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He C, Yu Y, Wang F, Li W, Ni H, Xiang M. Pretreatment with interleukin-15 attenuates inflammation and apoptosis by inhibiting NF-κB signaling in sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction. Eur J Histochem 2024; 68:4019. [PMID: 38686889 PMCID: PMC11110722 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2024.4019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction (SIMD) is associated with poor prognosis and increased mortality in patients with sepsis. Cytokines are important regulators of both the initiation and progression of sepsis. Interleukin-15 (IL-15), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, has been linked to protective effects against myocardial infarction and myocarditis. However, the role of IL-15 in SIMD remains unclear. We established a mouse model of SIMD via cecal ligation puncture (CLP) surgery and a cell model of myocardial injury via lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. IL-15 expression was prominently upregulated in septic hearts as well as cardiomyocytes challenged with LPS. IL-15 pretreatment attenuated cardiac inflammation and cell apoptosis and improved cardiac function in the CLP model. Similar cardioprotective effects of IL-15 pretreatment were observed in vitro. As expected, IL-15 knockdown had the opposite effect on LPS-stimulated cardiomyocytes. Mechanistically, we found that IL-15 pretreatment reduced the expression of the pro-apoptotic proteins cleaved caspase-3 and Bax and upregulated the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. RNA sequencing and Western blotting further confirmed that IL-15 pretreatment suppressed the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling in mice with sepsis. Besides, the addition of NF-κB inhibitor can significantly attenuate cardiomyocyte apoptosis compared to the control findings. Our results suggest that IL-15 pretreatment attenuated the cardiac inflammatory responses and reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by partially inhibiting NF-κB signaling in vivo and in vitro, thereby improving cardiac function in mice with sepsis. These findings highlight a promising therapeutic strategy for SIMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaojie He
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou; Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang.
| | - Yi Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang.
| | - Feifan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang.
| | - Wudi Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang.
| | - Hui Ni
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang.
| | - Meixiang Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang.
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2
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Markin AM, Markina YV, Bogatyreva AI, Tolstik TV, Chakal DA, Breshenkov DG, Charchyan ER. The Role of Cytokines in Cholesterol Accumulation in Cells and Atherosclerosis Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076426. [PMID: 37047399 PMCID: PMC10094347 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the most common cardiovascular disease and is the number one cause of death worldwide. Today, atherosclerosis is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease with an autoimmune component, accompanied by the accumulation of cholesterol in the vessel wall and the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, endothelial dysfunction, and chronic inflammation. In the process of accumulation of atherogenic lipids, cells of the immune system, such as monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, etc., play an important role, producing and/or activating the production of various cytokines—interferons, interleukins, chemokines. In this review, we have tried to summarize the most important cytokines involved in the processes of atherogenesis.
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Carai P, Ruozi G, Paye A, Debing Y, Bortolotti F, Lecomte J, Zentilin L, Jones EAV, Giacca M, Heymans S. AAV9-mediated functional screening for cardioprotective cytokines in Coxsackievirus-B3-induced myocarditis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7304. [PMID: 35508525 PMCID: PMC9067557 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11131-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral myocarditis (VM) is an important cause of heart failure (HF) in children and adults. However, the molecular determinants involved in cardiac inflammation and cardiomyocyte necrosis remain poorly characterized, and cardioprotective molecules are currently missing. Here, we applied an in vivo method based on the functional selection (FunSel) of cardioprotective factors using AAV vectors for the unbiased identification of novel immunomodulatory molecules in a Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)-induced myocarditis mouse model. Two consecutive rounds of in vivo FunSel using an expression library of 60 cytokines were sufficient to identify five cardioprotective factors (IL9, IL3, IL4, IL13, IL15). The screening also revealed three cytokines (IL18, IL17b, and CCL11) that were counter-selected and likely to exert a detrimental effect. The pooled overexpression of the five most enriched cytokines using AAV9 vectors decreased inflammation and reduced cardiac dilatation, persisting at 1 month after treatment. Individual overexpression of IL9, the top ranking in our functional selection, markedly reduced cardiac inflammation and injury, concomitant with an increase of anti-inflammatory Th2-cells and a reduction of pro-inflammatory Th17- and Th22-cells at 14 days post-infection. AAV9-mediated FunSel cardiac screening identified IL9 and other four cytokines (IL3, IL4, IL13, and IL15) as cardioprotective factors in CVB3-induced VM in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Carai
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Vascular and Molecular Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Giulia Ruozi
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Alexandra Paye
- CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Yannick Debing
- CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Aligos Therapeutics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francesca Bortolotti
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Julie Lecomte
- CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lorena Zentilin
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Elizabeth A V Jones
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Vascular and Molecular Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mauro Giacca
