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Craver A, Luo J, Kibriya MG, Randorf N, Bahl K, Connellan E, Powell J, Zakin P, Jones RR, Argos M, Ho J, Kim K, Daviglus ML, Greenland P, Ahsan H, Aschebrook-Kilfoy B. Air quality and cancer risk in the All of Us Research Program. Cancer Causes Control 2024; 35:749-760. [PMID: 38145439 PMCID: PMC11045436 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-023-01823-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The NIH All of Us Research Program has enrolled over 544,000 participants across the US with unprecedented racial/ethnic diversity, offering opportunities to investigate myriad exposures and diseases. This paper aims to investigate the association between PM2.5 exposure and cancer risks. MATERIALS AND METHODS This work was performed on data from 409,876 All of Us Research Program participants using the All of Us Researcher Workbench. Cancer case ascertainment was performed using data from electronic health records and the self-reported Personal Medical History questionnaire. PM2.5 exposure was retrieved from NASA's Earth Observing System Data and Information Center and assigned using participants' 3-digit zip code prefixes. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Generalized additive models (GAMs) were used to investigate non-linear relationships. RESULTS A total of 33,387 participants and 46,176 prevalent cancer cases were ascertained from participant EHR data, while 20,297 cases were ascertained from self-reported survey data from 18,133 participants; 9,502 cancer cases were captured in both the EHR and survey data. Average PM2.5 level from 2007 to 2016 was 8.90 μg/m3 (min 2.56, max 15.05). In analysis of cancer cases from EHR, an increased odds for breast cancer (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.09-1.25), endometrial cancer (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.09-1.62) and ovarian cancer (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.01-1.42) in the 4th quartile of exposure compared to the 1st. In GAM, higher PM2.5 concentration was associated with increased odds for blood cancer, bone cancer, brain cancer, breast cancer, colon and rectum cancer, endocrine system cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, and thyroid cancer. CONCLUSIONS We found evidence of an association of PM2.5 with breast, ovarian, and endometrial cancers. There is little to no prior evidence in the literature on the impact of PM2.5 on risk of these cancers, warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Craver
- Institute for Population and Precision Health, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jiajun Luo
- Institute for Population and Precision Health, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Muhammad G Kibriya
- Institute for Population and Precision Health, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nina Randorf
- Institute for Population and Precision Health, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kendall Bahl
- Institute for Population and Precision Health, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elizabeth Connellan
- Institute for Population and Precision Health, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Johnny Powell
- Institute for Population and Precision Health, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Paul Zakin
- Institute for Population and Precision Health, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rena R Jones
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maria Argos
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joyce Ho
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Karen Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Martha L Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Philip Greenland
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Habibul Ahsan
- Institute for Population and Precision Health, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Briseis Aschebrook-Kilfoy
- Institute for Population and Precision Health, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Jones RR. The complexities of PM2.5, greenspace, and childhood cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2024:djae069. [PMID: 38641417 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djae069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rena R Jones
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
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Ma X, Fisher JA, McGlynn KA, Liao LM, Vasiliou V, Sun N, Kaufman JD, Silverman DT, Jones RR. Long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter and risk of liver cancer in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. Environ Int 2024; 187:108637. [PMID: 38636274 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure has been associated with liver cancer incidence and mortality in a limited number of studies. We sought to evaluate this relationship for the first time in a U.S. cohort with historical exposure assessment. METHODS We used spatiotemporal prediction models to estimate annual average historical PM2.5 concentrations (1980-2015) at residential addresses of 499,729 participants in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study, a cohort in 6 states (California, Florida, Louisiana, New Jersey, North Carolina, and Pennsylvania) and 2 metropolitan areas (Atlanta, Georgia, and Detroit, Michigan) enrolled in 1995-1996 and followed up through 2017. We used a time-varying Cox model to estimate the association for liver cancer and the predominant histologic type, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), per 5 µg/m3 increase in estimated outdoor PM2.5 levels, incorporating a 5-year average, lagged 10 years prior to cancer diagnosis and adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education level and catchment state. We also evaluated PM2.5 interactions with hypothesized effect modifiers. RESULTS We observed a non-significantly increased risk of liver cancer associated with estimated PM2.5 exposure (Hazard ratio [HR] = 1.05 [0.96-1.14], N = 1,625); associations were slightly stronger for HCC, (84 % of cases; HR = 1.08 [0.98-1.18]). Participants aged 70 or older at enrollment had an increased risk of liver cancer versus other age groups (HR = 1.50 [1.01-2.23]); p-interaction = 0.01) and risk was elevated among participants who did not exercise (HR = 1.81 [1.22-2.70]; p-interaction = 0.01). We found no evidence of effect modification by sex, smoking status, body mass index, diabetes status, or alcohol consumption (p-interaction > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings in this large cohort suggest that residential ambient PM2.5 levels may be associated with liver cancer risk. Further exploration of the variation in associations by age and physical activity are important areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqi Ma
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jared A Fisher
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Katherine A McGlynn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Linda M Liao
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ning Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joel D Kaufman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Debra T Silverman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Rena R Jones
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
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VoPham T, White AJ, Jones RR. Geospatial Science for the Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer in the Exposome Era. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024; 33:451-460. [PMID: 38566558 PMCID: PMC10996842 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-1237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Geospatial science is the science of location or place that harnesses geospatial tools, such as geographic information systems (GIS), to understand the features of the environment according to their locations. Geospatial science has been transformative for cancer epidemiologic studies through enabling large-scale environmental exposure assessments. As the research paradigm for the exposome, or the totality of environmental exposures across the life course, continues to evolve, geospatial science will serve a critical role in determining optimal practices for how to measure the environment as part of the external exposome. The objectives of this article are to provide a summary of key concepts, present a conceptual framework that illustrates how geospatial science is applied to environmental epidemiology in practice and through the lens of the exposome, and discuss the following opportunities for advancing geospatial science in cancer epidemiologic research: enhancing spatial and temporal resolutions and extents for geospatial data; geospatial methodologies to measure climate change factors; approaches facilitating the use of patient addresses in epidemiologic studies; combining internal exposome data and geospatial exposure models of the external exposome to provide insights into biological pathways for environment-disease relationships; and incorporation of geospatial data into personalized cancer screening policies and clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang VoPham
- Epidemiology Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Alexandra J. White
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Rena R. Jones
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
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Skalaban TG, Thompson DA, Madrigal JM, Blount BC, Espinosa MM, Kolpin DW, Deziel NC, Jones RR, Beane Freeman L, Hofmann JN, Ward MH. Nitrate exposure from drinking water and dietary sources among Iowa farmers using private wells. Sci Total Environ 2024; 919:170922. [PMID: 38350573 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Nitrate levels are increasing in water resources across the United States and nitrate ingestion from drinking water has been associated with adverse health risks in epidemiologic studies at levels below the maximum contaminant level (MCL). In contrast, dietary nitrate ingestion has generally been associated with beneficial health effects. Few studies have characterized the contribution of both drinking water and dietary sources to nitrate exposure. The Agricultural Health Study is a prospective cohort of farmers and their spouses in Iowa and North Carolina. In 2018-2019, we assessed nitrate exposure for 47 farmers who used private wells for their drinking water and lived in 8 eastern Iowa counties where groundwater is vulnerable to nitrate contamination. Drinking water and dietary intakes were estimated using the National Cancer Institute Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Assessment tool. We measured nitrate in tap water and estimated dietary nitrate from a database of food concentrations. Urinary nitrate was measured in first morning void samples in 2018-19 and in archived samples from 2010 to 2017 (minimum time between samples: 2 years; median: 7 years). We used linear regression to evaluate urinary nitrate concentrations in relation to total nitrate, and drinking water and dietary intakes separately. Overall, dietary nitrate contributed the most to total intake (median: 97 %; interquartile range [IQR]: 57-99 %). Among 15 participants (32 %) whose drinking water nitrate concentrations were at/above the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency MCL (10 mg/L NO3-N), median intake from water was 44 % (IQR: 26-72 %). Total nitrate intake was the strongest predictor of urinary nitrate concentrations (R2 = 0.53). Drinking water explained a similar proportion of the variation in nitrate excretion (R2 = 0.52) as diet (R2 = 0.47). Our findings demonstrate the importance of both dietary and drinking water intakes as determinants of nitrate excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy G Skalaban
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States of America; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Darrin A Thompson
- Center for Health Effects of Environmental Contamination, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Jessica M Madrigal
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States of America
| | - Benjamin C Blount
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, National Center for Environmental Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Maria Morel Espinosa
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, National Center for Environmental Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Dana W Kolpin
- U.S. Geological Survey, Central Midwest Water Science Center, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Nicole C Deziel
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Rena R Jones
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States of America
| | - Laura Beane Freeman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States of America
| | - Jonathan N Hofmann
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States of America
| | - Mary H Ward
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States of America.
