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Casalle N, de Barros Pinto Grifoni L, Bosco Mendes AC, Delort S, Massucato EMS. Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis with Rare Manifestation in the Nasal Mucosa and Cartilage Bone Septal. Case Rep Infect Dis 2020; 2020:8876020. [PMID: 33029438 PMCID: PMC7528117 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8876020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgroud. Leishmaniasis is an infectious disease caused by protozoan of the genus Leishmania that can affect mucosal or cutaneous surfaces. It can manifest via buccal mucosa, associated with a skin lesion or as a secondary effect. Over the last 20 years, the number of cases of this disease is progressively increasing in Brazil. Therefore, the knowledge of this disease by health professionals is important in order to achieve a correct and early diagnosis, manly to prevent the deformities it may cause to the face. Case presentation. The aim of the present study was to report a case of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis with lesions on the palatine and pharyngeal mucosa in a patient with a previous report of rare lesions in the nasal mucosa and cartilage bone septal. Conclusions. We believe that the disclosure of such cases may be important for the correct and early diagnosis of these secondary injuries that may affect the oral mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Casalle
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araraquara Dental School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Laís de Barros Pinto Grifoni
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araraquara Dental School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Bosco Mendes
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araraquara Dental School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Delort
- Dermatologist Contributor on Oral Medicine Service-UNESP, São Paulo, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Elaine Maria Sgavioli Massucato
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araraquara Dental School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo, Araraquara, Brazil
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Nadler C, Enk CD, Leon GT, Samuni Y, Maly A, Czerninski R. Diagnosis and Management of Oral Leishmaniasis—Case Series and Literature Review. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014; 72:927-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2013.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Schwartz BS, Mawhorter SD. Parasitic infections in solid organ transplantation. Am J Transplant 2013; 13 Suppl 4:280-303. [PMID: 23465021 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B S Schwartz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Ali MI, Rauf MK, Badshah A, Kumar I, Forsyth CM, Junk PC, Kedzierski L, Andrews PC. Anti-leishmanial activity of heteroleptic organometallic Sb(v) compounds. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:16733-41. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt51382c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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5
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Girbau A, Baliellas C, Castellote J, de la Banda E. [Acute hepatitis and fever]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2010; 28:556-7. [PMID: 20381209 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2009.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2009] [Revised: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 12/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Girbau
- Unidad de Hepatología, Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, España.
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6
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Kotton CN, Lattes R. Parasitic infections in solid organ transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2009; 9 Suppl 4:S234-51. [PMID: 20070685 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2009.02915.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C N Kotton
- Transplant Infectious Disease and Compromised Host Program, Infectious Diseases Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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7
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Zeiman E, Greenblatt CL, Elgavish S, Khozin-Goldberg I, Golenser J. Mode of action of fenarimol against Leishmania spp. J Parasitol 2008; 94:280-6. [PMID: 18372651 DOI: 10.1645/ge-1259.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper evaluates the effects of certain herbicides on Leishmania spp., their mechanism of action, and the evolutionary origin of the relevant susceptible leishmanial targets. We demonstrated that a relatively nontoxic herbicide, fenarimol, successfully interferes with a leishmanial target, which is probably a relic of an ancient ancestor. Fenarimol impairs the function of leishmanial 14alpha-sterol demethylase, a key enzyme in the sterol biosynthetic pathway. Therefore, fenarimol or its derivatives may be candidates for development of anti-leishmanial drugs. Of the herbicides that have the capability to act as potential inhibitors of the metabolism of Leishmania spp., fenarimol was found as the most active substance against both promastigotes and amastigotes in