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Ivanov VE, Chernikov AV, Gudkov SV, Bruskov VI. The Formation of Long-Lived Reactive Protein Species in Heat-Treated Solutions of Gelatin and Casein. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350918050093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Ivanov VE, Usacheva AM, Chernikov AV, Bruskov VI, Gudkov SV. Formation of long-lived reactive species of blood serum proteins induced by low-intensity irradiation of helium-neon laser and their involvement in the generation of reactive oxygen species. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 176:36-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Frenzilli G, Ryskalin L, Ferrucci M, Cantafora E, Chelazzi S, Giorgi FS, Lenzi P, Scarcelli V, Frati A, Biagioni F, Gambardella S, Falleni A, Fornai F. Loud Noise Exposure Produces DNA, Neurotransmitter and Morphological Damage within Specific Brain Areas. Front Neuroanat 2017; 11:49. [PMID: 28694773 PMCID: PMC5483448 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2017.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to loud noise is a major environmental threat to public health. Loud noise exposure, apart from affecting the inner ear, is deleterious for cardiovascular, endocrine and nervous systems and it is associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. In this study we investigated DNA, neurotransmitters and immune-histochemical alterations induced by exposure to loud noise in three major brain areas (cerebellum, hippocampus, striatum) of Wistar rats. Rats were exposed to loud noise (100 dBA) for 12 h. The effects of noise on DNA integrity in all three brain areas were evaluated by using Comet assay. In parallel studies, brain monoamine levels and morphology of nigrostriatal pathways, hippocampus and cerebellum were analyzed at different time intervals (24 h and 7 days) after noise exposure. Loud noise produced a sudden increase in DNA damage in all the brain areas under investigation. Monoamine levels detected at 7 days following exposure were differently affected depending on the specific brain area. Namely, striatal but not hippocampal dopamine (DA) significantly decreased, whereas hippocampal and cerebellar noradrenaline (NA) was significantly reduced. This is in line with pathological findings within striatum and hippocampus consisting of a decrease in striatal tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) combined with increased Bax and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Loud noise exposure lasting 12 h causes immediate DNA, and long-lasting neurotransmitter and immune-histochemical alterations within specific brain areas of the rat. These alterations may suggest an anatomical and functional link to explain the neurobiology of diseases which prevail in human subjects exposed to environmental noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Frenzilli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of PisaPisa, Italy
| | - Larisa Ryskalin
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of PisaPisa, Italy
| | - Michela Ferrucci
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of PisaPisa, Italy
| | - Emanuela Cantafora
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of PisaPisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Chelazzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of PisaPisa, Italy
| | - Filippo S Giorgi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of PisaPisa, Italy
| | - Paola Lenzi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of PisaPisa, Italy
| | - Vittoria Scarcelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of PisaPisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Frati
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico IRCCS NeuromedIsernia, Italy
| | - Francesca Biagioni
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico IRCCS NeuromedIsernia, Italy
| | - Stefano Gambardella
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico IRCCS NeuromedIsernia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Falleni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of PisaPisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Fornai
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of PisaPisa, Italy.,Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico IRCCS NeuromedIsernia, Italy
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Ebrahim R, Liang JB, Jahromi MF, Shokryazdan P, Ebrahimi M, Li Chen W, Goh YM. Effects of Tannic Acid on Performance and Fatty Acid Composition of Breast Muscle in Broiler Chickens Under Heat Stress. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2015.3956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Bruskov VI, Popova NR, Ivanov VE, Karp OE, Chernikov AV, Gudkov SV. Formation of long-lived reactive species of blood serum proteins by the action of heat. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 443:957-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.12.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kulakova KV, Sherbatyuk TG, Davidenko DV, Klintsova ES, Makusheva MA. Dynamics of oxidative modification of proteins and specific structural features of blood plasma from animals with Pliss lymphosarcoma. Bull Exp Biol Med 2013; 154:778-80. [PMID: 23658922 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-013-2054-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The growth of Pliss lymphosarcoma in experimental animals was followed by accumulation oxidative protein modification products and structural simplification of blood plasma facies pattern in the central and peripheral zones. A correlation was found between the tumor volume, blood content of aldehyde and ketone dinitrophenylhydrazones, and structural characteristics of the peripheral and central facies zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Kulakova
- Group of Pathomorphology and Electron Microscopy, Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation, Russia.