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Thomas AL, Rhee J, Fisher JA, Horner MJ, Jones RR. Fine particulate matter, noise pollution, and greenspace and prostate cancer risk in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial Cohort. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024:741850. [PMID: 38497801 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-1413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Greenspace is hypothesized as being protective against cancer, whereas noise pollution and fine particulate matter (<2.5 µm in diameter, PM2.5) are both potential risk factors. Findings from recent studies of greenspace and PM2.5 with prostate cancer are not conclusive and the association between noise exposure and cancer has not been evaluated in a U.S. STUDY METHODS We assessed PM2.5, noise, and greenspace exposure using spatiotemporal models and satellite-based estimates at enrollment addresses for N=43,184 male participants of the prospective Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer (PLCO) Screening Trial cohort (enrolled 1994-2001). We used Cox regression models adjusted for age, race and ethnicity, study center, family history of prostate cancer, and Area Deprivation Index to estimate associations between ambient PM2.5 (µg/m3), greenspace (index range from -1 to 1), and noise pollution (loudest 10% of total existing sound, decibels) and incident prostate cancer risk through December 2017. RESULTS A total of 6,327 cases of prostate cancer were diagnosed among male participants during follow-up. PM2.5 and noise exposures were moderately positively correlated (Spearman's rho=0.46), and PM2.5 and greenspace were not correlated (ρ=0.10); greenspace and noise were inversely correlated (ρ=-0.32). In single-pollutant and multipollutant models mutually adjusted for co-exposures, we found no associations with prostate cancer risk. CONCLUSION We did not find evidence that PM2.5, greenspace, and noise pollution were associated with prostate cancer risk in this large, geographically spread cohort. IMPACT This study contributes to a small body of existing literature investigating these biologically plausible associations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jongeun Rhee
- National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
| | | | | | - Rena R Jones
- National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
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Madrigal JM, Troisi R, Surcel HM, Öhman H, Kivelä J, Kiviranta H, Rantakokko P, Koponen J, Medgyesi DN, Kitahara CM, McGlynn KA, Sampson J, Albert PS, Ward MH, Jones RR. Prediagnostic serum concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and risk of papillary thyroid cancer in the Finnish Maternity Cohort. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:979-991. [PMID: 37902275 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) occurs globally through contaminated food, dust, and drinking water. Studies of PFAS and thyroid cancer have been limited. We conducted a nested case-control study of prediagnostic serum levels of 19 PFAS and papillary thyroid cancer (400 cases, 400 controls) in the Finnish Maternity Cohort (pregnancies 1986-2010; follow-up through 2016), individually matched on sample year and age. We used conditional logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for log2 transformed and categorical exposures, overall and stratified by calendar period, birth cohort, and median age at diagnosis. We adjusted for other PFAS with Spearman correlation rho = 0.3-0.6. Seven PFAS, including perfluoroctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), N-ethyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamidoacetic acid (EtFOSAA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) were detected in >50% of women. These PFAS were not associated with risk of thyroid cancer, except for PFHxS, which was inversely associated (OR log2 = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.70-0.97). We observed suggestive but imprecise increased risks associated with PFOA, PFOS, and EtFOSAA for those diagnosed at ages <40 years, whereas associations were null or inverse among those diagnosed at 40+ years (P-interaction: .02, .08, .13, respectively). There was little evidence of other interactions. These results show no clear association between PFAS and papillary thyroid cancer risk. Future work would benefit from evaluation of these relationships among those with higher exposure levels and during periods of early development when the thyroid gland may be more susceptible to environmental harms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Madrigal
- Occupational & Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics (DCEG), National Cancer Institute (NCI), Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Rebecca Troisi
- Trans-Divisional Research Program, DCEG, NCI, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Heljä-Marja Surcel
- Biobank Borealis of Northern Finland, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hanna Öhman
- Biobank Borealis of Northern Finland, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Kivelä
- Biobank Borealis of Northern Finland, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hannu Kiviranta
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare/Environmental Health Unit, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Panu Rantakokko
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare/Environmental Health Unit, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jani Koponen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare/Environmental Health Unit, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Danielle N Medgyesi
- Occupational & Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics (DCEG), National Cancer Institute (NCI), Rockville, Maryland, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Cari M Kitahara
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, DCEG, NCI, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Joshua Sampson
- Biostatistics Branch, DCEG, NCI, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul S Albert
- Biostatistics Branch, DCEG, NCI, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Mary H Ward
- Occupational & Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics (DCEG), National Cancer Institute (NCI), Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Rena R Jones
- Occupational & Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics (DCEG), National Cancer Institute (NCI), Rockville, Maryland, USA
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Medgyesi DN, Spielfogel ES, Ward MH, Jones RR, Savage KE, Benbow JL, Lacey JV, Sanchez TR. Construction of residential histories to estimate long-term environmental exposures in the California Teachers Study cohort. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2024:10.1038/s41370-023-00631-0. [PMID: 38448681 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-023-00631-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Environmental epidemiologic studies using geospatial data often estimate exposure at a participant's residence upon enrollment, but mobility during the exposure period can lead to misclassification. We aimed to mitigate this issue by constructing residential histories for participants in the California Teachers Study through follow-up (1995-2018). Address records have been collected from the US Postal Service, LexisNexis, Experian, and California Cancer Registry. We identified records of the same address based on geo-coordinate distance (≤250 m) and street name similarity. We consolidated addresses, prioritizing those confirmed by participants during follow-up questionnaires, and estimating the duration lived at each address using dates associated with records (e.g., date-first-seen). During 23 years of follow-up, about half of participants moved (48%, including 14% out-of-state). We observed greater mobility among younger women, Hispanic/Latino women, and those in metropolitan and lower socioeconomic status areas. The cumulative proportion of in-state movers remaining eligible for analysis was 21%, 32%, and 41% at 5, 10, and 20 years post enrollment, respectively. Using self-reported information collected 10 years after enrollment, we correctly identified 94% of movers and 95% of non-movers as having moved or not moved from their enrollment address. This dataset provides a foundation for estimating long-term environmental exposures in diverse epidemiologic studies in this cohort. IMPACT: Our efforts in constructing residential histories for California Teachers Study participants through follow-up (1995-2018) benefit future environmental epidemiologic studies. Address availability during the exposure period can mitigate misclassification due to residential changes, especially when evaluating long-term exposures and chronic health outcomes. This can reduce differential misclassification among more mobile subgroups, including younger women and those from lower socioeconomic and urban areas. Our approach to consolidating addresses from multiple sources showed high accuracy in comparison to self-reported residential information. The residential dataset produced from this analysis provides a valuable tool for future studies, ultimately enhancing our understanding of environmental health impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle N Medgyesi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Emma S Spielfogel
- Division of Health Analytics, Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Mary H Ward
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Rena R Jones
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Kristen E Savage
- Division of Health Analytics, Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer L Benbow
- Division of Health Analytics, Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
- Center for Data-Driven Insights and Innovation, University of California Health, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - James V Lacey
- Division of Health Analytics, Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Tiffany R Sanchez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Chang CJ, Ish JL, Chang VC, Daniel M, Jones RR, White AJ. Exposure to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Breast Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Epidemiologic Studies. Am J Epidemiol 2024:kwae010. [PMID: 38400646 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
We synthesized the epidemiologic evidence on the associations between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure and breast cancer risk. Our systematic review and meta-analysis included 18 and 11 articles, respectively, covering studies up to February 2023. The summary relative risks (RR) estimated by random-effects meta-analyses did not support an association between PFAS and overall breast cancer risk (e.g., a natural log (ln)-unit increase in serum/plasma concentrations [ng/mL] for perfluorooctanoate [PFOA] RR=0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI]:0.77-1.18; perfluorooctane sulfonate [PFOS] RR=0.98, 95%CI: 0.87-1.11). However, when limiting to studies that assessed exposures prior to a breast cancer diagnosis, we observed a positive association with PFOA (a ln-unit increase, RR=1.16, 95%CI: 0.96-1.40). We also observed some possible heterogeneous associations by tumor estrogen and progesterone receptor status among postmenopausal breast cancer cases. No meaningful changes were observed after excluding the studies with high risk-of-bias (Tier 3). Based on the evaluation tool developed by the National Toxicology Program, given the heterogeneity across studies and the variability in timing of exposure measurements, the epidemiologic evidence needed to determine the association between PFAS exposure and breast cancer remains inadequate. Our findings support the need for future studies with improved study designs to determine this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Jung Chang
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jennifer L Ish
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Vicky C Chang
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Meklit Daniel
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rena R Jones
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexandra J White
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Brown JA, Ish JL, Chang CJ, Bookwalter DB, O'Brien KM, Jones RR, Kaufman JD, Sandler DP, White AJ. Outdoor air pollution exposure and uterine cancer incidence in the sister study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2024:djae031. [PMID: 38346713 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djae031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outdoor air pollution is a ubiquitous exposure that includes endocrine-disrupting and carcinogenic compounds that may contribute to the risk of hormone-sensitive outcomes such as uterine cancer. However, there is limited evidence about the relationship between outdoor air pollution and uterine cancer incidence. METHODS We investigated the associations of residential exposure to particulate matter less than 2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) with uterine cancer among 33,417 Sister Study participants with an intact uterus at baseline (2003-2009). Annual average air pollutant concentrations were estimated at participants' geocoded primary residential address(es) using validated spatiotemporal models. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between time-varying 12-month PM2.5 (µg/m3) and NO2 (ppb) averages and uterine cancer incidence. RESULTS Over a median follow-up period of 9.8 years, 319 incident uterine cancer cases were identified. A 5-ppb increase in NO2 was associated with a 23% higher incidence of uterine cancer (HR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.04-1.46), especially among participants living in urban areas (HR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.13-2.07). However, PM2.5 was not associated with increased uterine cancer incidence. CONCLUSION In this large U.S. cohort, NO2, a marker of vehicular traffic exposure, was associated with a higher incidence of uterine cancer. These findings expand the scope of health effects associated with air pollution, supporting the need for policy and other interventions designed to reduce air pollutant exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordyn A Brown
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jennifer L Ish
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Che-Jung Chang
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Katie M O'Brien
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rena R Jones
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Joel D Kaufman
- Departments of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, Medicine, and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alexandra J White
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Sweeney MR, Nichols HB, Jones RR, Olshan AF, Keil AP, Engel LS, James P, Sandler DP, White AJ, Jackson CL. Exposure to indoor light at night in relation to multiple dimensions of sleep health: findings from the Sister Study. Sleep 2024; 47:zsad100. [PMID: 37018759 PMCID: PMC10851850 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To examine the association between light at night (LAN) and multiple sleep health dimensions. METHODS Among 47 765 Sister Study participants, indoor LAN (TV on in the room, light(s) on in room, light from outside the room, nightlight, no light) and sleep dimensions were self-reported at baseline (2003-2009). We used Poisson regression with robust variance to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the cross-sectional associations between LAN and short sleep duration (<7 hours/night), insomnia symptoms (difficulty falling or staying asleep), frequent napping (≥3 naps/week), inconsistent sleep/wake time (differed day-to-day and week-to-week), sleep debt (≥2 hours between longest and shortest duration), recent sleep medication use, and a cumulative poor sleep score (≥3 poor sleep dimensions). Population-attributable risks (PARs) were determined for any light exposure vs. none by race/ethnicity. RESULTS Compared to sleeping with no light in the bedroom, sleeping with a TV on was associated with a higher prevalence of most dimensions of poor sleep (e.g. short sleep duration: PR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.32 to 1.45; inconsistent sleep/wake time: PR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.44 to 1.66; sleep debt: PR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.29 to 1.44; poor sleep score: PR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.48-1.68). PARs tended to be higher for non-Hispanic black women compared to non-Hispanic white women. CONCLUSIONS Sleeping with a TV on was associated with poor sleep health among US women, and non-Hispanic black women may be disproportionately burdened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina R Sweeney
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Hazel B Nichols
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rena R Jones
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Andrew F Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alexander P Keil
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lawrence S Engel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Peter James
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Alexandra J White
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Chandra L Jackson
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
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12
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Jones RR, Fisher JA, Hasheminassab S, Kaufman JD, Freedman ND, Ward MH, Sioutas C, Vermeulen R, Hoek G, Silverman DT. Outdoor Ultrafine Particulate Matter and Risk of Lung Cancer in Southern California. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2024; 209:307-315. [PMID: 37856832 PMCID: PMC10840777 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202305-0902oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Particulate matter ⩽2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) is an established cause of lung cancer, but the association with ultrafine particulate matter (UFP; aerodynamic diameter < 0.1 μm) is unclear. Objectives: To investigate the association between UFP and lung cancer overall and by histologic subtype. Methods: The Los Angeles Ultrafines Study includes 45,012 participants aged ⩾50 years in southern California at enrollment (1995-1996) followed through 2017 for incident lung cancer (n = 1,770). We estimated historical residential ambient UFP number concentrations via land use regression and back extrapolation using PM2.5. In Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for smoking and other confounders, we estimated associations between 10-year lagged UFP (per 10,000 particles/cm3 and quartiles) and lung cancer overall and by major histologic subtype (adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and small cell carcinoma). We also evaluated relationships by smoking status, birth cohort, and historical duration at the residence. Measurements and Main Results: UFP was modestly associated with lung cancer risk overall (hazard ratio [HR], 1.03 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.99-1.08]). For adenocarcinoma, we observed a positive trend among men; risk was increased in the highest exposure quartile versus the lowest (HR, 1.39 [95% CI, 1.05-1.85]; P for trend = 0.01) and was also increased in continuous models (HR per 10,000 particles/cm3, 1.09 [95% CI, 1.00-1.18]), but no increased risk was apparent among women (P for interaction = 0.03). Adenocarcinoma risk was elevated among men born between 1925 and 1930 (HR, 1.13 [95% CI, 1.02-1.26] per 10,000) but not for other birth cohorts, and was suggestive for men with ⩾10 years of residential duration (HR, 1.11 [95% CI, 0.98-1.26]). We found no consistent associations for women or other histologic subtypes. Conclusions: UFP exposure was modestly associated with lung cancer overall, with stronger associations observed for adenocarcinoma of the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena R. Jones
