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Belal SA, Lee J, Park J, Kang D, Shim K. The Effects of Oleic Acid and Palmitic Acid on Porcine Muscle Satellite Cells. Foods 2024; 13:2200. [PMID: 39063284 DOI: 10.3390/foods13142200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We aimed to determine the effects of oleic acid (OA) and palmitic acid (PA), alone or in combination, on proliferation, differentiation, triacylglycerol (TAG) content, and gene expression in porcine muscle satellite cells (PMSCs). Results revealed that OA-alone- and PA + OA-treated PMSCs showed significantly increased viability than those in the control or PA-alone-treated groups. No significant effects on apoptosis were observed in all three treatments, whereas necrosis was significantly lower in OA-alone- and PA + OA-treated groups than in the control and PA-alone-treated groups. Myotube formation significantly increased in OA-alone and PA + OA-treated PMSCs than in the control and PA-alone-treated PMSCs. mRNA expression of the myogenesis-related genes MyoD1 and MyoG and of the adipogenesis-related genes PPARα, C/EBPα, PLIN1, FABP4, and FAS was significantly upregulated in OA-alone- and PA + OA-treated cells compared to control and PA-alone-treated cells, consistent with immunoblotting results for MyoD1 and MyoG. Supplementation of unsaturated fatty acid (OA) with/without saturated fatty acid (PA) significantly stimulated TAG accumulation in treated cells compared to the control and PA-alone-treated PMSCs. These results indicate that OA (alone and with PA) promotes proliferation by inhibiting necrosis and promoting myotube formation and TAG accumulation, likely upregulating myogenesis- and adipogenesis-related gene expression by modulating the effects of PA in PMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah Ahmed Belal
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
- Department of Poultry Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Jeongeun Lee
- Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinryong Park
- Food Processing Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Darae Kang
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwanseob Shim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
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Babu SK, Sahoo DR, Mohanta PP, Naik PK. Exploring the antifilarial potential of an important medicinal plant Typhonium trilobatum (L. Schoot): Isolation, characterization, and structural elucidation of bioactive compounds against Brugia malayi. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 326:117858. [PMID: 38346526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE The plant Typhonium trilobatum has been utilized in traditional medicine for the treatment of many ailments, including parasitic infections. Recent examinations indicate that the bioactive substances from this plant may have antiparasitic activities against Brugia malayi, which have not been determined. PURPOSE The parasitic nematodes Brugia malayi, Brugia timori, and Wuchereria bancrofti causing lymphatic filariasis, remain a significant challenge to global public health. Given the ongoing nature of this enduring menace, the current research endeavours to examine the efficacy of an important medicinal plant, Typhonium trilobatum. METHODS Different extracts of the T. trilobatum tubers were evaluated for their antiparasitic activity. The most prominent extract was subjected to Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) followed by Column Chromatography for isolating bioactive molecules. The major compounds were isolated and characterized based on different spectroscopic techniques (FTIR, NMR and HRMS). Further, the antiparasitic activity of the isolated compounds was evaluated against B. malayi and compared with clinically used antifilarial drugs like Diethylcarbamazine and Ivermectin. RESULTS The methanolic extract of the tuber exhibited significant antiparasitic activity compared to the other extracts. The bioactive molecules isolated from the crude extract were identified as Linoleic acid and Palmitic acid. Antiparasitic activity of both the compounds has been performed against B. malayi and compared with clinically used antifilarial drugs, Ivermectin and DEC. The IC50 value of Linoleic acid was found to be 6.09 ± 0.78 μg/ml after 24 h and 4.27 ± 0.63 μg/ml after 48 h, whereas for Palmitic acid the value was 12.35 ± 1.09 μg/ml after 24 h and 8.79 ± 0.94 μg/ml after 48 h. The IC50 values of both the molecules were found to be similar to the standard drug Ivermectin (IC50 value of 11.88 ± 1.07 μg/ml in 24 h and 2.74 ± 0.43 μg/ml in 48 h), and much better compared to the DEC (IC50 values of 194.2 ± 2.28 μg/ml in 24 h and 101.8 ± 2.06 μg/ml in 48 h). Furthermore, it has been observed that both the crude extracts and the isolated compounds do not exhibit any detrimental effects on the J774.A.1 macrophage cell line. CONCLUSION The isolation and characterization of bioactive compounds present in the methanolic tuber extract of Typhonium trilobatum were explored. Moreover, the antimicrofilarial activity of the crude extracts and its two major compounds were determined using Brugia malayi microfilarial parasites without any significant side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swaraj Kumar Babu
- Centre of Excellence in Natural Products and Therapeutics, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Sambalpur, Odisha, India.
| | - Dibya Ranjan Sahoo
- Centre of Excellence in Natural Products and Therapeutics, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Sambalpur, Odisha, India.
| | - Prajna Parimita Mohanta
- Centre of Excellence in Natural Products and Therapeutics, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Sambalpur, Odisha, India.
| | - Pradeep Kumar Naik
- Centre of Excellence in Natural Products and Therapeutics, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Sambalpur, Odisha, India.
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Liu W, Zhou H, Lai W, Hu C, Xu R, Gu P, Luo M, Zhang R, Li G. The immunosuppressive landscape in tumor microenvironment. Immunol Res 2024:10.1007/s12026-024-09483-8. [PMID: 38691319 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-024-09483-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Recent advances in cancer immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), have revolutionized the clinical outcome of many cancer patients. Despite the fact that impressive progress has been made in recent decades, the response rate remains unsatisfactory, and many patients do not benefit from ICIs. Herein, we summarized advanced studies and the latest insights on immune inhibitory factors in the tumor microenvironment. Our in-depth discussion and updated landscape of tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment may provide new strategies for reversing tumor immune evasion, enhancing the efficacy of ICIs therapy, and ultimately achieving a better clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuyi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 83 Xinqiao Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, China
| | - Huyue Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 83 Xinqiao Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjing Lai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 83 Xinqiao Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, China
| | - Changpeng Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 83 Xinqiao Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, China
| | - Rufu Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 83 Xinqiao Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 83 Xinqiao Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, China
| | - Menglin Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 83 Xinqiao Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 83 Xinqiao Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, China.
| | - Guobing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 83 Xinqiao Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, China.
