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Chen YJ, Messerlian C, Lu Q, Mustieles V, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Wang L, Lu WQ, Liu C, Wang YX. Urinary haloacetic acid concentrations in relation to sex and thyroid hormones among reproductive-aged men. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 189:108785. [PMID: 38823155 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Sex and thyroid hormones are critical for male reproductive health. However, the associations between haloacetic acid (HAA) exposure - a known endocrine disruptor - and sex and thyroid hormones in humans remains unclear. We thus recruited 502 male participants seeking fertility evaluation from a reproductive center. We measured concentrations of sex and thyroid hormones in a single blood sample and dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) and trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) in repeated urine samples. Multivariable linear regression models were constructed to evaluate the associations between HAA concentrations and hormone measurements. After adjusting for potential confounders and urinary creatinine concentrations, urinary concentrations of TCAA were inversely associated with serum levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), testosterone (T), T/luteinizing hormone ratio (T/LH), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (all P for trend < 0.10). Compared with participants in the lowest quartile of TCAA concentrations, those in the highest quartile had reduced serum levels of SHGB by 14.2 % (95% CI: -26.7, -3.0 %), T by 11.1 % (95% CI: -21.7, -1.3 %), T/LH by 21.0 % (95% CI: -36.7, -7.1 %), and TSH by 19.1 % (95% CI: -39.7, -1.5 %). Additionally, we observed inverse associations between continuous measurements of urinary HAAs and serum levels of free T, bioactive T, and estradiol. Our findings suggest that male HAA exposure may be associated with disrupted sex and thyroid function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jun Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Carmen Messerlian
- Departments of Environmental Health and of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Qi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Vicente Mustieles
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs GRANADA, 18012, Granada, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18010, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yu Zhang
- Departments of Environmental Health and of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Yang Sun
- Departments of Environmental Health and of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery & Center of Sleep Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Public Health, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
| | - Wen-Qing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yi-Xin Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Liu XY, Zhang M, Gu XL, Deng YL, Liu C, Miao Y, Wu Y, Li CR, Zeng JY, Li YJ, Liu AX, Zhu JQ, Li YF, Liu CJ, Zeng Q. Urinary biomarkers of drinking-water disinfection byproducts in relation to diminished ovarian reserve risk: A case-control study from the TREE cohort. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168729. [PMID: 38007137 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disinfection byproducts (DBPs) as ovarian toxicants have been documented in toxicological studies. However, no human studies have explored the effects of exposure to DBPs on diminished ovarian reserve (DOR). OBJECTIVE To assess whether urinary biomarkers of exposure to drinking-water DBPs were associated with DOR risk. METHODS A total of 311 women undergoing assisted reproductive technology were diagnosed with DOR in the Tongji Reproductive and Environmental (TREE) cohort from December 2018 to August 2021. The cases were matched to the controls with normal ovarian reserve function by age in a ratio of 1:1. Urinary trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) and dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) were quantified as biomarkers of drinking-water DBP exposures. The conditional logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) were used to explore urinary biomarkers of drinking-water DBP exposures in associations with the risk of DOR. RESULTS Elevated urinary DCAA levels were associated with higher DOR risk [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.87; 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.16, 3.03 for the highest vs. lowest quartiles; P for trend = 0.016]. The association was confirmed in the RCS model, with a linear dose-response curve (P for overall association = 0.029 and P for non-linear association = 0.708). The subgroup analysis by age and body mass index (BMI) showed that urinary DCAA in association with DOR risk was observed among women ≥35 years old and leaner women (BMI < 24 kg/m2), but the group differences were not statistically significant. Moreover, a U-shaped dose-response curve between urinary TCAA and DOR risk was estimated in the RCS model (P for overall association = 0.011 and P for non-linear association = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Exposure to drinking-water DBPs may contribute to the risk of DOR among women undergoing assisted reproductive technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ying Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiao-Li Gu
- Liuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Liuzhou, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Yan-Ling Deng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yu Miao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Cheng-Ru Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jia-Yue Zeng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yang-Juan Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - A-Xue Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jin-Qin Zhu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yu-Feng Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chang-Jiang Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