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch and
| | | | - Sina Hasheminassab
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Joel D. Kaufman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Neal D. Freedman
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Mary H. Ward
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch and
| | - Constantinos Sioutas
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; and
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; and
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13
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He C, Jones RR. Active Suppression of Quantum Dephasing in Resonantly Driven Ensembles. Phys Rev Lett 2024; 132:043201. [PMID: 38335328 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.043201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
We have used quantum control to suppress the impact of random atom positions on coherent population transfer within atom pairs, enabling the observation of dipole-dipole driven Rabi oscillations in a Rydberg gas with hundreds of atoms. The method exploits the reduced coupling-strength sensitivity of the off-resonant Rabi frequency, and coherently amplifies the achievable population transfer in analogy to quasi-phase-matching in nonlinear optics. Simulations reproduce the experimental results and demonstrate the potential benefits of the technique to other many-body quantum control applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- C He
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4714, USA
| | - R R Jones
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4714, USA
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14
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White AJ, Fisher JA, Sweeney MR, Freedman ND, Kaufman JD, Silverman DT, Jones RR. Ambient fine particulate matter and breast cancer incidence in a large prospective US cohort. J Natl Cancer Inst 2024; 116:53-60. [PMID: 37691174 PMCID: PMC11045029 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djad170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been inconsistently associated with breast cancer incidence, however, few studies have considered historic exposure when levels were higher. METHODS Outdoor residential PM2.5 concentrations were estimated using a nationwide spatiotemporal model for women in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study, a prospective cohort located in 6 states (California, Florida, Louisiana, New Jersey, North Carolina, and Pennsylvania) and 2 metropolitan areas (Atlanta, GA, and Detroit, MI) and enrolled in 1995-1996 (n = 196 905). Annual average PM2.5 concentrations were estimated for a 5-year historical period 10 years prior to enrollment (1980-1984). We used Cox regression to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between a 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 and breast cancer incidence overall and by estrogen receptor status and catchment area. RESULTS With follow-up of participants through 2017, a total of 15 870 breast cancer cases were identified. A 10 ug/m3 increase in PM2.5 was statistically significantly associated with overall breast cancer incidence (HR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.02 to 1.13). The association was evident for estrogen receptor-positive (HR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.17) but not estrogen receptor-negative tumors (HR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.84 to 1.13; Pheterogeneity = .3). Overall breast cancer hazard ratios were more than 1 across the catchment areas, ranging from a hazard ratio of 1.26 (95% CI = 0.96 to 1.64) for North Carolina to a hazard ratio of 1.04 (95% CI = 0.68 to 1.57) for Louisiana (Pheterogeneity = .9). CONCLUSIONS In this large US cohort with historical air pollutant exposure estimates, PM2.5 was associated with risk of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. State-specific estimates were imprecise but suggest that future work should consider region-specific associations and the potential contribution of PM2.5 chemical constituency in modifying the observed association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J White
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jared A Fisher
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Marina R Sweeney
- Social & Scientific Systems, Inc, a DLH Holdings Company, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Neal D Freedman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Joel D Kaufman
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Debra T Silverman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Rena R Jones
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
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15
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Madrigal JM, Flory A, Fisher JA, Sharp E, Graubard BI, Ward MH, Jones RR. Sociodemographic inequities in the burden of carcinogenic industrial air emissions in the United States. J Natl Cancer Inst 2024:djae001. [PMID: 38180898 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djae001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Industrial facilities are not located uniformly across U.S. communities, but how the burden of exposure to carcinogenic air emissions may vary across population characteristics is unclear. We evaluated differences in carcinogenic industrial pollution among major sociodemographic groups in the U.S. and Puerto Rico. METHODS We evaluated cross-sectional associations of population characteristics including race and ethnicity, educational attainment, and poverty at the census tract level with point-source industrial emissions of 21 known human carcinogens using regulatory data from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) comparing the highest emissions (tertile or quintile) to the referent group (zero emissions/non-exposed) for all sociodemographic characteristics were estimated using multinomial, population density-adjusted logistic regression models. RESULTS In 2018, approximately 7.4 million people lived in Census tracts with nearly 12 million pounds of carcinogenic air releases. The odds of tracts having the greatest burden of benzene, 1,3-butadiene, ethylene oxide, formaldehyde, trichloroethylene, and nickel emissions compared to non-exposed were 10%-20% higher for African Americans, whereas White populations were up to 18% less likely to live in tracts with the highest emissions. Among Hispanics and Latinos, odds were 16%-21% higher for benzene, 1,3-butadiene, and ethylene oxide. Populations experiencing poverty or with less than high school education were associated with up to 51% higher burden, irrespective of race and ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS Carcinogenic industrial emissions disproportionately impact African Americans, Hispanics and Latinos, and people with limited education or experiencing poverty, thus representing a source of pollution that may contribute to observed cancer disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Madrigal
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Jared A Fisher
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth Sharp
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Barry I Graubard
- Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Mary H Ward
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Rena R Jones
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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16
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Jones RR, White AJ. Invited Perspective: New Motivations and Future Directions for Investigating Environmental Risk Factors for Breast Cancer. Environ Health Perspect 2024; 132:11301. [PMID: 38197649 PMCID: PMC10777818 DOI: 10.1289/ehp13777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Rena R. Jones
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexandra J. White
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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17
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Ma X, Fisher JA, VoPham T, Vasiliou V, Jones RR. Associations between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, liver function, and daily alcohol consumption in a sample of U.S. adults. Environ Res 2023; 235:116651. [PMID: 37451576 PMCID: PMC10948014 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous in the environment and in the serum of the U.S. POPULATION We sought to evaluate the association of PFAS independently and jointly with alcohol intake on liver function biomarkers in a sample of the U.S. general population. METHODS Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003-2016; N = 11,794), we examined the five most historically prevalent PFAS with >75% detection rates. We estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between PFAS (quartiles and log-transformed continuous, ng/mL) and high levels (>95th percentile) of liver injury biomarkers using logistic regression models adjusted for key confounders. We evaluated interactions between PFAS and alcohol consumption and sex via stratified analyses and conducted sub-analyses adjusting for daily alcohol intake among those with available drinking history (N = 10,316). RESULT Serum perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was positively associated with high levels of alanine transferase (ALT) without monotonic trend (ORQ4vsQ1 = 1.45, CI: 0.99-2.12; p-trend = 0.18), and with increased aspartate transaminase when modeled continuously (OR = 1.15, CI: 1.02-1.30; p-trend = 0.03). Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) were both inversely associated with alkaline phosphatase while a trend was evident only for PFHxS (p = 0.02). A non-monotonic inverse association was observed with PFOA (p-trend = 0.10). The highest quartile of PFOS was associated with high total bilirubin (TB; ORQ4vsQ1 = 1.57, CI: 1.01-2.43, p-trend = 0.02). No significant associations were found between any PFAS and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase. We found no associations for perfluorodecanoic acid and perfluorononanoic acid. We observed some suggestive interactions with alcohol intake, particularly among heavy drinkers. CONCLUSION Consistent with other studies, serum levels of PFOA, PFHxS and PFNA were positively associated with high levels of ALT, and we also observed weak positive associations between some PFAS and TB. Associations observed among heavy drinkers warrant additional evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqi Ma
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA; Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Jared A Fisher
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Trang VoPham
- Epidemiology Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rena R Jones
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA; Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
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Ish JL, Abubakar M, Fan S, Jones RR, Niehoff NM, Henry JE, Gierach GL, White AJ. Outdoor air pollution and histologic composition of normal breast tissue. Environ Int 2023; 176:107984. [PMID: 37224678 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biologic pathways underlying the association between outdoor air pollution and breast cancer risk are poorly understood. Breast tissue composition may reflect cumulative exposure to breast cancer risk factors and has been associated with breast cancer risk among patients with benign breast disease. Herein, we evaluated whether fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was associated with the histologic composition of normal breast tissue. METHODS Machine-learning algorithms were applied to digitized hematoxylin and eosin-stained biopsies of normal breast tissue to quantify the epithelium, stroma, adipose and total tissue area from 3,977 individuals aged 18-75 years from a primarily Midwestern United States population who donated breast tissue samples to the Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank (2009-2019). Annual levels of PM2.5 were assigned to each woman's residential address based on year of tissue donation. We applied predictive k-means to assign participants to clusters with similar PM2.5 chemical composition and used linear regression to examine the cross-sectional associations between a 5-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 and square root-transformed proportions of epithelium, stroma, adipose, and epithelium-to-stroma proportion [ESP], overall and by PM2.5 cluster. RESULTS Higher residential PM2.5 was associated with lower proportion of breast stromal tissue [β = -0.93, 95% confidence interval: (-1.52, -0.33)], but was not related to the proportion of epithelium [β = -0.11 (-0.34, 0.11)]. Although PM2.5 was not associated with ESP overall [β = 0.24 (-0.16, 0.64)], the association significantly differed by PM2.5 chemical composition (p-interaction = 0.04), with a positive association evident only among an urban, Midwestern cluster with higher concentrations of nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+) [β = 0.49 (0.03, 0.95)]. CONCLUSIONS Our findings are consistent with a possible role of PM2.5 in breast cancer etiology and suggest that changes in breast tissue composition may be a potential pathway by which outdoor air pollution impacts breast cancer risk. This study further underscores the importance of considering heterogeneity in PM2.5 composition and its impact on breast carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Ish
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Mustapha Abubakar
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Shaoqi Fan
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Rena R Jones
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Nicole M Niehoff
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Jill E Henry
- Biospecimen Collection and Banking Core, Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at the IU Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Gretchen L Gierach
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Alexandra J White
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA.
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Bradley PM, Kolpin DW, Thompson DA, Romanok KM, Smalling KL, Breitmeyer SE, Cardon MC, Cwiertny DM, Evans N, Field RW, Focazio MJ, Beane Freeman LE, Givens CE, Gray JL, Hager GL, Hladik ML, Hofmann JN, Jones RR, Kanagy LK, Lane RF, McCleskey RB, Medgyesi D, Medlock-Kakaley EK, Meppelink SM, Meyer MT, Stavreva DA, Ward MH. Juxtaposition of intensive agriculture, vulnerable aquifers, and mixed chemical/microbial exposures in private-well tapwater in northeast Iowa. Sci Total Environ 2023; 868:161672. [PMID: 36657670 PMCID: PMC9976626 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In the United States and globally, contaminant exposure in unregulated private-well point-of-use tapwater (TW) is a recognized public-health data gap and an obstacle to both risk-management and homeowner decision making. To help address the lack of data on broad contaminant exposures in private-well TW from hydrologically-vulnerable (alluvial, karst) aquifers in agriculturally-intensive landscapes, samples were collected in 2018-2019 from 47 northeast Iowa farms and analyzed for 35 inorganics, 437 unique organics, 5 in vitro bioassays, and 11 microbial assays. Twenty-six inorganics and 51 organics, dominated by pesticides and related transformation products (35 herbicide-, 5 insecticide-, and 2 fungicide-related), were observed in TW. Heterotrophic bacteria detections were near ubiquitous (94 % of the samples), with detection of total coliform bacteria in 28 % of the samples and growth on at least one putative-pathogen selective media across all TW samples. Health-based hazard index screening levels were exceeded frequently in private-well TW and attributed primarily to inorganics (nitrate, uranium). Results support incorporation of residential treatment systems to protect against contaminant exposure and the need for increased monitoring of rural private-well homes. Continued assessment of unmonitored and unregulated private-supply TW is needed to model contaminant exposures and human-health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mary C Cardon
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Nicola Evans
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rena R Jones
- National Cancer Institute/NIH, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mary H Ward
- National Cancer Institute/NIH, Rockville, MD, USA
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Rhee J, Medgyesi DN, Fisher JA, White AJ, Sampson JN, Sandler DP, Ward MH, Jones RR. Residential proximity to dioxin emissions and risk of breast cancer in the sister study cohort. Environ Res 2023; 222:115297. [PMID: 36642125 PMCID: PMC10246344 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Some dioxins are carcinogenic, but few studies have investigated the relationship between ambient polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) and risk of breast cancer. We evaluated associations between proximity-based residential exposure to industrial emissions of PCDD/F and breast cancer risk in a large U.S. cohort. Sister Study participants at enrollment (2003-2009) were followed for incident breast cancer through September 2018. After restricting to participants with ≥10 years of residential history prior to enrollment (n = 35,908), we generated 10-year distance- and toxic equivalency quotient (TEQ)-weighted average emissions indices (AEI [g TEQ/km2]) within 3, 5, or 10 km of participants' residences, overall and by facility type. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between AEI quartiles (vs. zero AEI) and risk of breast cancer [invasive or ductal carcinoma in situ]. There were 2670 incident breast cancer cases over 11 years (median) of follow-up. Breast cancer risk was increased for those in the highest quartile [Q] of AEI exposure within 3 km (HRQ4:1.18, 95% CI: 0.99,1.40, Ptrend = 0.03). The HR was higher for the 10-year AEI at 3 km from municipal solid waste facilities (HR ≥ median.vs.0:1.50, 95% CI: 0.98, 2.29; Ptrend = 0.07). Risk was higher among ever smokers (vs. never smokers) in the top quartile of the 3 km AEI (HRQ4:1.41, 95% CI:1.12,1.77, Ptrend = 0.003; Pinteraction = 0.03) and higher risk for ER negative tumors was suggested (HRQ4:1.47, 95% CI: 0.95, 2.28, Ptrend = 0.07, Pheterogeneity = 0.17). Our findings suggest that residential exposure to PCDD/F emissions may confer an increased risk of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongeun Rhee
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, United States.
