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Hua X, Wang D. Polyethylene nanoparticles at environmentally relevant concentrations enhances neurotoxicity and accumulation of 6-PPD quinone in Caenorhabditis elegans. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170760. [PMID: 38331287 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The exposure risk of 6-PPD quinone (6-PPDQ) has aroused increasing concern. In the natural environment, 6-PPDQ could interact with other pollutants, posing more severe environmental problems and toxicity to organisms. We here examined the effect of polyethylene nanoplastic (PE-NP) on 6-PPDQ neurotoxicity and the underling mechanisms in Caenorhabditis elegans. In nematodes, PE-NP (1 and 10 μg/L) decreased locomotion behavior, but did not affect development of D-type neurons. Exposure to PE-NP (1 and 10 μg/L) strengthened neurotoxicity of 6-PPDQ (10 μg/L) on the aspect of locomotion and neurodegeneration induction of D-type motor neurons. Exposure to PE-NPs (10 μg/L) caused increase in expressions of mec-4, asp-3, and asp-4 governing neurodegeneration in 10 μg/L 6-PPDQ exposed nematodes. Moreover, exposure to PE-NP (10 μg/L) increased expression of some neuronal genes (daf-7, dbl-1, jnk-1, and mpk-1) in 6-PPDQ exposed nematodes, and RNAi of these genes resulted in susceptibility to neurotoxicity of PE-NP and 6-PPDQ. 6-PPDQ could be adsorbed by PE-NPs, and resuspension of PE-NP and 6-PPDQ after adsorption equilibrium exhibited similar neurotoxicity to co-exposure of PE-NP and 6-PPDQ. In addition, exposure to PE-NP (1 and 10 μg/L) increased 6-PPDQ accumulation in body of nematodes and increased defecation cycle length in 6-PPDQ exposed nematodes. Therefore, 6-PPDQ could be adsorbed on nanoplastics (such as PE-NPs) and enhance both neurotoxicity and accumulation of 6-PPDQ in organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hua
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Shenzhen Ruipuxun Academy for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Shenzhen, China.
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2
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Wang Y, Yuan X, Zhou R, Bu Y, Wang D. Combinational exposure to hydroxyatrazine increases neurotoxicity of polystyrene nanoparticles on Caenorhabditis elegans. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 880:163283. [PMID: 37019222 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Using Caenorhabditis elegans as an animal model, we investigated combinational effect between 2-hydroxyatrazine (HA) and polystyrene nanoparticle (PS-NP) on function and development of D-type motor neurons. Exposure to HA (10 and 100 μg/L) alone caused decreases in body bend, head thrash, and forward turn and increase in backward turn. Exposure to 100 μg/L HA also caused neurodegeneration of D-type motor neurons. Moreover, combinational exposure to HA (0.1 and 1 μg/L) induced enhancement in PS-NP (10 μg/L) toxicity in inhibiting body bend, head thrash, and forward turn, and in increasing backward turn. In addition, combinational exposure to HA (1 μg/L) could result in neurodegeneration of D-type motor neurons in PS-NP (10 μg/L) exposed nematodes. Combinational exposure to HA (1 μg/L) and PS-NP (10 μg/L) increased expressions of crt-1, itr-1, mec-4, asp-3, and asp-4, which govern the induction of neurodegeneration. Moreover, combinational exposure to HA (0.1 and 1 μg/L) strengthened PS-NP (10 μg/L)-induced decreases in glb-10, mpk-1, jnk-1, and daf-7 expressions, which encode neuronal signals regulating response to PS-NP. Therefore, our results demonstrated the effect of combinational exposure to HA and nanoplastics at environmentally relevant concentrations in causing toxic effect on nervous system in organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanqing Bu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, China.
| | - Dayong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Shenzhen Ruipuxun Academy for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Shenzhen, China.
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3
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Wang Y, Wu W, Gong J. Live or death in cells: from micronutrition metabolism to cell fate. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1185989. [PMID: 37250891 PMCID: PMC10213646 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1185989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Micronutrients and cell death have a strong relationship and both are essential for human to maintain good body health. Dysregulation of any micronutrients causes metabolic or chronic diseases, including obesity, cardiometabolic condition, neurodegeneration, and cancer. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is an ideal genetic organism for researching the mechanisms of micronutrients in metabolism, healthspan, and lifespan. For example, C. elegans is a haem auxotroph, and the research of this special haem trafficking pathway contributes important reference to mammal study. Also, C. elegans characteristics including anatomy simply, clear cell lineage, well-defined genetics, and easily differentiated cell forms make it a powerful tool for studying the mechanisms of cell death including apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis. Here, we describe the understanding of micronutrient metabolism currently and also sort out the fundamental mechanisms of different kinds of cell death. A thorough understanding of these physiological processes not only builds a foundation for developing better treatments for various micronutrient disorders but also provides key insights into human health and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianke Gong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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4
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Furuta Y, Zhou Z. How do necrotic cells expose phosphatidylserine to attract their predators—What’s unique and what’s in common with apoptotic cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1170551. [PMID: 37091984 PMCID: PMC10113483 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1170551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a lipid component of the plasma membrane. It is asymmetrically distributed to the inner leaflet in live cells. In cells undergoing apoptosis, phosphatidylserine is exposed to the outer surfaces. The exposed phosphatidylserine acts as an evolutionarily conserved “eat-me” signal that attracts neighboring engulfing cells in metazoan organisms, including the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, and mammals. During apoptosis, the exposure of phosphatidylserine to the outer surface of a cell is driven by the membrane scramblases and flippases, the activities of which are regulated by caspases. Cells undergoing necrosis, a kind of cell death frequently associated with cellular injuries and morphologically distinct from apoptosis, were initially believed to allow passive exposure of phosphatidylserine through membrane rupture. Later studies revealed that necrotic cells actively expose phosphatidylserine before any rupture occurs. A recent study in C. elegans further reported that the calcium ion (Ca2+) plays an essential role in promoting the exposure of phosphatidylserine on the surfaces of necrotic cells. These findings indicate that necrotic and apoptotic cells, which die through different molecular mechanisms, use common and unique mechanisms for promoting the exposure of the same “eat me” signal. This article will review the mechanisms regulating the exposure of phosphatidylserine on the surfaces of necrotic and apoptotic cells and highlight their similarities and differences.