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Bouki E, Dimitriadis VK, Kaloyianni M, Dailianis S. Antioxidant and pro-oxidant challenge of tannic acid in mussel hemocytes exposed to cadmium. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2013; 85:13-20. [PMID: 23375356 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates the antioxidant and pro-oxidant behavior of tannic acid (TA) in hemocytes of mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, in the presence or the absence of cadmium (Cd). TA at concentrations up to 20 μM, primarily found to be no toxic (in terms of cell viability, superoxide anions, nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation products currently estimated), significantly diminished the cytotoxic and oxidative effects induced by the metal (50 and/or 100 μM) in all cases. On the other hand, higher concentrations of TA (40 and 60 μM) were toxic, thus enhancing Cd-mediated cytotoxic and oxidative effects. The present study showed TA beneficiary properties in hemocytes of mussels, at least at low concentrations, while TA at concentrations higher than 20 μM could serve as an excellent oxidized substrate, thus enhancing toxic effects either alone or with the presence of micromolar concentrations of non transition metals, such as Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evdokia Bouki
- Department of Biology, Section of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Patras, GR-26500 Patras, Greece
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Bruskov VI, Karp OE, Garmash SA, Shtarkman IN, Chernikov AV, Gudkov SV. Prolongation of oxidative stress by long-lived reactive protein species induced by X-ray radiation and their genotoxic action. Free Radic Res 2012; 46:1280-90. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2012.709316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Turkez H, Geyikoglu F, Mokhtar YI, Togar B. Eicosapentaenoic acid protects against 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced hepatic toxicity in cultured rat hepatocytes. Cytotechnology 2011; 64:15-25. [PMID: 21938470 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-011-9386-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a persistent and ubiquitous environmental contaminant. The health impact of TCDD exposure is of great concern to the general public. Recent reports have implied that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) might be a potential chemopreventive agent and influence hepatotoxicity. The aim of the current study was to explore the effectiveness of EPA in alleviating the toxicity of TCDD on primary cultured rat hepatocytes. EPA (5, 10 and 20 μM) was added to cultures alone or simultaneously with TCDD (5 and 10 μM). Rat hepatocytes were treated with TCDD and EPA for 48 h, and then cytotoxicity was detected by [3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, while total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative stress (TOS) levels were determined to evaluate the oxidative injury. The DNA damage was also analyzed by liver micronucleus assay (LMN) and 8-oxo-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG). The results of MTT and LDH assays showed that TCDD but not EPA decreased cell viability. TCDD also increased TOS level and significantly decreased TAC level in rat hepatocytes in a clear dose dependent manner. On the basis of increasing doses, the dioxin caused significant increases of micronucleated hepatocytes (MNHEPs) and 8-OH-dG as compared to control culture. Whereas, in cultures treated with EPA alone, TOS level did not change and the level of TAC significantly increased. The presence of EPA with TCDD minimized the toxic effects of the dioxin on primary hepatocytes cultures. Noteworthy, EPA has a protective effect against TCDD-mediated DNA damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Turkez
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
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Joongpoongtang 05 (JP05) confers neuroprotection via anti-apoptotic activities in Neuro-2a cells during oxygen–glucose deprivation and reperfusion. Toxicol In Vitro 2011; 25:177-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2010.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Revised: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Bussolaro D, Filipak Neto F, Oliveira Ribeiro C. Responses of hepatocytes to DDT and methyl mercury exposure. Toxicol In Vitro 2010; 24:1491-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2010.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Revised: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Brun E, Duchambon P, Blouquit Y, Keller G, Sanche L, Sicard-Roselli C. Gold nanoparticles enhance the X-ray-induced degradation of human centrin 2 protein. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2008.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kowalczyk A, Serafin E, Puchała M. Inactivation of chosen dehydrogenases by the products of water radiolysis and secondary albumin and haemoglobin radicals. Int J Radiat Biol 2008; 84:15-22. [PMID: 17852555 DOI: 10.1080/09553000701616056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Inactivation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) by products of water radiolysis and by secondary radicals localized on haemoglobin (Hb) and human albumin (HSA) was studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aqueous solutions of ADH, GAPDH and LDH were irradiated under air and under nitrous oxide (N2O) in the absence and in the presence of Hb or HSA. In order to determine the effectiveness of inactivation of the enzymes by radicals localized on Hb and HSA, the inactivation efficiency determined experimentally was compared with that calculated under assumption that only hydroxyl radicals are responsible for the enzyme inactivation. RESULTS In the absence of other proteins, under air, GAPDH showed the highest radiation sensitivity, followed by ADH and LDH. The sequence was reverse under anaerobic atmosphere. Oxygen increased considerably the inactivation of GAPDH and ADH. Secondary albumin and haemoglobin radicals brought about considerable inactivation of GAPGH and ADH. Albumin radicals (HSA) generated under N2O inactivated GAPDH and ADH more effectively than haemoglobin radicals (Hb). Under air, however, inactivation of GAPDH and ADH by haemoglobin peroxyl radicals was higher than by albumin peroxyl radicals. LDH was resistant to inactivation by haemoglobin and albumin radicals, and peroxides of these proteins. CONCLUSIONS In the light of these results and literature data, the observed differences in the effectiveness of inactivation of the dehydrogenases studied by secondary protein radicals depend on the amino acid residues present at the active site and in its close neighborhood and on the number of amino acid residues available on the protein surface.
