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Liu X, Li YG, Tan F, Liu J, Yi R, Zhao X. Three functional polymorphisms in CCDC170 were associated with osteoporosis phenotype. Biol Open 2021; 10:bio.050930. [PMID: 33785515 PMCID: PMC8061906 DOI: 10.1242/bio.050930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play essential roles in regulating bone formation and homeostasis. Genomic variations within miRNA target sites may therefore be important sources of genetic differences in osteoporosis risk. The function of CCDC170 in bone biology is still unclear. To verify the function of CCDC170, we knocked down CCDC170 in cells and mice and searched for miRNA recognition sites within CCDC170 using the TargetScan, miRNASNP, and miRBase databases. In this study, our results demonstrated that CCDC170 plays an important role in the positive regulation of bone formation. MiR-153-3p, miR-374b-3p, miR-4274, miR-572 and miR-2964a-5p inhibited CCDC170 expression in an allele-specific manner by binding GWAS lead SNPs rs6932603, rs3757322 and rs3734806. These findings may improve our understanding of the association between CCDC170, miRNAs, GWAS lead SNPs, and osteoporosis pathogenesis and may provide a potential therapeutic target for osteoporosis therapy. Summary: CCDC170 may provide a potential therapeutic target for osteoporosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhong Liu
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.,Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.,College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Yu-Gang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Fang Tan
- Department of Public Health, Our Lady of Fatima University, Valenzuela 838, Philippines
| | - Jia Liu
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.,Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Ruokun Yi
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.,Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.,Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
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Lampart S, Azzarello-Burri S, Henzen C, Fischli S. Special form of osteoporosis in a 53-year-old man. BMJ Case Rep 2018; 11:11/1/e226672. [PMID: 30567240 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-226672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Male osteoporosis often remains unrecognised. Osteoporotic fractures occur approximately 10 years later in men than in women due to higher peak bone mass. However, 30% of all hip fractures occur in men. Risk factors of osteoporotic fractures can be grouped into primary and secondary causes. We present the case of a 53-year-old man, who suffered a compression fracture of a lumbar vertebra after a generalised seizure and an atraumatic rib fracture 5 months later. We could exclude secondary causes of bone mineral loss such as primary hyperparathyroidism, glucocorticoid use and hypogonadism. However, a heterozygous missense mutation of the COL1A1 gene in exon 48 in further search of a secondary cause was found. Therapy was changed from bisphosphonate treatment to teriparatide. Considering the lack of other osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) symptoms and signs, the patient's illness can be classified as mild. OI should be considered as differential diagnosis in unexplained cases with osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lampart
- Department of Internal Medicine, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Luzern, Switzerland
| | | | - Christoph Henzen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Luzern, Switzerland.,Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Luzern, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Fischli
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Luzern, Switzerland
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Choi HJ, Park H, Zhang L, Kim JH, Kim YA, Yang JY, Pei YF, Tian Q, Shen H, Hwang JY, Deng HW, Cho NH, Shin CS. Genome-wide association study in East Asians suggests UHMK1 as a novel bone mineral density susceptibility gene. Bone 2016; 91:113-21. [PMID: 27424934 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To identify genetic variants that influence bone mineral density (BMD) in East Asians, we performed a quantitative trait analysis of lumbar spine, total hip and femoral neck BMD in a Korean population-based cohort (N=2729) and follow-up replication analysis in a Chinese Han population and two Caucasian populations (N=1547, 2250 and 987, respectively). From the meta-analysis of the stage 1 discovery analysis and stage 2 replication analysis, we identified four BMD loci that reached near-genome-wide significance level (P<5×10(-7)). One locus on 1q23 (UHMK1, rs16863247, P=4.1×10(-7) for femoral neck BMD and P=3.2×10(-6) for total hip BMD) was a novel BMD signal. Interestingly, rs16863247 was very rare in Caucasians (minor allele frequency<0.01), indicating that this association could be specific to East Asians. In gender specific analysis, rs1160574 on 1q32 (KCNH1) was associated with femoral neck BMD (P=2.1×10(-7)) in female subjects. rs9371538 in the known BMD region on 6q25 ESR1 was associated with lumbar spine BMD (P=5.6×10(-9)). rs7776725 in the known BMD region on 7q31 WTN16 was associated with total hip BMD (P=8.6×10(-9)). In osteoblasts, endogenous UHMK1 expression was increased during differentiation and UHMK1 knockdown decreased its differentiation, while UHMK1 overexpression increased its differentiation. In osteoclasts, endogenous UHMK1 expression was decreased during differentiation and UHMK1 knockdown increased its differentiation, while UHMK1 overexpression decreased its differentiation. In conclusion, our genome-wide association study identified the UHMK1 gene as a novel BMD locus specific to East Asians. Functional studies suggest a role of UHMK1 on regulation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Jin Choi
- Department of Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojung Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Lei Zhang
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jung Hee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye An Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yeon Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Fang Pei
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Qing Tian
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University, New Orleans, USA
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University, New Orleans, USA
| | - Joo-Yeon Hwang
- Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University, New Orleans, USA
| | - Nam H Cho
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chan Soo Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Twins are two independent babies delivered during the same pregnancy and are divided as monozygotic or dizygotic based on their origin. Dizygotic twins are similar to two siblings and have different genetic information. In contrary, monozygotic twins have a similar genetic identity and provide a unique opportunity to evaluate the contribution of genetic and environmental factors of the disease. The endocrine and metabolic disorders affect a large number of the population including the twins. Diabetes, obesity, and autoimmune thyroid disease are the most common endocrine disorders in general practice. It is essential to understand the genetic basis of endocrine disorders for therapy, prognostication and risk assessment for future generations. In this article, we review the endocrine disorders in relation to their occurrence in monozygotic twins to highlight the genetic and environmental contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K. D. Modi
- Department of Endocrinology, CARE Hospitals, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Bone Mineral Density in Children From Anthropological and Clinical Sciences: A Review. ANTHROPOLOGICAL REVIEW 2014. [DOI: 10.2478/anre-2014-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Bone mineral density (BMD) is a frequent topic of discussion in the clinical literature in relation to the bone health of both adults and children. However, in archaeological and/ or anthropological studies the role of BMD is often cited as a possible factor in the poor skeletal preservation which can lead to an under-representation of juvenile skeletal remains. During skeletal development and growth throughout childhood and adolescence changes take place in both the size and shape of bones and these changes also result in the increasing of mineral content. BMD can be affected by many factors, which include, age, genetics, sexual maturation, amount of physical activity and dietary calcium. This paper aims to review the clinical and anthropological literature on BMD and discuss the numerous methods of measurement and how the availability of certain methods such as Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and quantitative computed tomography (QCT) can influence the study of bone density in archaeological skeletal collections and also the future potential for forensic anthropological studies.
