's immune response. The complement system acts as a functional bridge between the innate and adaptive immune response. Still, the role of the complement system has almost been forgotten in glioma research. In our present study, we hypothesize that C1 inactivator (C1-IA) is upregulated in astrocytoma grade IV, and that its inhibition of the complement system has beneficial effects upon survival. METHODS AND RESULTS We have explored this hypothesis both on gene and protein levels and found an upregulation of C1-IA in human glioblastoma cells using data from a publicly available database and our own mRNA material from glioblastoma patients. Furthermore, we demonstrated the presence of C1-IA by using immunohistochemistry on glioma cells from both humans and rats in vitro. Finally, we could demonstrate a significantly increased survival in vivo in animals inoculated intracerebrally with glioma cells pre-coated with C1-IA antibodies as compared to control animals. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that overexpression of C1-IA is present in glioblastomas. This could be demonstrated both at the gene level from patients with glioblastoma, on mRNA level and with immunohistochemistry. Treatment with antibodies against C1-IA had beneficial effects on survival when tested in vivo.
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Liu J, Dai Y, Zhou F, Long Z, Li Y, Liu B, Xie D, Tang J, Tan J, Yao K, Zhang Y, Tang Y, He L. The prognostic role of preoperative serum albumin/globulin ratio in patients with bladder urothelial carcinoma undergoing radical cystectomy. Urol Oncol 2016; 34:484.e1-484.e8. [PMID: 27341738 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2016.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To date, only a few studies have demonstrated the prognostic value of pretreatment serum albumin in bladder urothelial carcinoma (BUC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the pretreatment albumin/globulin ratio (AGR) and the survival of patients with BUC treated with radical cystectomy (RC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Data from 296 patients with BUC who underwent RC between June 2000 and June 2013 were analyzed. The AGR was calculated as follows: albumin/(total protein-albumin). The AGR was divided into 2 groups for receiver operating characteristics curve analysis. Survival was estimated using Kaplan-Meier analysis and compared using the log rank test. Cox proportional hazards models were used for univariate and multivariate survival analyses. RESULTS Patients in the high AGR group (AGR≥1.60) had a lower 5-year recurrence-free mortality rate compared with those in the low AGR group (AGR<1.60) (87.0% vs. 48.0%, P<0.001). The median cancer-specific survival (CSS) time was 71.1 months for low AGR patients and 156.0 months for the high AGR patients (P<0.001). After adjusting for confounding variables, the AGR remained an independent predictor of recurrence-free survival (RFS) (hazard rate = 0.356; 95% CI: 0.170-0.748; P = 0.006) and CSS (hazard rate = 0.280; 95% CI: 0.115-0.683; P = 0.005). Moreover, in the subset of 167 patients with normal serum albumin (albumin of≥40.0g/l), serum AGR continues to be an independent predictor of RFS (P = 0.012) and CSS (P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS High AGR is a strong independent predictor of long-term RFS and CSS in patients with BUC undergoing RC. Additionally, among patients with normal albumin (≥40g/l) levels, patients with higher globulin, but lower AGR have worse survival. The pretreatment AGR is an easily accessible and cheap to use for predicting mortality in patients with BUC treated by RC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianye Liu
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute of Prostate Disease of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingbo Dai
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute of Prostate Disease of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fangjian Zhou
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Long
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute of Prostate Disease of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yonghong Li
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute of Prostate Disease of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Xie
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Tang
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute of Prostate Disease of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Tan
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute of Prostate Disease of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kun Yao
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute of Prostate Disease of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yichuan Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute of Prostate Disease of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuxin Tang
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute of Prostate Disease of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Leye He