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
- King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Stephane Heymans
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Vascular and Molecular Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Center for Heart Failure Research, CARIM, Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO BOX 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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4
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Guo L, Liu MF, Huang JN, Li JM, Jiang J, Wang JA. Role of interleukin-15 in cardiovascular diseases. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:7094-7101. [PMID: 32406586 PMCID: PMC7339208 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)‐15 is a recently identified cytokine, which belongs to the interleukin‐2(IL‐2) family, and plays an important role in innate and adaptive immunoreaction. Given the fact that the structure of IL‐15 is partially similar to IL‐2, they share some common biological effects, including immunoregulation. IL‐2 was proven to protect cardiac function in mouse myocardial infarction models. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) dominate the cause of mortality worldwide. Besides atherosclerosis, inflammation is also widely involved in the pathogenesis of many CVDs including hypertension, heart failure (HF) and aneurysm. IL‐15, as a pro‐inflammatory cytokine, is up‐regulated in some cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction and atherosclerosis. The current understanding of IL‐15, including its signal pathway and cellular function, was described. Furthermore, IL‐15 has a protective effect in myocardial infarction and myocarditis by decreasing cardiomyocyte death and improving heart function. The inhibited effect of IL‐15 in ductus arteriosus (DA) should be focused on. IL‐15 promoted atherogenesis. IL‐15 may be a good target in treatment of cardiovascular diabetology. Finally, future research direction of IL‐15 deserves attention. Since IL‐15 plays several roles in CVDs, understanding the role of the IL‐15/IL‐15R system may provide a scientific basis for the development of new approaches that use IL‐15 for the treatment of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Fei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ji-Niu Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Min Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-An Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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5
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Jiao J, Ooka K, Fey H, Fiel MI, Rahmman AH, Kojima K, Hoshida Y, Chen X, de Paula T, Vetter D, Sastre D, Lee KH, Lee Y, Bansal M, Friedman SL, Merad M, Aloman C. Interleukin-15 receptor α on hepatic stellate cells regulates hepatic fibrogenesis in mice. J Hepatol 2016; 65:344-353. [PMID: 27154062 PMCID: PMC5048472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Interleukin-15 (IL-15) and its high affinity receptor interleukin-15 receptor alpha (IL-15Rα) are widely expressed in immune cells and hepatic resident cells. IL-15 signaling has important functions in homeostasis of natural killer (NK), natural killer T (NKT) and cytotoxic T (CD8(+) T) cells, and in liver regeneration. We hypothesized that IL-15 has a protective role in liver fibrosis progression by maintaining NK cell homeostasis. METHODS Fibrosis was induced using two mechanistically distinct models. Congenic bone marrow transplantation was used to evaluate the contribution of IL-15 signaling from various compartments to NK, CD8(+) T and NKT cell homeostasis and fibrogenesis. The gene expression profile of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) from IL-15Rα knockout (IL-15RαKO) mice and wild-type mice were captured using microarray analysis and validated in isolated HSC. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to assess repressors of collagen transcription. RESULTS IL-15RαKO mice exhibited more fibrosis in both models. IL-15 signaling from specific types of hepatic cells had divergent roles in maintaining liver NK, CD8(+) T and NKT cells, with a direct and protective role on radio-resistant non-parenchymal cells beyond the control of NK homeostasis. HSCs isolated from IL-15RαKO mice demonstrated upregulation of collagen production. Finally, IL-15RαKO HSC with or without transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) stimulation exhibited increased expression of fibrosis markers and decreased collagen transcription repressors expression. CONCLUSIONS IL-15Rα signaling has a direct anti-fibrotic effect independent of preserving NK homeostasis. These findings establish a rationale to further explore the anti-fibrotic potential of enhancing IL-15 signaling in HSCs. LAY SUMMARY We investigated how a cellular protein, Interleukin-15 (IL-15), decreases the amount of scar tissue that is formed upon liver injury. We found that IL-15 and its receptor decrease the amount of scar tissue that is created by specialized liver cells (called stellate cells) and increase the number of a specific subgroup of immune cells (natural killer cells) that are known to eliminate stellate cells. TRANSCRIPT PROFILING ACCESSION NUMBER GSE45612, GSE 68001 and GSE 25097.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Jiao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kohtaro Ooka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Holger Fey
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maria Isabel Fiel
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adeeb H. Rahmman
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kensuke Kojima
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yujin Hoshida
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xintong Chen
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tatiana de Paula
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Diana Vetter
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Sastre
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ka Hin Lee
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Youngmin Lee
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Meena Bansal
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott L. Friedman
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miriam Merad
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Costica Aloman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,Division of Digestive Diseases, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Li J, Zhang W, Jiao R, Yang Z, Yuan Y, Wu Q, Hu Z, Xiang S, Tang Q. DIM attenuates TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast differentiation in neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:5121-5128. [PMID: 26191207 PMCID: PMC4503079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