culture. In addition, it ameliorated lesions caused by Leishmania major in mice. Light microscopy demonstrated rounding of the parasite shape. Increase of osmophilic vacuoles and autophagosomal structures were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Biochemical studies demonstrated that fenarimol inhibited sterol biosynthesis. Docking of fenarimol to the modeled catalytic binding site of 14alpha-lanosterol demethylase of L. major showed a geometrical fit. Fenarimol is stabilized via hydrophobic interactions with the residues that surround it and interactions with the heme ring. These results provide support to the hypothesis that fenarimol inhibits leishmanial sterol biosynthesis. Overall, the findings suggest an additional source of substances for development of anti-leishmanial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einat Zeiman
- Department of Parasitology, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel 91120
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8
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Abstract
Leishmaniaare protozoan parasites spread by a sandfly insect vector and causing a spectrum of diseases collectively known as leishmaniasis. The disease is a significant health problem in many parts of the world resulting in an estimated 12 million new cases each year. Current treatment is based on chemotherapy, which is difficult to administer, expensive and becoming ineffective due to the emergence of drug resistance. Leishmaniasis is considered one of a few parasitic diseases likely to be controllable by vaccination. The relatively uncomplicated leishmanial life cycle and the fact that recovery from infection renders the host resistant to subsequent infection indicate that a successful vaccine is feasible. Extensive evidence from studies in animal models indicates that solid protection can be achieved by immunisation with protein or DNA vaccines. However, to date no such vaccine is available despite substantial efforts by many laboratories. Advances in our understanding ofLeishmaniapathogenesis and generation of host protective immunity, together with the completedLeishmaniagenome sequence open new avenues for vaccine research. The major remaining challenges are the translation of data from animal models to human disease and the transition from the laboratory to the field. This review focuses on advances in anti-leishmania vaccine development over the recent years and examines current problems hampering vaccine development and implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kedzierski
- Infection and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3050, Melbourne, Australia.
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Corrêa JR, Brazil RP, Soares MJ. Leishmania (Viannia) lainsoni (Silveira et al. 1987): ultrastructural aspects of the parasite and skin lesion in experimentally infected hamster (Mesocricetus auratus). Parasitol Res 2007; 100:1227-32. [PMID: 17206507 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-006-0395-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2006] [Accepted: 11/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Leishmania (Viannia) lainsoni was first described in 1987 in the state of Pará, in the Brazilian Amazon region. The initial characterization of this parasite was performed based only in light microscopy techniques. Posterior studies with this Leishmania species, which focused on biochemistry and molecular assays, showed its divergent position in the Leishmania genus. In this study, we characterize the ultrastructure of culture promastigote forms throughout the growth curve. Our results demonstrate a time-dependent accumulation of electron-dense deposit in the acidocalcisome matrix. We have also analyzed, by transmission electron microscopy, the chronic experimental skin lesion induced in hamster. The experimental infection assay showed adhesion of the intracellular parasites to the parasitophorous vacuole membrane and the occurrence of free vacuoles in the lesion site containing amastigote forms (the amastigote forms morphometrical data were summarized). Our morphological evidences suggest a possible alternative surviving mechanism for L. (Viannia) lainsoni in chronic lesion site.
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Affiliation(s)
- José R Corrêa
- Lab. Biologia Celular de Microrganismos, Departamento de Ultra-estrutura e Biologia Celular, Pavilhão Carlos Chagas-Térreo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Romero Maldonado N, Ojea Yáñez AM. Placa eritematosa facial persistente en una paciente anciana. Rev Clin Esp 2006; 206:38-40. [PMID: 16527046 DOI: 10.1157/13084767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
An increasing number of Southeast Asian immigrants have come to North America. Physicians who care for this population should be aware of the high prevalence of hematologic disorders and develop an approach to their diagnosis and management. Malaria and the hematologic sequelae, glucose-6-phophate dehydrogenase deficiency, the thalassemia syndromes, Southeast Asian ovalocytosis, visceral leishmaniasis, HIV infection, and iron-deficiency anemia, all of which may pertain to these patients, are reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Jeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Room S-304, Stanford, CA 94305-5208, USA.
