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Torralva R, Eshleman AJ, Swanson TL, Schmachtenberg JL, Schutzer WE, Bloom SH, Wolfrum KM, Reed JF, Janowsky A. Fentanyl but not Morphine Interacts with Nonopioid Recombinant Human Neurotransmitter Receptors and Transporters. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 374:376-391. [PMID: 32513839 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.265561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic opioids, including fentanyl and its analogs, have therapeutic efficacy in analgesia and anesthesia. However, their illicit use in the United States has increased and contributed to the number one cause of death for adults 18-50 years old. Fentanyl and the heroin metabolite morphine induce respiratory depression that can be treated with the μ opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist naloxone. With higher or more rapid dosing, fentanyl, more than morphine, causes chest wall rigidity and can also induce rapid onset laryngospasm. Because non-MORs could mediate differing clinical manifestations, we examined the interactions of fentanyl and morphine at recombinant human neurotransmitter transporters, G protein-coupled receptors, and the N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor. Both drugs were agonists at MOR, κ, and δ opioid receptors. Morphine had little or no affinity at other human receptors and transporters (K i or IC50 value >100 µM). However, fentanyl had K i values of 1407 and 1100 nM at α 1A and α 1B adrenoceptor subtypes, respectively, and K i values of 1049 and 1670 nM at dopamine D4.4 and D1 receptor subtypes, respectively; it also blocked [3H]neurotransmitter uptake by the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (IC50 = 911 nM). Pharmacokinetic models indicate that these Ki and IC50 values are pharmacologically relevant. Fentanyl had little affinity for other receptors or transporters. Thus, noradrenergic disposition at specific receptor subtypes in relevant organs may play a role in respiratory and cardiothoracic effects of fentanyl. Data suggest that less selective fentanyl receptor pharmacology could play a role in the different clinical effects of morphine compared with fentanyl, including fentanyl-induced deaths after illicit use. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The synthetic opioid fentanyl induces different clinical effects, including rapid onset muscular rigidity, vocal cord closure, and rapid death, than the heroin metabolite morphine. Our data indicate for the first time that the two drugs have very different effects at recombinant human neurotransmitter receptors and transporters that might explain those clinical differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy Torralva
- Research Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon (R.T., A.J.E., T.L.S., J.L.S., W.E.S., S.H.B., K.M.W., J.F.R., A.J.); Coda Research, Portland, Oregon (R.T.); Departments of Psychiatry (R.T., A.J.E., T.L.S., J.L.S., W.E.S., S.H.B., K.M.W., J.F.R., A.J.), Behavioral Neuroscience (A.J.E., A.J.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; and The Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, VA Portland Health Care System and Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon (W.E.S., A.J.)
| | - Amy J Eshleman
- Research Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon (R.T., A.J.E., T.L.S., J.L.S., W.E.S., S.H.B., K.M.W., J.F.R., A.J.); Coda Research, Portland, Oregon (R.T.); Departments of Psychiatry (R.T., A.J.E., T.L.S., J.L.S., W.E.S., S.H.B., K.M.W., J.F.R., A.J.), Behavioral Neuroscience (A.J.E., A.J.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; and The Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, VA Portland Health Care System and Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon (W.E.S., A.J.)
| | - Tracy L Swanson
- Research Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon (R.T., A.J.E., T.L.S., J.L.S., W.E.S., S.H.B., K.M.W., J.F.R., A.J.); Coda Research, Portland, Oregon (R.T.); Departments of Psychiatry (R.T., A.J.E., T.L.S., J.L.S., W.E.S., S.H.B., K.M.W., J.F.R., A.J.), Behavioral Neuroscience (A.J.E., A.J.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; and The Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, VA Portland Health Care System and Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon (W.E.S., A.J.)
| | - Jennifer L Schmachtenberg
- Research Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon (R.T., A.J.E., T.L.S., J.L.S., W.E.S., S.H.B., K.M.W., J.F.R., A.J.); Coda Research, Portland, Oregon (R.T.); Departments of Psychiatry (R.T., A.J.E., T.L.S., J.L.S., W.E.S., S.H.B., K.M.W., J.F.R., A.J.), Behavioral Neuroscience (A.J.E., A.J.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; and The Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, VA Portland Health Care System and Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon (W.E.S., A.J.)
| | - William E Schutzer
- Research Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon (R.T., A.J.E., T.L.S., J.L.S., W.E.S., S.H.B., K.M.W., J.F.R., A.J.); Coda Research, Portland, Oregon (R.T.); Departments of Psychiatry (R.T., A.J.E., T.L.S., J.L.S., W.E.S., S.H.B., K.M.W., J.F.R., A.J.), Behavioral Neuroscience (A.J.E., A.J.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; and The Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, VA Portland Health Care System and Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon (W.E.S., A.J.)