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Hua X, Feng X, Liang G, Chao J, Wang D. Exposure to 6-PPD Quinone at Environmentally Relevant Concentrations Causes Abnormal Locomotion Behaviors and Neurodegeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:4940-4950. [PMID: 36913653 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
6-PPD quinone (6-PPDQ) can be transformed from 6-PPD through ozonation. Nevertheless, the potential neurotoxicity of 6-PPDQ after long-term exposure and the underlying mechanism are largely unclear. In Caenorhabditis elegans, we here observed that 0.1-10 μg/L of 6-PPDQ caused several forms of abnormal locomotion behaviors. Meanwhile, the neurodegeneration of D-type motor neurons was observed in 10 μg/L of 6-PPDQ-exposed nematodes. The observed neurodegeneration was associated with the activation of the Ca2+ channel DEG-3-mediated signaling cascade. In this signaling cascade, expressions of deg-3, unc-68, itr-1, crt-1, clp-1, and tra-3 were increased by 10 μg/L of 6-PPDQ. Moreover, among genes encoding neuronal signals required for the control of stress response, expressions of jnk-1 and dbl-1 were decreased by 0.1-10 μg/L of 6-PPDQ, and expressions of daf-7 and glb-10 were decreased by 10 μg/L of 6-PPDQ. RNAi of jnk-1, dbl-1, daf-7, and glb-10 resulted in the susceptibility to 6-PPDQ toxicity in decreasing locomotory ability and in inducing neurodegeneration, suggesting that JNK-1, DBL-1, DAF-7, and GLB-10 were also required for the induction of 6-PPDQ neurotoxicity. Molecular docking analysis further demonstrated the binding potential of 6-PPDQ to DEG-3, JNK-1, DBL-1, DAF-7, and GLB-10. Together, our data suggested the exposure risk of 6-PPDQ at environmentally relevant concentrations in causing neurotoxicity in organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hua
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Geyu Liang
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jie Chao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Mueller BD, Merrill SA, Watanabe S, Liu P, Niu L, Singh A, Maldonado-Catala P, Cherry A, Rich MS, Silva M, Maricq AV, Wang ZW, Jorgensen EM. CaV1 and CaV2 calcium channels mediate the release of distinct pools of synaptic vesicles. eLife 2023; 12:e81407. [PMID: 36820519 PMCID: PMC10023163 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of voltage-gated calcium channels at presynaptic terminals leads to local increases in calcium and the fusion of synaptic vesicles containing neurotransmitter. Presynaptic output is a function of the density of calcium channels, the dynamic properties of the channel, the distance to docked vesicles, and the release probability at the docking site. We demonstrate that at Caenorhabditis elegans neuromuscular junctions two different classes of voltage-gated calcium channels, CaV2 and CaV1, mediate the release of distinct pools of synaptic vesicles. CaV2 channels are concentrated in densely packed clusters ~250 nm in diameter with the active zone proteins Neurexin, α-Liprin, SYDE, ELKS/CAST, RIM-BP, α-Catulin, and MAGI1. CaV2 channels are colocalized with the priming protein UNC-13L and mediate the fusion of vesicles docked within 33 nm of the dense projection. CaV2 activity is amplified by ryanodine receptor release of calcium from internal stores, triggering fusion up to 165 nm from the dense projection. By contrast, CaV1 channels are dispersed in the synaptic varicosity, and are colocalized with UNC-13S. CaV1 and ryanodine receptors are separated by just 40 nm, and vesicle fusion mediated by CaV1 is completely dependent on the ryanodine receptor. Distinct synaptic vesicle pools, released by different calcium channels, could be used to tune the speed, voltage-dependence, and quantal content of neurotransmitter release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Mueller
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, School of Biological Sciences, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Sean A Merrill
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, School of Biological Sciences, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Shigeki Watanabe
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, School of Biological Sciences, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Medical SchoolFarmingtonUnited States
| | - Longgang Niu
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Medical SchoolFarmingtonUnited States
| | - Anish Singh
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, School of Biological Sciences, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | | | - Alex Cherry
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, School of Biological Sciences, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Matthew S Rich
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, School of Biological Sciences, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Malan Silva
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, School of Biological Sciences, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | | | - Zhao-Wen Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Medical SchoolFarmingtonUnited States
| | - Erik M Jorgensen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, School of Biological Sciences, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
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Sammi SR, Syeda T, Conrow KD, Leung MCK, Cannon JR. Complementary biological and computational approaches identify distinct mechanisms of chlorpyrifos versus chlorpyrifos-oxon-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity. Toxicol Sci 2023; 191:163-178. [PMID: 36269219 PMCID: PMC9887671 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Organophosphate (OP) pesticides are widely used in agriculture. While acute cholinergic toxicity has been extensively studied, chronic effects on other neurons are less understood. Here, we demonstrated that the OP pesticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) and its oxon metabolite are dopaminergic neurotoxicants in Caenorhabditis elegans. CPF treatment led to inhibition of mitochondrial complex II, II + III, and V in rat liver mitochondria, while CPF-oxon did not (complex II + III and IV inhibition observed only at high doses). While the effect on C. elegans cholinergic behavior was mostly reversible with toxicant washout, dopamine-associated deficits persisted, suggesting dopaminergic neurotoxicity was irreversible. CPF reduced the mitochondrial content in a dose-dependent manner and the fat modulatory genes cyp-35A2 and cyp-35A3 were found to have a key role in CPF neurotoxicity. These findings were consistent with in vitro effects of CPF and CPF-oxon on nuclear receptor signaling and fatty acid/steroid metabolism observed in ToxCast assays. Two-way hierarchical analysis revealed in vitro effects on estrogen receptor, pregnane X receptor, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma pathways as well as neurotoxicity of CPF, malathion, and diazinon, whereas these effects were not detected in malaoxon and diazoxon. Taken together, our study suggests that mitochondrial toxicity and metabolic effects of CPF, but not CPF-oxon, have a key role of CPF neurotoxicity in the low-dose, chronic exposure. Further mechanistic studies are needed to examine mitochondria as a common target for all OP pesticide parent compounds, because this has important implications on cumulative pesticide risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreesh Raj Sammi
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Tauqeerunnisa Syeda
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Kendra D Conrow
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, Arizona, USA
| | - Maxwell C K Leung
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, Arizona, USA
| | - Jason R Cannon
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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8
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Calnexin, More Than Just a Molecular Chaperone. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030403. [PMID: 36766745 PMCID: PMC9913998 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Calnexin is a type I integral endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein with an N-terminal domain that resides in the lumen of the ER and a C-terminal domain that extends into the cytosol. Calnexin is commonly referred to as a molecular chaperone involved in the folding and quality control of membrane-associated and secreted proteins, a function that is attributed to its ER- localized domain with a structure that bears a strong resemblance to another luminal ER chaperone and Ca2+-binding protein known as calreticulin. Studies have discovered that the cytosolic C-terminal domain of calnexin undergoes distinct post-translational modifications and interacts with a variety of proteins. Here, we discuss recent findings and hypothesize that the post-translational modifications of the calnexin C-terminal domain and its interaction with specific cytosolic proteins play a role in coordinating ER functions with events taking place in the cytosol and other cellular compartments.