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Chang Y, Wang Z, Li H, Dang W, Song Y, Kang X, Zhang H. Morphological Changes and Strong Cytotoxicity in Yarrowia lipolytica by Overexpressing Delta-12-Desaturase. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:126. [PMID: 38392798 PMCID: PMC10890566 DOI: 10.3390/jof10020126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, delta-12 desaturase was overexpressed in Yarrowia lipolytica using the single-copy integrative vector pINA1312 and multicopy integrative vector pINA1292, resulting in the engineered yeast strains 1312-12 and 1292-12, respectively. The content of intracellular linoleic acid (LA) in the 1292-12 strain was much higher than in the 1312-12 strain and the control group. One interesting finding was that the 1292-12 strain showed obvious changes in surface morphology. The 1292-12 colonies were much smaller and smoother, whereas their single cells became much larger compared to the control strain. In addition, the dry cell weight (DCW) of the 1292-12 strain was obviously increased from 8.5 to 12.7 g/L, but the viable cell number sharply decreased from 107 to 105/mL. These results indicated that increased LA content in Yarrowia lipolytica could induce morphological changes or even oxidative stress-dependent cell death. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were accumulated in the 1292-12 strain, while the antioxidant activities of intracellular catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly decreased by 27.6 and 32.0%, respectively. Furthermore, it was also revealed that these issues could be ameliorated by the exogenous supplementation of vitamin C, fish and colza oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Chang
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Public Health, Qilu Medical University, Zibo 255300, China
| | - Hequn Li
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Wenrui Dang
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Yuanda Song
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Xinxin Kang
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Huaiyuan Zhang
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
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Cortellino S, Longo VD. Metabolites and Immune Response in Tumor Microenvironments. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3898. [PMID: 37568713 PMCID: PMC10417674 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The remodeled cancer cell metabolism affects the tumor microenvironment and promotes an immunosuppressive state by changing the levels of macro- and micronutrients and by releasing hormones and cytokines that recruit immunosuppressive immune cells. Novel dietary interventions such as amino acid restriction and periodic fasting mimicking diets can prevent or dampen the formation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment by acting systemically on the release of hormones and growth factors, inhibiting the release of proinflammatory cytokines, and remodeling the tumor vasculature and extracellular matrix. Here, we discuss the latest research on the effects of these therapeutic interventions on immunometabolism and tumor immune response and future scenarios pertaining to how dietary interventions could contribute to cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Cortellino
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy;
| | - Valter D. Longo
- IFOM, The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
- Longevity Institute, Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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Böttcher-Loschinski R, Rial Saborido J, Böttcher M, Kahlfuss S, Mougiakakos D. Lipotoxicity as a Barrier for T Cell-Based Therapies. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091182. [PMID: 36139021 PMCID: PMC9496045 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, T-cell-based approaches play an increasing role in cancer treatment. In particular, the use of (genetically engineered) T-cells has heralded a novel era for various diseases with previously poor outcomes. Concurrently, the relationship between the functional behavior of immune cells and their metabolic state, known as immunometabolism, has been found to be an important determinant for the success of immunotherapy. In this context, immune cell metabolism is not only controlled by the expression of transcription factors, enzymes and transport proteins but also by nutrient availability and the presence of intermediate metabolites. The lack of as well as an oversupply of nutrients can be detrimental and lead to cellular dysfunction and damage, potentially resulting in reduced metabolic fitness and/or cell death. This review focusses on the detrimental effects of excessive exposure of T cells to fatty acids, known as lipotoxicity, in the context of an altered lipid tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, implications of T cell-related lipotoxicity for immunotherapy will be discussed, as well as potential therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy Böttcher-Loschinski
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Judit Rial Saborido
- Medical Department 5–Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Böttcher
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology, and Inflammation (GCI3), Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Kahlfuss
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology, and Inflammation (GCI3), Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- CHaMP, Center for Health and Medical Prevention, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Mougiakakos
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Medical Department 5–Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology, and Inflammation (GCI3), Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
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Kaczmarek A, Wrońska AK, Kazek M, Boguś MI. Octanoic Acid-An Insecticidal Metabolite of Conidiobolus coronatus (Entomopthorales) That Affects Two Majors Antifungal Protection Systems in Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera): Cuticular Lipids and Hemocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095204. [PMID: 35563592 PMCID: PMC9101785 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The food flavour additive octanoic acid (C8:0) is also a metabolite of the entomopathogenic fungus Conidiobolus coronatus, which efficiently infects and rapidly kills Galleria mellonella. GC-MS analysis confirmed the presence of C8:0 in insecticidal fraction FR3 extracted from C. coronatus filtrate. Topical administration of C8:0 had a dose-dependent effect on survival rates of larvae but not on pupation or adult eclosion times of the survivors. Topically applied C8:0 was more toxic to adults than larvae (LD100 for adults 18.33 ± 2.49 vs. 33.56 ± 2.57 µg/mg of body mass for larvae). The administration of C8:0 on the cuticle of larvae and adults, in amounts corresponding to their LD50 and LD100 doses, had a considerable impact on the two main defense systems engaged in protecting against pathogens, causing serious changes in the developmental-stage-specific profiles of free fatty acids (FFAs) covering the cuticle of larvae and adults and damaging larval hemocytes. In vitro cultures of G. mellonella hemocytes, either directly treated with C8:0 or taken from C8:0 treated larvae, revealed deformation of hemocytes, disordered networking, late apoptosis, and necrosis, as well as caspase 1-9 activation and elevation of 8-OHdG level. C8:0 was also confirmed to have a cytotoxic effect on the SF-9 insect cell line, as determined by WST-1 and LDH tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Kaczmarek
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-875 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.W.); (M.K.); (M.I.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Katarzyna Wrońska
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-875 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.W.); (M.K.); (M.I.B.)
| | - Michalina Kazek
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-875 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.W.); (M.K.); (M.I.B.)
| | - Mieczysława Irena Boguś
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-875 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.W.); (M.K.); (M.I.B.)
- Biomibo, 04-872 Warsaw, Poland
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Liu X, Hoft DF, Peng G. Tumor microenvironment metabolites directing T cell differentiation and function. Trends Immunol 2022; 43:132-147. [PMID: 34973923 PMCID: PMC8810659 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells creates a unique tumor microenvironment (TME) characterized by the limited availability of nutrients, which subsequently affects the metabolism, differentiation, and function of tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (TILs). TILs can also be inhibited by tumor-derived metabolic waste products and low oxygen. Therefore, a thorough understanding of how such unique metabolites influence mammalian T cell differentiation and function can inform novel anticancer therapeutic approaches. Here, we highlight the importance of these metabolites in modulating various T cell subsets within the TME, dissecting how these changes might alter clinical outcomes. We explore potential TME metabolic determinants that might constitute candidate targets for cancer immunotherapies, ideally leading to future strategies for reprogramming tumor metabolism to potentiate anticancer T cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Liu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology and Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Daniel F Hoft
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology and Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, MO 63104, USA
| | - Guangyong Peng
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology and Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, MO 63104, USA.
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Alfhili MA, Aljuraiban GS. Lauric Acid, a Dietary Saturated Medium-Chain Fatty Acid, Elicits Calcium-Dependent Eryptosis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123388. [PMID: 34943896 PMCID: PMC8699421 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a leading cause of mortality worldwide, and dietary habits represent a major risk factor for dyslipidemia; a hallmark of CVD. Saturated fatty acids contribute to CVD by aggravating dyslipidemia, and, in particular, lauric acid (LA) raises circulating cholesterol levels. The role of red blood cells (RBCs) in CVD is increasingly being appreciated, and eryptosis has recently been identified as a novel mechanism in CVD. However, the effect of LA on RBC physiology has not been thoroughly investigated. RBCs were isolated from heparin-anticoagulated whole blood (WB) and exposed to 50-250 μM of LA for 24 h at 37 °C. Hemoglobin was photometrically examined as an indicator of hemolysis, whereas eryptosis was assessed by Annexin V-FITC for phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure, Fluo4/AM for Ca2+, light scatter for cellular morphology, H2DCFDA for oxidative stress, and BODIPY 581/591 C11 for lipid peroxidation. WB was also examined for RBC, leukocyte, and platelet viability and indices. LA caused dose-responsive hemolysis, and Ca2+-dependent PS exposure, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), cytosolic Ca2+ overload, cell shrinkage and granularity, oxidative stress, accumulation of lipid peroxides, and stimulation of casein kinase 1α (CK1α). In WB, LA disrupted leukocyte distribution with elevated neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) due to selective toxicity to lymphocytes. In conclusion, this report provides the first evidence of the pro-eryptotic potential of LA and associated mechanisms, which informs dietary interventions aimed at CVD prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A. Alfhili
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-504-262-597
| | - Ghadeer S. Aljuraiban
- Department of Community Health Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia;
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Kim YG, Lee JH, Lee J. Antibiofilm activities of fatty acids including myristoleic acid against Cutibacterium acnes via reduced cell hydrophobicity. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 91:153710. [PMID: 34461422 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutibacterium acnes is a major colonizer and inhabitant of human skin and contributes to the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. C. acnes either alone or with Staphylococcus aureus, which also inhabits skin, readily forms biofilms that are often tolerant of conventional antibiotics and the host immune system. It was hypothesized that the amphiphilic nature of some fatty acids (FAs) inhibit C. acnes or mixed biofilm formation. PURPOSE The antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of 24 saturated and unsaturated FAs were investigated against C. acnes as well as a mixture of the bacteria C. acnes and S. aureus. METHODS Anti-biofilm assays, antimicrobial assays, confocal laser scanning microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, extracellular polymeric substance production, and microbial adherence to hydrocarbon assay were utilized to elucidate how active FAs influence biofilm development. RESULTS Seventeen FAs at 20 µg/ml inhibited C. acnes biofilm formation by 60-99%. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 20 FAs were ≥ 500 µg/ml but 4 medium-chain FAs had MICs in a range 15 to 200 µg/ml. Interestingly, myristoleic acid inhibited biofilm formation at 1 μg/ml. Myristoleic acid also inhibited the formation of S. aureus and mixed C. acnes/S. aureus biofilms. FAs reduced C. acnes hydrophobicity and we found this was generally correlated with their antibiofilm forming efficacies. Transcriptional analyses showed that myristoleic acid modulates the expression of several biofilm-related genes such as lipase, hyaluronate lyase, and virulence-related genes. CONCLUSION This study shows myristoleic acid and other FAs inhibit biofilm formation by C. acnes and mixed biofilm formation by C. acnes and S. aureus. Hence, myristoleic acid might be useful for treating or preventing acne and C. acnes associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Guy Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyung Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jintae Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