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Decreased hepatosplanchnic antioxidant uptake during hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion in patients undergoing liver resection. Clin Sci (Lond) 2008; 114:553-60. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20070317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress mediates cell injury during ischaemia/reperfusion. On the other hand, experimental findings suggest that ROS (reactive oxygen species) induce processes leading to ischaemic preconditioning. The extent and source of oxidative stress and its effect on antioxidant status in the human liver during intermittent ischaemia and reperfusion remains ill-defined. Therefore the aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of oxidative stress in humans undergoing liver resection. Liver biopsies, and arterial and hepatic venous blood samples were taken from ten patients undergoing hepatectomy with an intermittent Pringle manoeuvre. Plasma MDA (malondialdehyde) and hepatic GSSG levels were measured as markers of oxidative stress and plasma uric acid as a marker of xanthine oxidase activity. In addition, changes in hepatosplanchnic consumption of plasma antioxidants and hepatic levels of carotenoids and glutathione (GSH) were measured. After ischaemia, hepatosplanchnic release of MDA and increased hepatic GSSG levels were found. This was accompanied by the release of uric acid, reflecting xanthine oxidase activity. During reperfusion, ongoing oxidative stress was observed by further increases in hepatic GSSG content and hepatosplanchnic MDA release. Uric acid release was minimal during reperfusion. A gradual decrease in plasma antioxidant capacity and net hepatosplanchnic antioxidant uptake was observed upon prolonged cumulative ischaemia. Oxidative stress occurs during hepatic ischaemia in man mainly due to xanthine oxidase activity. Interestingly, the gradual decline in plasma antioxidant capacity and net hepatosplanchnic antioxidant uptake during prolonged cumulative ischaemia, preserved both hydrophilic and lipophilic hepatic antioxidant levels. Decreasing plasma levels and net hepatosplanchnic uptake of plasma antioxidants may warrant antioxidant supplementation, although it should be clarified to what extent limitation of oxidative stress compromises ROS-dependent pathways of ischaemic preconditioning.