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Koromila T, Georgoulias P, Dailiana Z, Ntzani EE, Samara S, Chassanidis C, Aleporou-Marinou V, Kollia P. CER1 gene variations associated with bone mineral density, bone markers, and early menopause in postmenopausal women. Hum Genomics 2013; 7:21. [PMID: 24138842 PMCID: PMC3844872 DOI: 10.1186/1479-7364-7-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoporosis has a multifactorial pathogenesis characterized by a combination of low bone mass and increased fragility. In our study, we focused on the effects of polymorphisms in CER1 and DKK1 genes, recently reported as important susceptibility genes for osteoporosis, on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone markers in osteoporotic women. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of CER1 and DKK1 variations in 607 postmenopausal women. The entire DKK1 gene sequence and five selected CER1 SNPs were amplified and resequenced to assess whether there is a correlation between these genes and BMD, early menopause, and bone turnover markers in osteoporotic patients. Results Osteoporotic women seem to suffer menopause 2 years earlier than the control group. The entire DKK1 gene sequence analysis revealed six variations. There was no correlation between the six DKK1 variations and osteoporosis, in contrast to the five common CER1 variations that were significantly associated with BMD. Additionally, osteoporotic patients with rs3747532 and rs7022304 CER1 variations had significantly higher serum levels of parathyroid hormone and calcitonin and lower serum levels of osteocalcin and IGF-1. Conclusions No significant association between the studied DKK1 variations and osteoporosis was found, while CER1 variations seem to play a significant role in the determination of osteoporosis and a potential predictive role, combined with bone markers, in postmenopausal osteoporotic women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Panagoula Kollia
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Department of Genetics & Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 15701, Greece.
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Association of the formiminotransferase N-terminal sub-domain containing gene and thrombospondin, type 1, domain-containing 7A gene with the prevalence of vertebral fracture in 2427 consecutive autopsy cases. J Hum Genet 2013; 58:109-12. [PMID: 23303384 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2012.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported 2 osteoporosis-susceptibility genes--formiminotransferase N-terminal sub-domain containing gene (FONG) and thrombospondin, type 1, domain-containing 7A (THSD7A)--in which we identified two common single-nucleotide polymorphisms, rs7605378 (FONG) and rs12673692 (THSD7A). The former was associated with a predisposition to osteoporosis and the latter with bone mineral density. To further elucidate the importance of these polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, we examined their association with the incidence of vertebral fracture. DNA extracted from the renal cortex of 2427 consecutive Japanese autopsies (1331 men, mean age: 79 years; 1096 women, mean age: 82 years) were examined in this study. The presence or absence of vertebral fracture during each subject's lifetime was determined by a thorough examination of the clinical records, as well as autopsy reports. After adjustments for sex and age at autopsy, logistic regression analysis revealed that homozygotes for the risk alleles of rs7605378 (A-allele) or rs12673629 (A-allele) possess an increased risk of vertebral fracture. The subjects simultaneously homozygous for both the risk alleles of rs7605378 (AA genotype) and rs12673629 (AA genotype) showed significantly higher risk of vertebral fracture (odds ratio 2.401, 95% confidence interval 1.305-4.416, P = 0.0048) than those who had at least one non-risk allele of either rs7605378 (AC/CC genotypes) or rs12673629 (AG/GG genotypes). The results suggest that Japanese subjects homozygous for the risk alleles of rs7605378 and rs12673629 have a higher risk of vertebral fracture.
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Honma N, Mori S, Zhou H, Ikeda S, Mieno MN, Tanaka N, Takubo K, Arai T, Sawabe M, Muramatsu M, Ito H. Association between estrogen receptor-β dinucleotide repeat polymorphism and incidence of femoral fracture. J Bone Miner Metab 2013; 31:96-101. [PMID: 22948905 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-012-0383-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Estrogens are thought to play an important role in bone metabolism through estrogen receptors (ER). Dinucleotide (cytosine-adenine, CA) repeat polymorphism in the human ER-β gene (ESR2) has been reported to be associated with bone mineral density. We aimed to further elucidate the importance of this polymorphism in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis by examining its association with the incidence of femoral fracture. Deoxyribonucleic acids extracted from the renal cortex of 1489 consecutive Japanese autopsies (799 male, mean age 79 years, 690 female, mean age 82 years) with complete clinical/pathological data were enrolled in the study. ESR2 CA repeat polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction using fluorescein-labeled primers. The presence or absence of femoral fracture during each subject's lifetime was determined by thorough examination of the clinical record. Incidence of femoral fracture in subjects bearing at least one allele of 20 CA repeats (4/132, 3.0 %) was significantly lower than in those without this allele (127/1357, 9.4 %, P = 0.0098). After adjustments for age and sex, logistic regression analysis revealed that having no allele of 20 CA repeats was an independent risk factor of femoral fracture [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 3.875, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.392-10.788, P = 0.0095], which was emphasized among women (adjusted OR 6.360, 95 % CI 1.520-26.618, P = 0.0133). Japanese subjects, especially women, bearing at least one allele of 20 CA repeats in the ESR2 may have a lower risk of femoral fracture than those without it, suggesting this polymorphism plays a role in bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Honma
- Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakaecho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan.
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Koromila T, Dailiana Z, Samara S, Chassanidis C, Tzavara C, Patrinos GP, Aleporou-Marinou V, Kollia P. Novel sequence variations in the CER1 gene are strongly associated with low bone mineral density and risk of osteoporotic fracture in postmenopausal women. Calcif Tissue Int 2012; 91:15-23. [PMID: 22543871 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-012-9602-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common skeletal disease characterized by a combination of low bone mass and increased fragility. In this case-control study, we investigated the possible association of two novel candidate genes, CER1 and TOB1, with bone mineral density (BMD) and fragility risk in 300 postmenopausal women of Hellenic origin. The entire CER1 and TOB1 gene sequences were amplified and resequenced to assess whether there is a correlation between these genes and BMD. We identified 26 variants in both genes. Statistical analysis did not reveal any correlation between TOB1 and osteoporosis. However, CER1 genetic analysis indicated that five polymorphisms, c.194C>G, c.507+506G>T, c.508-182A>G, c.531A>G, and c.*121T>C, were correlated, with a mean T score ≤-2.2. In particular, the greater number of vertebral fractures was found in patients with osteoporosis carrying the G allele of c.531A>G SNP (p = 0.015). When multiple logistic regression analysis was performed, only the c.507+506G>T polymorphism was independently associated with hip fractures or the presence of any fracture (OR = 6.95, p = 0.016, and OR = 5.33, p < 0.001, respectively). These results suggest that CER1 gene variations play a significant role in determining BMD and vertebral or hip fractures, which might be helpful in clinical practice to identify patients with increased fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Koromila
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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The effect of bone morphogenetic protein-2, bone morphogenetic protein-7, parathyroid hormone, and platelet-derived growth factor on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells derived from osteoporotic bone. J Orthop Trauma 2010; 24:552-6. [PMID: 20736793 DOI: 10.1097/bot.0b013e3181efa8fe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It has been previously shown that in patients with osteoporosis, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) growth rate and osteogenic potential is decreased contributing to inferior fracture consolidation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), BMP-7, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs derived from patients with osteoporosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Trabecular bone was obtained from 10 patients (four males, mean age 76 years) with lower extremity osteoporotic fractures. MSCs were isolated by enzymatic digestion. Functional assays of proliferation and osteogenic differentiation were performed under the influence of a wide range of concentrations of BMP-2, BMP-7, PTH, and PDGF-BB. Proliferation was assessed using CFU-F and XTT assays. Osteogenic differentiation was assessed by alkaline phosphatase activity and total calcium production. RESULTS MSC proliferation was found to be stimulated by supplementation with BMP-7 and PDGF-BB, whereas BMP-2 and PTH had little effect. The largest increase in proliferation rate was observed after administration 100 ng/mL of BMP-7. All four molecules induced alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium production in growing osteoblasts with a dose-dependent effect noted. BMP-2 and BMP-7 at their highest studied concentration (100 ng/mL) produced a threefold increase in the osteogenic potential of MSCs. CONCLUSION BMP-7, BMP-2, PTH, and PDGF-BB were observed to have a positive effect on osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. BMP-7 and PDGF-BB (in high doses) could be considered most potentially advantageous because they enhance both proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs derived from elderly osteoporotic bone.