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Lee J, Kim Y, Khadke SK, Lee J. Antibiofilm and antifungal activities of medium-chain fatty acids against Candida albicans via mimicking of the quorum-sensing molecule farnesol. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 14:1353-1366. [PMID: 33252828 PMCID: PMC8313291 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida biofilms are tolerant to conventional antifungal therapeutics and the host immune system. The transition of yeast cells to hyphae is considered a key step in C. albicans biofilm development, and this transition is inhibited by the quorum-sensing molecule farnesol. We hypothesized that fatty acids mimicking farnesol might influence hyphal and biofilm formation by C. albicans. Among 31 saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, six medium-chain saturated fatty acids, that is, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, undecanoic acid and lauric acid, effectively inhibited C. albicans biofilm formation by more than 75% at 2 µg ml-1 with MICs in the range 100-200 µg ml-1 . These six fatty acids at 2 µg ml-1 and farnesol at 100 µg ml-1 inhibited hyphal growth and cell aggregation. The addition of fatty acids to C. albicans cultures decreased the productions of farnesol and sterols. Furthermore, down-regulation of several hyphal and biofilm-related genes caused by heptanoic or nonanoic acid closely resembled the changes caused by farnesol. In addition, nonanoic acid, the most effective compound diminished C. albicans virulence in a Caenorhabditis elegans model. Our results suggest that medium-chain fatty acids inhibit more effectively hyphal growth and biofilm formation than farnesol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin‐Hyung Lee
- School of Chemical EngineeringYeungnam UniversityGyeongsanKorea
| | - Yong‐Guy Kim
- School of Chemical EngineeringYeungnam UniversityGyeongsanKorea
| | | | - Jintae Lee
- School of Chemical EngineeringYeungnam UniversityGyeongsanKorea
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Hidalgo MA, Carretta MD, Burgos RA. Long Chain Fatty Acids as Modulators of Immune Cells Function: Contribution of FFA1 and FFA4 Receptors. Front Physiol 2021; 12:668330. [PMID: 34276398 PMCID: PMC8280355 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.668330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-chain fatty acids are molecules that act as metabolic intermediates and constituents of membranes; however, their novel role as signaling molecules in immune function has also been demonstrated. The presence of free fatty acid (FFA) receptors on immune cells has contributed to the understanding of this new role of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) in immune function, showing their role as anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory molecules and elucidating their intracellular mechanisms. The FFA1 and FFA4 receptors, also known as GPR40 and GPR120, respectively, have been described in macrophages and neutrophils, two key cells mediating innate immune response. Ligands of the FFA1 and FFA4 receptors induce the release of a myriad of cytokines through well-defined intracellular signaling pathways. In this review, we discuss the cellular responses and intracellular mechanisms activated by LCFAs, such as oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), in T-cells, macrophages, and neutrophils, as well as the role of the FFA1 and FFA4 receptors in immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Hidalgo
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Maria D Carretta
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Rafael A Burgos
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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Kim YG, Lee JH, Park S, Kim S, Lee J. Inhibition of polymicrobial biofilm formation by saw palmetto oil, lauric acid and myristic acid. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 15:590-602. [PMID: 34156757 PMCID: PMC8867970 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are communities of bacteria, fungi or yeasts that form on diverse biotic or abiotic surfaces, and play important roles in pathogenesis and drug resistance. A generic saw palmetto oil inhibited biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and fungal Candida albicans without affecting their planktonic cell growth. Two main components of the oil, lauric acid and myristic acid, are responsible for this antibiofilm activity. Their antibiofilm activities were observed in dual-species biofilms as well as three-species biofilms of S. aureus, E. coli O157:H7 and C. albicans. Transcriptomic analysis showed that lauric acid and myristic acid repressed the expressions of haemolysin genes (hla and hld) in S. aureus, several biofilm-related genes (csgAB, fimH and flhD) in E. coli and hypha cell wall gene HWP1 in C. albicans, which supported biofilm inhibition. Also, saw palmetto oil, lauric acid and myristic acid reduced virulence of three microbes in a nematode infection model and exhibited minimal cytotoxicity. Furthermore, combinatorial treatment of fatty acids and antibiotics showed synergistic antibacterial efficacy against S. aureus and E. coli O157:H7. These results demonstrate that saw palmetto oil and its main fatty acids might be useful for controlling bacterial infections as well as multispecies biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Guy Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Jin-Hyung Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Sunyoung Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Sanghun Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Jintae Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Korea
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14
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Dos Santos Souza TG, da Silva MM, Feitoza GS, de Melo Alcântara LF, da Silva MA, de Oliveira AM, de Oliveira Farias de Aguiar JCR, do Amaral Ferraz Navarro DM, de Aguiar Júnior FCA, da Silva MV, Chagas CA. Biological safety of Syagrus coronata (Mart.) Becc. Fixed oil: Cytotoxicity, acute oral toxicity, and genotoxicity studies. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 272:113941. [PMID: 33610703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Syagrus coronata, popularly known as licuri, is a palm native to caatingas. The fixed oil extract of licuri nuts is used by the population of Northeast Brazil for therapeutic purposes, including as an antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and a cicatrizant agent. However, there is no scientific information on the possible harmful health effects of the oil and hence its medicinal usability is unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to analyze the biological safety and possible antioxidant activity of fixed S. Coronata oil. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chemical analysis of the oil was performed using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (CG-FID). The cytotoxicity of varying concentrations of the oil (12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL) was evaluated using the tetrazolium reduction assay in three cell lines: HEK-293 kidney embryonic cells, J774.A1 macrophages, and the tumor line Sarcoma-180 (S-180). Oral toxicity, genotoxicity, and mutagenicity tests were performed in mice which were administered a single dose of 2000 mg/kg of fixed licuri oil, by gavage. For acute toxicity tests, changes in blood and biochemical parameters, behavior, and weight were analyzed; histomorphometric analyses of the liver, kidney, and spleen were also performed. The comet assay and micronucleus (MN) test were performed to analyze genotoxicity. The antioxidant potential was assessed by the total antioxidant capacity (AAT) and DPPH elimination activity. RESULTS Licuri oil consists predominantly of saturated fatty acids, and lauric acid is the major compound. The highest concentrations of the oil showed low levels of cytotoxicity; however, LC50 was not reached in any of the tests. The acute toxicity study did not reveal any evidence of adverse effects in animals treated with oil; biochemical investigation of blood showed a decrease in blood concentration of total proteins and uric acid. The kidneys, spleen, and liver showed no morphological changes indicative of a pathological process. Genotoxic or mutagenic activity was not detected through both the comet assay and MN test. In addition, the oil showed low antioxidant activity in both methods. CONCLUSION Licuri oil from the stem of S. coronata did not present significant toxic effects as well as absence of genetic damage when administered orally. Future studies are needed to investigate its pharmacological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marllyn Marques da Silva
- Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - George Souza Feitoza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcia Vanusa da Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Núcleo de Bioprospecção da Caatinga, Instituto Nacional Do Semiárido, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | - Cristiano Aparecido Chagas
- Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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Deregulation of Lipid Homeostasis: A Fa(c)t in the Development of Metabolic Diseases. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122605. [PMID: 33291746 PMCID: PMC7761975 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipids are important molecules for human health. The quantity and quality of fats consumed in the diet have important effects on the modulation of both the natural biosynthesis and degradation of lipids. There is an important number of lipid-failed associated metabolic diseases and an increasing number of studies suggesting that certain types of lipids might be beneficial to the treatment of many metabolic diseases. The aim of the present work is to expose an overview of de novo biosynthesis, storage, and degradation of lipids in mammalian cells, as well as, to review the published data describing the beneficial effects of these processes and the potential of some dietary lipids to improve metabolic diseases.
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16
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Altinoz MA, Ozpinar A, Seyfried TN. Caprylic (Octanoic) Acid as a Potential Fatty Acid Chemotherapeutic for Glioblastoma. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 159:102142. [PMID: 32512365 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
High grade glial tumors (HGGs) including anaplastic astrocytoma (WHO Grade-III) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM, WHO Grade-IV) are among the most malignant cancers known to man. Due to their defective mitochondria, HGG cells consume glucose via glycolysis even in the presence of oxygen. Overall survival is worse in HGG patients that are hyperglycemic. Unlike normal neural cells, HGG cells cannot efficiently metabolize ketone bodies for energy. Thus, a metabolic treatment based on therapeutic ketosis (reduced glucose with elevated ketone bodies) was proposed to treat GBM and was supoported from preclinical studies. Caprylic (octanoic) acid, a monocarboxylated saturated fatty acid, is among the best producers of ketone bodies and induces necrosis of experimental tumors at high dose. Caprylic acid is enriched in coconut and in goat's milk. It is also a posttranslational modifier of the ghrelin hormone and is produced in trace amounts in human tissues. Caprylic acid is a straight-chain isomer of the antiepileptic valproic acid, which is used in treatment of HGG-associated seizures and which may increase survival in GBM patients according to epidemiological observations. Among the valproic acids analogs tested, caprylic acid is the most potent molecule to block C6 astrocytoma cell growth in vitro and accumulates selectively within glial cells as shown by Positron Emission Tomography in vivo. Caprylic acid blocks glycolysis both in healthy liver and in malignant liver cells, which is more prominent in the latter and also lowers blood glucose. Noteworthy, caprylic acid exerts neuroprotective- and mitochondria-protective effects in several models of neurodegenerative diseases. Boost injections of caprylic acid at non-toxic levels during classical ketogenic metabolic therapy may fortify antitumor actions and reduce systemic toxicity by differential programming of mitochondrial and other metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meric A Altinoz
- Department of Biochemistry, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Psychiatry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Holland.