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Frenzilli G, Ferrucci M, Giorgi FS, Blandini F, Nigro M, Ruggieri S, Murri L, Paparelli A, Fornai F. DNA fragmentation and oxidative stress in the hippocampal formation: a bridge between 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy) intake and long-lasting behavioral alterations. Behav Pharmacol 2007; 18:471-81. [PMID: 17762515 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0b013e3282d518aa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Intake of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) in humans leads to marked behavioral alterations. In a recent paper, we demonstrated that chronic MDMA intake produces a latent hippocampal hyperexcitability that parallels a reduced threshold for limbic seizures and a slowing of electroencephalographic activity. These phenomena suggest an alteration in hippocampal function. So far, only a few studies have focused on the hippocampal formation as a potential target for the effects induced by MDMA. In this study we sought to evaluate whether the intrinsic cells of the hippocampus might be modified chronically by ecstasy intake. In particular, we examined whether administration of MDMA, at doses producing hippocampal hyperexcitability also produces rearrangements of DNA strands measured by the comet assay. We found that MDMA, at very low doses, comparable with those self-administered by humans, produces acute oxidative stress and DNA single and double-strand breaks, which persist together with long-lasting metabolic changes in the hippocampal formation. These persisting effects are accompanied by behavioral sensitization, reduced seizure threshold and long-lasting slowing of electroencephalographic activity, and hyperexcitability of the hippocampus, without affecting the basal ganglia. The present data indicate that the intake of very low doses of MDMA, comparable to those consumed by humans, produces selective hippocampal alterations which may underlie cognitive impairment and seizure susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Frenzilli
- Department of Human Morphology and Applied Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Honmo S, Ozaki A, Yamamoto M, Hashimoto N, Miyakoshi M, Tanaka H, Yoshie M, Tamakawa S, Tokusashi Y, Yaginuma Y, Kasai S, Ogawa K. Low p38 MAPK and JNK activation in cultured hepatocytes of DRH rats; a strain highly resistant to hepatocarcinogenesis. Mol Carcinog 2007; 46:758-65. [PMID: 17546627 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
DRH rats are a hepatocarcinogenesis-resistant strain isolated from hepatocarcinogenesis-sensitive Donryu rats, and the liver of DRH shows less histological damage and fewer/smaller neoplastic hepatic lesions by the treatment with hepatocarcinogens. To investigate the mechanism of the resistance, the properties of hepatocytes of DRH and Donryu were compared. In primary culture, DRH hepatocytes exhibited higher proliferation and less apoptosis than Donryu hepatocytes in the presence of EGF and insulin. However, such difference was not correlated to the degree of DNA damage associated with cell culture or cell cycle checkpoint function. Although the mitogen-activated protein kinases [EGF receptor (EGFR) and extracellular signal regulating kinases (ERK1/2)] were activated to the same degree, the stress-activated protein kinases [p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38) and c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)] were activated to a lesser degree in the DRH hepatocytes. Treatment with 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) in vivo also resulted in less JNK and p38 activation in the DRH livers. Furthermore, apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) was inhibited by the lysate from the DRH but not by the Donryu hepatocytes. The low activation of the stress-activated protein kinases may be linked to the resistance to cellular stress, which may underlie the hepatocarcinogenesis-resistance in DRH rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Honmo
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical College, East, Midorigaoka, Asahikawa, Japan
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Abstract
Current studies provide evidence that proteins are initial targets of ROS (reactive oxygen species) in biological systems and that the damaged proteins can in turn damage other cell constituents. This study was designed to test the possibility that protein radicals generated by ROS can oxidize GSH and assess the probability of this reaction in vivo by measurement of the rate constant of this reaction. Lysozyme radicals were generated by hydroxyl and azide radicals in steady-state gamma ray radiolysis. In the absence of dioxygen, a range of protein carbon-centred amino acid radicals were produced by the hydroxyl radicals, and defined tryptophan radicals by the azide radicals. In the presence of dioxygen, each carbon-centred radical was converted to a protein peroxyl radical. Each of the peroxyl radicals was able to oxidize a molecule of GSH, regardless of its location in the protein. The peroxyl radicals were 10 and 20 times more effective GSH oxidants than the carbon-centred radicals produced randomly in the lysozyme, or the defined tryptophan lysozyme radicals respectively. We obtained for the first time the rate constant of reaction between a protein free-radical and GSH. Lysozyme tryptophan carbon radicals generated by nanosecond pulse radiolysis and flash photolysis oxidized GSH with a rate constant of (1.05+/-0.05)x10(5) M(-1) x s(-1). Overall, the results are consistent with the hypothesis that protein radicals may be important intermediates in the pathway linking oxidative stress and damage in living organisms and emphasize the strongly enhancing role of dioxygen in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Nauser
- *Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Willem H. Koppenol
- *Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Janusz M. Gebicki
- †Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