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute of Prostate Disease of Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Bagante F, Tran TB, Postlewait LM, Maithel SK, Wang TS, Evans DB, Hatzaras I, Shenoy R, Phay JE, Keplinger K, Fields RC, Jin LX, Weber SM, Salem A, Sicklick JK, Gad S, Yopp AC, Mansour JC, Duh QY, Seiser N, Solorzano CC, Kiernan CM, Votanopoulos KI, Levine EA, Poultsides GA, Pawlik TM. Neutrophil-lymphocyte and platelet-lymphocyte ratio as predictors of disease specific survival after resection of adrenocortical carcinoma. J Surg Oncol 2015; 112:164-72. [PMID: 26234285 DOI: 10.1002/jso.23982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The systemic inflammatory response may be associated with tumor progression. We sought to analyze the impact of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) on recurrence-free survival (RFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) among patients who underwent surgery for adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). METHODS Patients undergoing surgery for ACC were identified from a multi-center database. Cut-off values of 5 and 190 were defined as elevated NLR and PLR, respectively, and long-term outcome was assessed. RESULTS Among 84 patients with ACC, 29 (34.%) had NLR > 5 while 32 (40.5%) had PLR > 190. NLR and PLR were associated with larger tumors (NLR > 5: ≤ 5 cm, 0% vs. >5 cm, 39.7%; PLR > 190: ≤ 5cm, 0% vs. >5 cm, 45.7%), as well as need to resect of other organs (NLR > 5: other organ resected 48.8% vs. not resected 20.9%; PLR > 190: other organ resected 25.0% vs. not resected 56.4%)(all P < 0.05). Five-year RFS was associated with an elevated NLR (NLR ≤ 5, 14.2% vs. NLR> 5, 10.5%) and PLR (PLR ≤ 190: 19.4% vs. PLR > 190: 5.2%) (both P < 0.05). On multivariate survival analyses, PLR remained a predictor of RFS (HR 1.72), while NLR was associated with both DSS (HR 2.21) and RFS (HR 1.99) (both P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Immune markers such as NLR and PLR may be useful to stratify patients with regards to prognosis following surgery for ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Bagante
- Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Thuy B Tran
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | | | | | - Tracy S Wang
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Douglas B Evans
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Ioannis Hatzaras
- Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Rivfka Shenoy
- Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - John E Phay
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kara Keplinger
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ryan C Fields
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Linda X Jin
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Sharon M Weber
- Department of General Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Ahmed Salem
- Department of General Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jason K Sicklick
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Shady Gad
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Adam C Yopp
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - John C Mansour
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Quan-Yang Duh
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Natalie Seiser
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | | | | | - Edward A Levine
- Department of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - George A Poultsides
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Timothy M Pawlik
- Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Yao Y, Zhao M, Yuan D, Gu X, Liu H, Song Y. Elevated pretreatment serum globulin albumin ratio predicts poor prognosis for advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients. J Thorac Dis 2014; 6:1261-70. [PMID: 25276368 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.07.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to explore the association between the pretreatment globulin albumin ratio (GAR) and the survival of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. METHODS Patients hospitalized between January 2007 and December 2010 were enrolled and eliminated according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. GAR was defined as the absolute globulin value divided by the absolute albumin value. Chi-squared test was performed to compare clinical characteristics in different groups. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression model were used to determine independent prognostic factors. A P value of ≤0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS Total 316 patients were finally enrolled. The median progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 210.0 and 430.0 days, respectively. The statistical analyses indicated that pretreatment GAR >0.58 [hazard ratio (HR) =1.52, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.12-2.08, P=0.008 for PFS, HR =1.65, 95% CI: 1.20-2.26, P=0.002 for OS], and pretreatment albumin ≤35 g/L (HR =2.09, 95% CI: 1.20-3.65, P=0.003 for PFS, HR =1.92, 95% CI: 1.10-3.36, P=0.022 for OS) were independent prognostic factors for both PFS and OS. CONCLUSIONS Our study first established a connection between pretreatment GAR and advanced NSCLC patients, suggesting that GAR was an independent prognostic factor and could be the biomarker for prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Yao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Dongmei Yuan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Xiaoling Gu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Hongbing Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Yong Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
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He W, Yin C, Guo G, Jiang C, Wang F, Qiu H, Chen X, Rong R, Zhang B, Xia L. Initial neutrophil lymphocyte ratio is superior to platelet lymphocyte ratio as an adverse prognostic and predictive factor in metastatic colorectal cancer. Med Oncol 2013; 30:439. [PMID: 23307251 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-012-0439-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The prognostic, especially predictive, values of inflammation indexes in advanced colorectal cancer were not established. Therefore, the both values of neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in patients with initially metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) were investigated and compared. Samples were collected from 243 patients who were initially diagnosed with mCRC between 2005 and 2010 in the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center. Elevated NLR (p < 0.001), PLR (p = 0.008), and CEA (p < 0.001) were identified as statistically significant poor prognostic