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Kaulich E, Grundy LJ, Schafer WR, Walker DS. The diverse functions of the DEG/ENaC family: linking genetic and physiological insights. J Physiol 2022; 601:1521-1542. [PMID: 36314992 PMCID: PMC10148893 DOI: 10.1113/jp283335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The DEG/ENaC family of ion channels was defined based on the sequence similarity between degenerins (DEG) from the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and subunits of the mammalian epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), and also includes a diverse array of non-voltage-gated cation channels from across animal phyla, including the mammalian acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) and Drosophila pickpockets. ENaCs and ASICs have wide ranging medical importance; for example, ENaCs play an important role in respiratory and renal function, and ASICs in ischaemia and inflammatory pain, as well as being implicated in memory and learning. Electrophysiological approaches, both in vitro and in vivo, have played an essential role in establishing the physiological properties of this diverse family, identifying an array of modulators and implicating them in an extensive range of cellular functions, including mechanosensation, acid sensation and synaptic modulation. Likewise, genetic studies in both invertebrates and vertebrates have played an important role in linking our understanding of channel properties to function at the cellular and whole animal/behavioural level. Drawing together genetic and physiological evidence is essential to furthering our understanding of the precise cellular roles of DEG/ENaC channels, with the diversity among family members allowing comparative physiological studies to dissect the molecular basis of these diverse functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kaulich
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Laura J Grundy
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - William R Schafer
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Denise S Walker
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
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10
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Reza RN, Serra ND, Detwiler AC, Hanna-Rose W, Crook M. Noncanonical necrosis in 2 different cell types in a Caenorhabditis elegans NAD+ salvage pathway mutant. G3 GENES|GENOMES|GENETICS 2022; 12:6526389. [PMID: 35143646 PMCID: PMC8982427 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Necrosis was once described as a chaotic unregulated response to cellular insult. We now know that necrosis is controlled by multiple pathways in response to many different cellular conditions. In our pnc-1 NAD+ salvage deficient Caenorhabditis elegans model excess nicotinamide induces excitotoxic death in uterine-vulval uv1 cells and OLQ mechanosensory neurons. We sought to characterize necrosis in our pnc-1 model in the context of well-characterized necrosis, apoptosis, and autophagy pathways in C. elegans. We confirmed that calpain and aspartic proteases were required for uv1 necrosis, but changes in intracellular calcium levels and autophagy were not, suggesting that uv1 necrosis occurs by a pathway that diverges from mec-4d-induced touch cell necrosis downstream of effector aspartic proteases. OLQ necrosis does not require changes in intracellular calcium, the function of calpain or aspartic proteases, or autophagy. Instead, OLQ survival requires the function of calreticulin and calnexin, pro-apoptotic ced-4 (Apaf1), and genes involved in both autophagy and axon guidance. In addition, the partially OLQ-dependent gentle nose touch response decreased significantly in pnc-1 animals on poor quality food, further suggesting that uv1 and OLQ necrosis differ downstream of their common trigger. Together these results show that, although phenotypically very similar, uv1, OLQ, and touch cell necrosis are very different at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rifath N Reza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Nicholas D Serra
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ariana C Detwiler
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Wendy Hanna-Rose
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Matt Crook
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University-San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78224, USA
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Li Y, Hao H, Yu H, Yu L, Ma H, Zhang H. Ginsenoside Rg2 Ameliorates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Regulating TAK1 to Inhibit Necroptosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:824657. [PMID: 35391841 PMCID: PMC8981204 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.824657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Necroptosis contribute to the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury. Ginsenoside Rg2 has been reported to have cardioprotective effects against MI/R injury; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This work aimed to investigate the effect of ginsenoside Rg2 on necroptosis induced by MI/R and to explore the mechanism. In this study, hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury model was established in H9c2 cells. In vivo, male C57/BL6 mice were subjected to myocardial ischemia 30 min/reperfusion 4 h. Rg2 (50 mg/kg) or vehicle was intravenously infused 5 min before reperfusion. Cardiac function and the signaling pathway involved in necroptosis were investigated. Compared with H/R group, Rg2 significantly inhibited H/R-induced cardiomyocyte death. Rg2 treatment effectively inhibited the phosphorylation of RIP1, RIP3, and MLKL in H/R cardiomyocytes, and inhibited RIP1/RIP3 complex (necrosome) formation. In mice, Rg2 treatment manifested significantly lower ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced myocardial necroptosis, as evidenced by decrease in phosphorylation of RIP1, RIP3, and MLKL, inhibited lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and Evans blue dye (EBD) penetration. Mechanically, an increased level of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and MCP-1 were found in MI/R hearts, and Rg2 treatment significantly inhibit the expression of these factors. We found that TNFα-induced phosphorylation of RIP1, RIP3, and MLKL was negatively correlated with transforming growth factor-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) phosphorylation, and inhibition of TAK1 phosphorylation led to necroptosis enhancement. More importantly, Rg2 treatment significantly increased TAK1 phosphorylation, enhanced TAK1 binding to RIP1 while inhibiting RIP1/RIP3 complex, ultimately reducing MI/R-induced necroptosis. These findings highlight a new mechanism of Rg2-induced cardioprotection: reducing the formation of RIP1/RIP3 necrosome by regulating TAK1 phosphorylation to block necroptosis induced by MI/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Li
- Clinical Medical College of Air Force, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hao Hao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Haozhen Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Lu Yu,
| | - Heng Ma
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Heng Ma,
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Clinical Medical College of Air Force, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Cardiology, PLA Air Force Medical Center, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Haitao Zhang,
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12
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Kounakis K, Tavernarakis N. Assessment of Neuronal Cell Death in Caenorhabditis elegans. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2515:309-317. [PMID: 35776360 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2409-8_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a powerful experimental platform for cell biology studies. The molecular mechanisms that mediate cell death and neurodegeneration have been characterized extensively in the nematode. In addition, the availability of a wide arsenal of genetic and molecular tools and methodologies renders C. elegans an organism of choice for modeling human neurodegenerative diseases. Indeed, neuronal necrosis can readily be observed and examined in vivo, in the worm. In this chapter, we describe the two main approaches that are routinely used for monitoring and quantifying neuronal cell death in C. elegans. The first is based on direct visualization of dying cells via Nomarski differential interference contrast (DiC) microscopy, and the second on the assessment of neuronal survival by fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Kounakis
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Crete, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas , Crete, Greece
| | - Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Crete, Greece.