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Łabieniec M, Gabryelak T. Oxidatively modified proteins and DNA in digestive gland cells of the fresh-water mussel Unio tumidus in the presence of tannic acid and its derivatives. Mutat Res 2006; 603:48-55. [PMID: 16387525 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2005.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2005] [Revised: 10/05/2005] [Accepted: 10/27/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The oxidative effect of tannic acid and its two derivatives (ellagic and gallic acid), naturally occurring plant polyphenols, has been studied on digestive gland cells of the fresh-water mussel Unio tumidus. A spectrophotometric method was used to determine the protein thiol groups after incubation of the cells with the polyphenols at concentrations of 1, 15 and 60 microM. The results showed that the oxidative modification of proteins increased in a concentration-dependent manner but no changes were observed at the concentration of 1 microM. The comet assay (single-cell gel electrophoresis assay) with the formamido-pyrimidine glycosylase (FPG) protein was used to assess oxidative DNA base damage. The cells were treated with polyphenols at the concentrations of 30 and 60 microM and post-incubated with FPG. FPG strongly enhanced DNA damage induced by the polyphenols, indicating that N-7 guanine oxidation is responsible for the observed effect. Using the comet assay in combination with proteinase K we were able to demonstrate the presence of DNA-protein cross-links as the probable cause of the decrease in DNA migration. After treatment of the cells with tannic acid and its metabolites at concentrations of 120, 180 and 240 microM, they were post-incubated with proteinase K. After this treatment an increased DNA migration was observed, indicating the presence of DNA-protein cross-links. We have also used a fluorescence method with Hoechst 33258/propidium iodide DNA-binding dyes to study the extent of DNA fragmentation after exposure of the cells to polyphenols at concentrations of 1, 5 and 60 microM. The results demonstrate that the polyphenols can induce apoptosis and necrosis at higher concentrations (5 and 60 microM). All experimental data suggest that tannic, ellagic and gallic acids at concentrations above 1 microM are able to interact with proteins and DNA, which leads to their degradation or changes in their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Łabieniec
- Institute of Biophysics, Department of General Biophysics, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha St., Lodz 90-237, Poland
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Imamura E, Yamamoto M, Miyakoshi M, Honmo S, Ozaki A, Yoshie M, Tamakawa S, Yaginuma Y, Kasai S, Ogawa K. Different growth capacity between infant and adult mouse hepatocytes in vitro correlates to the cyclin D1 level without relation to oxidative DNA damage. Liver Int 2005; 25:1036-43. [PMID: 16162164 DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2005.1125.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proliferating capacity of hepatocytes is rapidly decreased during growth into maturity, but its exact reason(s) are not well known. METHODS Hepatocytes isolated from infant (10-14 days old) and adult (10-13 months old) B6C3F1 mice were cultivated in the medium containing epidermal growth factor and insulin. Proliferative capacity, apoptosis, morphological changes, cell cycle proteins and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were compared between the two hepatocyte populations. RESULTS Although adult hepatocytes rapidly underwent cellular crisis characterized by extended morphology and multiple nuclei without proliferation, infant hepatocytes could proliferate with less crisis. Cyclin D1 was much more abundant in the infant than adult cells, but there was no difference according to the expression of cdk4, cdk2, cyclin E and cdk inhibitors (p16(Ink4) (p16), p21(Cip1/Waf1) (p21) and p27(Kip1) (p27)). 8-OHdG became high soon after cultivation, while it rapidly went down after day 2 both in the infant and adult cells. CONCLUSIONS The high growth capacity of infant hepatocytes in vitro was dependent on the cyclin D1 level, but there was no relation to 8-OHdG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Imamura
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical College, 2-1-1-1 East Midorigaoka, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
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Labieniec M, Gabryelak T. Measurement of DNA damage and protein oxidation after the incubation of B14 Chinese hamster cells with chosen polyphenols. Toxicol Lett 2005; 155:15-25. [PMID: 15585355 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2004] [Revised: 06/15/2004] [Accepted: 06/28/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The spectrophotometric method with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) and the alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) were used to assess the possibility of three polyphenolic compounds (tannic, ellagic and gallic acid) to induce the changes in proteins and DNA. B14 Chinese hamster cells were exposed to various concentrations of used polyphenols (1-60 microM), hydrogen peroxide (10 and 40 microM) copper ions (50 microM), and the effect of phenols alone and in combination with Cu2+ ions and H2O2 was determined. The results reveal that polyphenolic acids in higher concentrations than 1 microM contribute to the changes in the tested molecules and cause protein and DNA damage. The combined treatment of polyphenols with Cu2+ ions and with H2O2 demonstrates that the lowest dose of phenols (1 microM) can act as an antioxidant agent against used chemicals. The DNA repair process was also studied. The data obtained in this experiment demonstrate that the most effective DNA repair occurs 1h after the removal of phenolic compounds. The used methods and obtained results provide additional information about the potential use of these phenols not only as antioxidants but also as pro-oxidants in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Labieniec
- Institute of Biophysics, Department of General Biophysics, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, Lodz 90-237, Poland