factors for overall survival (OS), while only NLR (p = 0.029) and CEA (p < 0.001) were validated as independent predictors. Univariate analysis identified elevated NLR (p < 0.001), PLR (p = 0.023), and CEA (p < 0.001) as statistically significant poor predict factors for the progression-free survival (PFS) of first-line chemotherapy, while NLR (p = 0.013) and CEA (p = 0.001) were independent. In addition, we observed significantly different OS (p < 0.001) and PFS (p < 0.001) among patients who had elevations in both NLR and CEA levels and those having one elevation or neither elevation. NLR, PLR, and CEA were significant predictors of OS and PFS in mCRC. However, only NLR and CEA play as independent. When coupled with CEA, NLR may lead to improved prognostic predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhuo He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Senesse P, Vasson MP. Nutrition chez le patient adulte atteint de cancer : quand et comment évaluer l’état nutritionnel d’un malade atteint de cancer ? Comment faire le diagnostic de dénutrition et le diagnostic de dénutrition sévère chez un malade atteint de cancer ? Quelles sont les situations les plus à risque de dénutrition ? NUTR CLIN METAB 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nupar.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Roxburgh CSD, McMillan DC. Role of systemic inflammatory response in predicting survival in patients with primary operable cancer. Future Oncol 2010; 6:149-63. [PMID: 20021215 DOI: 10.2217/fon.09.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 703] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease progression in cancer is dependent on the complex interaction between the tumor and the host inflammatory response. There is substantial evidence in advanced cancer that host factors, such as weight loss, poor performance status and the host systemic inflammatory response, are linked, and the latter is an important tumor-stage-independent predictor of outcome. Indeed, the systemic inflammatory response, as evidenced by an elevated level of C-reactive protein, is now included in the definition of cancer cachexia. This review examines the role of the systemic inflammatory response in predicting survival in patients with primary operable cancer. Approximately 80 studies have evaluated the role of the systemic inflammatory response using biochemical or hematological markers, such as elevated C-reactive protein levels, hypoalbuminemia or increased white cell, neutrophil and platelet counts. Combinations of such factors have been used to derive simple inflammation-based prognostic scores, such as the Glasgow Prognostic Score, the neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio and the platelet:lymphocyte ratio. This review demonstrates that there is now good evidence that preoperative measures of the systemic inflammatory response predict cancer survival, independent of tumor stage, in primary operable cancer. The evidence is particularly robust in colorectal (including liver metastases), gastro-esophageal and renal cancers. As described in this article, measurement of the systemic inflammatory response is simple, reliable and can be clinically incorporated into current staging algorithms. This will provide the clinician with a better prediction of outcome, and therefore better treatment allocation in patients with primary operable cancer. Furthermore, systemic inflammation-based markers and prognostic scores not only identify patients at risk, but also provide well-defined therapeutic targets for future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Campbell S D Roxburgh
- University Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine - University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Nakashima J, Kikuchi E, Miyajima A, Nakagawa K, Oya M, Ohigashi T, Murai M. Simple Stratification of Survival Using Bone Scan and Serum C-Reactive Protein in Prostate Cancer Patients with Metastases. Urol Int 2008; 80:129-33. [DOI: 10.1159/000112601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2006] [Accepted: 05/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Guillem P, Triboulet JP. Elevated serum levels of C-reactive protein are indicative of a poor prognosis in patients with esophageal cancer. Dis Esophagus 2005; 18:146-50. [PMID: 16045574 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2050.2005.00474.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite improved results gained by the combination of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy with surgery, the prognosis for the esophageal carcinoma patient remains poor. There is a need for prognostic markers that can help improve patient selection. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) have any influence on the patient prognosis in terms of prediction of chemoradiosensibility, and overall and disease-free survival. Blood samples were obtained at the time of diagnosis in 67 patients with biopsy-proven primary carcinoma of the esophagus. Although not significantly, the mean CRP level was higher than that of 20 patients with benign esophageal pathology who served as controls. No significant correlation could be found between CRP levels and baseline characteristics such as age, gender, histology, cancer localization, tumor depth, lymph node status or metastatic spread. However, patients with CRP levels higher than 6 mg/L were more frequently non-responders to chemoradiotherapy (P = 0.035), had a shorter overall survival (P = 0.061) and a shorter disease-free survival (P = 0.016). It is concluded from these results that pretreatment measurement of serum CRP levels in patients with esophageal cancer could to be used in routine practice as indicators of chemoradiosensibility and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Guillem
- Department of Digestive and General Surgery, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France.