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Mori S, Fuku N, Chiba Y, Tokimura F, Hosoi T, Kimbara Y, Tamura Y, Araki A, Tanaka M, Ito H. Cooperative effect of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and a polymorphism of transforming growth factor-beta1 gene on the prevalence of vertebral fractures in postmenopausal osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Metab 2010; 28:446-50. [PMID: 20052600 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-009-0147-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2009] [Accepted: 11/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A T869-->C polymorphism of the transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) gene is reported to be associated with genetic susceptibility to both osteoporosis and vertebral fractures. A low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level is known to be associated with a higher risk for hip fracture. This study aimed to assess a possible cooperative effect of the gene polymorphism and vitamin D status on vertebral fracture risk. The prevalence of vertebral fracture in 168 postmenopausal female patients with osteoporosis was analyzed, and its association with the TGF-beta1 gene polymorphism and serum 25(OH)D concentration was assessed cross-sectionally. The fracture prevalence increased according to the rank order of the TGF-beta1 genotypes CC < CT < TT, as expected. A significant difference was found not only between the CC and TT genotypes (P = 0.005) but also between the CC and CT genotypes (P < 0.05) when the patients with serum 25(OH)D of more than the median value [22 ng/ml (55 nmol/l)] were analyzed. On the other hand, when those with serum 25(OH)D of less than the median value were analyzed, the protective effect of the C allele against the fracture was blunted; statistical significance in the difference of the fracture prevalence was lost between the CC genotype and the other genotypes. These data suggest that vitamin D fulfillment is prerequisite for the TGF-beta1 genotype in exerting its full effect on the fracture prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seijiro Mori
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
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Gerstenfeld LC, McLean J, Healey DS, Stapleton SN, Silkman LJ, Price C, Jepsen KJ. Genetic variation in the structural pattern of osteoclast activity during post-natal growth of mouse femora. Bone 2010; 46:1546-54. [PMID: 20178867 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2010.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2009] [Revised: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
While the spatial activity of osteoblasts has been associated with modeling of bones during development, few studies have examined if variation in the spatial activity of osteoclasts also contributes to the morphogenesis of skeletal tissues. We examined this question by histomorphometric analysis and reconstructing the three-dimensional spatial distribution of osteoclasts in the femora of three inbred strains of male mice (A/J, C57BL/6J [B6], and C3H/HeJ [C3H]) that have differing skeletal, structural, and material properties. Our data show that total osteoclast surface area and osteoclast numbers are related to the overall bone density, but not related to the development of bone diameter or overall cortical area. The analysis of the spatial distribution of the osteoclasts showed that the asymmetrical mid-diaphyseal distribution of osteoclasts in A/J and B6 compared to the more uniform distribution of these cells around the circumference in the C3H mice was consistent with the more ellipsoid shape of A/J and B6 femora compared to the more circular mid-diaphyseal shape of the femora in the C3H mice. The statistically 2- to 3-fold fewer cells on the periosteal surface in the C3H compared to either the B6 or A/J mice is also consistent with the greater cortical thickness that is seen for the C3H mice compared to either B6 or A/J strains. In vitro studies of osteoclastogenesis and the expression of numerous phenotypic properties of osteoclasts prepared from the three strains of mice showed that A/J and B6 mice developed statistically greater numbers of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) positive cells and expressed statistically higher levels of multiple mRNAs that are unique to differentiated osteoclasts than those isolated from the C3H strain. In summary, the 3D reconstructions and histomorphometric analysis suggest that genetic differences lead to spatial variation in the distribution of osteoclasts. These variations in spatial distribution of osteoclasts in turn contribute in part to the development of the structural variations of the femora that are seen in the three strains of mice. In vitro studies suggest that intrinsic genetic variation in osteoclastogenesis and their phenotypic expression may contribute to the differences in their functional activities that give rise to the unique spatial distributions of these cells in bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Gerstenfeld
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
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Tang NLS, Liao CD, Ching JKL, Suen EWC, Chan IHS, Orwoll E, Ho SC, Chan FWK, Kwok AWL, Kwok T, Woo J, Leung PC. Sex-specific effect of Pirin gene on bone mineral density in a cohort of 4000 Chinese. Bone 2010; 46:543-50. [PMID: 19766747 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2009.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2009] [Revised: 08/22/2009] [Accepted: 09/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is a common condition among elderly. Genetic mapping studies repeatedly located the distal short arms of X-chromosome as the quantitative trait loci (QTL) for BMD in mice. Fine mapping of a syntenic segment on Xp22 in a Caucasian female population suggested a moderate association between lumbar spine (LS) BMD and 2 intronic SNPs in the Pirin (PIR) gene, which encodes an iron-binding nuclear protein. This study aimed to examine genetic variations in the PIR gene by a comprehensive tagging method and its sex-specific effects on BMD and osteoporotic risk. METHODS Two thousand men and 2000 women aged 65 or above were recruited from the community. BMDs at the LS, femoral neck, total hip and whole body were measured and followed up at 4-year. Genotyping was performed for tagSNPs of PIR gene including adjacent regions, and the PIR haplotypes were inferred using PHASE program. RESULTS Analysis by linear regression showed a significant association between SNP rs5935970 and LS-BMD, while haplotype T-T-A was significantly associated with BMD of all measured sites. However, none of such associations were found in men. Linear Mixed Model also confirmed the same sex-specific and site-specific effect for longitudinal BMD changes. CONCLUSION In addition to confirming the association between BMDs and the PIR gene, we also revealed that this finding is sex-specific, possibly due to an X-linked effect. This study demonstrated the importance of considering sex and genetic interactions in studies of disease predisposition and complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson L S Tang