| | - Danielle N Medgyesi
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Jared A Fisher
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Alexandra J White
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH, A323, David P Rall Building, 111 Tw Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Joshua N Sampson
- Biostatistics Branch, DCEG, NCI, NIH, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH, A323, David P Rall Building, 111 Tw Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Mary H Ward
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Rena R Jones
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, United States
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21
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VoPham T, Jones RR. State of the science on outdoor air pollution exposure and liver cancer risk. Environ Adv 2023; 11:100354. [PMID: 36875691 PMCID: PMC9984166 DOI: 10.1016/j.envadv.2023.100354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Background There is emerging evidence that air pollution exposure increases the risk of developing liver cancer. To date, there have been four epidemiologic studies conducted in the United States, Taiwan, and Europe showing generally consistent positive associations between ambient exposure to air pollutants, including particulate matter <2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and liver cancer risk. There are several research gaps and thus valuable opportunities for future work to continue building on this expanding body of literature. The objectives of this paper are to narratively synthesize existing epidemiologic literature on the association between air pollution exposure and liver cancer incidence and describe future research directions to advance the science of understanding the role of air pollution exposure in liver cancer development. Future research directions include 1) accounting for potential confounding by established risk factors for the predominant histological subtype, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); 2) examination of incident primary liver cancer outcomes with consideration of potential differential associations according to histology; 3) air pollution exposure assessments considering early-life and/or historical exposures, residential histories, residual confounding from other sources of air pollution (e.g., tobacco smoking), and integration of geospatial ambient exposure modeling with novel biomarker technologies; 4) examination of air pollution mixtures experienced in the exposome; 5) consideration of increased opportunities for exposure to outdoor air pollution due to climate change (e.g., wildfires); and 6) consideration of modifying factors for air pollution exposure, such as socioeconomic status, that may contribute to disparities in liver cancer incidence. Conclusions In light of mounting evidence demonstrating that higher levels of air pollution exposure increase the risk for developing liver cancer, methodological considerations primarily concerning residual confounding and improved exposure assessment are warranted to robustly demonstrate an independent association for air pollution as a hepatocarcinogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang VoPham
- Epidemiology Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, 3980 15th Avenue NE, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Rena R. Jones
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 9609 Medical Center Drive MSC 9776, Bethesda, Maryland 20850, United States
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22
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Trottier BA, Niehoff NM, Keil AP, Jones RR, Levine KE, MacNell NS, White AJ. Residential Proximity to Metal-Containing Superfund Sites and Their Potential as a Source of Disparities in Metal Exposure among U.S. Women. Environ Health Perspect 2023; 131:37701. [PMID: 36917478 PMCID: PMC10013684 DOI: 10.1289/ehp11045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany A Trottier
- Hazardous Substances Research Branch, Division of Extramural Research and Training, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nicole M Niehoff
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alexander P Keil
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rena R Jones
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Keith E Levine
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Alexandra J White
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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23
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Chang VC, Rhee J, Berndt SI, Moore SC, Freedman ND, Jones RR, Silverman DT, Gierach GL, Hofmann JN, Purdue MP. Serum perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoate and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer according to hormone receptor status: An analysis in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Int J Cancer 2023. [PMID: 36843273 PMCID: PMC10405832 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are highly persistent endocrine-disrupting chemicals that may contribute to breast cancer development; however, epidemiologic evidence is limited. We investigated associations between prediagnostic serum levels of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and postmenopausal breast cancer risk, overall and by hormone receptor status, in a nested case-control study of 621 cases and 621 matched controls in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. PFOS and PFOA levels were determined based on serum metabolomic profiling performed using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. We used multivariable conditional logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between each PFAS and breast cancer risk, overall, by estrogen receptor (ER) or progesterone receptor (PR) status, and by joint ER/PR status. We found little evidence of association between PFOS or PFOA and breast cancer risk overall. However, in subtype-specific analyses, we observed statistically significant increased risks of ER+, PR+, and ER+/PR+ tumors for the third vs lowest quartile of serum PFOS (ORs [95% CIs] = 1.59 [1.01-2.50], 2.34 [1.29-4.23], and 2.19 [1.21-3.98], respectively) and elevated but nonstatistically significant ORs for the fourth quartile. Conversely, for PFOA, modest positive associations with ER-, PR-, ER+/PR-, and ER-/PR- tumors were generally seen in the upper quartiles. Our findings contribute evidence supporting positive associations between serum PFOS and hormone receptor-positive tumors, and possibly between PFOA and receptor-negative tumors. Future prospective studies incorporating tumor hormone receptor status are needed to better understand the role of PFAS in breast cancer etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky C Chang
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jongeun Rhee
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven C Moore
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Neal D Freedman
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rena R Jones
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Debra T Silverman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gretchen L Gierach
- Integrative Tumor Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan N Hofmann
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark P Purdue
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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24
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Shreves AH, Buller ID, Chase E, Creutzfeldt H, Fisher JA, Graubard BI, Hoover RN, Silverman DT, Devesa SS, Jones RR. Geographic Patterns in U.S. Lung Cancer Mortality and Cigarette Smoking. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023; 32:193-201. [PMID: 36413442 PMCID: PMC9905286 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-22-0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the success of smoking cessation campaigns, lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death in the U.S. Variations in smoking behavior and lung cancer mortality are evident by sex and region. METHODS Applying geospatial methods to lung cancer mortality data from the National Vital Statistics System and county-level estimates of smoking prevalences from the NCI's Small Area Estimates of Cancer-Related Measures, we evaluated patterns in lung cancer mortality rates (2005-2018) in relation to patterns in ever cigarette smoking prevalences (1997-2003). RESULTS Overall, ever smoking spatial patterns were generally associated with lung cancer mortality rates, which were elevated in the Appalachian region and lower in the West for both sexes. However, we also observed geographic variation in mortality rates that is not explained by smoking. Using Lee's L statistic for assessing bivariate spatial association, we identified counties where the ever smoking prevalence was low and lung cancer rates were high. We observed a significant cluster of counties (n = 25; P values ranging from 0.001 to 0.04) with low ever smoking prevalence and high mortality rates among females around the Mississippi River region south of St. Louis, Missouri and a similar and smaller cluster among males in Western Mississippi (n = 12; P values ranging from 0.002 to 0.03) that has not been previously described. CONCLUSIONS Our analyses identified U.S. counties where factors other than smoking may be driving lung cancer mortality. IMPACT These novel findings highlight areas where investigation of environmental and other risk factors for lung cancer is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaina H Shreves
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts.,Trans-Divisional Research Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ian D Buller
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, DCEG, NCI, NIH Bethesda, Maryland.,Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, Division of Cancer Prevention, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth Chase
- Biostatistics Branch, DCEG, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Hannah Creutzfeldt
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, DCEG, NCI, NIH Bethesda, Maryland.,Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jared A Fisher
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, DCEG, NCI, NIH Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | - Debra T Silverman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, DCEG, NCI, NIH Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Susan S Devesa
- Infections and Immunology Branch, DCEG, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
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25
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Medgyesi DN, Trabert B, Fisher JA, Xiao Q, James P, White AJ, Madrigal JM, Jones RR. Outdoor light at night and risk of endometrial cancer in the NIH-AARP diet and health study. Cancer Causes Control 2023; 34:181-187. [PMID: 36222982 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-022-01632-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Outdoor light at night (LAN) can result in circadian disruption and hormone dysregulation and is a suspected risk factor for some cancers. Our study is the first to evaluate the association between LAN and risk of endometrial cancer, a malignancy with known relationship to circulating estrogen levels. METHODS We linked enrollment addresses (1996) for 97,677 postmenopausal women in the prospective NIH-AARP cohort to satellite imagery of nighttime radiance to estimate LAN exposure. Multivariable Cox models estimated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for LAN quintiles and incident endometrial cancer overall (1,669 cases) and endometrioid adenocarcinomas (991 cases) through follow-up (2011). We tested for interaction with established endometrial cancer risk factors. RESULTS We observed no association for endometrial cancer overall (HRQ1vsQ5 0.92; 95% CI 0.78-1.08; p trend = 0.67) or endometrioid adenocarcinoma (HRQ1vsQ5 1.01; 95% CI 0.82-1.24; p trend = 0.36). Although body mass index and menopause hormone therapy were both associated with risk, there was no evidence of interaction with LAN (p interactions = 0.52 and 0.50, respectively). CONCLUSION Our study did not find an association between outdoor LAN and endometrial cancer risk, but was limited by the inability to account for individual-level exposure determinants. Future studies should consider approaches to improve characterization of personal exposures to light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle N Medgyesi
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Britton Trabert
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Jared A Fisher
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Qian Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peter James
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra J White
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jessica M Madrigal
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Rena R Jones
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA. .,Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Room 6E606, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
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26
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Ward MH, Madrigal JM, Jones RR, Friesen MC, Falk RT, Koebel D, Metayer C. Glyphosate in house dust and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in California. Environ Int 2023; 172:107777. [PMID: 36746112 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Residential use of pesticides has been associated with increased risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We evaluated determinants of glyphosate concentrations in house dust and estimated ALL risk in the California Childhood Leukemia Study (CCLS). METHODS The CCLS is a population-based case-control study of childhood leukemia in California. Among those < 8-years (no move since diagnosis/reference date), we collected dust (2001-2007) from the room where the child spent the most time while awake and measured > 40 pesticides. Three-to-eight years later, we collected a second sample from non-movers. We used Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry to measure glyphosate (µg/g dust) for 181 ALL cases and 225 controls and for 45 households with a second dust sample. We used multivariable Tobit regression to evaluate determinants of glyphosate concentrations. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for ALL and quartiles of the concentration (first samples) using unconditional logistic regression. We computed the within- and between-home variance and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). RESULTS Glyphosate was frequently detected (cases: 98 %; controls: 99 %). Higher concentrations were associated with occupational pesticide exposure, nearby agricultural use, treatment for lawn weeds and bees/wasps, and sampling season. Increasing concentrations were not associated with ALL risk (adjusted ORQ4vsQ1 = 0.8, CI: 0.4-1.4). We observed similar null associations for boys and girls, Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites, and among those who resided in their home since birth (76 cases/117 controls) or age two (130 cases/176 controls). The ICC was 0.32 indicating high within-home temporal variability during the years of our study. CONCLUSIONS We observed higher concentrations in homes associated with expected predictors of exposure but no association with childhood ALL risk. Due to continuing use, potential exposure to young children is high. It will be important to evaluate risk in future studies with multiple dust measurements or biomarkers of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary H Ward
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 9609 Medical Center Dr., Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | - Jessica M Madrigal
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 9609 Medical Center Dr., Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Rena R Jones
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 9609 Medical Center Dr., Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Melissa C Friesen