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Liu C, Deng YL, Yuan XQ, Chen PP, Miao Y, Luo Q, Zhang M, Cui FP, Yao W, Zeng JY, Shi T, Lu TT, Li YF, Lu WQ, Zeng Q. Exposure to disinfection by-products and reproductive hormones among women: Results from the Tongji Reproductive and Environmental (TREE) study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 209:112863. [PMID: 35123968 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disinfection by-products (DBPs) have been shown to impair female reproductive function. However, epidemiological evidence on reproductive hormones is scarce. OBJECTIVE To investigate the associations between DBP exposures and reproductive hormones among women undergoing assisted reproductive technology. METHODS We included 725 women from the Tongji Reproductive and Environmental (TREE) Study, an ongoing cohort conducted in Wuhan, China during December 2018 and January 2020. Urine samples collected at recruitment were quantified for dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) and trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) as biomarkers of DBP exposures. At day 2-5 of menstruation, serum reproductive hormones including luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), total testosterone (T), progesterone (PRGE), and prolactin (PRL) were determined. Multivariate linear regression models were performed to assess the associations of urinary DCAA and TCAA concentrations with reproductive hormone levels. Dose-response relationships were investigated using natural cubic spline (NCS) and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models. RESULTS After adjusting for relevant confounders, we observed that higher urinary DCAA levels were associated with increased serum PRGE (9.2%; 95% CI: -0.55%, 19.8% for the highest vs. lowest tertile; P for trend = 0.06). Based on NCS models, we observed U-shaped associations of urinary DCAA with serum PRGE and PRL; each ln-unit increment in urinary DCAA concentrations above 3.61 μg/L and 6.30 μg/L was associated with 18.9% (95% CI: 4.8%, 34.7%) and 23.3% (95% CI: -0.92%, 53.5%) increase in serum PRGE and PRL, respectively. The U-shaped associations were further confirmed in RCS models (P for overall association ≤0.01 and P for non-linear associations ≤0.04). We did not observe evidence of associations between urinary TCAA and reproductive hormones. CONCLUSION Urinary DCAA but not TCAA was associated with altered serum PRGE and PRL levels among women undergoing assisted reproductive technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yan-Ling Deng
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiao-Qiong Yuan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Pan-Pan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yu Miao
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Qiong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Fei-Peng Cui
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wen Yao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jia-Yue Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Tian Shi
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Ting-Ting Lu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yu-Feng Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wen-Qing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
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Medgyesi DN, Trabert B, Sampson J, Weyer PJ, Prizment A, Fisher JA, Beane Freeman LE, Ward MH, Jones RR. Drinking Water Disinfection Byproducts, Ingested Nitrate, and Risk of Endometrial Cancer in Postmenopausal Women. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2022; 130:57012. [PMID: 35622390 PMCID: PMC9138501 DOI: 10.1289/ehp10207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disinfection byproducts (DBPs) and N-nitroso compounds (NOC), formed endogenously after nitrate ingestion, are suspected endometrial carcinogens, but epidemiological studies are limited. OBJECTIVES We investigated the relationship of these exposures with endometrial cancer risk in a large prospective cohort. METHODS Among postmenopausal women in the Iowa Women's Health Study cohort, we evaluated two major classes of DBPs, total trihalomethanes (TTHM) and five haloacetic acids (HAA5), and nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) in public water supplies (PWS) in relation to incident primary endometrial cancer (1986-2014). For women using their PWS >10y at enrollment (n=10,501; cases=261), we computed historical averages of annual concentrations; exposures were categorized into quantiles and when possible ≥95th percentile. We also computed years of PWS use above one-half the U.S. maximum contaminant level (>½ MCL; 40μg/L TTHM; 30μg/L HAA5; 5mg/L NO3-N). Dietary nitrate/nitrite intakes were estimated from a food frequency questionnaire. We estimated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) via Cox models adjusted for age, endometrial cancer risk factors [e.g., body mass index, hormone replacement therapy (HRT)], and mutually adjusted for DBPs or NO3-N. We evaluated associations for low-grade (cases=99) vs. high-grade (cases=114) type I tumors. We assessed interactions between exposures and endometrial cancer risk factors and dietary factors influencing NOC formation. RESULTS Higher average concentrations of DBPs (95th percentile: TTHM ≥93μg/L, HAA5 ≥49μg/L) were associated with endometrial cancer risk (TTHM: HR95vsQ1=2.19, 95% CI: 1.41, 3.40; HAA5: HR95vsQ1=1.84, 95% CI: 1.19, 2.83; ptrend<0.01). Associations were similarly observed for women greater than median years of PWS use with levels >½ MCL, in comparison with zero years (TTHM: HR36+vs0y=1.61, 95% CI: 1.18, 2.21; HAA5: HR38+vs0y=1.85, 95% CI: 1.31, 2.62). Associations with DBPs appeared stronger for low-grade tumors (TTHM: HRQ4vsQ1=2.12, 95% CI: 1.17, 3.83; p-trend=0.008) than for high-grade tumors (TTHM: HRQ4vsQ1=1.40, 95% CI: 0.80, 2.44; p-trend=0.339), but differences were not statistically significant (p-heterogeneity=0.43). Associations with TTHM were stronger among ever HRT users than non-HRT users (p-interaction<0.01). We observed no associations with NO3-N in drinking water or diet. DISCUSSION We report novel associations between the highest DBP levels and endometrial cancer for our Iowa cohort that warrant future evaluation. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10207.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle N. Medgyesi