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Yang LC, Zhang Q, Piao JH, Huang ZW, Hu XQ, Ma GS. Association of estrogen receptor-alpha gene Pvull polymorphisms with the effect of calcium supplementation on skeletal development in Chinese pubertal girls. BIOMEDICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES : BES 2009; 22:480-487. [PMID: 20337221 DOI: 10.1016/s0895-3988(10)60005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of estrogen receptor alpha (ER-alpha) PvuII polymorphisms with the effect of calcium supplementation on bone development in Chinese pubertal girls, and to study the importance of calcium supplementation by maximizing the peak bone mass at their pubertal stage for bone development and osteoporosis prevention and the role of estrogen in regulating bone mass. METHODS Ninety-four pubertal girls were recruited in the study and divided into two groups and three sub-groups according to the ER-alpha PvuII polymorphisms. One year before and after calcium supplementation, bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by DEXA, while BGP, BAP, TRACP5b, and 25-OH-VitD(3), as well as estrogen were detected by ELISA. Analysis of covariance was used to examine the effect of ER-alpha polymorphisms on bone development. RESULTS The absolute increase and percentage change of BGP were significantly higher in the supplemented group than in the control group (P<0.05). In the intervened group, The increase and percentage change of the total body and radio distal 1/3 BMD were higher in PP than in PP genotype (P<0.05), and the increase of BAP in Pp was also higher than PP in the same group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION PP genotype shows a better response to calcium supplementation than the other PvuII polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chen Yang
- Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
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15
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Koh JM, Oh B, Ha MH, Cho KW, Lee JY, Park BL, Shin HD, Bae MA, Kim HJ, Hong JM, Kim TH, Shin HI, Lee SH, Kim GS, Kim SY, Park EK. Association of IL-15 polymorphisms with bone mineral density in postmenopausal Korean women. Calcif Tissue Int 2009; 85:369-78. [PMID: 19756346 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-009-9290-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2009] [Accepted: 08/11/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-15 (IL-15) has been suggested to participate in bone metabolism by stimulating osteoclast differentiation and mediating inflammatory bone loss. This study investigated the effect of IL-15 gene polymorphisms on the bone mineral density (BMD) and bone fracture rates of postmenopausal women. Sequencing of the IL-15 gene in 24 Koreans revealed 16 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), of which five were selected for further study. Postmenopausal Korean women (n = 844) were genotyped for these SNPs, and their BMDs and risk of fractures were assessed. It was found that the +20A > G, +13467C > A, +13653A > T, and +13815A > T IL-15 gene polymorphisms were significantly associated with the BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck and that their effects were gene-dose dependent. BMD was reduced when the minor allele of +13467A and +13653T or the common allele of +20A and +13815A was present. Haplotype (ht) analyses revealed that ht1 (GCAT) and ht2 (AATA) were associated with BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck. However, there was no association between the risk of fracture and IL-15 SNPs or hts. These results suggest that the +20A > G, +13467C > A, +13653A > T, and +13815A > T SNPs in the IL-15 gene affect BMD and, thus, could be genetic markers of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Min Koh
- Skeletal Diseases Genome Research Center, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 700-412, Korea
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16
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Kishi T, Ikeda M, Kitajima T, Yamanouchi Y, Kinoshita Y, Kawashima K, Okochi T, Tsunoka T, Okumura T, Inada T, Ujike H, Yamada M, Uchimura N, Sora I, Iyo M, Ozaki N, Iwata N. A functional polymorphism in estrogen receptor alpha gene is associated with Japanese methamphetamine induced psychosis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2009; 33:895-8. [PMID: 19386276 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2009.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Revised: 04/15/2009] [Accepted: 04/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A recent study reported an association between rs2234693, which influences enhancer activity levels in estrogen receptor alpha gene (ESR1), and schizophrenia. This study reported that schizophrenic patients with the CC genotype have significantly lower ESR1 mRNA levels in the prefrontal cortex than patients with other genotypes. The symptoms of methamphetamine induced psychosis are similar to those of paranoid type schizophrenia. Therefore, we conducted an association analysis of rs2234693 with Japanese methamphetamine induced psychosis patients. METHOD Using rs2234693, we conducted a genetic association analysis of case-control samples (197 methamphetamine induced psychosis patients and 197 healthy controls). The age and sex of the control subjects did not differ from those of the methamphetamine induced psychosis patients. RESULTS We detected a significant association between ESR1 and methamphetamine induced psychosis patients in allele/genotype-wise analysis. For further interpretation of these associations, we performed single marker analysis of subjects divided by sex. Rs2234693 was associated with male methamphetamine induced psychosis. DISCUSSION Our results suggest that rs2234693 in ESR1 may play a role in the pathophysiology of Japanese methamphetamine induced psychosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Kishi
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan.