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 9609 Medical Center Dr., Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Roni T Falk
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 9609 Medical Center Dr., Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | | | - Catherine Metayer
- University of California, Berkeley, School of Public Health, 1995 University Ave, Suite 265, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
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27
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Jones RR, Fisher JA, Medgyesi DN, Buller ID, Liao LM, Gierach G, Ward MH, Silverman DT. Ethylene oxide emissions and incident breast cancer and non-Hodgkin lymphoma in a U.S. cohort. J Natl Cancer Inst 2023; 115:405-412. [PMID: 36633307 PMCID: PMC10086621 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djad004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethylene oxide (EtO) is a carcinogenic gas used in chemical production and to sterilize medical equipment that has been linked to risk of breast and lymphohematopoietic cancers in a small number of occupational studies. We investigated the relationship between environmental EtO exposure and risk of these cancers. METHODS Using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Toxics Release Inventory, we estimated historical exposures for NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study participants enrolled in 1995-1996. We constructed two metrics at 3, 5, and 10 km: 1) distance between residences and EtO-emitting facilities, weighted by the proportion of time the home was downwind of each facility, and 2) distance-weighted, wind-direction-adjusted average airborne emissions index (AEI=∑[lbs EtO/km2]). We estimated risk (hazard ratio [HR], 95% confidence interval [95%CI]) of incident breast cancer (in situ and invasive) among postmenopausal women (N = 173,670) overall and by tumor estrogen receptor (ER) status and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in the full cohort (N = 451,945). RESULTS We observed an increased risk of breast cancer associated with EtO-emitting facilities within 10 km (HR[≤10vs>10]=1.05, 95%CI = 1.00-1.10) that appeared stronger for in situ (HR[≤10vs>10]=1.13,95%CI = 1.00-1.27) than invasive (HR[≤10vs>10]=1.03,95%CI = 0.97-1.09) disease. Risk of breast cancer in situ was also increased in the top AEI quartiles, and associations weakened with larger distances (HRs[Q4vs0]=1.60,95%CI = 0.98-2.61; 1.28,95%CI = 0.92-1.79; 1.25,95%CI = 1.02-1.53 at 3, 5, and 10 km, respectively). No differences in breast cancer risk were observed by ER status. We found no clear pattern of increased NHL risk. CONCLUSIONS A novel potential association between EtO emissions and risk of in situ, but not invasive, breast cancer warrants additional evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena R Jones
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Jared A Fisher
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Danielle N Medgyesi
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Ian D Buller
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA.,Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Linda M Liao
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Gretchen Gierach
- Integrative Tumor Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Mary H Ward
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Debra T Silverman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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28
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Madrigal JM, Gunier RB, Jones RR, Flory A, Metayer C, Nuckols JR, Ward MH. Contributions of nearby agricultural insecticide applications to indoor residential exposures. Environ Int 2023; 171:107657. [PMID: 36493610 PMCID: PMC10038187 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pesticide exposure has been associated with adverse health effects. We evaluated relationships between proximity to agricultural insecticide applications and insecticides in household dust, accounting for land use and wind direction. METHODS We measured concentrations (ng/g) of nine insecticides in carpet-dust samples collected from 598 California homes. Using a geographic information system (GIS), we integrated the California Pesticide Use Reporting (CPUR) database to estimate agricultural use within residential buffers with radii of 0.5 to 4 km. We calculated the density of use (kg/km2) during 30-, 60-, 180-, and 365-day periods prior to dust collection and evaluated relationships between three density metrics (CPUR unit-based, agricultural land area adjusted, and average daily wind direction adjusted) and dust concentrations. We modeled natural-log transformed concentrations using Tobit regression for carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, diazinon, and permethrin. Odds of detection were modeled with logistic regression for azinphos-methyl, cyfluthrin, malathion, and phosmet. We adjusted for season, year, occupation, and home/garden uses. RESULTS Chlorpyrifos use within 1-4 km was associated with 1 to 2-times higher dust concentrations in both the 60- and 365-day periods. Carbaryl applications within 2-4 km of homes 60-days prior to dust collection were associated with 3 to 7-times higher concentrations and the 4 km trend was strongest using the wind-adjusted metric (p-trend = 0.04). For diazinon, there were 2-times higher concentrations for the 60-day metrics in the 2 km buffer and for the CPUR and wind-adjusted metrics within 4 km. Cyfluthrin, phosmet, and azinphos-methyl applications within 4 km in the prior 365-days were associated with 2-, 6-, and 3-fold higher odds of detection, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Agricultural use of six of the nine insecticides within 4 km is an important determinant of indoor contamination. Our findings demonstrated that GIS-based metrics for quantifying potential exposure to fugitive emissions from agriculture should incorporate tailored distances and time periods and support wind-adjustment for some, but not all insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Madrigal
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Robert B Gunier
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), University of California, Berkeley, School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Rena R Jones
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Catherine Metayer
- University of California, Berkeley, School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - John R Nuckols
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; JRN Environmental Health Sciences, Ltd, North Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mary H Ward
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, USA
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Sweeney MR, Nichols HB, Jones RR, Olshan AF, Keil AP, Engel LS, James P, Jackson CL, Sandler DP, White AJ. Light at night and the risk of breast cancer: Findings from the Sister study. Environ Int 2022; 169:107495. [PMID: 36084405 PMCID: PMC9561075 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Light at night (LAN) may alter estrogen regulation through circadian disruption. High levels of outdoor LAN may increase breast cancer risk, but studies have largely not considered possible residual confounding from correlated environmental exposures. We evaluated the association between indoor and outdoor LAN and incident breast cancer. METHODS In 47,145 participants in the prospective Sister Study cohort living in the contiguous U.S., exposure to outdoor LAN was determined using satellite-measured residential data and indoor LAN was self-reported (light/TV on, light from outside the room, nightlight, no light). We used Cox proportional hazards models to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between outdoor and indoor LAN and breast cancer risk. Models were adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, annual household income, neighborhood disadvantage, latitude, and population density as a proxy for urbanicity. To evaluate the potential for residual confounding of the outdoor LAN and breast cancer relationship by factors associated with urbanicity, we considered further adjustment for exposures correlated with outdoor LAN including NO2 [Spearman correlation coefficient, rho (ρ) = 0.78], PM2.5 (ρ = 0.36), green space (ρ = - 0.41), and noise (ρ = 0.81). RESULTS During 11 years of follow-up, 3,734 breast cancer cases were identified. Outdoor LAN was modestly, but non-monotonically, associated with a higher risk of breast cancer (Quintile 4 vs 1: HR = 1.10, 95% CI: 0.99-1.22; Quintile 5 vs 1: HR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.93-1.16); however, no association was evident after adjustment for correlated ambient exposures (Quintile 4 vs 1: HR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.86-1.14; Quintile 5 vs 1: HR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.74-1.06). Compared to those with no indoor LAN exposure, sleeping with a light or TV on was associated with a HR = 1.09 (95% CI: 0.97-1.23) in the adjusted model. CONCLUSIONS Outdoor LAN does not appear to increase the risk of breast cancer after adjustment for correlated environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina R Sweeney
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hazel B Nichols
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rena R Jones
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew F Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alexander P Keil
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lawrence S Engel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Peter James
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chandra L Jackson
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA; Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Alexandra J White
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA.
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Manley CK, Spaur M, Madrigal JM, Fisher JA, Jones RR, Parks CG, Hofmann JN, Sandler DP, Beane Freeman L, Ward MH. Drinking water sources and water quality in a prospective agricultural cohort. Environ Epidemiol 2022; 6:e210. [PMID: 35702502 PMCID: PMC9187174 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe drinking water sources and water quality for a large agricultural cohort. We used questionnaire data from the Agricultural Health Study (N = 89,655), a cohort of licensed pesticide applicators and their spouses in Iowa (IA) and North Carolina (NC), to ascertain drinking water source at enrollment (1993-1997). For users of public water supplies (PWS), we linked participants' geocoded addresses to contaminant monitoring data [five haloacetic acids (HAA5), total trihalomethanes (TTHM), and nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N)]. We estimated private well nitrate levels using random forest models accounting for well depth, soil characteristics, nitrogen inputs, and other predictors. We assigned drinking water source for 84% (N = 74,919) of participants. Among these, 69% of IA and 75% of NC participants used private wells; 27% in IA and 21% in NC used PWS. Median PWS nitrate concentrations (NO3-N) were higher in IA [0.9 mg/L, interquartile range (IQR): 0.4-3.1 mg/L] than NC (0.1 mg/L, IQR: 0.1-0.2 mg/L), while median HAA5 and TTHM concentrations were higher in NC (HAA5: 11.9 µg/L, IQR: 5.5-33.4 µg/L; TTHM: 37.7 µg/L, IQR: 10.7-54.7 µg/L) than IA (HAA5: 5.0 µg/L, IQR: 3.7-10.7 µg/L; TTHM: 13.0 µg/L, IQR: 4.2-32.4 µg/L). Private well nitrate concentrations in IA (1.5 mg/L, IQR: 0.8-4.9 mg/L) and NC (1.9 mg/L, IQR: 1.4-2.5 mg/L) were higher than PWS. More private wells in IA (12%) exceeded 10 mg/L NO3-N (regulatory limit for PWS) than NC (<1%). Due to the proximity of their drinking water sources to farms, agricultural communities may be exposed to elevated nitrate levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherrel K. Manley
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Maya Spaur
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York City, New York
| | - Jessica M. Madrigal
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jared A. Fisher
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rena R. Jones
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Christine G. Parks
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Jonathan N. Hofmann
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Dale P. Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Laura Beane Freeman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mary H. Ward
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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DelNero PF, Buller ID, Jones RR, Tatalovich Z, Vanderpool RC, Ciolino HP, Croyle RT. A National Map of NCI-Designated Cancer Center Catchment Areas on the 50th Anniversary of the Cancer Centers Program. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022; 31:965-971. [PMID: 35101903 PMCID: PMC9074106 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-1230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 1971, the National Cancer Act created a process to recognize the leadership, facilities, and research efforts at cancer centers throughout the United States. Toward this goal, each NCI-designated cancer center defines and describes a catchment area to which they tailor specific scientific and community engagement activities. METHODS The geographically defined catchment areas of 63 NCI-designated comprehensive and clinical cancer centers are collated and presented visually. In addition, the NCI-designated cancer center catchment areas are geographically linked with publicly available data sources to aggregate sociodemographic and epidemiologic characteristics across the NCI Cancer Centers Program. RESULTS The national map portrays the size, shape, and locations for 63 catchment areas of the 71 NCI-designated cancer centers. The findings illustrate the geographic extent of the NCI Cancer Centers Program during the 50th anniversary of the National Cancer Act. CONCLUSIONS NCI-designated cancer centers occupy a prominent role in the cancer control ecosystem and continue to perform research to address the burden of cancer among their local communities. The strength of the NCI Cancer Centers Program is partly defined by the scope, quality, and impact of community outreach and engagement activities in the catchment areas. IMPACT The collation and geographic presentation of the distinct, but complementary, NCI-designated cancer center catchment areas are intended to support future research and community outreach activities among NCI-designated cancer centers. See related commentary by Vadaparampil and Tiro, p. 952.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter F. DelNero
- Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
- Implementation Science, Office of the Director, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Ian D. Buller
- Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Rena R. Jones
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Zaria Tatalovich
- Statistical Research & Applications Branch, Surveillance Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Robin C. Vanderpool
- Health Communication and Informatics Research Branch, Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Henry P. Ciolino
- Office of Cancer Centers, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Robert T. Croyle
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