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12
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Abstract
Arthropods are important in medicine for a multitude of reasons. Their bites and stings may induce allergic reactions, ranging from annoying to life-threatening. Many arthropod products are also capable of inciting allergic responses in sensitized persons. In recent years, bites and stings have gained greater attention owing to increased concern about disease transmission. A common hypersensitivity response to arthropod bites, stings, and products is papular urticaria. This eruption occurs primarily in children, who eventually "outgrow" this disease, probably through desensitization after multiple arthropod exposures. Papular urticaria is most often caused by fleas or bedbugs, but virtually any arthropod is capable of inducing such a reaction. Two arthropod classes of medical importance are the Arachnida (spiders, scorpions, ticks, and mites) and the Insecta (lice, fleas, bedbugs, flies, bees, and ants). Animals in these two classes are probably responsible for more morbidity and mortality worldwide than are any other group of venomous creatures. In general, the diagnosis of arthropod bites and stings is dependent on maintenance of a high index of suspicion and familiarity with the arthropod fauna not only in one's region of practice, but also in the travel regions of one's patients. Learning objective At the completion of this learning activity, participants should be familiar with the clinical manifestations caused by a variety of arthropods as well as the treatment and possible sequelae of arthropod attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Steen
- Department of Dermatology, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103-2714, USA
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Abstract
There have been many treatment modalities used for the therapy of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Although treatment need not be given for cosmetically insignificant lesions, which are often self-limited, therapy is usually indicated for larger, cosmetically significant and disfiguring lesions, and lesions which progress. This review summarizes the published evidence in support of the numerous therapeutic options that have been employed for cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Lee
- Infectious Diseases Section, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516, USA.
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Gutiérrez JA, Puentes F, Moreno A, Patarroyo ME, Murillo LA. Identification of a differentially expressed mRNA in axenic Leishmania panamensis amastigotes. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2001; 96:835-8. [PMID: 11562712 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762001000600017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Differential display technique was applied in order to identify transcripts which are present in axenic amastigotes but not in promastigotes of the Leishmania panamensis parasites. One of them was cloned and the sequence reveals an open reading frame of 364 amino acids (approximately 40 kDa). The deduced protein is homologous to the serine/threonine protein kinases and specially to the mitogen activates protein kinases from eukaryotic species. Southern blot analysis suggest that this transcript, named lpmkh, is present in the genome of the parasite as a single copy gene. These results could imply that lpmkh could be involved in the differentiation process or the preservation of amastigotes in axenic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Inmunologia, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Santafé de Bogotá, Colombia
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Plock A, Sokolowska-Köhler W, Presber W. Application of flow cytometry and microscopical methods to characterize the effect of herbal drugs on Leishmania Spp. Exp Parasitol 2001; 97:141-53. [PMID: 11312576 DOI: 10.1006/expr.2001.4598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The World Health Organization has identified leishmania sis as a major public health problem, particularly in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. About 1.5 to 2 million people are affected annually by this parasitic infection. As there is no vaccine, there is still a strong need for sufficient drugs. In a preliminary screening, extracts of 50 different plants were evaluated for their possible leishmanicidal activity against the promastigote form of Leishmania mexicana amazonensis. Eighteen extracts showed at least 50% inhibition at 100 microg/ml. The ethanolic extract from Yucca filamentosa L. showed the strongest leishmanicidal activity (100% inhibition at 5 microg/ml). The bioactivity-guided fractionation of this extract led to the isolation of three main components (Yuccasaponins MC 1--3). In further experiments, the effect of Yuccasaponin MC 3 on the promastigote form of L. mexicana amazonensis was quantified and characterized using flow cytometry and specific fluorescent dyes [propidium iodide, Syto 9, and DiBAC(4)(3)]. The data revealed that the membrane of the promastigote is attacked. The effect of Yuccasaponin MC 3 on intracellular forms (amastigote) was also characterized; green fluorescent protein-transfected Leishmania major were used. By this method, an inhibition of intracellular growth of L. major was demonstrated. This paper shows that, together, flow cytometry and microscopy are quick, sensitive, and easily reproducible methods to describe the effects of drugs on parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Plock