3,3'-Diindolylmethane (DIM) is a natural component of cruciferous plants. Previous studies have shown that DIM has multiple physiological effects including anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effect. However, little is known about the role of DIM on myofibroblast differentiation and extracellular matrix (ECM) production. This study investigated the effect of DIM on myofibroblast differentiation and ECM production in neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts induced by transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1). We found that DIM blunted TGF-β1 induced conversion of cardiac fibroblast into myofibroblast, and reduced the mRNA and protein expressions of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Furthermore, DIM also significantly decreased the mRNA expression of fibrosis markers (Collagen I, Collagen III, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts induced by TGF-β1. DIM attenuated the phosphorylation AKT and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) induced by TGF-β1. Our results showed that DIM was a potential drug to attenuate myofibroblast differentiation and excessive ECM production induced by TGF-β1 through down-regulated AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Department of cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430060, China
- Cardiovascualar Research Institute of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430060, China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- Department of cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430060, China
- Cardiovascualar Research Institute of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430060, China
| | - Rong Jiao
- Department of cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430060, China
- Cardiovascualar Research Institute of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430060, China
- Department of Xiangyang Hospital, Hubei University of MedicineXiangyang 441000, China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430060, China
- Cardiovascualar Research Institute of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430060, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430060, China
- Cardiovascualar Research Institute of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430060, China
| | - Qingqing Wu
- Department of cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430060, China
- Cardiovascualar Research Institute of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430060, China
| | - Zhefu Hu
- Department of cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430060, China
- Cardiovascualar Research Institute of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430060, China
| | - Shizhao Xiang
- Department of cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430060, China
- Cardiovascualar Research Institute of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430060, China
| | - Qizhu Tang
- Department of cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430060, China
- Cardiovascualar Research Institute of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430060, China
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Langhorn R, Oyama MA, King LG, Machen MC, Trafny DJ, Thawley V, Willesen JL, Tarnow I, Kjelgaard-Hansen M. Prognostic importance of myocardial injury in critically ill dogs with systemic inflammation. J Vet Intern Med 2013; 27:895-903. [PMID: 23678990 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In noncardiac critical disease in humans, myocardial injury as detected by cardiac troponin I and T (cTnI and cTnT) has been linked to high intensive care unit (ICU) death independent of prognostic composite scoring. HYPOTHESIS Presence of myocardial injury predicts short-term death in critically ill dogs with systemic inflammation and provides additional prognostic information when combined with established canine prognostic composite scores. ANIMALS Forty-two dogs admitted to the ICU with evidence of systemic inflammation and no primary cardiac disease. METHODS Prospective cohort study. Blood samples were obtained at ICU admission for the measurement of cTnI and cTnT, C-reactive protein, and several cytokines. The acute patient physiologic and laboratory evaluation (APPLE) score and the survival prediction index were calculated within the first 24 hours of admission. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to examine the prognostic capacity of each biomarker and severity score. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate whether cardiac markers significantly contributed to severity scores. RESULTS Twenty-eight day case fatality rate was 26% (11/42 dogs). cTnI concentrations were (median [range]) 0.416 [0.004-141.5] ng/mL and cTnT concentrations were 13.5 [<13-3,744] ng/L. cTnI, cTnT, and the APPLE score were all significant prognosticators with areas under the ROC curves [95% CI] of 0.801 [0.649; 0.907], 0.790 [0.637; 0.900], and 0.776 [0.621; 0.889], respectively. cTnI significantly contributed to the APPLE score in providing additional prognostic specificity (P = .025). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Markers of myocardial injury predict short-term death in dogs with systemic inflammation and cTnI significantly contributes to the APPLE score.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Langhorn
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederksberg C, Denmark.
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Abstract
In this study, the authors explored the therapeutic effect of glycyrrhizin (GL) on Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)-induced myocarditis and its possible mechanisms involved. The results of this study showed that GL exhibited a profound amelioration of CVB3-induced myocarditis, as evidenced by improved weight loss profile, less increased serological levels of cardiac enzymes, less myocardial inflammation and increased survival rate. Further study showed that this effect was not due to the viral clearance but ascribed to weakened proinflammatory responses, as evidenced by significantly reduced expression of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and interleukin-6. Moreover, the authors demonstrated that GL administration inhibited CVB3-induced nuclear factor-κB activity efficiently by blocking the degradation of nuclear factor -κB inhibitor IκBκ. These data suggest that GL can effectively attenuate the severity of CVB3-induced myocarditis and may present as a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of viral myocarditis.