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Medgyesi DN, Trabert B, Sampson J, Weyer PJ, Prizment A, Fisher JA, Beane Freeman LE, Ward MH, Jones RR. Drinking Water Disinfection Byproducts, Ingested Nitrate, and Risk of Endometrial Cancer in Postmenopausal Women. Environ Health Perspect 2022; 130:57012. [PMID: 35622390 PMCID: PMC9138501 DOI: 10.1289/ehp10207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disinfection byproducts (DBPs) and N-nitroso compounds (NOC), formed endogenously after nitrate ingestion, are suspected endometrial carcinogens, but epidemiological studies are limited. OBJECTIVES We investigated the relationship of these exposures with endometrial cancer risk in a large prospective cohort. METHODS Among postmenopausal women in the Iowa Women's Health Study cohort, we evaluated two major classes of DBPs, total trihalomethanes (TTHM) and five haloacetic acids (HAA5), and nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) in public water supplies (PWS) in relation to incident primary endometrial cancer (1986-2014). For women using their PWS >10y at enrollment (n=10,501; cases=261), we computed historical averages of annual concentrations; exposures were categorized into quantiles and when possible ≥95th percentile. We also computed years of PWS use above one-half the U.S. maximum contaminant level (>½ MCL; 40μg/L TTHM; 30μg/L HAA5; 5mg/L NO3-N). Dietary nitrate/nitrite intakes were estimated from a food frequency questionnaire. We estimated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) via Cox models adjusted for age, endometrial cancer risk factors [e.g., body mass index, hormone replacement therapy (HRT)], and mutually adjusted for DBPs or NO3-N. We evaluated associations for low-grade (cases=99) vs. high-grade (cases=114) type I tumors. We assessed interactions between exposures and endometrial cancer risk factors and dietary factors influencing NOC formation. RESULTS Higher average concentrations of DBPs (95th percentile: TTHM ≥93μg/L, HAA5 ≥49μg/L) were associated with endometrial cancer risk (TTHM: HR95vsQ1=2.19, 95% CI: 1.41, 3.40; HAA5: HR95vsQ1=1.84, 95% CI: 1.19, 2.83; ptrend<0.01). Associations were similarly observed for women greater than median years of PWS use with levels >½ MCL, in comparison with zero years (TTHM: HR36+vs0y=1.61, 95% CI: 1.18, 2.21; HAA5: HR38+vs0y=1.85, 95% CI: 1.31, 2.62). Associations with DBPs appeared stronger for low-grade tumors (TTHM: HRQ4vsQ1=2.12, 95% CI: 1.17, 3.83; p-trend=0.008) than for high-grade tumors (TTHM: HRQ4vsQ1=1.40, 95% CI: 0.80, 2.44; p-trend=0.339), but differences were not statistically significant (p-heterogeneity=0.43). Associations with TTHM were stronger among ever HRT users than non-HRT users (p-interaction<0.01). We observed no associations with NO3-N in drinking water or diet. DISCUSSION We report novel associations between the highest DBP levels and endometrial cancer for our Iowa cohort that warrant future evaluation. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10207.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle N. Medgyesi
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Britton Trabert
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, DCEG, NCI, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Joshua Sampson
- Biostatistics Branch, DCEG, NCI, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter J. Weyer
- Center for Health Effects of Environmental Contamination, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Anna Prizment
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jared A. Fisher
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Laura E. Beane Freeman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mary H. Ward
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rena R. Jones
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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White AJ, Gregoire AM, Fisher JA, Medgyesi DN, Li L, Koutrakis P, Sandler DP, Jones RR. Exposure to Particle Radioactivity and Breast Cancer Risk in the Sister Study: A U.S.-Wide Prospective Cohort. Environ Health Perspect 2022; 130:47701. [PMID: 35377195 PMCID: PMC8978644 DOI: 10.1289/ehp10288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J. White
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Allyson M. Gregoire
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jared A. Fisher
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Danielle N. Medgyesi
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Longxiang Li
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dale P. Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rena R. Jones
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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Pritchett N, Spangler EC, Gray GM, Livinski AA, Sampson JN, Dawsey SM, Jones RR. Exposure to Outdoor Particulate Matter Air Pollution and Risk of Gastrointestinal Cancers in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Epidemiologic Evidence. Environ Health Perspect 2022; 130:36001. [PMID: 35234536 PMCID: PMC8890324 DOI: 10.1289/ehp9620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outdoor air pollution is a known lung carcinogen, but research investigating the association between particulate matter (PM) and gastrointestinal (GI) cancers is limited. OBJECTIVES We sought to review the epidemiologic literature on outdoor PM and GI cancers and to put the body of studies into context regarding potential for bias and overall strength of evidence. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies that evaluated the association of fine PM [PM with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤2.5μm (PM2.5)] and PM10 (aerodynamic diameter ≤10μm) with GI cancer incidence or mortality in adults. We searched five databases for original research published from 1980 to 2021 in English and summarized findings for studies employing a quantitative estimate of exposure overall and by specific GI cancer subtypes. We evaluated the risk of bias of individual studies and the overall quality and strength of the evidence according to the Navigation Guide methodology, which is tailored for environmental health research. RESULTS Twenty studies met inclusion criteria and included participants from 14 countries; nearly all were of cohort design. All studies identified positive associations between PM exposure and risk of at least one GI cancer, although in 3 studies these relationships were not statistically significant. Three of 5 studies estimated associations with PM10 and satisfied inclusion criteria for meta-analysis, but each assessed a different GI cancer and were therefore excluded. In the random-effects meta-analysis of 13 studies, PM2.5 exposure was associated with an increased risk of GI cancer overall [risk ratio (RR)=1.12; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.24]. The most robust associations were observed for liver cancer (RR=1.31; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.56) and colorectal cancer (RR=1.35; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.62), for which all studies identified an increased risk. We rated most studies with "probably low" risk of bias and the overall body of evidence as "moderate" quality with "limited" evidence for this association. We based this determination on the generally positive, but inconsistently statistically significant, effect estimates reported across a small number of studies. CONCLUSION We concluded there is some evidence of associations between PM2.5 and GI cancers, with the strongest evidence for liver and colorectal cancers. Although there is biologic plausibility for these relationships, studies of any one cancer site were few and there remain only a small number overall. Studies in geographic areas with high GI cancer burden, evaluation of the impact of different PM exposure assessment approaches on observed associations, and investigation of cancer subtypes and specific chemical components of PM are important areas of interest for future research. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9620.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Pritchett
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Emily C. Spangler
- Global Health Section, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - George M. Gray
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Alicia A. Livinski
- National Institutes of Health Library, Office of Research Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Joshua N. Sampson
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sanford M. Dawsey
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rena R. Jones
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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VoPham T, Bertrand KA, Fisher JA, Ward MH, Laden F, Jones RR. Emissions of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds and incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States. Environ Res 2022; 204:112386. [PMID: 34800530 PMCID: PMC8671236 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Ambient dioxin exposure from industrial sources, excluding exposures from occupations and accidental releases/contamination, may be associated with risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The objective of this study was to examine the association between county-level ambient dioxin air emissions from industrial sources and HCC risk in the US. We obtained information on 90,359 incident HCC cases diagnosed between 2000 and 2016 from population-based cancer registries across the US in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Dioxin emissions from 1987 to 2007 from a nationwide spatial database of historical dioxin-emitting facilities were linked to the SEER county of residence at diagnosis using a geographic information system (GIS). Poisson regression with robust variance estimation was used to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between county-level dioxin emissions and HCC rates adjusting for individual-level age at diagnosis, sex, race/ethnicity, year of diagnosis, SEER registry, and county-level information on health conditions, lifestyle factors, and socioeconomic status. There was no association between dioxin emissions based on the number of dioxin-emitting facilities within a county or average annual emissions within a county and HCC risk. In analyses by facility type, there were positive associations between county-level dioxin emissions from coal-fired power plants (adjusted IRR 1.09, 95% CI 1.01-1.17), but not with the number of these facilities. Similarly, positive associations for industrial boilers and sewage sludge incinerators were evident, but not consistent across both exposure metrics. Future research should incorporate individual-level data to further explore the findings suggested by these ecologic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang VoPham
- Epidemiology Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, WA, 98109, United States; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, 3980 15th Avenue NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, United States.
| | - Kimberly A Bertrand
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, 72 East Concord Street L-7, Boston, MA, 02118, United States
| | - Jared A Fisher
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 9609 Medical Center Drive MSC 9776, Bethesda, MD, 20850, United States
| | - Mary H Ward
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 9609 Medical Center Drive MSC 9776, Bethesda, MD, 20850, United States
| | - Francine Laden
- Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Rena R Jones
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 9609 Medical Center Drive MSC 9776, Bethesda, MD, 20850, United States
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Buller ID, Jones RR. Invited Commentary: Predicting Incidence Rates of Rare Cancers-Adding Epidemiologic and Spatial Contexts. Am J Epidemiol 2022; 191:499-502. [PMID: 34875003 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwab285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There are unique challenges to identifying causes of and developing strategies for prevention of rare cancers, driven by the difficulty in estimating incidence, prevalence, and survival due to small case numbers. Using a Poisson modeling approach, Salmerón et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2022;191(3):487-498) built upon their previous work to estimate incidence rates of rare cancers in Europe using a Bayesian framework, establishing a uniform prior for a measure of variability for country-specific incidence rates. They offer a methodology with potential transferability to other settings with similar cancer surveillance infrastructure. However, the approach does not consider the spatiotemporal correlation of rare cancer case counts and other, potentially more appropriate nonnormal probability distributions. In this commentary, we discuss the implications of future work from cancer epidemiology and spatial epidemiology perspectives. We describe the possibility of developing prediction models tailored to each type of rare cancer; incorporating the spatial heterogeneity in at-risk populations, surveillance coverage, and risk factors in these predictions; and considering a modeling framework with which to address the inherent spatiotemporal components of these data. We note that extension of this methodology to estimate subcountry rates at provincial, state, or smaller geographic levels would be useful but would pose additional statistical challenges.
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Brown DW, Vo JB, Buller ID, Synnott NC, Jones RR, Landi MT, Huang WY, Machiela MJ, de Gonzalez AB, Freedman ND. Abstract PO-192: Comparing the association of self-reported race-ethnicity and genetic ancestry with all-cause mortality: A pan-cancer survivor analysis in the PLCO Screening Trial. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7755.disp21-po-192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Despite improvements in overall cancer survival, there are racial and ethnic disparities in mortality rates among cancer survivors. Further investigation of both socioeconomic factors and genetic ancestry is needed to better understand contributors to disparities in cancer mortality. The aim of this study was to compare self-identified race-ethnicity (SIRE) with genetic ancestry as predictors of all-cause mortality among cancer survivors enrolled in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. Multivariable Cox-proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of all-cause mortality and to assess the effect of SIRE (non-Hispanic White [NHW], non-Hispanic Black [NHB], Asian & Pacific Islander [API], Native Indian [NI], and Hispanic) and genetic ancestry (continuous percentages of African, Asian, and European ancestry summing to 1, obtained from genotype array data and SNP weights) among all cancer survivors and by primary cancer site (>350 survivors). Models were (1) age-adjusted and (2) fully adjusted for: age at cancer diagnosis, year of cancer diagnosis, sex, stage, study arm, education, income, occupation, and percent urbanicity. Likelihood-ratio tests (LRT) were used to independently assess the effect of SIRE or genetic ancestry on overall survival. Participants were followed from cancer diagnosis and censored at first occurrence of death, last contact, or December 31, 2017. Among 27,249 cancer survivors, mean age was 71 years (SD 7.1), and mean follow-up time was 7.1 years (SD 6.1). SIRE and genetic ancestry were both predictors of all-cause mortality in age-adjusted models for all cancer survivors (p-LRT<0.001), and by prostate, colorectal, ovarian, and breast cancers. In the fully adjusted model, SIRE remained significant overall (p-LRT<0.001) and for prostate cancer survivors (p-LRT=0.005). Compared to NHW, API had a lower mortality (HR: 0.76, CI: 0.68-0.84) overall, which was similar for prostate cancer survivors. In comparison, genetic ancestry within the fully adjusted model remained a significant predictor overall (p-LRT<0.001), and for prostate (p-LRT=0.008), colorectal (p-LRT=0.017), and breast cancer survivors (p-LRT=0.014). Compared to European ancestry, African ancestry had an elevated mortality (HR: 1.11, CI: 1.004-1.23) overall but not significant by cancer site. Asian ancestry had a lower mortality (HR: 0.74, CI: 0.66-0.82) overall, as well as for prostate, breast, and colorectal cancer survivors when compared to European ancestry. Our analyses indicate both SIRE and genetic ancestry are important albeit different predictors of all-cause mortality among cancer survivors, with SIRE representing a social construct and genetic ancestry representing a measure of biological variation. Lack of treatment data on all participants was a limitation for this study, and future studies should consider examining disparities by treatment access. Selection of SIRE or genetic ancestry should be carefully considered when evaluating disparities in mortality.