| | - Aysel Ozpinar
- Department of Biochemistry, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
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17
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Yang Y, Huang J, Li J, Yang H, Yin Y. The Effects of Lauric Acid on IPEC-J2 Cell Differentiation, Proliferation, and Death. Curr Mol Med 2020; 20:572-581. [PMID: 32003670 DOI: 10.2174/1566524020666200128155115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lauric acid (LA) has antimicrobial effects and the potential to replace antibiotics in feeds to prevent postweaning diarrhea and increase overall swine productivity. The effects of lauric acid on the intestinal epithelial cells remain unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS This study investigates the effects of LA on pig intestinal epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2) differentiation, proliferation, and death and explores its underlying mechanisms. It was found that 0.25-0.1 mM LA promoted IPEC-J2 cell differentiation. At 1 mM or higher concentrations, it induced IPEC-J2 cell viability decreases, lipid accumulation, cell proliferation inhibition, and cell apoptosis. The cell death induced did not depend on caspase pathways. The data demonstrated that LA induced the IPEC-J2 cell autophagy and impaired autophagy flux and autophagy plays a role in protecting against LA induced-cell death. p38 MAPK inhibitor SB202190 attenuated LA-reduced IPEC-J2 cell viability. This associated with an increase in autophagy level and a decrease in lipid accumulations and FABPI levels. CONCLUSION In summary, LA promoted the IPEC-J2 cell apoptosis depends on the p38 MAPK pathways and may involve autophagy and TG metabolism regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Nutrition and Human Health Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Nutrition and Human Health Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Nutrition and Human Health Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Huansheng Yang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Nutrition and Human Health Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Nutrition and Human Health Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, Hunan 410081, China
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18
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Tanaka S, Nemoto Y, Takei Y, Morikawa R, Oshima S, Nagaishi T, Okamoto R, Tsuchiya K, Nakamura T, Stutte S, Watanabe M. High-fat diet-derived free fatty acids impair the intestinal immune system and increase sensitivity to intestinal epithelial damage. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 522:971-977. [PMID: 31810607 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In Japan and other Asian countries, increased fat uptake induced by a westernized diet is thought to be associated with an increased incidence of inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer and food allergies; however, the mechanism for this remains unclear. High-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice are common animal models used to examine the effect of fat intake in vivo. HFDs are reported to exacerbate DSS-induced colitis and intestinal tumorigenesis, but the effect of HFDs on the intestines before disease induction is often overlooked. We found that the intestinal and gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) morphology of HFD-fed mice differed from that of standard diet (SD)-fed mice. To clarify the mechanism by which fat intake increases intestinal diseases, we analyzed the morphological and immunological aspects of the intestines of HFD-fed mice as well as the molecular mechanisms and physiology. Feeding an HFD for 3 weeks induced atrophy of the small intestine, colon and GALT and reduced the number of small intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) and lamina propria lymphocytes (LPLs). Feeding an HFD for only one day reduced the number of small intestinal (SI)-IELs and SI-LPLs. The effect of feeding a 3-week HFD continued for 2 weeks after returning to the SD. The effect of the HFD on the intestinal immune system was independent of the gut microbes. We hypothesized that the cytotoxicity of the abundant HFD-derived free fatty acids in the intestinal lumen impairs the intestinal immune system. Both saturated and unsaturated free fatty acids were toxic to intestinal T-cells in vitro. Orally administering free fatty acids reduced the number of SI-IELs and LPLs. Using a lipase inhibitor to reduce the luminal free fatty acids attenuated the HFD-induced changes in the intestinal immune system, while using a statin to reduce the serum free fatty acids did not. Thus, HFD-induced free fatty acids damaged the intestines; this effect was termed "intestinal lipotoxicity". Because sustained reduction of SI-LPLs after HFD feeding exacerbated indomethacin-induced small intestinal damage, lipotoxicity to the human intestines incurred by consuming a westernized diet in Japan may increase intestinal diseases such as IBD, colorectal cancer or food allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nemoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Advanced Therapeutics for GI Diseases, TMDU, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yuria Takei
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Morikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Oshima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagaishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Advanced Therapeutics for GI Diseases, TMDU, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Okamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan; Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, TMDU, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiichiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Advanced Therapeutics for GI Diseases, TMDU, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susanne Stutte
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Walter Brendel Zentrum für Experimentelle Medizin, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Biomedical Center Munich, Germany
| | - Mamoru Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan; Advanced Research Institute, TMDU, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Chankeaw W, Guo YZ, Båge R, Svensson A, Andersson G, Humblot P. Elevated non-esterified fatty acids impair survival and promote lipid accumulation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in bovine endometrial epithelial cells. Reprod Fertil Dev 2019; 30:1770-1784. [PMID: 30086824 DOI: 10.1071/rd17537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) are associated with negative effects on bovine theca, granulosa and oviductal cells but the effects of NEFAs on bovine endometrial epithelial cells (bEECs) are not as well documented. The objective of this study was to define the effects of NEFAs on bEECs. Postprimary bEECs were treated with 150, 300 or 500µM of either palmitic acid (PA), stearic acid (SA) or oleic acid (OA) or a mixture of NEFAs (150µM of each FA) or 0.5% final concentration of vehicle ethanol (control). Viability and proliferation of bEECs exposed to 150µM of each NEFA or a mixture of NEFAs were unaffected. Increased lipid accumulation was found in all treated groups (P<0.01). In cells exposed to 500µM of each NEFA and 300µM PA decreased cell viability (P<0.001), proliferation (P<0.05) and increased apoptosis (P<0.05) were observed. Treatment with 500µM OA, PA and SA had the strongest effects on cell viability, proliferation and apoptosis (P<0.05). Treatment with PA and OA increased interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations (P<0.05), whereas only the highest concentration of PA, OA and SA stimulated IL-8 production (P<0.05). These results suggest that high concentrations of NEFAs may impair endometrial function with more or less pronounced effects depending on the type of NEFA and time of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Chankeaw
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, P.O. Box 7054, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Y Z Guo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, P.O. Box 7054, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R Båge
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, P.O. Box 7054, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A Svensson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, P.O. Box 7054, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - G Andersson
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, P.O. Box 7023, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - P Humblot
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, P.O. Box 7054, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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20
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Rao M, Dodoo E, Zumla A, Maeurer M. Immunometabolism and Pulmonary Infections: Implications for Protective Immune Responses and Host-Directed Therapies. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:962. [PMID: 31134013 PMCID: PMC6514247 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The biology and clinical efficacy of immune cells from patients with infectious diseases or cancer are associated with metabolic programming. Host immune- and stromal-cell genetic and epigenetic signatures in response to the invading pathogen shape disease pathophysiology and disease outcomes. Directly linked to the immunometabolic axis is the role of the host microbiome, which is also discussed here in the context of productive immune responses to lung infections. We also present host-directed therapies (HDT) as a clinically viable strategy to refocus dysregulated immunometabolism in patients with infectious diseases, which requires validation in early phase clinical trials as adjuncts to conventional antimicrobial therapy. These efforts are expected to be continuously supported by newly generated basic and translational research data to gain a better understanding of disease pathology while devising new molecularly defined platforms and therapeutic options to improve the treatment of patients with pulmonary infections, particularly in relation to multidrug-resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rao
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ernest Dodoo
- Department of Oncology and Haematology, Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Alimuddin Zumla
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Markus Maeurer
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Oncology and Haematology, Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt, Germany
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21
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Barroso WA, Abreu IC, Ribeiro LS, da Rocha CQ, de Souza HP, de Lima TM. Chemical composition and cytotoxic screening of Musa cavendish green peels extract: Antiproliferative activity by activation of different cellular death types. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 59:179-186. [PMID: 31018149 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Musa cavendish, commonly known as banana, is a fruit with nutritional and therapeutic properties. We investigated the chemical composition and in vitro cytotoxic effect of M. cavendish green peel extract (MHE) on cancer cells for the first time. The compounds characterization was performed by HPLC-UV/Vis and FIA-ESI-IT-MSn. We investigated in vitro cytotoxic effect of Musa cavendish green peels extract (MHE) in HepG2, A-375, MCF-7 and Caco-2 cancer cells. We evaluated the effect of MHE on proliferation of different cell lines through apoptosis, necrosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content determination. We identified 12 compounds from different classes in the extract, including derivatives of phenolic acids, aglycone flavonoids, glycoside flavonoids and catecholamines. Our results indicate that MHE exerts, after 48 h treatment, an accentuated antiproliferative effect from the dose of 100 μg/mL in all cell lines tested. In HepG2 cells, these effects were related to the induction of cell death, both necrotic and apoptotic, and remarkable changes in cell morphology. Depolarization of MMP and high ROS content were also observed in the cells in a dose-dependent manner. Our results show that MHE may be used as a source of new drugs with anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wermerson Assunção Barroso
- Emergency Medicine Department, Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, São Paulo CEP 01246-903, Brazil.