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14
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Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is a nonspecific but sensitive marker of inflammation. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1, and tumor necrosis factor alpha induce the synthesis of CRP in hepatocytes. Increased CRP level is considered to be an important risk factor for atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular disease, and ischemic stroke. It is positively correlated with weight loss, anorexia-cachexia syndrome, extent of disease, and recurrence in advanced cancer. Its role as a predictor of survival has been shown in multiple myeloma, melanoma, lymphoma, ovarian, renal, pancreatic, and gastrointestinal tumors. Measurement of CRP is simple, cheap, and routine and provides valuable information in palliative care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fade Aziz Mahmoud
- Taussig Cancer Center, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, M76, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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McMillan D, Elahi M, Sattar N, Angerson W, Johnstone J, McArdle C. Measurement of the Systemic Inflammatory Response Predicts Cancer-Specific and Non-Cancer Survival in Patients With Cancer. Nutr Cancer 2001. [DOI: 10.1207/s15327914nc41-1&2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Nielsen HJ, Christensen IJ, Sørensen S, Moesgaard F, Brünner N. Preoperative plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 and serum C-reactive protein levels in patients with colorectal cancer. The RANX05 Colorectal Cancer Study Group. Ann Surg Oncol 2000; 7:617-23. [PMID: 11005561 DOI: 10.1007/bf02725342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preoperative plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is a prognostic variable in patients with colorectal cancer. It has been suggested, however, that plasma PAI-1 is a nonspecific prognostic parameter similar to the acute-phase reactant C-reactive protein (CRP). In the present study we analyzed the association between plasma PAI-1 and serum CRP in patients scheduled for elective resection of colorectal cancer. In addition, the prognostic value of PAI-1 and CRP was studied in this patient cohort. METHODS PAI-1 and CRP were analyzed in citrated plasma and serum, respectively, obtained preoperatively from 594 patients. Patients who required preoperative blood transfusion received SAGM blood, in which soluble PAI-1 is not present. None of the patients received pre- or postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, and all were followed in the outpatient clinic for at least 5 years or until death. The association of PAI-1 and CRP, respectively, with survival was tested using the median value of PAI-1 and the upper normal limit for CRP. Analyses were performed by inclusion of all patients, and in the subgroup of patients, who underwent curative resection. RESULTS The median follow-up period was 6.8 (5.4-7.9) years. The median value of plasma PAI-1 was 35.8 ng/ml, and values greater than 94 nmol/L identified patients with increased CRP levels. Comparison of the molecules showed that PAI-1 was weakly correlated with CRP (r = .26; P <.0001). Both molecules showed a Dukes independent distribution. In univariate survival analyses high levels of PAI-1 were found associated with poor prognosis and low levels with good prognosis (P = .02, HR: 1.3). Similarly, high levels of CRP were found associated with poor prognosis and low levels with good prognosis (P <.0001, HR: 1.9). In a multivariate statistical analysis including Dukes classification, gender, age, tumor location, perioperative blood transfusion, PAI-1 and CRP, plasma PAI-1 was a dependent prognostic variable, while serum CRP (P <.0001; HR: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.3-1.5) was found to be a Dukes independent prognostic variable. Similar analyses, excluding patients with Dukes' D disease showed serum CRP to be an independent prognostic variable (P <.0001; HR: 1.3: 95% CI: 1.2-1.5). CONCLUSIONS This study did not show a strong correlation between plasma PAI-1 and serum CRP in patients with colorectal cancer. Serum CRP was found to be a Dukes independent prognostic variable in this patient cohort, and was found to identify a subgroup of curatively resected patients at risk for short survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Nielsen
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Hvidovre University Hospital, Denmark.