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17
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Massart F, Marini F, Bianchi G, Minisola S, Luisetto G, Pirazzoli A, Salvi S, Micheli D, Masi L, Brandi ML. Age-specific effects of estrogen receptors' polymorphisms on the bone traits in healthy fertile women: the BONTURNO study. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2009; 7:32. [PMID: 19386104 PMCID: PMC2679035 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-7-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2009] [Accepted: 04/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal characteristics such as height (Ht), bone mineral density (BMD) or bone turnover markers are strongly inherited. Common variants in the genes encoding for estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) and beta (ESR2) are proposed as candidates for influencing bone phenotypes at the population level. METHODS We studied 641 healthy premenopausal women aged 20-50 years (yrs) participating into the BONTURNO study. Exclusion criteria were irregular cyclic menses, low trauma fracture, metabolic bone or chronic diseases. Serum C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), osteocalcin (OC), and N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (P1NP) were measured in all enrolled subjects, who underwent to lumbar spine (LS), total hip (TH) and femoral neck (FN) BMD evaluation by DXA. Five hundred seventy Caucasian women were genotyped for ESR1 rs2234693 and rs9340799 and ESR2 rs4986938 polymorphisms. RESULTS Although no genotype differences were found in body parameters, subjects with combined ESR1 CCGG plus ESR2 AA-AG genotype were taller than those with opposite genotype (P = 0.044). Moreover, ESR1 rs2234693 genotypes correlated with family history of osteoporosis (FHO) and hip fracture (FHF) (P < 0.01), while ESR2 AA-AC genotypes were strongly associated with FHF (OR 2.387, 95% CI 1.432-3.977; P < 0.001).When clustered by age, 20-30 yrs old subjects, having at least one ESR1 rs2234693 C allele presented lower LS- (P = 0.008) and TH-BMD (P = 0.047) than TT genotypes. In 41-50 yrs age, lower FN-BMD was associated with ESR2 AA (P = 0.0180) subjects than in those with the opposite genotype. ESR1 rs2234693 and rs9340799 and ESR2 rs4986938 polymorphisms did not correlate with age-adjusted values of OC, CTX and P1NP. CONCLUSION These findings support the presence of age-specific effects of ESR1 and ESR2 polymorphisms on various skeletal traits in healthy fertile women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Marini
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Laura Masi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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18
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Mori S, Kou I, Sato H, Emi M, Ito H, Hosoi T, Ikegawa S. Nucleotide variations in genes encoding carbonic anhydrase 8 and 10 associated with femoral bone mineral density in Japanese female with osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Metab 2009; 27:213-6. [PMID: 19172221 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-008-0031-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2008] [Accepted: 07/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a multi-factorial common disease, which is caused by combination of genetic as well as environmental factors. Among several factors, osteoclast acidification pathways during bone resorption might play an important role. Carbonic anhydrases, consisting of a gene family, are essential for pH regulation by the osteoclast. Clinically, use of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors has been known to be associated with a bone-sparing effect as judged by spine bone mineral density (BMD). Here, we investigated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in carbonic anhydrase genes that are expressed in bone tissues, i.e., CA8 and CA10, for possible association with femoral and lumbar BMD among 337 Japanese women with osteoporosis participated in BioBank Japan project. Significant correlation was observed between CA8 SNP, rs6984526, and femoral BMD (P = 0.00029); homozygous carriers of the major (C) allele (n = 166) had the highest BMD (0.754 +/- 0.006 g/cm(2), mean +/- SD), while heterozygous carriers (n = 135) were intermediate (0.741 +/- 0.07 g/cm(2)) and homozygous T-allele carriers (n = 31) had the lowest BMD (0.691 +/- 0.012 g/cm(2)). CA8 SNP as well displayed significant association with lumbar BMD in recessive model (P = 0.00017). In addition, CA10 SNP, rs2106329, also displayed strong association with femoral BMD (P = 0.00002). The results suggest that the variations of CA8 and CA10 loci may be important determinants of osteoporosis in Japanese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seijiro Mori
- Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
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19
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Mori S, Kou I, Sato H, Emi M, Ito H, Hosoi T, Ikegawa S. Association of genetic variations of genes encoding thrombospondin, type 1, domain-containing 4 and 7A with low bone mineral density in Japanese women with osteoporosis. J Hum Genet 2008; 53:694-697. [PMID: 18488137 DOI: 10.1007/s10038-008-0300-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2008] [Accepted: 04/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Twins and family studies have shown that genetic factors are important determinants of bone mass. Important aspects of bone mineral density (BMD) regulation are endocrine systems, notably hormonal regulation of adrenal corticoids, as indicated by clinical knowledge of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Glucocorticoid is known to negatively regulate bone mass in vivo, and glucocorticoid increases thrombospondin messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels. We studied single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding thrombospondin, type 1, domain-containing 4 and 7A (THSD4 and THSD7A) for possible association with lumbar and femoral BMD among 337 Japanese women with osteoporosis who participated in the BioBank Japan project. Genetic variations of THSD4 and THSD7A loci displayed significant association with lumbar and femoral BMD. Most significant correlation was observed for THSD7A SNP rs12673692 with lumbar BMD (P = 0.00017). Homozygous carriers of the major (G) allele had the highest BMD [0.886 +/- 0.011 g/cm2, mean +/- standard deviation (SD)], whereas heterozygous carriers were intermediate (0.872 +/- 0.013 g/cm2) and homozygous A-allele carriers had the lowest (0.753 +/- 0.023 g/cm2). THSD4 SNP rs10851839 also displayed strong association with lumbar BMD (P = 0.0092). In addition, both THSD7A and THSD4 displayed significant association with femoral BMD in a recessive model (P = 0.036 and P = 0.0046, respectively). Results suggest that variations of THSD7A and THSD4 loci may be important determinants of osteoporosis in Japanese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seijiro Mori
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan.
| | - Ikuyo Kou
- RIKEN SNP Research Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Sato
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan.,HuBit Genomix Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,DNA Chip Research Institute, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Emi
- HuBit Genomix Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,DNA Chip Research Institute, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideki Ito
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Takayuki Hosoi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan.,National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
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20
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Sullivan DA. Tearful relationships? Sex, hormones, the lacrimal gland, and aqueous-deficient dry eye. Ocul Surf 2007; 2:92-123. [PMID: 17216082 DOI: 10.1016/s1542-0124(12)70147-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sex and the endocrine system exert a significant influence on the physiology and pathophysiology of the lacrimal gland. The purpose of this article is to briefly review the nature and magnitude of these interactions between sex, hormones and lacrimal tissue, and to address how they may relate to the pathogenesis of aqueous-deficient dry eye. Towards this end, this article has a 3-fold approach: first, to summarize the influence of androgens, estrogens, glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, retinoic acid, prolactin, alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, arginine vasopressin, oxytocin, thyroxine, parathyroid hormone, insulin, glucagon, melatonin, human chorionic gonadotropin and cholecystokinin on the structure and function of the lacrimal gland; second, to discuss the mechanism of action of each hormone on lacrimal tissue; and third, to discuss the clinical relevance of the endocrine-lacrimal gland interrelationship, with a particular focus on each hormone's role (i.e. if relevant) in the development of aqueous-tear deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Sullivan
- Schepens Eye Research Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
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21