| | - Iracelle Carvalho Abreu
- Physiological Sciences Department, Laboratory of Research and Post-graduation in Pharmacology (LPPF), Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís - Maranhão. University City, Bacanga Campus, Av. dos Portugueses, 1966, Vila Bacanga, Maranhão CEP 65085-580, Brazil
| | - Larissa Sousa Ribeiro
- Physiological Sciences Department, Laboratory of Research and Post-graduation in Pharmacology (LPPF), Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís - Maranhão. University City, Bacanga Campus, Av. dos Portugueses, 1966, Vila Bacanga, Maranhão CEP 65085-580, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Quintino da Rocha
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Advanced Studies in Phytomedications (LEAF), Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís - Maranhão. University City, Center for Exact Sciences and Technology, Bacanga Campus, Av. Dos Portugueses, 1966, Vsila Bacanga, Maranhão CEP 65085-580, Brazil
| | - Heraldo Possolo de Souza
- Emergency Medicine Department, Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, São Paulo CEP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Thais Martins de Lima
- Emergency Medicine Department, Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, São Paulo CEP 01246-903, Brazil
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22
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Liu JJ, Zhang W, Wang SS, Jia ZQ, Shi YH, Yang L, Shi RL. Effects of chain length of saturated fatty acids on Aβ generation in SH-SY5Y cells. Neurosci Lett 2019; 698:169-172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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23
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ETF-QO Mutants Uncoupled Fatty Acid β-Oxidation and Mitochondrial Bioenergetics Leading to Lipid Pathology. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020106. [PMID: 30709034 PMCID: PMC6406559 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The electron-transfer flavoprotein dehydrogenase gene (ETFDH) that encodes the ETF-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETF-QO) has been reported to be the major cause of multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD). ETF-QO is an electron carrier that mainly functions in mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation and the delivery of electrons to the ubiquinone pool in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. A high frequency of c.250G>A has been found in Taiwanese patients with late-onset MADD. We postulated that the ETFDH c.250G>A mutation may concomitantly impair fatty acid β-oxidation and mitochondrial function. Using MADD patient-derived lymphoblastoid cells and specifically overexpressed ETFDH c.92C>T, c.250G>A, or coexisted c.92C>T and c.250G>A (c.92C>T + c.250G>A) mutated lymphoblastoid cells, we addressed the genotype-phenotype relationship of ETFDH variation in the pathogenesis of MADD. The decreased adenosine triphosphate synthesis, dissipated mitochondrial membrane potentials, reduced mitochondrial bioenergetics, and increased neutral lipid droplets and lipid peroxides were found in the MADD patient-derived lymphoblastoid cells. Riboflavin and/or coenzyme Q10 supplementation rescued cells from lipid droplet accumulation. All three mutant types, c.92C>T, c.250G>A, or c.92C>T + c.250G>A, had increased lipid droplet accumulation after treatment with palmitic acid. These results help to clarify the molecular pathogenesis of MADD as a result of the high frequency of the ETFDH c.250G>A and c.92C>T mutations.
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Lu S, Lu R, Song H, Wu J, Liu X, Zhou X, Yang J, Zhang H, Tang C, Guo H, Hu J, Mao G, Lin H, Su Z, Zheng H. Metabolomic study of natrin-induced apoptosis in SMMC-7721 hepatocellular carcinoma cells by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 124:1264-1273. [PMID: 30508545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Natrin, a new member of the cysteine-rich secretory protein (CRISP) family purified from the snake venom of Naja naja atra, has been demonstrated to have anticancer activity. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms need further elucidation. In this study, MTT was used to evaluate cell viability. Apoptotic cells were analyzed by employing a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Metabolomic study of the metabolic perturbations caused by natrin-induced apoptosis in differentiated SMMC-7721 cells was performed for the first time by using integrative ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF MS). To investigate the possible mechanism in the mitochondrial pathway of natrin-induced apoptosis, we measured apoptosis-related mRNA changes using real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR). Cell proliferation was significantly inhibited after treatment with natrin in a dose-dependent manner. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) clearly demonstrated that metabolic profiles were affected by natrin. The results of multivariate statistical analysis showed that a total of 13 metabolites were characterized as potential biomarkers highly implicated in natrin-induced apoptosis, which corresponded to fluctuations of five pathways, including sphingolipid metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism and glycosphingolipid biosynthesis. Furthermore, natrin-induced apoptosis showed an increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in the mitochondrial pathway compared with controls. This study illustrated that rapid and holistic cell metabolomics combining molecular biological approaches might be a powerful tool for evaluating the underlying mechanisms of natrin-induced apoptosis, which would help to deepen specific insights into the anti-hepatoma mechanisms of natrin and facilitate the clinical application of natrin in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyin Lu
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Department of Pharmacy, Liuzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Rigang Lu
- Guangxi Institute For Food and Drug Control, Nanning, China
| | - Hui Song
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
| | - Jinxia Wu
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xuwen Liu
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liuzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Jianqing Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Liuzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Hongye Zhang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Chaoling Tang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Hongwei Guo
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Liuzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Guifu Mao
- Department of Pharmacy, Liuzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Hanmei Lin
- Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine University, Nanning, China.
| | - Zhiheng Su
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
| | - Hua Zheng
- Medical Scientific Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
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Schmölz L, Schubert M, Kirschner J, Kluge S, Galli F, Birringer M, Wallert M, Lorkowski S. Long-chain metabolites of vitamin E: Interference with lipotoxicity via lipid droplet associated protein PLIN2. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:919-927. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Paśko P, Tyszka-Czochara M, Galanty A, Gdula-Argasińska J, Żmudzki P, Bartoń H, Zagrodzki P, Gorinstein S. Comparative Study of Predominant Phytochemical Compounds and Proapoptotic Potential of Broccoli Sprouts and Florets. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 73:95-100. [PMID: 29675806 PMCID: PMC5956025 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-018-0665-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The study compares lyophilized broccoli sprouts and florets in terms of their chemical composition, cytotoxic and proapoptotic potential against hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2, colorectal cancer SW480, and skin fibroblast BJ cells. Sinapic and isochlorogenic acids were predominant phenolics in the sprouts and florets, respectively. The amount of sulforaphane in the sprouts was significantly higher vs. florets. Oleic and linoleic acids dominated in the sprouts, while caproic, stearic and oleic acids in the florets. Broccoli sprouts were selectively cytotoxic on HepG2 and SW480 cells, with proapoptotic effect for the latter, while the florets were less selective, but more active, with profound proapoptotic effect for HepG2 cells (77.4%). Thus, lyophilized broccoli sprouts may be effectively used in dietary chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Paśko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Tyszka-Czochara
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Galanty
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Gdula-Argasińska
- Department of Radioligands, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Żmudzki
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Henryk Bartoń
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Zagrodzki
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Shela Gorinstein
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
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Shibata MA, Hamaoka H, Morimoto J, Kanayama T, Maemura K, Ito Y, Iinuma M, Kondo Y. Synthetic α-mangostin dilaurate strongly suppresses wide-spectrum organ metastasis in a mouse model of mammary cancer. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:1660-1671. [PMID: 29601143 PMCID: PMC5980246 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that, in a mouse model of mammary cancer, α‐mangostin alone exhibits anti‐metastatic properties. To enhance this anti‐metastatic effect, we examined the efficacy of synthetic α‐mangostin dilaurate (MGD), prepared by adding lauric acid to α‐mangostin, in the same experimental system wherein mice bearing mammary tumors are exposed to dietary MGD at 0, 2000 and 4000 ppm. Lauric acid has a high propensity for lymphatic absorption, which is the most common pathway of initial dissemination of many solid malignancies. Both mammary tumor volumes and wide‐spectrum organ metastasis were markedly reduced at 2000 and 4000 ppm: furthermore, survival in the 4000‐ppm group was significantly greater than in control mice. Apoptosis in mammary carcinomas was also significantly increased in the 4000‐ppm group, whereas blood microvessel density and lymphatic vessel invasion were markedly reduced. In real‐time PCR analyses of tumor samples, increased p21 and decreased Pcna expression were observed with 4000 ppm but values were not statistically significant when compared to expression in control tumors. However, exposure to 4000 ppm significantly decreased expression of phospho‐Akt (Ser473/Thr308) as compared to the control, indicating a role in the anti‐tumorigenic effects of MGD. These findings suggest that MGD may be useful for adjuvant therapy and chemoprevention and that conjugated medium‐chain fatty acids may enhance the efficacy of certain chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masa-Aki Shibata
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hitomi Hamaoka
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junji Morimoto
- Laboratory Animal Center, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kanayama
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kentaro Maemura
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuko Ito
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Yoichi Kondo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
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Lewis X-Carrying Neoglycolipids Evoke Selective Apoptosis in Neural Stem Cells. Neurochem Res 2017; 43:212-218. [PMID: 29019053 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2415-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
N-glycans carrying the Lewis X trisaccharide [Galβ1-4 (Fucα1-3) GlcNAc] are expressed by neural stem cells (NSCs) exclusively before differentiation, and they actively contribute to the maintenance of stemness of these cells. To address the functional roles of the Lewis X-mediated molecular interactions in NSCs, we created a series of synthetic neoglycolipids that contained a Lewis X-carrying glycan connected to an acyl chain through an amide bond. The neoglycolipids formed aqueous micelles displaying functional Lewis X glycotopes. Surprisingly, the neoglycolipid micelles evoked selective apoptosis in undifferentiated NSCs, whereas their differentiated cells remained unaffected. The apoptotic activity depended on the structural integrity of the Lewis X glycotopes and also on the length of the acyl chain, with an optimum length of C18. We propose hypothetical functional mechanisms of the neoglycolipid, which involves selective NSC targeting with Lewis X glycan and apoptotic signaling by the intracellular release of fatty acids. This serendipitous finding may offer a new strategy for controlling neural cell fates using artificial glycoclusters.