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas , Crete, Greece.
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13
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Novel Nematode-Killing Protein-1 (Nkp-1) from a Marine Epiphytic Bacterium Pseudoalteromonas tunicata. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111586. [PMID: 34829814 PMCID: PMC8615270 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance among parasitic nematodes has resulted in an urgent need for the development of new therapies. However, the high re-discovery rate of anti-nematode compounds from terrestrial environments necessitates a new repository for future drug research. Marine epiphytes are hypothesised to produce nematicidal compounds as a defence against bacterivorous predators, thus representing a promising yet underexplored source for anti-nematode drug discovery. The marine epiphytic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas tunicata is known to produce several bioactive compounds. Screening heterologously expressed genomic libraries of P. tunicata against the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, identified as an E. coli clone (HG8), shows fast-killing activity. Here we show that clone HG8 produces a novel nematode-killing protein-1 (Nkp-1) harbouring a predicted carbohydrate-binding domain with weak homology to known bacterial pore-forming toxins. We found bacteria expressing Nkp-1 were able to colonise the C. elegans intestine, with exposure to both live bacteria and protein extracts resulting in physical damage and necrosis, leading to nematode death within 24 h of exposure. Furthermore, this study revealed C. elegans dar (deformed anal region) and internal hatching may act as a nematode defence strategy against Nkp-1 toxicity. The characterisation of this novel protein and putative mode of action not only contributes to the development of novel anti-nematode applications in the future but reaffirms the potential of marine epiphytic bacteria as a new source of novel biomolecules.
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Pan-phylum genome-wide identification of sodium calcium exchangers reveal heterogeneous expansions and possible roles in nematode parasitism. Gene 2021; 810:146052. [PMID: 34756961 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Calcium signaling is ubiquitous in nematode development from fertilization to cell specification to apoptosis. Calcium also regulates dauer entry in Caenorhabditis elegans, which corresponds to the infective stage of parasitic nematodes. In diverse parasites such as Trypanosoma cruzi and Toxoplasma gondii calcium has been shown to regulate host cell entry and egress, and perturbing calcium signaling represents a possible route to inhibit infection and parasitism in these species. Sodium calcium exchangers are considered the most important mechanism of calcium efflux, and our lab has previously characterized the sodium calcium exchanger gene family in C. elegans and studied the diversity of this family across a subset of specific nematode species. Here we build upon these data and explore sodium calcium exchangers across 108 species of nematodes. Our data reveal substantial differences in sodium calcium exchanger counts across the Phylum and detail expansions and contractions of specific exchanger subtypes within certain nematode clades. Finally, we also provide evidence for a role of sodium calcium exchangers in parasite activation by examining differentially expressed genes in non-activated versus activated infective stage larvae. Taken together our findings paint a heterogeneous picture of sodium calcium exchanger evolution across the Phylum Nematoda that may reflect unique adaptations to free-living and parasitic lifestyles.
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Chen B, Liu W, Chen Y, She Q, Li M, Zhao H, Zhao W, Peng Z, Wu J. Effect of Poor Nutritional Status and Comorbidities on the Occurrence and Outcome of Pneumonia in Elderly Adults. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:719530. [PMID: 34712677 PMCID: PMC8547609 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.719530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Malnutrition and comorbidity are two common geriatric syndromes. The pathology of pneumonia is multifactorial, making its diagnosis and management a great challenge. Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) are two main types of pneumonia. However, the effect of geriatric syndromes on pneumonia and its prognosis have not been clearly explored. Methods: We collected the relevant electronic data of inpatients aged over 65 years and diagnosed with pneumonia in the Geriatrics Department Building of the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University between December 2018 and December 2019, and further divided them into HAP group and CAP group. The correlations of age, age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index (aCCI), basic diseases and nutritional indexes (i.e., albumin, electrolyte, hemoglobin) with pneumonia and prognosis were analyzed. We analyzed the associations between infection prognosis/infection level and age, nutritional status, aCCI and underlying diseases, using linear regression model. The box plot was applied to present infection outcome, and the nomogram was built for predicting infection outcomes. We utilized the heat map to show the associations between nutritional status and infection level/outcome in all infected patients, HAP, and CAP. Results: The final study comprised samples of 669 pneumonia patients divided into HAP group (n = 517) and CAP group (n = 152). In all patients, the infection outcome was negatively correlated with age (P = 0.013). The level of albumin was negatively correlated with infection prognosis in all patients (P = 0.03), and negatively correlated with neutrophil count and CRP (P = 0.008, P < 0.001). ACCI was positively correlated with CRP (P = 0.003). The prognosis was negatively associated with age and albumin level. In the patients with basic dementia/Alzheimer's disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/asthma, the prognosis was worse. Conclusion: There was a correlation between poor nutritional status-related indexes and inflammatory indexes. A poor nutritional status might predict a high risk of pneumonia in elderly adults. Advanced age and comorbidities were risk factors for the occurrence and poor prognosis of pneumonia. Therefore, comorbidities should be well-treated in the elderly with pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanbing Chen
- First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Quan She
- Department of Geriatrics, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - HongYe Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of General Practice, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Weihong Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhihang Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianqing Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Barati M, Javidi MA, Darvishi B, Shariatpanahi SP, Mesbah Moosavi ZS, Ghadirian R, Khani T, Sanati H, Simaee H, Shokrollahi Barough M, Farahmand L, Madjid Ansari A. Necroptosis triggered by ROS accumulation and Ca 2+ overload, partly explains the inflammatory responses and anti-cancer effects associated with 1Hz, 100 mT ELF-MF in vivo. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 169:84-98. [PMID: 33857627 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Whereas the anti-neoplastic activity of extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-EMF) is well-documented in literature, little is known about its underlying anti-cancer mechanisms and induced types of cell death. Here, for the first time, we reported induction of necroptosis, a specific type of programed necrotic cell death, in MC4-L2 breast cancer cell lines following a 2 h/day exposure to a 100 Hz, 1 mT ELF-EMF for five days. For in vivo assessment, inbred BALB/c mice bearing established MC-4L2 tumors were exposed to 100 mT, 1 Hz ELF-EMF 2 h daily for a period of 28-day, following which tumors were dissected and fixed for evaluation of tumor biomarkers expression and types of cell death induced using TUNEL assay, Immunohistochemistry and H&E staining. Peripheral blood samples were also collected for assessing pro-inflammatory cytokine profile following exposure. An exaggerated proinflammatory response evident form enhancement of IFN-γ (4.8 ± 0.24 folds) and TNF-α (3.1 ± 0.19 folds) and number of tumors infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), specially CD8+ Th cells (~20 folds), proposed occurrence of necroptosis in vivo. Meanwhile, exposure could effectively suppress tumor growth and expression of Ki-67, CD31, VEGFR2 and MMP-9. In vitro studies on ELF-EMF exposed MC-4L2 cells demonstrated a meaningful increase in phosphorylation of RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL proteins and cleavage of caspase-9/caspase-3, confirming occurrence of both necroptosis and apoptosis. Complementary in vitro studies by treating ELF-EMF exposed MC-4L2 cells with verapamil (a calcium channel inhibitor), N-acetyl cysteine (a ROS scavenger) or calcium chloride confirmed the role of elevated intracellular calcium and ROS levels in ELF-EMF induced necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojdeh Barati