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O'Gorman P, McMillan DC, McArdle CS. Longitudinal study of weight, appetite, performance status, and inflammation in advanced gastrointestinal cancer. Nutr Cancer 2000; 35:127-9. [PMID: 10693165 DOI: 10.1207/s15327914nc352_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that, in most patients with advanced cancer, weight loss is associated with an inflammatory response. To examine the temporal relationship between weight loss, appetite, performance status, and the inflammatory response, 50 patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer with weight loss were observed for six weeks. Patients were grouped according to whether they had lost weight (> 3%, n = 16), were weight stable (< 3% change, n = 25), or gained weight (> 3%, n = 9). At baseline, the group that subsequently lost weight had lower albumin and higher C-reactive protein concentrations (p < 0.05). On follow-up, there was an increase in C-reactive protein concentration and reductions in triceps skinfold thickness and Karnofsky performance status in the weight-losing group (p < 0.05). In contrast, Karnofsky performance status was improved in the group that gained weight (p < 0.05). Over the six to eight weeks, there was a difference in the changes of triceps skinfold thickness (p < 0.05) and Karnofsky performance status (p < 0.01) between the two groups. These results suggest that loss or gain of > 2.5 kg over a six- to eight-week period is required to produce a significant alteration in performance status in weight-losing patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Moreover, the results suggest that the presence of an inflammatory response is associated with further weight loss and the deterioration of performance status.
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Jurianz K, Ziegler S, Garcia-Schüler H, Kraus S, Bohana-Kashtan O, Fishelson Z, Kirschfink M. Complement resistance of tumor cells: basal and induced mechanisms. Mol Immunol 1999; 36:929-39. [PMID: 10698347 DOI: 10.1016/s0161-5890(99)00115-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and experimental studies have suggested that complement may play a role in tumor cytotoxicity. However, the efficiency of complement-mediated tumor cell lysis is hampered by various protective mechanisms, which may be divided into two categories: basal and induced mechanisms. The basal mechanisms are spontaneously expressed in cells without a need for prior activation, whereas the induced mechanisms develop in cells subjected to stimulation with cytokines, hormones, drugs or with sublytic doses of complement and other pore-formers. Membrane-associated complement regulatory proteins, such as CD55 (DAF, Decay-Accelerating Factor), CD46 (MCP, Membrane Cofactor Protein), CD35 (CR1, Complement Receptor type 1) and CD59, which serve as an important mechanism of self protection and render autologous cells insensitive to the action of complement. appear to be over-expressed on certain tumors. Furthermore, tumor cells secrete several soluble complement inhibitors. Tumor cells may also express proteases that degrade complement proteins, such as C3, or ecto-protein kinases which can phosphorylate complement components, such as C9. Besides this basal resistance, nucleated cells resist, to some extent, complement damage by removing the membrane attack complexes (MAC) from their surface. Several biochemical pathways, including protein phosphorylation, activation of G-proteins and turnover of phosphoinositides have been implicated in resistance to complement. Calcium ion influx and activation of protein kinase C (PKC) and of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) have also been demonstrated to be associated with the complement-induced enhanced resistance to lysis. The complete elucidation of the molecular mechanisms involved in basal and induced tumor cell resistance will enable the development of strategies for interfering with these evasion mechanisms and the use of the cytotoxic complement system against tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Jurianz
- Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Germany