- Institute of Pharmacy, Humboldt University Berlin, Goethestr. 54, 13086 Berlin, Germany
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17
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Abstract
The cutaneous manifestations of thirteen unusual infections and parasitic diseases are described. Their geographic distribution, morphologic features of the causative organism, histopathologic changes, criteria for diagnosis, and treatment are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Lemons-Estes
- Parasitic Diseases Pathology Branch, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC, USA
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Wortmann GW, Aronson NE, Byrd JC, Grever MR, Oster CN. Herpes zoster and lymphopenia associated with sodium stibogluconate therapy for cutaneous leishmaniasis. Clin Infect Dis 1998; 27:509-12. [PMID: 9770149 DOI: 10.1086/514689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A review of 84 patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis treated with sodium stibogluconate (Pentostam) at our institution revealed that three had developed herpes zoster during or shortly after receiving therapy. Because zoster has been associated with depressed cellular immunity, we prospectively followed serial lymphocyte subpopulations in eight patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis who received Pentostam. By day 7 of therapy, the white blood cell count had fallen by a median of 1.15/mm3, the total lymphocyte count by a median of 804/mm3, and the CD4+ lymphocyte count by a median of 306/mm3 (67% of baseline; confidence interval, 52%-78%). An in vitro cell-viability assay demonstrated that Pentostam is not toxic to human mononuclear cells. The administration of Pentostam for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis results in lymphopenia that may be related to the subsequent occurrence of herpes zoster.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Wortmann
- Infectious Disease Service, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, D.C. 20307-5001, USA
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di Martino L, Davidson RN, Giacchino R, Scotti S, Raimondi F, Castagnola E, Tasso L, Cascio A, Gradoni L, Gramiccia M, Pettoello-Mantovani M, Bryceson AD. Treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in children with liposomal amphotericin B. J Pediatr 1997; 131:271-7. [PMID: 9290615 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3476(97)70165-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We used liposomal amphotericin B as first-choice treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in 106 immunocompetent children who acquired the infection in a temperate region of southern Europe (Italy) where Leishmania infantum visceral leishmaniasis is endemic. The aim of the study was to identify the minimum total dose of liposomal amphotericin B needed to cure the infection in children and reduce the period of hospitalization. We conclude that the optimal regimen in immunocompetent children with L. infantum visceral leishmaniasis to be a total dose of 18 mg/kg of liposomal amphotericin B (3 mg/kg per day for 5 days, followed by 3 mg/kg administered as an outpatient regimen on day 10).
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Affiliation(s)
- L di Martino
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute Giannina Gashni, Genoa, Italy
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Abstract
Travel-associated dermatoses are among the six most frequent medical problems encountered by international travelers. Skin disorders caused by parasites previously confined to the tropics are seen with increasing frequency by physicians in nonendemic areas. Cutaneous manifestations may provide important clues to the underlying infection. This article describes the epidemiology, assessment, and management of important parasitoses with cutaneous involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- N G Tornieporth
- Department of International Medicine and Public Health, University of Munich, Germany
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Mahanty S. Febrile illness caused by parasites. Pediatr Ann 1994; 23:398-404. [PMID: 7808814 DOI: 10.3928/0090-4481-19940801-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Febrile patients in whom a parasitic etiology is suspected can be classified broadly into two categories for the purpose of diagnostic evaluation based on the presence or absence of accompanying eosinophilia. Generally, the absence of eosinophilia indicates a protozoan etiology while the presence of eosinophilia is associated with tissue-invasive helminthic infections. The history and physical examination often points to a specific diagnosis that can be confirmed by appropriate laboratory tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mahanty
- Clinical Parasitology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 26-1994. A 20-year-old Philippine woman with a soft-tissue mass in the forearm. N Engl J Med 1994; 330:1887-93. [PMID: 8196733 DOI: 10.1056/nejm199406303302610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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