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Levy ME, Parker RA, Ferrell RE, Zmuda JM, Greenspan SL. Farnesyl diphosphate synthase: a novel genotype association with bone mineral density in elderly women. Maturitas 2007; 57:247-52. [PMID: 17368768 PMCID: PMC1951796 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2007.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2006] [Revised: 01/05/2007] [Accepted: 01/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluated the association between a single nucleotide polymorphism in the farnesyl diphosphate synthase gene (FDPS), BMD and bone turnover markers. METHODS Two hundred and eighty-three community-dwelling Caucasian women aged 65 or older were screened from the greater Boston area. A validated FDPS SNP (rs2297480, A/C) was genotyped and evaluated for effect on bone mineral density (spine, hip, forearm) and bone turnover markers (urine N-telopeptide cross-linked collagen type 1, osteocalcin and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase). RESULTS BMD was lower at all sites measured in women with the C/C or C/A genotypes. Statistically significant differences (p<0.05) were found at the PA spine, trochanter, distal radius, and proximal ulna after adjustment for age and BMI. No significant differences were found in bone turnover markers. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that a single nucleotide polymorphism in the FDPS gene (rs2297480) may be a genetic marker for lower BMD in postmenopausal Caucasian women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Levy
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
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22
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Ioannidis JP, Ng MY, Sham PC, Zintzaras E, Lewis CM, Deng HW, Econs MJ, Karasik D, Devoto M, Kammerer CM, Spector T, Andrew T, Cupples LA, Duncan EL, Foroud T, Kiel DP, Koller D, Langdahl B, Mitchell BD, Peacock M, Recker R, Shen H, Sol-Church K, Spotila LD, Uitterlinden AG, Wilson SG, Kung AW, Ralston SH. Meta-analysis of genome-wide scans provides evidence for sex- and site-specific regulation of bone mass. J Bone Miner Res 2007; 22:173-183. [PMID: 17228994 PMCID: PMC4016811 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.060806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Several genome-wide scans have been performed to detect loci that regulate BMD, but these have yielded inconsistent results, with limited replication of linkage peaks in different studies. In an effort to improve statistical power for detection of these loci, we performed a meta-analysis of genome-wide scans in which spine or hip BMD were studied. Evidence was gained to suggest that several chromosomal loci regulate BMD in a site-specific and sex-specific manner. INTRODUCTION BMD is a heritable trait and an important predictor of osteoporotic fracture risk. Several genome-wide scans have been performed in an attempt to detect loci that regulate BMD, but there has been limited replication of linkage peaks between studies. In an attempt to resolve these inconsistencies, we conducted a collaborative meta-analysis of genome-wide linkage scans in which femoral neck BMD (FN-BMD) or lumbar spine BMD (LS-BMD) had been studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were accumulated from nine genome-wide scans involving 11,842 subjects. Data were analyzed separately for LS-BMD and FN-BMD and by sex. For each study, genomic bins of 30 cM were defined and ranked according to the maximum LOD score they contained. While various densitometers were used in different studies, the ranking approach that we used means that the results are not confounded by the fact that different measurement devices were used. Significance for high average rank and heterogeneity was obtained through Monte Carlo testing. RESULTS For LS-BMD, the quantitative trait locus (QTL) with greatest significance was on chromosome 1p13.3-q23.3 (p = 0.004), but this exhibited high heterogeneity and the effect was specific for women. Other significant LS-BMD QTLs were on chromosomes 12q24.31-qter, 3p25.3-p22.1, 11p12-q13.3, and 1q32-q42.3, including one on 18p11-q12.3 that had not been detected by individual studies. For FN-BMD, the strongest QTL was on chromosome 9q31.1-q33.3 (p = 0.002). Other significant QTLs were identified on chromosomes 17p12-q21.33, 14q13.1-q24.1, 9q21.32-q31.1, and 5q14.3-q23.2. There was no correlation in average ranks of bins between men and women and the loci that regulated BMD in men and women and at different sites were largely distinct. CONCLUSIONS This large-scale meta-analysis provided evidence for replication of several QTLs identified in previous studies and also identified a QTL on chromosome 18p11-q12.3, which had not been detected by individual studies. However, despite the large sample size, none of the individual loci identified reached genome-wide significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Pa Ioannidis
- Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
- Biomedical Research Institute, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Ioannina, Greece
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Department of Medicine, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mandy Y Ng
- Genome Research Center, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong and Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pak C Sham
- Genome Research Center, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elias Zintzaras
- Biomathematics Unit, University of Thessaly School of Medicine, Larissa, Greece
| | - Cathryn M Lewis
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Hunan, China
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Basic Medical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael J Econs
- Departments of Medicine and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - David Karasik
- Hebrew SeniorLife and Harvard Medical School Division of Aging, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marcella Devoto
- Division of Human Genetics, CHOP, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Candace M Kammerer
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tim Spector
- Twin and Genetic Epidemiology Research Unit, St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Toby Andrew
- Twin and Genetic Epidemiology Research Unit, St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - L Adrienne Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emma L Duncan
- Department of Endocrinology, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tatiana Foroud
- Departments of Medicine and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Douglas P Kiel
- Hebrew SeniorLife and Harvard Medical School Division of Aging, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel Koller
- Departments of Medicine and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Bente Langdahl
- Department of Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Braxton D Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Munro Peacock
- Departments of Medicine and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Robert Recker
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Hui Shen
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Basic Medical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Katia Sol-Church
- Department of Biomedical Research, Nemours' Childrens Clinic, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | | | - Andre G Uitterlinden
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Scott G Wilson
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Annie Wc Kung
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong and Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Stuart H Ralston
- Rheumatic Diseases Unit, Molecular Medicine Centre, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland
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23
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Kung AWC, Lai BMH, Ng MYM, Chan V, Sham PC. T-1213C polymorphism of estrogen receptor beta is associated with low bone mineral density and osteoporotic fractures. Bone 2006; 39:1097-1106. [PMID: 16777502 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2006.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2005] [Revised: 04/13/2006] [Accepted: 04/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a complex disease with a strong genetic component, but the genes involved are poorly defined. To determine whether estrogen receptor beta (ESR2) gene is an osteoporosis risk gene, we examined its association with bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk. Using a gene-based approach, a set of 12 polymorphisms of ESR2 was studied in 752 case-control pairs of southern Chinese in ethnicity. Among all polymorphisms, the most significant relation with BMD and fracture risk was observed with T-1213C. Subjects with low BMD had a higher frequency of the variant C allele of T-1213C (cases 11.4%, control 8.4%, P = 0.02). The C allele was associated with 4% reduction in BMD at both the spine and hip in women, and 11% reduction in spine BMD and 9% reduction in hip BMD in men. Similar results were seen with SNP haplotype analysis. Subjects with the C allele of T-1213C were associated with higher risks of osteoporosis and BMD T scores < or = -2.5 (odds ratios: 2.2 at spine and 3.5 at femoral neck for women; 3.5 at lumbar spine for men). Postmenopausal women carrying this C allele were associated with 2.22-fold increased risk of osteoporotic fractures (95% confidence interval 1.26-4.25) even after adjusting for BMD. In conclusion, ESR2 is involved in BMD determination in both sexes. The T-1213C polymorphism influences the risk of fracture in postmenopausal women independent of BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie W C Kung
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Billy M H Lai
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mandy Y M Ng
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China; The Genome Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Vivian Chan
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pak C Sham
- The Genome Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- E Orwoll
- Bone and Mineral Unit, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA.