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Frenzilli G, Lenzi P, Scarcelli V, Fornai F, Pellegrini A, Soldani P, Paparelli A, Nigro M. Effects of loud noise exposure on DNA integrity in rat adrenal gland. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2004; 112:1671-2. [PMID: 15579411 PMCID: PMC1253657 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.7249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2004] [Accepted: 09/22/2004] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Loud noise is generally considered an environmental stressor causing negative effects on acoustic, cardiovascular, nervous, and endocrine systems. In this study, we investigated the effects of noise exposure on DNA integrity in rat adrenal gland evaluated by the comet assay. The exposure to loud noise (100 dBA) for 12 hr caused a significant increase of DNA damage in the adrenal gland. Genetic alterations did not decrease 24 hr after the cessation of the stimulus. We hypothesize that an imbalance of redox cell status is responsible for the induction and persistence of noise-induced cellular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Frenzilli
- Dipartimento di Morfologia Umana e Biologia Applicata, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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22
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Labieniec M, Gabryelak T. Response of DNA, proteins and membrane bilayer in the digestive gland cells of freshwater mussel Unio tumidus to tannins exposure. Toxicol In Vitro 2004; 18:773-81. [PMID: 15465642 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2004.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2003] [Accepted: 03/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of digestive gland cells (Unio tumidus) in in vitro study to tannins (tannic, ellagic and gallic acid) caused changes in three types of cellular macromolecules, i.e. lipids, proteins and DNA. Two fluorescence probes: TMA-DPH and 12-AS were used to assess the membrane fluidity after incubating cells with different concentrations of tannins (1-60 microM). It was noticed that tannins increased the fluidity in the internal region of the lipid bilayer, but no changes at the surface of the plasma membrane were observed. The number of protein-bound carbonyl groups was quantitated spectrophotometrically using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) assay. Oxidative modification of proteins increased in the cells exposed to tannins in a concentration-dependent manner. Results also showed an increase in carbonyl groups formation after exposing the cells to complex: tannin-Cu(2+) ions. We also investigated the effect of tannins on the level of nuclear DNA damage using the comet assay. We showed that these compounds at 15, 30 and 60 microM induced DNA damage. At these concentrations cell viability measured by trypan blue exclusion assay was not reduced by more than 30%. We also added Cu(2+) ions at 50 microM to assess the influence of the complex tannin-Cu(2+) on DNA lesions. The same method was used to study the possibility to repair this damage in DNA. Experimental data showed that tested polyphenolic acids do not contribute to the induction of strand breaks in nucleic acid at the smallest dose--1 microM and in this range they have a protective effect against the activity of 50 microM Cu(2+) ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Labieniec
- Department of General Biophysics, University of Lodz, Banacha 1216, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
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23
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Du J, Gebicki JM. Proteins are major initial cell targets of hydroxyl free radicals. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2004; 36:2334-43. [PMID: 15313477 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2004] [Accepted: 05/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The principal aim of the current study was to identify the initial cell targets of hydroxyl free radicals. Our recent report showed that proteins were oxidized before lipids in U937 cells exposed to peroxyl radicals. Extending this finding, we investigated whether a similar oxidation sequence occurs in other lines of cells, whether hydroxyl radicals can also initiate cell protein oxidation, and whether DNA fragmentation is an early event in radical-induced cell damage. Mouse myeloma Sp2/0-Ag14 and U937 cells were exposed to hydroxyl radicals generated in solution by gamma irradiation and the formation of protein peroxides measured by a ferric-xylenol orange assay. No lipid peroxidation or DNA damage was evident by the time of significant formation of protein peroxides. DNA fragmentation was detectable after prolonged incubation at 37 degrees C and was characteristic of enzymatic action rather than of random scission by the radicals. Yields of protein hydroperoxides in the irradiated cells were independent of composition of the medium, suggesting that only the radicals produced within the cells or immediately near the cell surface were effective in oxidizing the cell proteins. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that proteins are major initial targets of free radicals in cells and suggest that treatments leading to the prevention of protein oxidation or to harmless reduction of protein peroxides is likely to result in alleviation of radical-induced biological damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
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24
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Regoli F, Frenzilli G, Bocchetti R, Annarumma F, Scarcelli V, Fattorini D, Nigro M. Time-course variations of oxyradical metabolism, DNA integrity and lysosomal stability in mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis, during a field translocation experiment. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2004; 68:167-178. [PMID: 15145226 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2004.