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McMillan DC, Wigmore SJ, Fearon KC, O'Gorman P, Wright CE, McArdle CS. A prospective randomized study of megestrol acetate and ibuprofen in gastrointestinal cancer patients with weight loss. Br J Cancer 1999; 79:495-500. [PMID: 10027319 PMCID: PMC2362415 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6690077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of megestrol acetate in the treatment of weight loss in gastrointestinal cancer patients has been disappointing. The aim of the present study was to compare the combination of megestrol acetate and placebo with megestrol acetate and ibuprofen in the treatment of weight loss in such patients. At baseline, 4-6 weeks and 12 weeks, patients underwent measurements of anthropometry, concentrations of albumin and C-reactive protein and assessment of appetite, performance status and quality of life using EuroQol-EQ-5D and EORTC QLQ-C30. Thirty-eight and 35 patients (median weight loss 18%) were randomized to megestrol acetate/placebo or megestrol acetate/ibuprofen, respectively, for 12 weeks. Forty-six (63%) of patients failed to complete the 12-week assessment. Of those evaluable at 12 weeks, there was a decrease in weight (median 2.8 kg) in the megestrol acetate/placebo group compared with an increase (median 2.3 kg) in the megestrol acetate/ibuprofen group (P<0.001). There was also an improvement in the EuroQol-EQ-5D quality of life scores of the latter group (P<0.05). The combination of megestrol acetate/ibuprofen appeared to reverse weight loss and appeared to improve quality of life in patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer. Further trials of this novel regimen in weight-losing patients with hormone-insensitive cancers are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C McMillan
- University Department of Surgery, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
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Kodama J, Miyagi Y, Seki N, Tokumo K, Yoshinouchi M, Kobashi Y, Okuda H, Kudo T. Serum C-reactive protein as a prognostic factor in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1999; 82:107-10. [PMID: 10192497 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-2115(98)00227-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is well known that the serum level of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) correlates with the level of C-reactive protein (CRP). The purpose of this study is to determine the significance of CRP as a prognostic factor in epithelial ovarian cancer. STUDY DESIGN The present study is comprised of 120 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer from 1985 to 1992. In this study, CRP levels above 50 mg/l were considered high CRP. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify clinicopathological variables associated with poor survival. RESULTS The serum CRP value was significantly associated with the volume of ascites (P = 0.000004). Univariate analysis showed that the FIGO stage, primary tumour diameter, size of residual tumour, histologic grade, volume of ascites and high serum level of CRP were significant prognostic factors. Cox's multivariate proportional hazard model showed that histologic grade was the most important prognostic factor (P = 0.0026). FIGO stage and volume of ascites were also independent factors for 5-year survival (P = 0.0310 and P = 0.0216, respectively). However, the serum CRP value was not an independent prognostic factor. CONCLUSION CRP is an adverse prognostic factor in univariate analysis, but not in multivariate analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kodama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Medical School, Japan
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Fukuura T, Miki C, Inoue T, Matsumoto K, Suzuki H. Serum hepatocyte growth factor as an index of disease status of patients with colorectal carcinoma. Br J Cancer 1998; 78:454-9. [PMID: 9716026 PMCID: PMC2063100 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1998.514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the clinical significance of serum levels of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in colorectal cancer patients, we measured the venous and portal concentrations of HGF in 60 patients. The tissue concentrations in the tumour and adjacent normal mucosa were also determined. The serum HGF concentration for the peripheral venous blood of the patients was significantly higher than that in normal controls. The content of HGF in cancer tissue was also significantly higher than that in normal mucosa, and it was correlated with the serum HGF concentration for the peripheral venous blood. The serum concentration of HGF reflected pathological features, including tumour size and lymph node or liver metastasis, and it showed an association with various preoperative nutritional parameters and the preoperative haemoglobin level. The serum HGF concentration was also correlated with the serum concentrations of immunosuppressive acidic protein and interleukin-6, indices of the host's immunological condition. Serum HGF seems to be a useful index of the disease status of patients with colorectal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Fukuura
- Department of Surgery II, Mie University Medical School, Tsu, Japan
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