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25
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Lau HHL, Ng MYM, Cheung WMW, Paterson AD, Sham PC, Luk KDK, Chan V, Kung AWC. Assessment of linkage and association of 13 genetic loci with bone mineral density. J Bone Miner Metab 2006; 24:226-34. [PMID: 16622736 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-005-0676-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2005] [Accepted: 12/21/2005] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Bone mineral density (BMD), an important risk factor for osteoporosis, is a complex trait likely affected by multiple genes. The linkage and/or association of 13 polymorphic loci of seven candidate genes (estrogen receptor alpha [ERalpha] and beta [ERbeta], calcium-sensing receptor, vitamin D receptor, collagen type 1alpha1, low-density lipoprotein [LDL] receptor-related protein 5 [LRPS], and transforming growth factor beta1) were evaluated in 177 southern Chinese pedigrees of 674 subjects, with each pedigree identified through a proband having a BMD Z score of -1.28 or less at the hip or spine. A suggestive linkage was detected between the IVS1-351A/G polymorphism of ERalpha and spine BMD, and between the 1082G/A, 1730G/A, and D14S1026 polymorphisms of ERbeta and BMD at both spine and hip. The quantitative transmission disequilibrium test (QTDT) detected total family association between 1730G/A of ERbeta and BMD at spine and hip; between D14S1026 of ERbeta and hip BMD; and between the 266A/G and 2220C/T polymorphisms of LRP5 and hip BMD. Similar total family associations were detected when only the females were analyzed. In addition, the IVS1-397T/C polymorphism of ERalpha was associated with spine BMD, and the 266A/G and 2220C/T polymorphisms of LRP5 were associated with femoral neck BMD in the females. A within-family association was detected with the IVS1-397T/C polymorphism of ERalpha, and the 266A/G and 2220C/T polymorphisms of LRP5 in the females. The effect of each polymorphism on BMD variance ranged from 1% to 4%. In conclusion, ERalpha, ERbeta and LRP5 are important candidate genes determining BMD variation, especially in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen H L Lau
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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Välimäki VV, Piippo K, Välimäki S, Löyttyniemi E, Kontula K, Välimäki MJ. The relation of the XbaI and PvuII polymorphisms of the estrogen receptor gene and the CAG repeat polymorphism of the androgen receptor gene to peak bone mass and bone turnover rate among young healthy men. Osteoporos Int 2005; 16:1633-40. [PMID: 15827868 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-005-1889-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2004] [Accepted: 02/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The genes coding for estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-alpha) and androgen receptors (AR) are potential candidates for the regulation of bone mass and turnover, which may contribute to both the achievement of peak bone mass and bone loss after completion of growth. The present study was aimed at elucidating the role of two restriction fragment lengths (XbaI and PvuII) polymorphisms of the ER gene and the CAG repeat polymorphism of the AR gene as determinants of peak bone mass in men; special attention was paid to the interaction between serum free estradiol (E2) levels and the XbaI and PvuII genotypes. A cross-sectional study, with data on lifestyle factors collected retrospectively, was performed in 234 young men, aged 18.3 to 20.6 years. Of the men, 184 were recruits of the Finnish Army and 50 were men of similar age who had postponed their military service for reasons not related to health. Bone mineral content (BMC), density (BMD) and scan area were measured in the lumbar spine and upper femur by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The bone turnover rate was assessed by measuring serum type I procollagen aminoterminal propeptide (PINP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP5b) as well as urinary excretion of type I collagen aminoterminal telopeptide (NTX). After adjusting for age, height, weight, exercise, smoking, calcium and alcohol intake, BMC, scan area and BMD at all measurement sites were similar for the different XbaI and PvuII genotypes of the ER and independent of the number of the CAG repeats of the AR gene. No association was found between free E2 levels and bone parameters among any genotype group of the XbaI and PvuII polymorphisms. Except for urinary NTX, which showed a tendency to higher values for the xx (P=0.08) and pp (P=0.10) genotypes of the ER, bone turnover markers were not related to the genotypes studied. Our study does not support the view that the XbaI and PvuII polymorphisms of the ER gene and the CAG polymorphism of the AR gene would have a substantial impact on the development of peak bone mass in young Finnish men.
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Sudo Y, Ezura Y, Kajita M, Yoshida H, Suzuki T, Hosoi T, Inoue S, Shiraki M, Ito H, Emi M. Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter region of the pro-opiomelanocortin gene (POMC) with low bone mineral density in adult women. J Hum Genet 2005; 50:235-240. [PMID: 15864412 DOI: 10.1007/s10038-005-0244-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2004] [Accepted: 02/23/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Among multiple factors influencing osteoporosis, genetic variations involved in bone-mineral metabolism can affect risks predisposing to the disease onset. Here, we studied single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) gene for possible association with bone mineral density (BMD) among 384 adult Japanese women and observed significant correlation between adjusted BMD and three SNPs in the promoter region (r>0.14, p<0.01). The most significant correlation was observed for -2353G/A (r=-0.16, p=0.002); homozygous carriers of the major (G) allele had the highest BMD (0.405+/-0.054 g/cm2) while heterozygous carriers were intermediate (0.390+/-0.053 g/cm2) and homozygous A-allele carriers had the lowest BMDs (0.369+/-0.048 g/cm2). Although no association was detected between these SNPs and body weight or body mass index (BMI), significant association was detected between the -2313A/C genotype and plasma total cholesterol level (r=-0.12, p=0.019). We propose that POMC is among the likely susceptibility genes for osteoporosis and may also be involved in dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Sudo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Gerontology, Nippon Medical School Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Ezura
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Gerontology, Nippon Medical School Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology Institute of Medical Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan.
| | - Mitsuko Kajita
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Gerontology, Nippon Medical School Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideyo Yoshida
- Epidemiology and Health Promotion Research Group, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takao Suzuki
- Epidemiology and Health Promotion Research Group, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Hosoi
- Department of Endocrinology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masataka Shiraki
- Research Institute and Practice for Involutional Diseases, Nagano, Japan
| | - Hiromoto Ito
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Emi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Gerontology, Nippon Medical School Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
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Abrahamsen B, Hjelmborg JV, Kostenuik P, Stilgren LS, Kyvik K, Adamu S, Brixen K, Langdahl BL. Circulating amounts of osteoprotegerin and RANK ligand: genetic influence and relationship with BMD assessed in female twins. Bone 2005; 36:727-35. [PMID: 15781001 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2004.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2004] [Revised: 11/17/2004] [Accepted: 12/01/2004] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a circulating receptor that inhibits osteoclastogenesis by binding to RANK ligand (RANKL). OPG knock-out animals develop severe osteoporosis. Treatment with OPG lowers bone resorption and increases BMD. OPG production is influenced by a wide range of hormones and cytokines. The influence of genetic factors on circulating amounts of OPG and RANKL is not known. BMD has been demonstrated to have a high heritability and there is evidence also that bone turnover and bone loss rates are controlled at least in part by genetic factors. OBJECTIVE Assessing the genetic impact on serum OPG and RANKL in women and estimation of the relative contribution of this inheritance to the total heritability of BMD. METHODS 188 female twins (52 DZ and 42 MZ pairs) from the Danish Twin Registry were included in the study. Mean age was 35 years (range 19-64 years), average spine BMD was 1.04 +/- 0.11 g/cm2. Serum levels of OPG and RANKL were measured by ELISA (Biomedica, Vienna, Austria). This register covers twins born in Denmark since 1870. Heritability and environmental influence was assessed using a maximum-likelihood model for genetic pleiotropy. RESULTS RANKL levels showed a negative correlation with age and lower values in smokers. OPG levels were higher in postmenopausal women. Heritability (h(2)) was 85% for spine BMD and 52% for serum RANKL after adjustment for age, smoking and BMI. By contrast, there was no significant genetic influence on OPG levels (h(2) = 0, 95% CI: 0 to 0.31). Serum OPG was determined almost exclusively by individual environment (e(2) = 0.79), with a small, non-significant contribution from shared environment (c(2) = 0.21). Restricting analyses to the 158 premenopausal twins did not alter the findings. CONCLUSIONS Serum OPG and RANKL levels have only a weak relation to BMD in healthy women. Phenotype correlations indicate that the genes that contribute to twin similarity for BMD are not genes regulating serum levels of RANKL or OPG. The weak correlation with BMD appears to consist in shared environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Abrahamsen
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark.