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2003] [Revised: 03/08/2004] [Accepted: 03/10/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Harbours can be considered as model environments for developing and validating field monitoring procedures and to investigate mechanistic relationships between different biological responses. In this study, several biomarkers were investigated in marine mussels caged for 4 weeks into an industrialised harbour of north-west Italy. Organisms were collected at different time intervals to better characterise the sensitivity, temporal variations and interactions of analysed responses. Besides single antioxidants (catalase, glutathione S-transferases, glutathione reductase, total glutathione), the total oxyradical scavenging capacity (TOSC) assay was used to analyse the capability of the whole antioxidant system to neutralise specific forms of radicals: these data were further integrated by measurement of DNA integrity, oxidised bases and the impairment of lysosomal membrane stability in haemocytes. Results showed a biphasic trend for single antioxidants and TOSC, with no variation or increase during the first 2 weeks of exposure to the polluted site followed by a progressive decrease up to a severe depletion in the final part of the experiment. These findings suggest an initial counteractive response of mussels toward the enhanced prooxidant challenge, while antioxidants appeared overwhelmed at longer exposure periods. The hypothesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated toxicity is supported by the appearance of cell damages (DNA integrity and lysosome membrane stability), which exhibited a progressive enhancement during the course of the experiment with a maximum impairment after 30 days of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Regoli
- Istituto di Biologia e Genetica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Ranieri Monte d'Ago, 60100 Ancona, Italy.
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25
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Ojetti V, Di Campli C, Mutignani M, Migneco A, Tridente A, Silveri NG, Gasbarrini G, Gasbarrini A. Real time endoscopic imaging of oxyradical generation in pig stomach during ischemia-reperfusion. Dig Liver Dis 2003; 35:309-13. [PMID: 12846402 DOI: 10.1016/s1590-8658(03)00073-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxygen-free radicals generation is considered to be a major cause of gastric injury during reperfusion. Chemiluminescence has been used to assess real-time free radical release on the surface of isolated organs. AIMS To evaluate the combined use of chemiluminescence and gastroendoscopy techniques and to assess the real-time production of free radicals during ischemic damage of the gastric wall in an animal model. PATIENTS AND METHODS For the experiment, an optical junction was set up between a fibroendoscope and a luminograph apparatus. Three pigs were submitted to gastrofibroendoscopy before, during and after 30 min of clamping of the coeliac artery. Under basal conditions, at the end of the ischemic phase and at the beginning of reperfusion, 1 mM of lucigenin, a specific superoxide enhancer, was injected in the left gastric artery of the animal. The endoscopic live images and chemiluminescence emission were recorded and successively superimposed to measure rate and spatial distribution of photon emission (photons/s). RESULTS Free radical production was not observed under basal conditions or during the ischemic phase, but significantly increased during reperfusion reaching a maximum peak after 15 min (0.6+/-0.2 photons x 10(5)/s) and decreased progressively thereafter. The superimposition of live and chemiluminescence images allowed the determination of the regional production rate and distribution of photons. CONCLUSIONS Preliminary observations, in an animal model, on an innovative imaging system which allows the visualization of rate and spatial distribution of reactive oxygen species formation are presented. This new endoscopic technique could be useful for the assessment of oxidative gastric mucosal injury in several gastric diseases; however, further studies remain necessary to determine the applicability of this technique in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Ojetti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
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26
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Ferraris M, Radice S, Catalani P, Francolini M, Marabini L, Chiesara E. Early oxidative damage in primary cultured trout hepatocytes: a time course study. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2002; 59:283-296. [PMID: 12127742 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-445x(02)00007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the two-step hepatocyte isolation procedure on primary cultured trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatocytes over time. We characterised the possible changes of a variety of some cellular parameters within the first 24-48 h after seeding. We followed the time dependent changes of these parameters during subsequent culture times in order to see if the cells maintained a differentiated status. Scanning electron microscopy revealed bleb formation and 20% cell damage in freshly isolated hepatocytes. During subsequent culture times the bleb dimension appear to be reduced. Heat shock proteins 70 and 50 (HSP70, HSP50) were induced by hepatocyte isolation. During the first 4 h of culture, the hepatocytes showed a variation in mitochondrial activity, an increase in free radical species (ROS), and a decrease in both glutathione (GSH) content and catalase (CAT) activity; the generation of free radicals led to an increase in the formation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in the DNA. The cells showed detectable ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity after 4 h of culture, which had rapidly increased by the 24th hour. After 24 h, mitochondrial and CAT activity, free radical production, and the content of GSH and 8-OHdG returned to their original levels. P450 activity was retained for at least 48 h after seeding. Our data show that trout hepatocytes suffer significant cell injury as a result of the isolation procedure, but primary cultured cells metabolically recover from this stress after a few hours: they are capable of repairing their damaged surfaces, recovering their antioxidant defences and retaining their ability to repair DNA. Our results also confirm that trout hepatocytes in a primary culture maintain their in vivo-like metabolic activities for 3-8 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Ferraris
- Department of Pharmacology, Chemotherapy and Medical Toxicology E. Trabucchi, University of Milan, Via Vanvitelli 32, Milan, Italy.