- Integrative Oncology Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Javidi
- Integrative Oncology Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrad Darvishi
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Zahra S Mesbah Moosavi
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Reyhane Ghadirian
- Integrative Oncology Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Khani
- Integrative Oncology Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Sanati
- ATMP Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Simaee
- Integrative Oncology Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Leila Farahmand
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Madjid Ansari
- Integrative Oncology Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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Burkewitz K, Feng G, Dutta S, Kelley CA, Steinbaugh M, Cram EJ, Mair WB. Atf-6 Regulates Lifespan through ER-Mitochondrial Calcium Homeostasis. Cell Rep 2021; 32:108125. [PMID: 32905769 PMCID: PMC8030272 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Individually, dysfunction of both the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria has been linked to aging, but how communication between these organelles might be targeted to promote longevity is unclear. Here, we provide evidence that, in Caenorhabditis elegans, inhibition of the conserved unfolded protein response (UPRER) mediator, activating transcription factor (atf)-6, increases lifespan by modulating calcium homeostasis and signaling to mitochondria. Atf-6 loss confers longevity via downregulation of the ER calcium buffer, calreticulin. ER calcium release via the inositol triphosphate receptor (IP3R/itr-1) is required for longevity, while IP3R/itr-1 gain of function is sufficient to extend lifespan. Highlighting coordination between organelles, the mitochondrial calcium import channel mcu-1 is also required for atf-6 longevity. IP3R inhibition leads to impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics and hyperfusion, which is sufficient to suppress long life in atf-6 mutants. This study reveals the importance of organellar calcium handling as a critical output for the UPRER in determining the quality of aging. Burkewitz et al. show that modulating subcellular calcium compartmentalization and signaling is a mechanism of both aging and longevity. The loss of ATF-6, a conserved mediator of the unfolded protein response, disrupts calcium retention in the ER; subsequently, ER calcium release triggers lifespan extension by stimulating mitochondrial dynamics and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher Burkewitz
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Gaomin Feng
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Sneha Dutta
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Michael Steinbaugh
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Erin J Cram
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - William B Mair
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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García-Casas P, Alvarez-Illera P, Fonteriz RI, Montero M, Alvarez J. Mechanism of the lifespan extension induced by submaximal SERCA inhibition in C. elegans. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 196:111474. [PMID: 33766744 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We have reported recently that submaximal inhibition of the Sarco Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) produces an increase in the lifespan of C. elegans worms. We have explored here the mechanism of this increased survival by studying the effect of SERCA inhibition in several mutants of signaling pathways related to longevity. Our data show that the mechanism of the effect is unrelated with the insulin signaling pathway or the sirtuin activity, because SERCA inhibitors increased lifespan similarly in mutants of these pathways. However, the effect required functional mitochondria and both the AMP kinase and TOR pathways, as the SERCA inhibitors were ineffective in the corresponding mutants. The same effects were obtained after reducing SERCA expression with submaximal RNAi treatment. The SERCA inhibitors did not induce ER-stress at the concentrations used, and their effect was not modified by inactivation of the OP50 bacterial food. Altogether, our data suggest that the effect may be due to a reduced ER-mitochondria Ca2+ transfer acting via AMPK activation and mTOR inhibition to promote survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma García-Casas
- Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics (IBGM), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid and CSIC, Ramón y Cajal, 7, E-47005, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Pilar Alvarez-Illera
- Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics (IBGM), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid and CSIC, Ramón y Cajal, 7, E-47005, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Rosalba I Fonteriz
- Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics (IBGM), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid and CSIC, Ramón y Cajal, 7, E-47005, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Mayte Montero
- Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics (IBGM), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid and CSIC, Ramón y Cajal, 7, E-47005, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Javier Alvarez
- Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics (IBGM), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid and CSIC, Ramón y Cajal, 7, E-47005, Valladolid, Spain.
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Shi JJ, Jiang QH, Zhang TN, Sun H, Shi WW, Gunosewoyo H, Yang F, Tang J, Pang T, Yu LF. Sigma-1 Receptor Agonist TS-157 Improves Motor Functional Recovery by Promoting Neurite Outgrowth and pERK in Rats with Focal Cerebral Ischemia. Molecules 2021; 26:1212. [PMID: 33668340 PMCID: PMC7956808 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sigma-1 (σ-1) receptor agonists are considered as potential treatment for stroke. TS-157 is an alkoxyisoxazole-based σ-1 receptor agonist previously discovered in our group. The present study describes TS-157 profile in a battery of tests for cerebral ischemia. Initial evaluation demonstrated the compound's safety profile and blood-brain barrier permeability, as well as its ability to induce neurite outgrowth in vitro. The neurite outgrowth was shown to be mediated via σ-1 receptor agonism and involves upregulation of ERK phosphorylation (pERK). In particular, TS-157 also significantly accelerated the recovery of motor function in rats with transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). Overall, the results herein support the notion that σ-1 receptor agonists are potential therapeutics for stroke and further animal efficacy studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Shi
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China; (J.-J.S.); (H.S.); (W.-W.S.); (F.Y.)
| | - Qi-Hui Jiang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (Q.-H.J.); (T.-N.Z.)
| | - Tian-Ning Zhang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (Q.-H.J.); (T.-N.Z.)
| | - Hao Sun
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China; (J.-J.S.); (H.S.); (W.-W.S.); (F.Y.)
| | - Wen-Wen Shi
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China; (J.-J.S.); (H.S.); (W.-W.S.); (F.Y.)
| | - Hendra Gunosewoyo
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia;
| | - Fan Yang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China; (J.-J.S.); (H.S.); (W.-W.S.); (F.Y.)
| | - Jie Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China;
| | - Tao Pang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (Q.-H.J.); (T.-N.Z.)
| | - Li-Fang Yu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China; (J.-J.S.); (H.S.); (W.-W.S.); (F.Y.)