Citation Format: Derek W. Brown, Jacqueline B Vo, Ian D. Buller, Naoise C. Synnott, Rena R. Jones, Maria Teresa Landi, Wen-Yi Huang, Mitchell J. Machiela, Amy Berrington de Gonzalez, Neal D. Freedman. Comparing the association of self-reported race-ethnicity and genetic ancestry with all-cause mortality: A pan-cancer survivor analysis in the PLCO Screening Trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-192.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek W. Brown
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics; National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Jacqueline B Vo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics; National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Ian D. Buller
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics; National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Naoise C. Synnott
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics; National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Rena R. Jones
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics; National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Maria Teresa Landi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics; National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Wen-Yi Huang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics; National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Mitchell J. Machiela
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics; National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | | | - Neal D. Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics; National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
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Ouidir M, Tekola-Ayele F, Canty T, Grantz KL, Sciscione A, Tong D, Jones RR, Sundaram R, Williams A, Stevens D, Mendola P. Acute ambient air pollution exposure and placental Doppler results in the NICHD fetal growth studies - Singleton cohort. Environ Res 2021; 202:111728. [PMID: 34297937 PMCID: PMC8578287 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased placental vascular resistance is a proposed mechanism by which air pollution exposure during pregnancy lowers birth weight and increases pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders. OBJECTIVE To examine the impact of acute air pollution exposure during pregnancy on uterine and umbilical artery Doppler indicators of placental vascular resistance. METHODS After a first ultrasound to confirm gestational age, 2562 pregnant women recruited in 12 clinics throughout the United States underwent up to five standardized ultrasounds with Doppler measurements. Exposures to 11 air pollutants were estimated for the hour of ultrasound and each of the 2 h prior to ultrasound at the clinics using the National Air Quality Forecast Capability reanalysis products. We used mixed logistic regression to study the longitudinal odds ratio (OR) of any, uni- or bi-lateral systolic and diastolic uterine artery notching compared to no notching and the longitudinal OR of abnormal end diastolic flow of the umbilical artery compared to forward flow. Uterine and umbilical artery resistance indexes were studied using linear mixed models. RESULTS Each inter-quartile range (IQR) increase of particulate matter < 2.5 μm, nitrate, ammonium, primary organic matter (POM) and nitrogen dioxide during the hour of ultrasound was associated with a decreased risk of unilateral systolic notch and with increased resistance index of the left uterine artery. For the umbilical artery, each IQR increase in ozone was associated with decreased resistance index (b: -0.26, 95 % CI: -0.52, -0.01) and with a decreased risk of abnormal end diastolic flow (OR: 0.36, 95 % CI: 0.14, 0.94); while each IQR increase of elemental carbon and POM was associated with increased risk of abnormal end diastolic flow (OR: 1.47, 95 % CI: 1.02, 2.13 and OR: 1.67, 95 % CI: 1.17, 2.39, respectively). DISCUSSION Our results suggest acute air pollution exposure may influence placental vascular resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Ouidir
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fasil Tekola-Ayele
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Timothy Canty
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Katherine L Grantz
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anthony Sciscione
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Daniel Tong
- Center for Spatial Science and Systems, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Rena R Jones
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Rajeshwari Sundaram
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew Williams
- University of North Dakota, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Danielle Stevens
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pauline Mendola
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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Wong JYY, Jones RR, Breeze C, Blechter B, Rothman N, Hu W, Ji BT, Bassig BA, Silverman DT, Lan Q. Commute patterns, residential traffic-related air pollution, and lung cancer risk in the prospective UK Biobank cohort study. Environ Int 2021; 155:106698. [PMID: 34139591 PMCID: PMC8292218 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Commuting exposes millions of people to carcinogens from traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) but is seldomly considered in epidemiologic studies of lung cancer. In the prospective United Kingdom (UK) Biobank cohort study, we investigated associations between commute patterns, residential nitrogen dioxide concentrations (NO2; a surrogate for TRAP), and lung cancer risk. METHODS We analyzed 234,124 employed participants at baseline (2006-2010). There were 493 incident lung cancer cases diagnosed over an average 7-year follow-up. Subjects were cross-classified into exclusive categories of commute mode (automobile, public transportation, walking, cycling, active mixture, and other mixture) and frequency (regular: 1-4, often: ≥5 work-bound trips/week). Annual average residential NO2 concentrations in 2005-2007 were estimated with land use regression. Multivariable Cox regression was used to estimate associations between commute patterns, NO2 quartiles, and incident lung cancer. We conducted analyses stratified by NO2 (>, ≤median = 28.3 µg/m3) and potential confounders such as sex and smoking. RESULTS Compared to regular automobile use, commuting often by public transportation was associated with increased lung cancer risk (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.58, 95% confidence intervals (CI):1.08-2.33). Additionally, we found a positive exposure-response relationship with residential NO2 (HRQ2 = 1.21, 95 %CI: 0.90-1.62; HRQ3 = 1.48, 95 %CI: 1.10-1.99; HRQ4 = 1.58, 95 %CI: 1.13-2.23; p-trend = 3.1 × 10-3). The public transportation association was observed among those with higher NO2 (p-interaction = 0.02). Other commute categories were not associated with risk. CONCLUSIONS Commuters residing in high-NO2 areas who often use public transportation could have elevated lung cancer risk compared to regular automobile users. These results warrant investigations into which component(s) of public transportation contribute to the observed association with increased lung cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Y Y Wong
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | - Rena R Jones
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Charles Breeze
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Batel Blechter
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Wei Hu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Bu-Tian Ji
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Bryan A Bassig
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Debra T Silverman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Qing Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
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Madrigal JM, Jones RR, Gunier RB, Whitehead TP, Reynolds P, Metayer C, Ward MH. Residential exposure to carbamate, organophosphate, and pyrethroid insecticides in house dust and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Environ Res 2021; 201:111501. [PMID: 34139223 PMCID: PMC8478811 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-reported residential use of pesticides has consistently been associated with increased risk of childhood leukemia. However, these studies were limited in their ability to identify specific insecticide active ingredients that were associated with risk. OBJECTIVE We used household carpet dust measurements of 20 insecticides (two carbamate, 10 organophosphate, two organochlorine, and six pyrethroid) as indicators of exposure and evaluated associations with the risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). METHODS We conducted a population-based case-control study of 252 ALL cases diagnosed from 1999 to 2007 and 306 birth certificate controls from 35 counties in Central and Northern California. Carpet dust was collected at a second interview (2001-2007) for cases who had not moved since diagnosis (comparable reference date for controls) using a specialized vacuum cleaner in the room where the child spent most of their time or from the household vacuum. Insecticides were categorized as detected (yes/no), or as tertiles or quartiles of their distributions among controls. We calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using unconditional logistic regression adjusting for demographic characteristics, interview year, and season of dust collection. RESULTS Permethrin, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and carbaryl were the most frequently detected insecticide active ingredients. When we compared the highest quartile to the lowest or to non-detections, there was no association with ALL for permethrin (OR Q4 vs. Q1 = 0.81; 95% CI 0.50-1.31), carbaryl (OR Q4 vs. non-detects = 0.61, 95% CI 0.34-1.08) or chlorpyrifos (OR Q4 vs. Q1 = 0.60; 95% CI 0.36-1.00). The highest quartile of diazinon concentration was inversely associated with risk in the single pesticide model but without a monotonic exposure-response (p-trend = 0.14). After adjusting for other common insecticides, the OR was not significant (OR Q4 vs. Q1 = 0.58; 95% CI 0.33-1.05). None of the other insecticides were associated with risk. CONCLUSION Our results should be interpreted within the limitations of the case-control study design including the use of a single post-diagnosis dust sample and restriction to residentially stable participants, which may have resulted in selection bias. Although difficult to implement, additional studies with assessment of exposure to insecticide active and non-active ingredients are necessary to elucidate the role of these common exposures in childhood leukemia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Madrigal
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 9609 Medical Center Dr., Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
| | - Rena R Jones
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 9609 Medical Center Dr., Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Robert B Gunier
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), University of California, School of Public Health, 1995 University Ave., Suite 265, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA
| | - Todd P Whitehead
- University of California, School of Public Health, 1995 University Ave., Suite 460, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA
| | - Peggy Reynolds
- University of California, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 550 16th Street, 2nd Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Catherine Metayer
- University of California, School of Public Health, 1995 University Ave., Suite 460, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA
| | - Mary H Ward
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 9609 Medical Center Dr., Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
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Stayner LT, Schullehner J, Semark BD, Jensen AS, Trabjerg BB, Pedersen M, Olsen J, Hansen B, Ward MH, Jones RR, Coffman VR, Pedersen CB, Sigsgaard T. Exposure to nitrate from drinking water and the risk of childhood cancer in Denmark. Environ Int 2021; 155:106613. [PMID: 33965769 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited evidence that nitrate, a common contaminant in drinking water, increases the risk of childhood cancers. Our objective was to examine this association in Denmark. METHODS We conducted a nationwide case-control study based on all singletons liveborn to Danish-born parents from 1991 to 2015 (N = 1,219,140) that included 596 leukemias, 180 lymphomas, and 310 central nervous system cancers (CNC) who were ≤15 years of age at diagnosis and were identified from the Danish Cancer Registry. Approximately 100 controls were randomly selected and matched to each case on date of birth and sex. Nitrate measurements in public water systems were linked with an address registry to estimate individual average nitrate concentrations during preconception, prenatal, and postnatal periods. Odd ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated using conditional logistic regression controlling for the matching variables, and birth order, birthweight, urbanicity, maternal education, employment, income and smoking, and parental age. RESULTS There was no evidence of an association of nitrate with leukemia or lymphoma. An association between CNC and the highest category of nitrate exposure (>25 mg/L nitrate) was observed for preconception (OR = 1.82, 95%CI:1.09 to 3.04), prenatal (OR = 1.65, 95%CI:0.97 to 2.81), and postnatal exposure (OR = 1.48, 95%CI:0.82 to 2.68) in fully adjusted models. There was also some evidence of an exposure-response in models of continuous nitrate exposure and CNC. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide some evidence that exposure to nitrate from drinking water may increase the risk of childhood CNC cancer, but not leukemia or lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie T Stayner
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Jörg Schullehner
- Department of Groundwater and Quaternary Geology Mapping, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Dige Semark
- Department of Economics and Business Economics, National Centre for Register-Based Research (NCRR), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Betina B Trabjerg
- Department of Economics and Business Economics, National Centre for Register-Based Research (NCRR), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marie Pedersen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørn Olsen
- Aarhus University Hospital, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Hansen
- Department of Groundwater and Quaternary Geology Mapping, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mary H Ward
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Rena R Jones
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Vanessa R Coffman
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carsten B Pedersen
- Department of Economics and Business Economics, National Centre for Register-Based Research (NCRR), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Centre for Integrated Register-based Research (CIRRAU), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Xiao Q, Gierach GL, Bauer C, Blot WJ, James P, Jones RR. The Association between Outdoor Artificial Light at Night and Breast Cancer Risk in Black and White Women in the Southern Community Cohort Study. Environ Health Perspect 2021; 129:87701. [PMID: 34379524 PMCID: PMC8357036 DOI: 10.1289/ehp9381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gretchen L. Gierach
- Integrative Tumor Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Cici Bauer
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - William J. Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Peter James
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rena R. Jones
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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Buller ID, Patel DM, Weyer PJ, Prizment A, Jones RR, Ward MH. Ingestion of Nitrate and Nitrite and Risk of Stomach and Other Digestive System Cancers in the Iowa Women's Health Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:6822. [PMID: 34202037 PMCID: PMC8297261 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nitrate and nitrite are precursors in the endogenous formation of N-nitroso compounds (NOC) which are potent animal carcinogens for the organs of the digestive system. We evaluated dietary intakes of nitrate and nitrite, as well as nitrate ingestion from drinking water (public drinking water supplies (PWS)), in relation to the incidence (1986-2014) of cancers of the esophagus (n = 36), stomach (n = 84), small intestine (n = 32), liver (n = 31), gallbladder (n = 66), and bile duct (n = 58) in the Iowa Women's Health Study (42,000 women aged from 50 to 75 in 1986). Dietary nitrate and nitrite were estimated using a food frequency questionnaire and a database of nitrate and nitrite levels in foods. Historical nitrate measurements from PWS were linked to the enrollment address by duration. We used Cox regression to compute hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for exposure quartiles (Q), tertiles (T), or medians, depending on the number of cancer cases. In adjusted models, nitrite intake from processed meats was associated with an increased risk of stomach cancer (HRQ4vsQ1 = 2.2, CI: 1.2-4.3). A high intake of total dietary nitrite was inversely associated with gallbladder cancer (HRQ4vsQ1 = 0.3, CI: 0.1-0.96), driven by an inverse association with plant sources of nitrite (HRQ4vsQ1 = 0.3, CI: 0.1-0.9). Additionally, small intestine cancer was inversely associated with a high intake of animal nitrite (HRT3vsT1 = 0.2, CI: 0.1-0.7). There were no other dietary associations. Nitrate concentrations in PWS (average, years ≥ 1/2 the maximum contaminant level) were not associated with cancer incidence. Our findings for stomach cancer are consistent with prior dietary studies, and we are the first to evaluate nitrate and nitrite ingestion for certain gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian D. Buller
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; (I.D.B.); (D.M.P.); (R.R.J.)
- Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Deven M. Patel
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; (I.D.B.); (D.M.P.); (R.R.J.)
| | - Peter J. Weyer
- Center for Health Effects of Environmental Contamination, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Anna Prizment
- Masonic Cancer Center, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Rena R. Jones
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; (I.D.B.); (D.M.P.); (R.R.J.)
| | - Mary H. Ward
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; (I.D.B.); (D.M.P.); (R.R.J.)