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Cury-Boaventura MF, Gorjão R, de Lima TM, Piva TM, Peres CM, Soriano FG, Curi R. Toxicity of a Soybean Oil Emulsion on Human Lymphocytes and Neutrophils. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2017; 30:115-23. [PMID: 16517956 DOI: 10.1177/0148607106030002115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incorporation of lipid emulsions in parenteral diets is a requirement for energy and essential fatty acid supply to critically ill patients. In this study, the toxicity of a lipid emulsion rich (60%) in triacylglycerol of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids on leukocytes from healthy volunteers was investigated. METHODS Eleven volunteers were recruited, and blood samples were collected before infusion of a soybean oil emulsion, immediately afterwards, and 18 hours later. The cells were studied immediately after isolation and again after 24 hours or 48 hours in culture. The following determinations were made: composition and concentration of fatty acids in plasma, lymphocytes and neutrophils, lymphocyte proliferation, levels of cell viability, DNA fragmentation, phosphatidylserine externalization, mitochondrial depolarization, reactive oxygen species production, and neutral lipid accumulation. RESULTS Soybean oil emulsion decreased lymphocyte proliferation and provoked neutrophil and lymphocyte apoptosis and necrosis. Evidence is presented herein that soybean oil emulsion is less toxic to neutrophils than to lymphocytes. The mechanism of cell death induced by this oil emulsion was characterized by mitochondrial membrane depolarization and neutral lipid accumulation but did not alter reactive oxygen species production. CONCLUSIONS Soybean oil emulsion given as a single dose of 500 mL promotes lymphocyte and neutrophil death that may enhance the susceptibility of the patients to infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fernanda Cury-Boaventura
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, and the Division of Clinical Emergency, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 1524, CEP 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil.
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Muniyan R, Gurunathan J. Lauric acid and myristic acid from Allium sativum inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra: in silico analysis reveals possible binding to protein kinase B. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:2814-2821. [PMID: 27307092 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1184691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The bulb of Allium sativum Linn (Alliaceae) has numerous medicinal values. Though the petroleum ether extract of the bulb has shown to exhibit antimycobacterial activity, the phytochemical(s) responsible for this inhibitory activity is not known. OBJECTIVE To characterize the bioactive compounds in the petroleum ether extract of Allium sativum (garlic) that inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bioactivity-guided fractionation was employed to isolate the bioactive compounds. Antimycobacterial activity was evaluated by well-diffusion method and microplate alamar blue assay (MABA). Infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were used to characterize the bioactive compounds. Autodock was used to obtain information on molecular recognition, and molecular dynamics simulation was performed using GROMACS. RESULTS The bioactive compounds that inhibited the growth of M. tuberculosis H37Ra were found to be lauric acid (LA) and myristic acid (MA). The minimal inhibitory concentration of LA and MA was found to be 22.2 and 66.7 μg/mL, respectively. In silico analysis revealed that these fatty acids could bind at the cleft between the N-terminal and C-terminal lobes of the cytosolic domain of serine/threonine protein kinase B (PknB). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The inhibition activity was dependent on the alkyl chain length of the fatty acid, and the amino acid residues involved in binding to fatty acid was found to be conserved across the Pkn family of proteins. The study indicates the possibility of using fatty acid derivatives, involving Pkn family of proteins, to inhibit the signal transduction processes in M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiniraja Muniyan
- a School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University , Vellore , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Jayaraman Gurunathan
- a School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University , Vellore , Tamil Nadu , India
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31
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Weiskirchen R, Tacke F. Immune surveillance of liver cancer in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: excess lipids cause CD4 T-cells loss and promote hepatocellular carcinoma development. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2016; 5:433-437. [PMID: 27826559 PMCID: PMC5075830 DOI: 10.21037/hbsn.2016.09.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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32
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Li L, Wang B, Yu P, Wen X, Gong D, Zeng Z. Medium and Long Chain Fatty Acids Differentially Modulate Apoptosis and Release of Inflammatory Cytokines in Human Liver Cells. J Food Sci 2016; 81:H1546-52. [PMID: 27145239 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) can be more easily absorbed and supply energy more rapidly than long chain fatty acids (LCFA). However, little is known about the inflammatory response by the treatment of MCFA in human liver cells. Thus this study used human liver cells (LO2) to evaluate the effects of MCFA on apoptosis and inflammatory response. Tetrazolim-based colorimetric assay and lactate dehydrogenase assay were used to measure the viability of LO2 cells, isolated spleens and liver cells from BALB/C mice. Inverted fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry were used to assess the cell apoptosis. Activity of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde level were measured to determine the oxidative damage. mRNA or protein levels of classical pro-inflammatory cytokines were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blotting. The results showed that the liver cells treated with the fatty acids at 200 μM for 24 h exhibited good viability. Fatty acids induced inflammatory cytokines at transcriptional and translational levels to a lesser extent than lipopolysaccharide. LCFA (oleic acid) up-regulated tumor necrosis fator-α, monocyte chemoattractant-1 and interleukin-1β while down-regulated IL-6 and IL-8 secretion to a higher extent than MCFA in mRNA and protein levels. These findings suggested that MCFA may induce apoptosis to a less extent and exert more gentle inflammation than LCFA in human liver cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lumin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang Univ, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Baogui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang Univ, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Ping Yu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Univ, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Xuefang Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang Univ, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Deming Gong
- School of Biological Sciences, The Univ. of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Zheling Zeng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Univ, Nanchang, 330031, China.,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Plant Resources, Nanchang Univ, Nanchang, 330031, China
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Drewes CC, Fiel LA, Bexiga CG, Asbahr ACC, Uchiyama MK, Cogliati B, Araki K, Guterres SS, Pohlmann AR, Farsky SP. Novel therapeutic mechanisms determine the effectiveness of lipid-core nanocapsules on melanoma models. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:1261-79. [PMID: 27099491 PMCID: PMC4821388 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s101543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a severe metastatic skin cancer with poor prognosis and no effective treatment. Therefore, novel therapeutic approaches using nanotechnology have been proposed to improve therapeutic effectiveness. Lipid-core nanocapsules (LNCs), prepared with poly(ε-caprolactone), capric/caprylic triglyceride, and sorbitan monostearate and stabilized by polysorbate 80, are efficient as drug delivery systems. Here, we investigated the effects of acetyleugenol-loaded LNC (AcE-LNC) on human SK-Mel-28 melanoma cells and its therapeutic efficacies on melanoma induced by B16F10 in C57B6 mice. LNC and AcE-LNC had z-average diameters and zeta potential close to 210 nm and -10.0 mV, respectively. CytoViva(®) microscopy images showed that LNC and AcE-LNC penetrated into SK-Mel-28 cells, and remained in the cytoplasm. AcE-LNC in vitro treatment (18-90×10(9) particles/mL; 1 hour) induced late apoptosis and necrosis; LNC and AcE-LNC (3-18×10(9) particles/mL; 48 hours) treatments reduced cell proliferation and delayed the cell cycle. Elevated levels of nitric oxide were found in supernatant of LNC and AcE-LNC, which were not dependent on nitric oxide synthase expressions. Daily intraperitoneal or oral treatment (days 3-10 after tumor injection) with LNC or AcE-LNC (1×10(12) particles/day), but not with AcE (50 mg/kg/day, same dose as AcE-LNC), reduced the volume of the tumor; nevertheless, intraperitoneal treatment caused toxicity. Oral LNC treatment was more efficient than AcE-LNC treatment. Moreover, oral treatment with nonencapsulated capric/caprylic triglyceride did not inhibit tumor development, implying that nanocapsule supramolecular structure is important to the therapeutic effects. Together, data herein presented highlight the relevance of the supramolecular structure of LNCs to toxicity on SK-Mel-28 cells and to the therapeutic efficacy on melanoma development in mice, conferring novel therapeutic mechanisms to LNC further than a drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine C Drewes
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana A Fiel
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Celina G Bexiga
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina C Asbahr
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mayara K Uchiyama
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Cogliati
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Koiti Araki
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sílvia S Guterres
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Adriana R Pohlmann
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Sandra P Farsky
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Emulsions Made of Oils from Seeds of GM Flax Protect V79 Cells against Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:7510759. [PMID: 26779302 PMCID: PMC4686677 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7510759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids, sterols, and hydrophilic phenolic compounds are components of flax oil that act as antioxidants. We investigated the impact of flax oil from transgenic flax in the form of emulsions on stressed Chinese hamster pulmonary fibroblasts. We found that the emulsions protect V79 cells against the H2O2 and the effect is dose dependent. They reduced the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species and protected genomic DNA against damage. The rate of cell proliferation increased upon treatment with the emulsions at a low concentration, while at a high concentration it decreased significantly, accompanied by increased frequency of apoptotic cell death. Expression analysis of selected genes revealed the upregulatory impact of the emulsions on the histones, acetylases, and deacetylases. Expression of apoptotic, proinflammatory, and anti-inflammatory genes was also altered. It is thus suggested that flax oil emulsions might be useful as a basis for biomedical products that actively protect cells against inflammation and degeneration. The beneficial effect on fibroblast resistance to oxidative damage was superior in the emulsion made of oil from transgenic plants which was correlated with the quantity of antioxidants and squalene. The emulsions from transgenic flax are promising candidates for skin protection against oxidative damage.