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Borrelli MJ, Bernock LJ, Landry J, Spitz DR, Weber LA, Hickey E, Freeman ML, Corry PM. Stress protection by a fluorescent Hsp27 chimera that is independent of nuclear translocation or multimeric dissociation. Cell Stress Chaperones 2002; 7:281-96. [PMID: 12482204 PMCID: PMC514828 DOI: 10.1379/1466-1268(2002)007<0281:spbafh>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A chimeric protein consisting of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) fused to the N-terminus of human Hsp27 conferred stress protection in human A549 lung carcinoma and murine L929 cells that were stably transfected to express the chimera constitutively. The resultant protection was comparable with that in the same cell lines when they were transfected to express corresponding levels of Hsp27. Unlike L929 cells, A549 cells exhibit endogenous Hsp27 expression, whose expression was inhibited in proportion to the amount of fluorescent chimera expressed, suggesting that the A549 cells recognized the latter as Hsp27. Upregulation of Hsp27 or chimeric Hsp27 in all transfected cell lines (stable or transient transfection) caused no measurable change in cellular glutathione levels, indicating that glutathione played no role in the stress protection associated with either protein. Chimeric Hsp27 had a monomeric molecular weight of 55 kDa (that of Hsp27 plus EGFP) in both cell types and formed a 16-mer complex twice as massive as that formed by Hsp27. Heat shock or sodium arsenite induced phosphorylation of both chimeric Hsp27 and Hsp27, which resulted in the disaggregation of Hsp27 multimers in both cell types and disaggregation of 20% of the chimeric multimers in L929 cells. But chimeric Hsp27 multimers did not disaggregate after stress in A549 cells. Epifluorescence and confocal microscopy demonstrated that chimeric Hsp27 was restricted to the cytoplasm under normal growth conditions and after heat shock in all cells. This study supports the conclusions that Hsp27 stress protection requires neither its translocation into the nucleus nor the dissociation of its multimeric complex. Furthermore, it demonstrates that fluorescent chimeras of heat shock proteins can be functional and used to observe the protein's distribution within living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Borrelli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, 3601 West Thirteen Mile Road, Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA.
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28
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Goto S, Nakamura A, Radak Z, Nakamoto H, Takahashi R, Yasuda K, Sakurai Y, Ishii N. Carbonylated proteins in aging and exercise: immunoblot approaches. Mech Ageing Dev 1999; 107:245-53. [PMID: 10360680 DOI: 10.1016/s0047-6374(98)00133-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Protein carbonyls were studied in aging and exercise by immunoblot followed by one- or two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using antibodies against 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones. Proteins of rat kidneys exhibited significant age-related increase in the amount of carbonyl while those of the brain and liver did not. Major carbonylated proteins in the kidney included serum albumin. In nematodes in which protein carbonyls increased with age, one of the carbonylated proteins was identified as vitellogenin, an egg-yolk protein. A possible biological significance of this protein present in abundance even after egg-laying stages is discussed in terms of protection against oxidative stress. Exhaustive exercise induced significant increase in the carbonylation of selected but unidentified proteins in the lung. This oxidative stress might be caused by xanthine oxidase in this tissue and hypoxanthine derived from ATP-depleted muscles. Exercise at high altitude caused higher carbonylation of the skeletal muscle proteins, most notably a protein likely to be actin, than that at sea level but no significant difference was observed in lipid peroxidation. These studies emphasize the value of immunoblot analysis of tissue protein carbonyls in a variety of situations where oxidative stress is likely involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Goto
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan.
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