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29
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Lau HHL, Ng MYM, Ho AYY, Luk KDK, Kung AWC. Genetic and environmental determinants of bone mineral density in Chinese women. Bone 2005; 36:700-9. [PMID: 15781005 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2005.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2004] [Revised: 10/26/2004] [Accepted: 01/24/2005] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BMD is a complex trait determined by genetic and lifestyle factors. To assess the genetic and environmental determinants of BMD in southern Chinese women, we studied a community-based cohort of 531 pre- and postmenopausal southern Chinese women and assessed the influence of 12 candidate gene loci and lifestyle risk factors on spine and hip BMD. The candidate genes studied include estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) and beta (ESR2), calcium sensing receptor (CASR), vitamin D receptor (VDR), collagen type Ialpha1 (COLIA1), and LDL receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5). Social, medical, reproductive history, dietary habits and lifestyle factors were determined using a structured questionnaire. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the COLIA1 and LRP5 gene in Chinese were determined by direct sequencing. Nucleotide (nt) -1363C/G and -1997 G/T of COLIA1, nt 266A/G, 2220C/T and 3989C/T of LRP5 gene were analyzed. Using stepwise multiple linear regression analyses, body weight was the strongest predictor for BMD in premenopausal women (n = 262), which accounted for 15.9% of the variance at the spine, 20% at femoral neck, 17.1% at trochanter, 24.3% at total hip and 10.9% at the Ward's triangle. Other significant predictors were ESR1 Ivs1-397T/C genotype (2.2% at the spine); LRP5 2220C/T genotype (1.3% at the spine, 1.6% at the trochanter); LRP5 266A/G genotype (1.1% at Ward's triangle); age at menarche (1.3% at trochanter) and age (2.0% at Ward's triangle). As for postmenopausal women (n = 269), body weight ( approximately 25% at various sites) and age (approximately 16% at femoral neck, trochanter, total hip and Ward's triangle sites) were the strongest predictors of BMD. Other significant predictors were age at menarche (4.4% at spine, 0.7% at femoral neck, 1.4% at trochanter, and 1.4% at Ward's triangle); weight bearing physical activity (2.1% at trochanter and 1% at total hip); calcium intake (1.1% at femoral neck, 0.9% at trochanter, and 1.7% at total hip) ; height (0.7% at trochanter); and ESR2 1082A/G genotype (0.8% at trochanter). We conclude that BMD at various sites and at different time span of a woman is modified by different genetic and lifestyle factors, suggesting that BMD is highly dependent on gene-environmental interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H L Lau
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, China
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30
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Enattah N, Välimäki VV, Välimäki MJ, Löyttyniemi E, Sahi T, Järvelä I. Molecularly defined lactose malabsorption, peak bone mass and bone turnover rate in young finnish men. Calcif Tissue Int 2004; 75:488-93. [PMID: 15365657 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-004-0029-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2004] [Accepted: 04/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Lactose malabsorption (LM; adult-type hypolactasia), an autosomal recessive condition, results from the down-regulation of the activity of lactase enzyme in the intestinal wall. In previous studies the effect of LM on bone mass, bone turnover rate, development of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures has remained controversial. We have recently identified a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), a C to T change residing 13910 base pairs upstream of the lactase (LCT) gene at chromosome 2q21-22, which shows complete association with lactase persistence, with the C/C-13910 genotype defining LM and the genotypes C/T-13910 and T/T-13910 lactase persistence. The present study was undertaken to examine the relationship of the C/T-13910 polymorphism to peak bone mass, bone turnover rate, and stress fractures among young Finnish men. The study population comprised 234 young men, aged 18.3 to 20.6 years, 184 men were recruits of the Finnish Army, and 50 were men of similar age who had postponed their military service for reasons not related to health. Bone mineral content (BMC), density (BMD), and scan area were measured in the lumbar spine and upper femur by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Blood was sampled for genotyping of the C/T-13910 polymorphism and determination of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), type I procollagen aminoterminal propeptide (PINP), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP5b). Second-void urine samples were collected for the determination of type I collagen aminoterminal telopeptide (NTX). The prevalence of the C/C-13910-genotype of these young adults did not differ significantly from the corresponding population prevalence of C/C-13910 (17.1% vs 18.1%) among Finnish blood donors. Fifteen recruits of the army experienced a stress fracture; 3 of them (20%) had the C/C-13910-genotype. Calcium intake was similar for the three genotypes as were the unadjusted BMCs, scan areas, and BMDs at different measurement sites. The adjustments for age, height, weight, smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical exercise in the multiple regression analysis did not reveal any significant relationships between the lactase genotypes and BMDs at lumbar (P = 0.16), femoral neck (P = 0.99) or total hip (P = 0.96) sites. Serum 25OHD, iPTH, and bone marker levels were similar for the C/C-13910 C/T-13910 and T/T-13910 genotypes. In summary, in young Finnish men, molecularly defined lactose malabsorption does not alter bone turnover rate and impair the acquisition of peak bone mass. Moreover, the C/C-13910 genotype does not seem to be a risk factor for stress fractures in army recruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Enattah
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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31
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Romero R, Chaiworapongsa T, Kuivaniemi H, Tromp G. Bacterial vaginosis, the inflammatory response and the risk of preterm birth: a role for genetic epidemiology in the prevention of preterm birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004; 190:1509-19. [PMID: 15284723 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
MESH Headings
- Female
- Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture/epidemiology
- Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture/genetics
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Gestational Age
- Humans
- Infant, Newborn
- Infant, Premature
- Male
- Obstetric Labor, Premature/genetics
- Obstetric Labor, Premature/prevention & control
- Polymorphism, Genetic
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/diagnosis
- Pregnancy Outcome
- Prognosis
- Risk Assessment
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
- Vaginosis, Bacterial/epidemiology
- Vaginosis, Bacterial/genetics
- Vaginosis, Bacterial/prevention & control
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health & Human Development/National Institutes of Health/Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
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