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35
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Liu TW, Heden TD, Matthew Morris E, Fritsche KL, Vieira-Potter VJ, Thyfault JP. High-Fat Diet Alters Serum Fatty Acid Profiles in Obesity Prone Rats: Implications for In Vitro Studies. Lipids 2015; 50:997-1008. [PMID: 26318121 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-015-4061-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
High-fat diets (HFD) are commonly used in rodents to induce obesity, increase serum fatty acids and induce lipotoxicity in various organs. In vitro studies commonly utilize individual free fatty acids (FFA) to study lipid exposure in an effort to model what is occurring in vivo; however, these approaches are not physiological as tissues are exposed to multiple fatty acids in vivo. Here we characterize circulating lipids in obesity-prone rats fed an HFD in both fasted and fed states with the goal of developing physiologically relevant fatty acid mixtures for subsequent in vitro studies. Rats were fed an HFD (60% kcal fat) or a control diet (10% kcal fat) for 3 weeks; liver tissue and both portal and systemic blood were collected. Fatty acid profiles and absolute concentrations of triglycerides (TAG) and FFA in the serum and TAG, diacylglycerol (DAG) and phospholipids in the liver were measured. Surprisingly, both systemic and portal serum TAG were ~40% lower in HFD-fed compared to controls. Overall, compared to the control diet, HFD feeding consistently induced an increase in the proportion of circulating polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) with a concomitant decline in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both serum TAG and FFA. The elevations of PUFA were mostly attributed to increases in n-6 PUFA, linoleic acid and arachidonic acid. In conclusion, fatty acid mixtures enriched with linoleic and arachidonic acid in addition to SFA and MUFA should be utilized for in vitro studies attempting to model lipid exposures that occur during in vivo HFD conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Wen Liu
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. .,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Timothy D Heden
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. .,Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27843, USA.
| | - E Matthew Morris
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 2067 Hemenway Life Sciences and Innovation Center, MS: 3043, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas, KS, 66160, USA.
| | - Kevin L Fritsche
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. .,Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | | | - John P Thyfault
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 2067 Hemenway Life Sciences and Innovation Center, MS: 3043, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas, KS, 66160, USA. .,Research Service, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas, MO, 64128, USA.
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36
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Anti-apoptotic effects of novel phenolic antioxidant isolated from the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) on cultured human hepatocytes under oxidative stress. Food Chem 2015; 176:226-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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37
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Kitaura Y, Inoue K, Kato N, Matsushita N, Shimomura Y. Enhanced oleate uptake and lipotoxicity associated with laurate. FEBS Open Bio 2015; 5:485-91. [PMID: 26106523 PMCID: PMC4475777 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Free fatty acids have been reported to induce cell death (lipotoxicity), but the effects depend on the carbon chain length and number of double bonds. Medium-chain saturated fatty acids (MC-SFAs), such as laurate, have less lipotoxicity than long-chain saturated fatty acids (LC-SFAs), such as palmitate. Monounsaturated fatty acids, such as oleate, have also been reported not only to exert cytotoxic effects, but also to reduce the lipotoxicity of LC-SFA. However the interaction between MC-SFA and oleate with respect to cell death is unclear. In this report, we found that lipotoxicity was enhanced by a combination of laurate and oleate relative to either fatty acid alone. The possible mechanisms involved were examined by measuring the production of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial depolarization, caspase-3 activity, and lipid droplet formation. Although the stress signals and cell death pathways were distinct among different cell types, we found a common phenomenon of enhanced lipid droplet formation in all cells tested. Using fluorescent- or radioisotope-labeled fatty acids, we found that oleate, but not laurate, increased the uptake of fluorescent-labeled fatty acids, and the combinatory effect was more efficient than with oleate alone. We also found that laurate increased oleate uptake, but the effect of oleate on laurate uptake varied among cell types. These results suggest that laurate enhances the influx rate of oleate, the increased intracellular concentration of which not only enhances lipid storage, but also induces cell death by lipotoxic stress responses, which vary according to cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Kitaura
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kana Inoue
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Naoki Kato
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Nahomi Matsushita
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Shimomura
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
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38
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Kruska N, Schönfeld P, Pujol A, Reiser G. Astrocytes and mitochondria from adrenoleukodystrophy protein (ABCD1)-deficient mice reveal that the adrenoleukodystrophy-associated very long-chain fatty acids target several cellular energy-dependent functions. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:925-36. [PMID: 25583114 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder resulting from defective ABCD1 transport protein. ABCD1 mediates peroxisomal uptake of free very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) as well as their CoA-esters. Consequently, VLCFA accumulate in patients' plasma and tissues, which is considered as pathogenic X-ALD triggering factor. Clinical symptoms are mostly manifested in neural tissues and adrenal gland. Here, we investigate astrocytes from wild-type control and a genetic X-ALD mouse model (Abcd1-knockout), exposed to supraphysiological VLCFA (C22:0, C24:0 and C26:0) concentrations. They exhibit multiple impairments of energy metabolism. Furthermore, brain mitochondria from Abcd1(-/-) mice and wild-type control respond similarly to VLCFA with increased ROS generation, impaired oxidative ATP synthesis and diminished Ca(2+) uptake capacity, suggesting that a defective ABCD1 exerts no adaptive pressure on mitochondria. In contrast, astrocytes from Abcd1(-/-) mice respond more sensitively to VLCFA than wild-type control astrocytes. Moreover, long-term application of VLCFA induces high ROS generation, and strong in situ depolarization of mitochondria, and, in Abcd1(-/-) astrocytes, severely diminishes the capability to revert oxidized pyridine nucleotides to NAD(P)H. In addition, observed differences in responses of mitochondria and astrocytes to the hydrocarbon chain length of VLCFA suggest that detrimental VLCFA activities in astrocytes involve defective cellular functions other than mitochondria. In summary, we clearly demonstrate that VLCFA increase the vulnerability of Abcd1(-/-) astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicol Kruska
- Institut für Neurobiochemie, Medizinische Fakultät, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Peter Schönfeld
- Institut für Biochemie und Zellbiologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Aurora Pujol
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, ICREA and Institut d'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat 08908 Barcelona, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII Madrid, Spain
| | - Georg Reiser
- Institut für Neurobiochemie, Medizinische Fakultät, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
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39
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Skřivanová E, Hovorková P, Čermák L, Marounek M. Potential Use of Caprylic Acid in Broiler Chickens: Effect on Salmonella Enteritidis. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2015; 12:62-7. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2014.1833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Skřivanová
- Institute of Animal Science, Department of Physiology of Nutrition and Quality of Animal Products, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition, and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Hovorková
- Institute of Animal Science, Department of Physiology of Nutrition and Quality of Animal Products, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition, and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Čermák
- Institute of Animal Science, Department of Physiology of Nutrition and Quality of Animal Products, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Marounek
- Institute of Animal Science, Department of Physiology of Nutrition and Quality of Animal Products, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition, and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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40