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Medgyesi DN, Fisher JA, Flory AR, Hayes RB, Thurston GD, Liao LM, Ward MH, Silverman DT, Jones RR. Evaluation of a commercial database to estimate residence histories in the los angeles ultrafines study. Environ Res 2021; 197:110986. [PMID: 33689822 PMCID: PMC8187285 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Commercial databases can be used to identify participant addresses over time, but their quality and impact on environmental exposure assessment is uncertain. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the performance of a commercial database to find residences and estimate environmental exposures for study participants. METHODS We searched LexisNexis® for participant addresses in the Los Angeles Ultrafines Study, a prospective cohort of men and women aged 50-71 years. At enrollment (1995-1996) and follow-up (2004-2005), we evaluated attainment (address found for the corresponding time period) and match rates to survey addresses by participant characteristics. We compared geographically-referenced predictors and estimates of ultrafine particulate matter (UFP) exposure from a land use regression model using LexisNexis and survey addresses at enrollment. RESULTS LexisNexis identified an address for 69% of participants at enrollment (N = 50,320) and 95% of participants at follow-up (N = 24,432). Attainment rate at enrollment modestly differed (≥5%) by age, smoking status, education, and residential mobility between surveys. The match rate at both survey periods was high (82-86%) and similar across characteristics. When using LexisNexis versus survey addresses, correlations were high for continuous values of UFP exposure and its predictors (rho = 0.86-0.92). SIGNIFICANCE Time period and population characteristics influenced the attainment of addresses from a commercial database, but accuracy and subsequent estimation of specific air pollution exposures were high in our older study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle N Medgyesi
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
| | - Jared A Fisher
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | - Richard B Hayes
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - George D Thurston
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Linda M Liao
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mary H Ward
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Debra T Silverman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Rena R Jones
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Shearer JJ, Callahan CL, Calafat AM, Huang WY, Jones RR, Sabbisetti VS, Freedman ND, Sampson JN, Silverman DT, Purdue MP, Hofmann JN. Serum Concentrations of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Risk of Renal Cell Carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 2021; 113:580-587. [PMID: 32944748 DOI: 10.1289/isee.2020.virtual.o-sy-1758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are highly persistent chemicals that have been detected in the serum of over 98% of the US population. Studies among highly exposed individuals suggest an association with perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) exposure and kidney cancer. It remains unclear whether PFOA or other PFAS are renal carcinogens or if they influence risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) at concentrations observed in the general population. METHODS We measured prediagnostic serum concentrations of PFOA and 7 additional PFAS in 324 RCC cases and 324 individually matched controls within the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) relating serum PFAS concentrations and RCC risk. Individual PFAS were modeled continuously (log2-transformed) and categorically, with adjustment for kidney function and additional potential confounders. All statistical tests were 2-sided. RESULTS We observed a positive association with RCC risk for PFOA (doubling in serum concentration, ORcontinuous = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.23 to 2.37, P = .002) and a greater than twofold increased risk among those in the highest quartile vs the lowest (OR = 2.63, 95% CI = 1.33 to 5.20, Ptrend = .007). The association with PFOA was similar after adjustment for other PFAS (ORcontinuous = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.07 to 2.63, P = .02) and remained apparent in analyses restricted to individuals without evidence of diminished kidney function and in cases diagnosed 8 or more years after phlebotomy. CONCLUSIONS Our findings add substantially to the weight of evidence that PFOA is a renal carcinogen and may have important public health implications for the many individuals exposed to this ubiquitous and highly persistent chemical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Shearer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Catherine L Callahan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Wen-Yi Huang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rena R Jones
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Neal D Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joshua N Sampson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Debra T Silverman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark P Purdue
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan N Hofmann
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Shearer JJ, Callahan CL, Calafat AM, Huang WY, Jones RR, Sabbisetti VS, Freedman ND, Sampson JN, Silverman DT, Purdue MP, Hofmann JN. Serum Concentrations of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Risk of Renal Cell Carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 2021; 113:580-587. [PMID: 32944748 PMCID: PMC8096365 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djaa143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are highly persistent chemicals that have been detected in the serum of over 98% of the US population. Studies among highly exposed individuals suggest an association with perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) exposure and kidney cancer. It remains unclear whether PFOA or other PFAS are renal carcinogens or if they influence risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) at concentrations observed in the general population. METHODS We measured prediagnostic serum concentrations of PFOA and 7 additional PFAS in 324 RCC cases and 324 individually matched controls within the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) relating serum PFAS concentrations and RCC risk. Individual PFAS were modeled continuously (log2-transformed) and categorically, with adjustment for kidney function and additional potential confounders. All statistical tests were 2-sided. RESULTS We observed a positive association with RCC risk for PFOA (doubling in serum concentration, ORcontinuous = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.23 to 2.37, P = .002) and a greater than twofold increased risk among those in the highest quartile vs the lowest (OR = 2.63, 95% CI = 1.33 to 5.20, Ptrend = .007). The association with PFOA was similar after adjustment for other PFAS (ORcontinuous = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.07 to 2.63, P = .02) and remained apparent in analyses restricted to individuals without evidence of diminished kidney function and in cases diagnosed 8 or more years after phlebotomy. CONCLUSIONS Our findings add substantially to the weight of evidence that PFOA is a renal carcinogen and may have important public health implications for the many individuals exposed to this ubiquitous and highly persistent chemical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Shearer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Catherine L Callahan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Wen-Yi Huang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rena R Jones
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Neal D Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joshua N Sampson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Debra T Silverman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark P Purdue
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan N Hofmann
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Jones RR, Ward MH, Deziel NC, Medgyesi DN, Pronk A, Nuckols JR, Fisher JA. Residential Proximity to Dioxin-emitting Facilities and Risk of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose: Few studies have investigated the relationship between risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and residential proximity to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) emitted from industrial combustion and manufacturing sources. Methods: We evaluated this relationship among participants of the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study, a prospective cohort (N = 548,845) in 6 states and 2 cities in the U.S. We linked geocoded enrollment addresses (1995–1996) with a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency database of 4,478 historical PCDD/F sources, which contained toxic equivalency quotient (TEQ) emissions estimates from 1995. Exposure metrics indicated presence/absence of any facility within 3 and 5km of participant homes, overall and by type of facility (e.g., coal-fired power plants, waste incinerators), which vary in emissions levels and constituency. We also calculated exposure as a distance- and toxicity-weighted average emissions index (AEI [g TEQ]). We used Cox regression to estimate associations (hazard ratios; HR and 95% confidence intervals; CI) with NHL and major subtypes, adjusting for and by strata of sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics. Results: With 6,747 incident cases through 2011, we found no association between living near any or specific types of PCDD/F-emitting facilities and NHL risk. However, participants with an AEI >95th percentile within 5km had increased risk of NHL compared to unexposed (HR = 1.28; CI = 1.05–1.55; p-trend = 0.01). Specifically, we observed increased risk for lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (HR = 2.98, CI = 1.16–7.63; p-trend = 0.03) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (HR = 1.65, CI = 1.11–2.46; p-trend = 0.01). Non-Hispanic blacks were nearly three times as likely as whites to live <5 km of a facility, although we had limited power to evaluate heterogeneity in associations by race/ethnicity. Associations did not vary by age, smoking status, body mass index, or urbanicity of residence. Conclusions: Using an exposure metric accounting for distance and the toxicity of emissions, we found significant positive associations between residential exposure to high PCDD/F emissions and risk of NHL and two subtypes. Our results underscore the hazard for populations living near sources of these persistent organic pollutants.
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Buller ID, Brown DW, Myers TA, Jones RR, Machiela MJ. sparrpowR: a flexible R package to estimate statistical power to identify spatial clustering of two groups and its application. Int J Health Geogr 2021; 20:13. [PMID: 33736677 PMCID: PMC7977178 DOI: 10.1186/s12942-021-00267-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer epidemiology studies require sufficient power to assess spatial relationships between exposures and cancer incidence accurately. However, methods for power calculations of spatial statistics are complicated and underdeveloped, and therefore underutilized by investigators. The spatial relative risk function, a cluster detection technique that detects spatial clusters of point-level data for two groups (e.g., cancer cases and controls, two exposure groups), is a commonly used spatial statistic but does not have a readily available power calculation for study design. Results We developed sparrpowR as an open-source R package to estimate the statistical power of the spatial relative risk function. sparrpowR generates simulated data applying user-defined parameters (e.g., sample size, locations) to detect spatial clusters with high statistical power. We present applications of sparrpowR that perform a power calculation for a study designed to detect a spatial cluster of incident cancer in relation to a point source of numerous environmental emissions. The conducted power calculations demonstrate the functionality and utility of sparrpowR to calculate the local power for spatial cluster detection. Conclusions sparrpowR improves the current capacity of investigators to calculate the statistical power of spatial clusters, which assists in designing more efficient studies. This newly developed R package addresses a critically underdeveloped gap in cancer epidemiology by estimating statistical power for a common spatial cluster detection technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian D Buller
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA. .,Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
| | - Derek W Brown
- Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.,Integrative Tumor Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Timothy A Myers
- Laboratory of Genetic Susceptibility, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Rena R Jones
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Mitchell J Machiela
- Integrative Tumor Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
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Barry KH, Jones RR, Cantor KP, Beane Freeman LE, Wheeler DC, Baris D, Johnson AT, Hosain GM, Schwenn M, Zhang H, Sinha R, Koutros S, Karagas MR, Silverman DT, Ward MH. Ingested Nitrate and Nitrite and Bladder Cancer in Northern New England. Epidemiology 2021; 31:136-144. [PMID: 31577632 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000001112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND N-nitroso compounds are hypothesized human bladder carcinogens. We investigated ingestion of N-nitroso compound precursors nitrate and nitrite from drinking water and diet and bladder cancer in the New England Bladder Cancer Study. METHODS Using historical nitrate measurements for public water supplies and measured and modeled values for private wells, as well as self-reported water intake, we estimated average nitrate concentrations (mg/L NO3-N) and average daily nitrate intake (mg/d) from 1970 to diagnosis/reference date (987 cases and 1,180 controls). We estimated overall and source-specific dietary nitrate and nitrite intakes using a food frequency questionnaire (1,037 cases and 1,225 controls). We used unconditional logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). We evaluated interactions with factors that may affect N-nitroso compound formation (i.e., red meat, vitamin C, smoking), and with water intake. RESULTS Average drinking water nitrate concentration above the 95th percentile (>2.07 mg/L) compared with the lowest quartile (≤0.21 mg/L) was associated with bladder cancer (OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 0.97, 2.3; P trend = 0.01); the association was similar for average daily drinking water nitrate intake. We observed positive associations for dietary nitrate and nitrite intakes from processed meat (highest versus lowest quintile OR for nitrate = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.0, 2.0; P trend = 0.04; OR for nitrite = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.0, 2.1; P trend = 0.04, respectively), but not other dietary sources. We observed positive interactions between drinking water nitrate and red meat (P-interaction 0.05) and processed red meat (0.07). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest the importance of both drinking water and dietary nitrate sources as risk factors for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Hughes Barry
- From the Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD.,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and Program in Oncology, University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Rena R Jones
- From the Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Kenneth P Cantor
- From the Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Laura E Beane Freeman
- From the Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - David C Wheeler
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Dalsu Baris
- From the Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - G Monawar Hosain
- Bureau of Public Health Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health and Human Services, Concord, NH
| | | | - Han Zhang
- Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Rashmi Sinha
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Stella Koutros
- From the Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Margaret R Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
| | - Debra T Silverman
- From the Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Mary H Ward
- From the Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
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50
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Xiao Q, Jones RR, James P, Stolzenberg-Solomon RZ. Light at Night and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. Cancer Res 2021; 81:1616-1622. [PMID: 33514513 PMCID: PMC8693799 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Circadian disruption may play a role in carcinogenesis. Recent research suggests that light at night (LAN), a circadian disruptor, may be a risk factor for cancer. Moreover, LAN has been linked to obesity and diabetes, two risk factors for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Here we examine the relationship between LAN and PDAC in an epidemiologic study of 464,371 participants from the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. LAN was estimated from satellite imagery at baseline (1996), and incident primary PDAC cases were ascertained from state cancer registries. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate HRs and two-sided 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between quintiles of LAN and PDAC in the overall population stratified by sex. Over up to 16.2 years of follow-up, a total of 2,502 incident PDAC were identified in the cohort. Higher estimated LAN exposure was associated with an elevated PDAC risk. Compared with those living in areas in the lowest LAN quintile, those in areas in the highest quintile had a 27% increase PDAC risk [HR (95% CI), 1.24 (1.03-1.49)], with similar risk for men [1.21 (0.96-1.53)] and women [1.28 (0.94-1.75)]. In addition, stronger associations were observed in normal and overweight groups compared with the obese group (P interaction = 0.03). Our results support the hypothesis that LAN and circadian disruption may be risk factors for PDAC. SIGNIFICANCE: Our study suggests that higher LAN is a risk factor for pancreatic cancer, contributing to the growing literature that demonstrates the potentially adverse health effects of light pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.
| | - Rena R Jones
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Peter James
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
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