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Britton Trabert
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, DCEG, NCI, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Joshua Sampson
- Biostatistics Branch, DCEG, NCI, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter J. Weyer
- Center for Health Effects of Environmental Contamination, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Anna Prizment
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jared A. Fisher
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Laura E. Beane Freeman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mary H. Ward
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rena R. Jones
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Associations between drinking water disinfection byproducts and menstrual cycle characteristics: A cross-sectional study among women attending an infertility clinic. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2022; 241:113931. [PMID: 35114412 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.113931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Disinfection byproducts (DBPs) have been shown to alter ovarian steroidogenesis and cause estrous cyclicity disturbance and prolongation in experimental studies, however human studies are lacking. We aimed to evaluate the cross-sectional associations between drinking water DBPs and menstrual cycle characteristics. A total of 1078 women attending an infertility clinic in Wuhan, China were included between December 2018 and January 2020. Characteristics of menstrual cycle were collected by questionnaires. Concentrations of dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) and trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) were measured in urine as biomarkers of drinking water DBPs. Multivariate logistic and linear regression models were used to evaluate the associations between urinary DCAA and TCAA concentrations and menstrual cycle characteristics. Higher urinary DCAA concentrations were associated with increased odds ratios (ORs) of irregular menstrual cycle (OR = 1.80; 95% CI: 0.97, 3.33 for the highest vs. lowest quartile; P for trend = 0.05) and long menstrual cycle (OR = 1.62; 95% CI: 0.97, 2.70 for the highest vs. lowest quartile; P for trend = 0.06), as well as prolonged variation in cycle length (β = 1.27 days; 95% CI: -0.11, 2.66 for the highest vs. lowest quartile; P for trend = 0.04). Higher urinary TCAA concentrations were associated with prolonged bleeding duration (β = 0.23 days; 95% CI: -0.06, 0.51 for the highest vs. lowest quartile; P for trend = 0.07). These results suggest that exposure to drinking water DBPs is associated with menstrual cycle disturbances. These findings are warranted to confirm in other studies.
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Jeong CH, Gao L, Dettro T, Wagner ED, Ricke WA, Plewa MJ, Flaws JA. Monohaloacetic acid drinking water disinfection by-products inhibit follicle growth and steroidogenesis in mouse ovarian antral follicles in vitro. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 62:71-6. [PMID: 27151372 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Water disinfection greatly reduced the incidence of waterborne diseases, but the reaction between disinfectants and natural organic matter in water leads to the formation of drinking water disinfection by-products (DBPs). DBPs have been shown to be toxic, but their effects on the ovary are not well defined. This study tested the hypothesis that monohalogenated DBPs (chloroacetic acid, CAA; bromoacetic acid, BAA; iodoacetic acid, IAA) inhibit antral follicle growth and steroidogenesis in mouse ovarian follicles. Antral follicles were isolated and cultured with either vehicle or DBPs (0.25-1.00mM of CAA; 2-15μM of BAA or IAA) for 48 and 96h. Follicle growth was measured every 24h and the media were analyzed for estradiol levels at 96h. Exposure to DBPs significantly inhibited antral follicle growth and reduced estradiol levels compared to controls. These data demonstrate that DBP exposure caused ovarian toxicity in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara H Jeong
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Liying Gao
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Tyler Dettro
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Wagner
- Department of Crop Sciences and the Safe Global Water Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - William A Ricke
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Michael J Plewa
- Department of Crop Sciences and the Safe Global Water Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
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Michałowicz J, Wróblewski W, Mokra K, Maćczak A, Kwiatkowska M. Comparative study of the effect of chloro-, dichloro-, bromo-, and dibromoacetic acid on necrotic, apoptotic and morphological changes in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (in vitro study). Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:1416-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Baberschke N, Steinberg CEW, Saul N. Low concentrations of dibromoacetic acid and N-nitrosodimethylamine induce several stimulatory effects in the invertebrate model Caenorhabditis elegans. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 124:122-128. [PMID: 25556763 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Dibromoacetic acid (DBAA) and N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) have natural and anthropogenic sources and are ubiquitously distributed in the environment. They are classified as toxic and carcinogenetic and various studies have addressed their effects on vertebrates. Furthermore, there is no information about the whole-organism effects at low concentrations or about their impact on invertebrates. Therefore, these compounds were studied with the model invertebrate Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) at relatively low concentrations. Biological tests (life span, reproduction, body size, thermal stress resistance) as well as biochemical (pro- and antioxidative capacity and lipid peroxidation) and biomolecular assays (transcription of stress genes) were performed. None of the applied concentrations showed a toxic potential. Instead, they extended life span and increased the body length. Both xenobiotics did not cause oxidative stress or DNA damages, or acted as endocrine disruptors. The stimulatory effects on C. elegans were most likely not a result of an induced protective stress response. Instead, an 'energy saving mode', indicated by the reduced transcription of many stress response genes, could have provided additional resources for longevity and growth. Although both substances are potentially toxic at higher doses, the present study underlines the importance of testing lower concentrations and their impact on invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Baberschke
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Biology, Freshwater and Stress Ecology, Späthstr. 80/81, 12437 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Christian E W Steinberg
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Biology, Freshwater and Stress Ecology, Späthstr. 80/81, 12437 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Nadine Saul
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Biology, Freshwater and Stress Ecology, Späthstr. 80/81, 12437 Berlin, Germany.
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Role of cytochrome P450c17α in dibromoacetic acid-induced testicular toxicity in rats. Arch Toxicol 2010; 85:513-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-010-0600-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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10
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Smith MJ, Germolec DR, Luebke RW, Sheth CM, Auttachoat W, Guo TL, White KL. Immunotoxicity of dibromoacetic acid administered via drinking water to female B₆C₃F₁ mice. J Immunotoxicol 2010; 7:333-43. [PMID: 20958156 DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2010.519744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dibromoacetic acid (DBA) is a disinfection by-product commonly found in drinking water as a result of chlorination/ ozonation processes. The Environmental Protection Agency estimates that more than 200 million people consume disinfected water in the United States. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential immunotoxicological effects of DBA exposure when administered for 28 days via drinking water to B₆C₃F₁ mice, at concentrations of 125, 500, and 1000 mg/L. Multiple endpoints were evaluated to assess innate, humoral, and cell-mediated immune components, as well as host resistance. Standard toxicological parameters were unaffected, with the exception of a dose-responsive increase in liver weight and a decrease in thymus weight at the two highest exposure levels. Splenocyte differentials were affected, although the effects were not dose-responsive. Exposure to DBA did not significantly affect humoral immunity (immunoglobulin M [IgM] plaque assay and serum IgM anti-sheep erythrocyte titers) or cell-mediated immunity (mixed-leukocyte response). No effects were observed on innate immune function in either interferon-γ-induced in vitro macrophage cytotoxic activity or basal natural killer (NK)-cell activity. Augmented NK-cell activity (following exposure to polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid) was decreased at the low dose, however the effect was not dose-responsive. Finally, DBA exposure had no effect on resistance to infection with either Streptococcus pneumoniae or Plasmodium yoelii, or challenge with B16F10 melanoma cells. With the exception of changes in thymus weight, these results indicate that DBA exposure resulted in no immunotoxic effects at concentrations much larger than those considered acceptable in human drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Smith
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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Cargouët M, Perdiz D, Levi Y. Evaluation of the estrogenic potential of river and treated waters in the Paris area (France) using in vivo and in vitro assays. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2007; 67:149-56. [PMID: 16638617 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2006.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2004] [Revised: 12/05/2005] [Accepted: 03/01/2006] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
For many years, surface waters have been shown to be contaminated by endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs), which can cause adverse effects on human and wildlife growth, development, and reproduction. It is therefore of primary importance to determine if drinking water could be contaminated by EDCs when produced from polluted surface waters. It is also essential to determine if disinfection by-products can account for estrogenic activity in treated waters. The estrogenic potential of river and treated waters was investigated using an in vivo assay. Adult male zebrafish were placed in three drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) in the Paris area and exposed for 1 month to the two types of waters. After exposure, vitellogenin (VTG) was measured in the plasma of fish using a competitive ELISA. In addition, an in vitro assay (MELN cells) was used to assess the estrogenic potential of 10 major chlorination by-products. No significant induction of VTG was observed in fish exposed to river or treated waters. Among the 10 chlorination by-products tested, only 2-chlorophenol was found to be weakly estrogenic at concentrations up to 1mg/L. Therefore, the risk for the three DWTPs studied to produce drinking water with significant level of estrogenic substances appears to be low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maëlle Cargouët
- Université Paris Sud 11-Faculté de Pharmacie, EA 3542 Santé Publique-Environnement, 5, rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92 296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France.