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de Jong AJ, Kloppenburg M, Toes REM, Ioan-Facsinay A. Fatty acids, lipid mediators, and T-cell function. Front Immunol 2014; 5:483. [PMID: 25352844 PMCID: PMC4195378 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Research toward the mechanisms underlying obesity-linked complications has intensified during the last years. As a consequence, it has become clear that metabolism and immunity are intimately linked. Free fatty acids and other lipids acquired in excess by current feeding patterns have been proposed to mediate this link due to their immune modulatory capacity. The functional differences between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, in combination with their dietary intake are believed to modulate the outcome of immune responses. Moreover, unsaturated fatty acids can be oxidized in a tightly regulated and specific manner to generate either potent pro-inflammatory or pro-resolving lipid mediators. These oxidative derivatives of fatty acids have received detailed attention during the last years, as they have proven to have strong immune modulatory capacity, even in pM ranges. Both fatty acids and oxidized fatty acids have been studied especially in relation to macrophage and T-cells functions. In this review, we propose to focus on the effect of fatty acids and their oxidative derivatives on T-cells, as it is an active area of research during the past 5 years. The effect of fatty acids and their derivatives on activation and proliferation of T-cells, as well as the delicate balance between stimulation and lipotoxicity will be discussed. Moreover, the receptors involved in the interaction between free fatty acids and their derivatives with T-cells will be summarized. Finally, the mechanisms involved in modulation of T-cells by fatty acids will be addressed, including cellular signaling and metabolism of T-cells. The in vitro results will be placed in context of in vivo studies both in humans and mice. In this review, we summarize the latest findings on the immune modulatory function of lipids on T-cells and will point out novel directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja J de Jong
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - Margreet Kloppenburg
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - René E M Toes
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre , Leiden , Netherlands
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41
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Yamasaki M, Soda S, Sakakibara Y, Suiko M, Nishiyama K. The importance of 1,2-dithiolane structure in α-lipoic acid for the downregulation of cell surface β1-integrin expression of human bladder cancer cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 78:1939-42. [PMID: 25081893 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.943647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Here, we show that cell surface β1-integrin expression, cell adhesion to fibronectin, migration, and invasion were all significantly inhibited by α-lipoic acid. These effects were not observed when cells were treated with dihydrolipoic acid or caprylic acid. These data reveal that the 1,2-dithiolane structure plays an important role in the action of α-lipoic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Yamasaki
- a Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences , University of Miyazaki , Miyazaki , Japan
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42
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Porterfield M, Zhao P, Han H, Cunningham J, Aoki K, Von Hoff DD, Demeure MJ, Pierce JM, Tiemeyer M, Wells L. Discrimination between adenocarcinoma and normal pancreatic ductal fluid by proteomic and glycomic analysis. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:395-407. [PMID: 24328148 PMCID: PMC3946306 DOI: 10.1021/pr400422g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Sensitive and specific biomarkers for pancreatic cancer are currently unavailable. The high mortality associated with adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic epithelium justifies the broadest possible search for new biomarkers that can facilitate early detection or monitor treatment efficacy. Protein glycosylation is altered in many cancers, leading many to propose that glycoproteomic changes may provide suitable biomarkers. In order to assess this possibility for pancreatic cancer, we have performed an in-depth LC-MS/MS analysis of the proteome and MS(n)-based characterization of the N-linked glycome of a small set of pancreatic ductal fluid obtained from normal, pancreatitis, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN), and pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients. Our results identify a set of seven proteins that were consistently increased in cancer ductal fluid compared to normal (AMYP, PRSS1, GP2-1, CCDC132, REG1A, REG1B, and REG3A) and one protein that was consistently decreased (LIPR2). These proteins are all directly or indirectly associated with the secretory pathway in normal pancreatic cells. Validation of these changes in abundance by Western blotting revealed increased REG protein glycoform diversity in cancer. Characterization of the total N-linked glycome of normal, IPMN, and adenocarcinoma ductal fluid clustered samples into three discrete groups based on the prevalence of six dominant glycans. Within each group, the profiles of less prevalent glycans were able to distinguish normal from cancer on this small set of samples. Our results emphasize that individual variation in protein glycosylation must be considered when assessing the value of a glycoproteomic marker, but also indicate that glycosylation diversity across human subjects can be reduced to simpler clusters of individuals whose N-linked glycans share structural features.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lance Wells
- Co-corresponding authors: Michael Tiemeyer, and Lance Wells,
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43
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The biological activities of protein/oleic acid complexes reside in the fatty acid. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2013; 1834:1125-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2013.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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44
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Brinkmann CR, Brodkorb A, Thiel S, Kehoe JJ. The cytotoxicity of fatty acid/α-lactalbumin complexes depends on the amount and type of fatty acid. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201200165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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45
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Wu C, Han L, Riaz H, Wang S, Cai K, Yang L. The chemopreventive effect of β-cryptoxanthin from mandarin on human stomach cells (BGC-823). Food Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.09.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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46
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Sy Mohamad SF, Mohamad S, Aziz AA. The Susceptibility of Aphids, Aphis gossypii Glover to Lauric Acid based Natural Pesticide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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47
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Fauser J, Matthews G, Cummins A, Howarth G. Induction of Apoptosis by the Medium-Chain Length Fatty Acid Lauric Acid in Colon Cancer Cells due to Induction of Oxidative Stress. Chemotherapy 2013; 59:214-24. [DOI: 10.1159/000356067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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48
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Polyunsaturated fatty acids cause apoptosis in C. albicans and C. dubliniensis biofilms. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1820:1463-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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49
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Landry B, Aliabadi HM, Samuel A, Gül-Uludağ H, Jiang X, Kutsch O, Uludağ H. Effective non-viral delivery of siRNA to acute myeloid leukemia cells with lipid-substituted polyethylenimines. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44197. [PMID: 22952927 PMCID: PMC3432090 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Use of small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a promising approach for AML treatment as the siRNA molecule can be designed to specifically target proteins that contribute to aberrant cell proliferation in this disease. However, a clinical-relevant means of delivering siRNA molecules must be developed, as the cellular delivery of siRNA is problematic. Here, we report amphiphilic carriers combining a cationic polymer (2 kDa polyethyleneimine, PEI2) with lipophilic moieties to facilitate intracellular delivery of siRNA to AML cell lines. Complete binding of siRNA by the designed carriers was achieved at a polymer:siRNA ratio of ∼0.5 and led to siRNA/polymer complexes of ∼100 nm size. While the native PEI2 did not display cytotoxicity on AML cell lines THP-1, KG-1 and HL-60, lipid-modification on PEI2 slightly increased the cytotoxicity, which was consistent with increased interaction of polymers with cell membranes. Cellular delivery of siRNA was dependent on the nature of lipid substituent and the extent of lipid substitution, and varied among the three AML cell lines used. Linoleic acid-substituted polymers performed best among the prepared polymers and gave a siRNA delivery equivalent to better performing commercial reagents. Using THP-1 cells and a reporter (GFP) and an endogenous (CXCR4) target, effective silencing of the chosen targets was achieved with 25 to 50 nM of siRNA concentrations, and without adversely affecting subsequent cell growth. We conclude that lipid-substituted PEI2 can serve as an effective delivery of siRNA to leukemic cells and could be employed in molecular therapy of leukemia.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Death
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Down-Regulation/genetics
- Gene Expression
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Gene Silencing
- Gene Transfer Techniques
- Genes, Reporter
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Indicators and Reagents
- Inhibitory Concentration 50
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Lipids/chemistry
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Polyethyleneimine/chemistry
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Receptors, CXCR4/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism
- Serum/metabolism
- Temperature
- Trypan Blue
- Viruses/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanne Landry
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hamidreza Montazeri Aliabadi
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anuja Samuel
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hilal Gül-Uludağ
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xiaoyan Jiang
- Terry Fox Laboratories, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Olaf Kutsch
- Centre for AIDS Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Hasan Uludağ
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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50
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Effects of albumin-bound-fatty acids on the growth of the human T lymphoblastic cell line Jurkat. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2011; 47:615-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-011-9454-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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