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Furuta Y, Pena-Ramos O, Li Z, Chiao L, Zhou Z. Calcium ions trigger the exposure of phosphatidylserine on the surface of necrotic cells. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009066. [PMID: 33571185 PMCID: PMC7904182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular Ca2+ level is under strict regulation through calcium channels and storage pools including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Mutations in certain ion channel subunits, which cause mis-regulated Ca2+ influx, induce the excitotoxic necrosis of neurons. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, dominant mutations in the DEG/ENaC sodium channel subunit MEC-4 induce six mechanosensory (touch) neurons to undergo excitotoxic necrosis. These necrotic neurons are subsequently engulfed and digested by neighboring hypodermal cells. We previously reported that necrotic touch neurons actively expose phosphatidylserine (PS), an “eat-me” signal, to attract engulfing cells. However, the upstream signal that triggers PS externalization remained elusive. Here we report that a robust and transient increase of cytoplasmic Ca2+ level occurs prior to the exposure of PS on necrotic touch neurons. Inhibiting the release of Ca2+ from the ER, either pharmacologically or genetically, specifically impairs PS exposure on necrotic but not apoptotic cells. On the contrary, inhibiting the reuptake of cytoplasmic Ca2+ into the ER induces ectopic necrosis and PS exposure. Remarkably, PS exposure occurs independently of other necrosis events. Furthermore, unlike in mutants of DEG/ENaC channels, in dominant mutants of deg-3 and trp-4, which encode Ca2+ channels, PS exposure on necrotic neurons does not rely on the ER Ca2+ pool. Our findings indicate that high levels of cytoplasmic Ca2+ are necessary and sufficient for PS exposure. They further reveal two Ca2+-dependent, necrosis-specific pathways that promote PS exposure, a “two-step” pathway initiated by a modest influx of Ca2+ and further boosted by the release of Ca2+ from the ER, and another, ER-independent, pathway. Moreover, we found that ANOH-1, the worm homolog of mammalian phospholipid scramblase TMEM16F, is necessary for efficient PS exposure in thapsgargin-treated worms and trp-4 mutants, like in mec-4 mutants. We propose that both the ER-mediated and ER-independent Ca2+ pathways promote PS externalization through activating ANOH-1. Necrosis is a type of cell death that exhibits distinct morphological features such as cell and organelle swelling. Necrotic cells expose phosphatidylserine (PS)–a type of phospholipid—on their outer surfaces. Receptor molecules on phagocytes detect PS on necrotic cells and subsequently initiate the engulfment process. As necrosis is associated with stroke, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and heart diseases, studying necrotic cell clearance has important medical relevance. In the model organism the nematode C. elegans, we previously identified membrane proteins that promote the exposure of PS on necrotic cell surfaces by studying neurons that are induced to undergo necrosis by dominant mutations in ion channels. Here, in C. elegans, we have discovered that the necrotic insults trigger an increase of the cytoplasmic calcium ion (Ca2+), which in turn promotes PS externalization on necrotic cell surfaces. Furthermore, we have identified two different mechanisms that increase cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels, one dependent on the Ca2+ contribution from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the other independent of the ER. The Ca2+ signal targets ANOH-1, a worm homolog of mammalian proteins capable of externalizing PS, for promoting PS exposure on necrotic cells. Our findings reveal novel upstream regulatory mechanisms that promote necrotic cell clearance in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Furuta
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- School of Pharmacy, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Omar Pena-Ramos
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Zao Li
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lucia Chiao
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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21
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DEG/ENaC Ion Channels in the Function of the Nervous System: From Worm to Man. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1349:165-192. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-4254-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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The Conserved ASCL1/MASH-1 Ortholog HLH-3 Specifies Sex-Specific Ventral Cord Motor Neuron Fate in Caenorhabditis elegans. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2020; 10:4201-4213. [PMID: 32973001 PMCID: PMC7642948 DOI: 10.1534/g3.120.401458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neural specification is regulated by one or many transcription factors that control expression of effector genes that mediate function and determine neuronal type. Here we identify a novel role for one conserved proneural factor, the bHLH protein HLH-3, implicated in the specification of sex-specific ventral cord motor neurons in C. elegans. Proneural genes act in early stages of neurogenesis in early progenitors, but here, we demonstrate a later role for hlh-3. First, we document that differentiation of the ventral cord type C motor neuron class (VC) within their neuron class, is dynamic in time and space. Expression of VC class-specific and subclass-specific identity genes is distinct through development and is dependent on the VC position along the A-P axis and their proximity to the vulva. Our characterization of the expression of VC class and VC subclass-specific differentiation markers in the absence of hlh-3 function reveals that VC fate specification, differentiation, and morphology requires hlh-3 function. Finally, we conclude that hlh-3 cell-autonomously specifies VC cell fate.