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Wurster T, Pölzelbauer C, Schönberger T, Paul A, Seizer P, Stellos K, Schuster A, Botnar RM, Gawaz M, Bigalke B. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) color reporter gene visualizes parvovirus B19 non-structural segment 1 (NS1) transfected endothelial modification. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33602. [PMID: 22438961 PMCID: PMC3305306 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human Parvovirus B19 (PVB19) has been associated with myocarditis putative due to endothelial infection. Whether PVB19 infects endothelial cells and causes a modification of endothelial function and inflammation and, thus, disturbance of microcirculation has not been elucidated and could not be visualized so far. Methods and Findings To examine the PVB19-induced endothelial modification, we used green fluorescent protein (GFP) color reporter gene in the non-structural segment 1 (NS1) of PVB19. NS1-GFP-PVB19 or GFP plasmid as control were transfected in an endothelial-like cell line (ECV304). The endothelial surface expression of intercellular-adhesion molecule-1 (CD54/ICAM-1) and extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN/CD147) were evaluated by flow cytometry after NS-1-GFP or control-GFP transfection. To evaluate platelet adhesion on NS-1 transfected ECs, we performed a dynamic adhesion assay (flow chamber). NS-1 transfection causes endothelial activation and enhanced expression of ICAM-1 (CD54: mean±standard deviation: NS1-GFP vs. control-GFP: 85.3±11.2 vs. 61.6±8.1; P<0.05) and induces endothelial expression of EMMPRIN/CD147 (CD147: mean±SEM: NS1-GFP vs. control-GFP: 114±15.3 vs. 80±0.91; P<0.05) compared to control-GFP transfected cells. Dynamic adhesion assays showed that adhesion of platelets is significantly enhanced on NS1 transfected ECs when compared to control-GFP (P<0.05). The transfection of ECs was verified simultaneously through flow cytometry, immunofluorescence microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. Conclusions GFP color reporter gene shows transfection of ECs and may help to visualize NS1-PVB19 induced endothelial activation and platelet adhesion as well as an enhanced monocyte adhesion directly, providing in vitro evidence of possible microcirculatory dysfunction in PVB19-induced myocarditis and, thus, myocardial tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wurster
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Catharina Pölzelbauer
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tanja Schönberger
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Angela Paul
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Seizer
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Stellos
- Department of Cardiology, Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Schuster
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, King's College London, The Rayne Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rene M. Botnar
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, King's College London, The Rayne Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Meinrad Gawaz
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Boris Bigalke
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, King's College London, The Rayne Institute, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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10
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Kumar K, Guirgis M, Zieroth S, Lo E, Menkis AH, Arora RC, Freed DH. Influenza myocarditis and myositis: case presentation and review of the literature. Can J Cardiol 2011; 27:514-22. [PMID: 21652168 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2011.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocarditis, a general inflammatory condition of the heart muscle, can result from a variety of etiologies, the most common being viral. Despite common pathogens, concomitant myocarditis and myositis remains a rare event. Although a common cause of respiratory illness, extrapulmonary infections with influenza are infrequent. We describe the case of a patient who presented to our centre with concomitant "seasonal" H1N1 influenza A myocarditis further complicated by pan-myositis. The patient's condition rapidly declined, eventually requiring biventricular mechanical support, in addition to multilimb fasciotomies. The cardiac support required was progressive, from a percutaneous left ventricular assist device, to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, to eventual biventricular assist device support for bridge-to-transplantation. This case motivated a detailed review of the literature (a total of 29 cases were identified), in which we found that patients with influenza myocarditis/myositis were predominantly female (63%) and young (mean age 33.2 years) and continue to have a high incidence of morbidity and mortality (27%). As a result of its atypical pattern, the 2009 H1N1 pandemic strain has gained attention. From our review, we found 7 patients with of 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza myocarditis. Serial serum cytokine analysis did not demonstrate a "cytokine storm," which has been associated with other virulent influenza strains. The PB1-F2 marker in particular has been associated with a vigorous cytokine response. The 2009 H1N1 and "seasonal" influenza strains lack this marker. In those patients with community-acquired influenza, interleukin-6 has been shown to correlate with symptoms. For patients with myocarditis resulting in shock, mechanical circulatory support has gained acceptance as a means to recovery or transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal Kumar
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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11
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Soluble transforming growth factor-β1 receptor II might inhibit transforming growth factor-β-induced myofibroblast differentiation and improve ischemic cardiac function after myocardial infarction in rats. Coron Artery Dis 2010; 21:369-77. [DOI: 10.1097/mca.0b013e32833ce0c3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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