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12
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teRiele JA, Bodensteiner KJ. Dibromoacetic acid, a commonly occurring water disinfection by-product, does not affect follicular populations in neonatal rats. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2006; 69:491-5. [PMID: 16574624 DOI: 10.1080/15287390500496978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
To investigate whether the mechanism of dibromoacetic acid (DBA) toxicity involves disruption of primordial germ cell migration and/or follicular formation, pregnant and lactating female Sprague-Dawley rats were gavaged daily with 0, 1, 5, or 50 mg DBA/kg body weight beginning on gestation day 17 and continuing through postnatal day 7. Reproductive parameters in 4 groups (n = 10 per group) of female neonatal rats exposed to DBA were examined. Maternal weight, litter size, and gender ratio did not differ across treatment groups, and major organ weights (spleen, liver, kidneys, uterus, and ovary) did not differ from control. Ovaries were serially sectioned at 8 microm and every eighth section was used for morphometry. All healthy follicles within a section were categorized into one of five types and the area of section was measured. Follicular populations at all stages of development did not differ among treatment groups. Thus, exposure to DBA during the period of follicular formation did not affect follicular populations in neonatal rats. These data suggest that rodents may not be a useful model for DBA toxicity assessment. Further research into species differences in the mechanism and timing of DBA toxicity is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn A teRiele
- Biology Department, St. Lawrence University, Canton, New York, USA.
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Murr AS, Goldman JM. Twenty-week exposures to the drinking water disinfection by-product dibromoacetic acid: reproductive cyclicity and steroid concentrations in the female Sprague–Dawley rat. Reprod Toxicol 2005; 20:73-80. [PMID: 15808788 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2004.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2004] [Revised: 12/16/2004] [Accepted: 12/24/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Elevated gavage exposures to the drinking water disinfection by-product dibromoacetic acid (DBA) have been found to disrupt estrous cyclicity in the rat and induce increases in estradiol concentrations in both cycling (day of estrus) and ovariectomized/estradiol-implanted females. The present study was designed to investigate both effects in Sprague-Dawley rats following an extended 20-week treatment with lower dosages of DBA administered in the drinking water (calculated mean intake concentrations of 5, 16, and 33 mg/kg/d). No treatment-related effects on cyclicity were present, although elevations in serum estradiol on the day of vaginal estrus were noted in regularly cycling rats when assessed at the 3rd and 11th weeks of exposure. By the 19th week, this effect was no longer present in cycling animals, but its absence was attributable to a marked increase in control estradiol concentrations, which may be associated with endocrine alterations that precede a disruption in estrous cyclicity in middle-aged females. In the 20th week, diestrous estrone levels were elevated at all dosages without effects on serum androstenedione or progesterone. Uterine and pituitary weights were unchanged at this time, although there were modest increases in liver weights at the two highest dosages. A small number of rats in persistent estrus (PE) did show a general increase in pituitary weight associated with DBA exposure, possibly reflecting an added layering of treatment on the PE-associated rise in estradiol normally seen in these females. The results indicate that increases in circulating estradiol from drinking water exposures to DBA were not linked to a premature disruption of estrous cyclicity in this moderately estrogen-sensitive rat strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley S Murr
- Endocrinology Branch MD-72, Reproductive Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
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