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Caldwell KA, Willicott CW, Caldwell GA. Modeling neurodegeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:13/10/dmm046110. [PMID: 33106318 PMCID: PMC7648605 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.046110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The global burden of neurodegenerative diseases underscores the urgent need for innovative strategies to define new drug targets and disease-modifying factors. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has served as the experimental subject for multiple transformative discoveries that have redefined our understanding of biology for ∼60 years. More recently, the considerable attributes of C. elegans have been applied to neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. Transgenic nematodes with genes encoding normal and disease variants of proteins at the single- or multi-copy level under neuronal-specific promoters limits expression to select neuronal subtypes. The anatomical transparency of C. elegans affords the use of co-expressed fluorescent proteins to follow the progression of neurodegeneration as the animals age. Significantly, a completely defined connectome facilitates detailed understanding of the impact of neurodegeneration on organismal health and offers a unique capacity to accurately link cell death with behavioral dysfunction or phenotypic variation in vivo. Moreover, chemical treatments, as well as forward and reverse genetic screening, hasten the identification of modifiers that alter neurodegeneration. When combined, these chemical-genetic analyses establish critical threshold states to enhance or reduce cellular stress for dissecting associated pathways. Furthermore, C. elegans can rapidly reveal whether lifespan or healthspan factor into neurodegenerative processes. Here, we outline the methodologies employed to investigate neurodegeneration in C. elegans and highlight numerous studies that exemplify its utility as a pre-clinical intermediary to expedite and inform mammalian translational research. Summary: While unsurpassed as an experimental system for fundamental biology, Caenorhabditis elegans remains undervalued for its translational potential. Here, we highlight significant outcomes from, and resources available for, C. elegans-based research into neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim A Caldwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA .,Departments of Neurobiology, Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, and Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in the Basic Biology of Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Corey W Willicott
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Guy A Caldwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.,Departments of Neurobiology, Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, and Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in the Basic Biology of Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Park J, Lee JH, Lee Y, Lee D, Kim MJ, Choe KM. Necrotic cell death induces melanotic mass formation in Drosophila. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 526:1106-1111. [PMID: 32312516 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The immune system protects its host from not only invading parasites and parasitoids, but also altered self tissue, including dying cells. Necrotic cells are strongly immunogenic, but in Drosophila this has not been directly addressed, due partially to the fact that knowledge about necrosis in Drosophila currently lags behind that for other models. Upon the loss of cell matrix attachment, endocycling polyploid tissues of the Drosophila larva undergo autophagy instead of apoptosis; we employed this system as a model to examine cell death modalities and immunity. Here, we report that larval fat body cells depleted of integrin undergo not only autophagy, but also necrotic cell death, and that a blockade of reaper, grim, hid, or the downstream caspases enhances necrosis. These cells elicit melanotic mass formation, an autoimmune-like response. We also show that necrosis is the main cause of melanotic mass formation in these anchorage-depleted polyploid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- JinYoung Park
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Youngbin Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Donghoon Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Moon Jong Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Min Choe
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
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Sensory cilia as the Achilles heel of nematodes when attacked by carnivorous mushrooms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:6014-6022. [PMID: 32123065 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1918473117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal predatory behavior on nematodes has evolved independently in all major fungal lineages. The basidiomycete oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus is a carnivorous fungus that preys on nematodes to supplement its nitrogen intake under nutrient-limiting conditions. Its hyphae can paralyze nematodes within a few minutes of contact, but the mechanism had remained unclear. We demonstrate that the predator-prey relationship is highly conserved between multiple Pleurotus species and a diversity of nematodes. To further investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying rapid nematode paralysis, we conducted genetic screens in Caenorhabditis elegans and isolated mutants that became resistant to P. ostreatus We found that paralysis-resistant mutants all harbored loss-of-function mutations in genes required for ciliogenesis, demonstrating that the fungus induced paralysis via the cilia of nematode sensory neurons. Furthermore, we observed that P. ostreatus caused excess calcium influx and hypercontraction of the head and pharyngeal muscle cells, ultimately resulting in rapid necrosis of the entire nervous system and muscle cells throughout the entire organism. This cilia-dependent predatory mechanism is evolutionarily conserved in Pristionchus pacificus, a nematode species estimated to have diverged from C. elegans 280 to 430 million y ago. Thus, P. ostreatus exploits a nematode-killing mechanism that is distinct from widely used anthelmintic drugs such as ivermectin, levamisole, and aldicarb, representing a potential route for targeting parasitic nematodes in plants, animals, and humans.
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Urrutia A, García-Angulo VA, Fuentes A, Caneo M, Legüe M, Urquiza S, Delgado SE, Ugalde J, Burdisso P, Calixto A. Bacterially produced metabolites protect C. elegans neurons from degeneration. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000638. [PMID: 32208418 PMCID: PMC7092960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans and its cognate bacterial diet comprise a reliable, widespread model to study diet and microbiota effects on host physiology. Nonetheless, how diet influences the rate at which neurons die remains largely unknown. A number of models have been used in C. elegans as surrogates for neurodegeneration. One of these is a C. elegans strain expressing a neurotoxic allele of the mechanosensory abnormality protein 4 (MEC-4d) degenerin/epithelial Na+ (DEG/ENaC) channel, which causes the progressive degeneration of the touch receptor neurons (TRNs). Using this model, our study evaluated the effect of various dietary bacteria on neurodegeneration dynamics. Although degeneration of TRNs was steady and completed at adulthood in the strain routinely used for C. elegans maintenance (Escherichia coli OP50), it was significantly reduced in environmental and other laboratory bacterial strains. Strikingly, neuroprotection reached more than 40% in the E. coli HT115 strain. HT115 protection was long lasting well into old age of animals and was not restricted to the TRNs. Small amounts of HT115 on OP50 bacteria as well as UV-killed HT115 were still sufficient to produce neuroprotection. Early growth of worms in HT115 protected neurons from degeneration during later growth in OP50. HT115 diet promoted the nuclear translocation of DAF-16 (ortholog of the FOXO family of transcription factors), a phenomenon previously reported to underlie neuroprotection caused by down-regulation of the insulin receptor in this system. Moreover, a daf-16 loss-of-function mutation abolishes HT115-driven neuroprotection. Comparative genomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics approaches pinpointed the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and lactate as metabolites differentially produced between E. coli HT115 and OP50. HT115 mutant lacking glutamate decarboxylase enzyme genes (gad), which catalyze the conversion of GABA from glutamate, lost the ability to produce GABA and also to stop neurodegeneration. Moreover, in situ GABA supplementation or heterologous expression of glutamate decarboxylase in E. coli OP50 conferred neuroprotective activity to this strain. Specific C. elegans GABA transporters and receptors were required for full HT115-mediated neuroprotection. Additionally, lactate supplementation also increased anterior ventral microtubule (AVM) neuron survival in OP50. Together, these results demonstrate that bacterially produced GABA and other metabolites exert an effect of neuroprotection in the host, highlighting the role of neuroactive compounds of the diet in nervous system homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arles Urrutia
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Víctor A. García-Angulo
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Andrés Fuentes
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Mauricio Caneo
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Marcela Legüe
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Sebastián Urquiza
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Scarlett E. Delgado
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Juan Ugalde
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Paula Burdisso
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario and Plataforma Argentina de Biología Estructural y Metabolómica (PLABEM), Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Andrea Calixto
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago de Chile, Chile
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Alvarez J, Alvarez-Illera P, García-Casas P, Fonteriz RI, Montero M. The Role of Ca 2+ Signaling in Aging and Neurodegeneration: Insights from Caenorhabditis elegans Models. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010204. [PMID: 31947609 PMCID: PMC7016793 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ is a ubiquitous second messenger that plays an essential role in physiological processes such as muscle contraction, neuronal secretion, and cell proliferation or differentiation. There is ample evidence that the dysregulation of Ca2+ signaling is one of the key events in the development of neurodegenerative processes, an idea called the "calcium hypothesis" of neurodegeneration. Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is a very good model for the study of aging and neurodegeneration. In fact, many of the signaling pathways involved in longevity were first discovered in this nematode, and many models of neurodegenerative diseases have also been developed therein, either through mutations in the worm genome or by expressing human proteins involved in neurodegeneration (β-amyloid, α-synuclein, polyglutamine, or others) in defined worm tissues. The worm is completely transparent throughout its whole life, which makes it possible to carry out Ca2+ dynamics studies in vivo at any time, by expressing Ca2+ fluorescent probes in defined worm tissues, and even in specific organelles such as mitochondria. This review will summarize the evidence obtained using this model organism to understand the role of Ca2+ signaling in aging and neurodegeneration.