| | - Shelley H Bloom
- Research Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon (R.T., A.J.E., T.L.S., J.L.S., W.E.S., S.H.B., K.M.W., J.F.R., A.J.); Coda Research, Portland, Oregon (R.T.); Departments of Psychiatry (R.T., A.J.E., T.L.S., J.L.S., W.E.S., S.H.B., K.M.W., J.F.R., A.J.), Behavioral Neuroscience (A.J.E., A.J.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; and The Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, VA Portland Health Care System and Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon (W.E.S., A.J.)
| | - Katherine M Wolfrum
- Research Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon (R.T., A.J.E., T.L.S., J.L.S., W.E.S., S.H.B., K.M.W., J.F.R., A.J.); Coda Research, Portland, Oregon (R.T.); Departments of Psychiatry (R.T., A.J.E., T.L.S., J.L.S., W.E.S., S.H.B., K.M.W., J.F.R., A.J.), Behavioral Neuroscience (A.J.E., A.J.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; and The Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, VA Portland Health Care System and Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon (W.E.S., A.J.)
| | - John F Reed
- Research Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon (R.T., A.J.E., T.L.S., J.L.S., W.E.S., S.H.B., K.M.W., J.F.R., A.J.); Coda Research, Portland, Oregon (R.T.); Departments of Psychiatry (R.T., A.J.E., T.L.S., J.L.S., W.E.S., S.H.B., K.M.W., J.F.R., A.J.), Behavioral Neuroscience (A.J.E., A.J.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; and The Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, VA Portland Health Care System and Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon (W.E.S., A.J.)
| | - Aaron Janowsky
- Research Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon (R.T., A.J.E., T.L.S., J.L.S., W.E.S., S.H.B., K.M.W., J.F.R., A.J.); Coda Research, Portland, Oregon (R.T.); Departments of Psychiatry (R.T., A.J.E., T.L.S., J.L.S., W.E.S., S.H.B., K.M.W., J.F.R., A.J.), Behavioral Neuroscience (A.J.E., A.J.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; and The Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, VA Portland Health Care System and Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon (W.E.S., A.J.)
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Banerjee A, Wang HY, Borgmann-Winter KE, MacDonald ML, Kaprielian H, Stucky A, Kvasic J, Egbujo C, Ray R, Talbot K, Hemby SE, Siegel SJ, Arnold SE, Sleiman P, Chang X, Hakonarson H, Gur RE, Hahn CG. Src kinase as a mediator of convergent molecular abnormalities leading to NMDAR hypoactivity in schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20:1091-100. [PMID: 25330739 PMCID: PMC5156326 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Numerous investigations support decreased glutamatergic signaling as a pathogenic mechanism of schizophrenia, yet the molecular underpinnings for such dysregulation are largely unknown. In the post-mortem dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), we found striking decreases in tyrosine phosphorylation of N-methyl-D aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunit 2 (GluN2) that is critical for neuroplasticity. The decreased GluN2 activity in schizophrenia may not be because of downregulation of NMDA receptors as MK-801 binding and NMDA receptor complexes in postsynaptic density (PSD) were in fact increased in schizophrenia cases. At the postreceptor level, however, we found striking reductions in the protein kinase C, Pyk 2 and Src kinase activity that in tandem can decrease GluN2 activation. Given that Src serves as a hub of various signaling mechanisms affecting GluN2 phosphorylation, we postulated that Src hypoactivity may result from convergent alterations of various schizophrenia susceptibility pathways and thus mediate their effects on NMDA receptor signaling. Indeed, the DLPFC of schizophrenia cases exhibit increased PSD-95 and erbB4 and decreased receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase-α (RPTPα) and dysbindin-1, each of which reduces Src activity via protein interaction with Src. To test genomic underpinnings for Src hypoactivity, we examined genome-wide association study results, incorporating 13 394 cases and 34 676 controls. We found no significant association of individual variants of Src and its direct regulators with schizophrenia. However, a protein-protein interaction-based network centered on Src showed significant enrichment of gene-level associations with schizophrenia compared with other psychiatric illnesses. Our results together demonstrate striking decreases in NMDA receptor signaling at the postreceptor level and propose Src as a nodal point of convergent dysregulations affecting NMDA receptor pathway via protein-protein associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Banerjee
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-3403
| | - Hoau-Yan Wang
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, City University of New York Medical School, New York, NY 10031
| | | | - Mathew L. MacDonald
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-3403
| | - Hagop Kaprielian
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-3403
| | - Andres Stucky
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, City University of New York Medical School, New York, NY 10031
| | - Jessica Kvasic
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, City University of New York Medical School, New York, NY 10031
| | - Chijioke Egbujo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-3403
| | - Rabindranath Ray
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-3403
| | - Konrad Talbot
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-3403
| | - Scott E Hemby
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27106
| | - Steven J. Siegel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-3403
| | - Steven E. Arnold
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-3403
| | - Patrick Sleiman
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Xiao Chang
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Raquel E. Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-3403
| | - Chang-Gyu Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-3403
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