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Ashkavand Z, Sarasija S, Ryan KC, Laboy JT, Norman KR. Corrupted ER-mitochondrial calcium homeostasis promotes the collapse of proteostasis. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13065. [PMID: 31714672 PMCID: PMC6974732 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging and age-related diseases are associated with a decline of protein homeostasis (proteostasis), but the mechanisms underlying this decline are not clear. In particular, decreased proteostasis is a widespread molecular feature of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Familial AD is largely caused by mutations in the presenilin encoding genes; however, their role in AD is not understood. In this study, we investigate the role of presenilins in proteostasis using the model system Caenorhabditis elegans. Previously, we found that mutations in C. elegans presenilin cause elevated ER to mitochondria calcium signaling, which leads to an increase in mitochondrial generated oxidative stress. This, in turn, promotes neurodegeneration. To understand the cellular mechanisms driving neurodegeneration, using several molecular readouts of protein stability in C. elegans, we find that presenilin mutants have widespread defects in proteostasis. Markedly, we demonstrate that these defects are independent of the protease activity of presenilin and that reduction in ER to mitochondrial calcium signaling can significantly prevent the proteostasis defects observed in presenilin mutants. Furthermore, we show that supplementing presenilin mutants with antioxidants suppresses the proteostasis defects. Our findings indicate that defective ER to mitochondria calcium signaling promotes proteostatic collapse in presenilin mutants by increasing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ashkavand
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell BiologyAlbany Medical CollegeAlbanyNYUSA
| | - Shaarika Sarasija
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell BiologyAlbany Medical CollegeAlbanyNYUSA
| | - Kerry C. Ryan
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell BiologyAlbany Medical CollegeAlbanyNYUSA
| | - Jocelyn T. Laboy
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell BiologyAlbany Medical CollegeAlbanyNYUSA
| | - Kenneth R. Norman
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell BiologyAlbany Medical CollegeAlbanyNYUSA
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29
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Zhang J, Liu D, Zhang M, Zhang Y. Programmed necrosis in cardiomyocytes: mitochondria, death receptors and beyond. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:4319-4339. [PMID: 29774530 PMCID: PMC6887687 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive death of cardiac myocytes leads to many cardiac diseases, including myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, heart failure and sudden cardiac death. For the last several decades, most work on cell death has focused on apoptosis, which is generally considered as the only form of regulated cell death, whereas necrosis has been regarded to be an unregulated process. Recent findings reveal that necrosis also occurs in a regulated manner and that it is closely related to the physiology and pathophysiology of many organs, including the heart. The recognition of necrosis as a regulated process mandates a re-examination of cell death in the heart together with the mechanisms and therapy of cardiac diseases. In this study, we summarize the regulatory mechanisms of the programmed necrosis of cardiomyocytes, that is, the intrinsic (mitochondrial) and extrinsic (death receptor) pathways. Furthermore, the role of this programmed necrosis in various heart diseases is also delineated. Finally, we describe the currently known pharmacological inhibitors of several of the key regulatory molecules of regulated cell necrosis and the opportunities for their therapeutic use in cardiac disease. We intend to systemically summarize the recent progresses in the regulation and pathological significance of programmed cardiomyocyte necrosis along with its potential therapeutic applications to cardiac diseases. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Mitochondrial Pharmacology: Featured Mechanisms and Approaches for Therapy Translation. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.22/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular MedicinePeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Dairu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular MedicinePeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Mao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular MedicinePeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular MedicinePeking UniversityBeijingChina
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30
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Del Re DP, Amgalan D, Linkermann A, Liu Q, Kitsis RN. Fundamental Mechanisms of Regulated Cell Death and Implications for Heart Disease. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1765-1817. [PMID: 31364924 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00022.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 530] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Twelve regulated cell death programs have been described. We review in detail the basic biology of nine including death receptor-mediated apoptosis, death receptor-mediated necrosis (necroptosis), mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis, mitochondrial-mediated necrosis, autophagy-dependent cell death, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, parthanatos, and immunogenic cell death. This is followed by a dissection of the roles of these cell death programs in the major cardiac syndromes: myocardial infarction and heart failure. The most important conclusion relevant to heart disease is that regulated forms of cardiomyocyte death play important roles in both myocardial infarction with reperfusion (ischemia/reperfusion) and heart failure. While a role for apoptosis in ischemia/reperfusion cannot be excluded, regulated forms of necrosis, through both death receptor and mitochondrial pathways, are critical. Ferroptosis and parthanatos are also likely important in ischemia/reperfusion, although it is unclear if these entities are functioning as independent death programs or as amplification mechanisms for necrotic cell death. Pyroptosis may also contribute to ischemia/reperfusion injury, but potentially through effects in non-cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocyte loss through apoptosis and necrosis is also an important component in the pathogenesis of heart failure and is mediated by both death receptor and mitochondrial signaling. Roles for immunogenic cell death in cardiac disease remain to be defined but merit study in this era of immune checkpoint cancer therapy. Biology-based approaches to inhibit cell death in the various cardiac syndromes are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic P Del Re
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, and Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey; Department of Internal Medicine 3, Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Dulguun Amgalan
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, and Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey; Department of Internal Medicine 3, Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Andreas Linkermann
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, and Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey; Department of Internal Medicine 3, Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Qinghang Liu
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, and Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey; Department of Internal Medicine 3, Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Richard N Kitsis
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, and Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey; Department of Internal Medicine 3, Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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31
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Caneo M, Julian V, Byrne AB, Alkema MJ, Calixto A. Diapause induces functional axonal regeneration after necrotic insult in C. elegans. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1007863. [PMID: 30640919 PMCID: PMC6347329 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many neurons are unable to regenerate after damage. The ability to regenerate after an insult depends on life stage, neuronal subtype, intrinsic and extrinsic factors. C. elegans is a powerful model to test the genetic and environmental factors that affect axonal regeneration after damage, since its axons can regenerate after neuronal insult. Here we demonstrate that diapause promotes the complete morphological regeneration of truncated touch receptor neuron (TRN) axons expressing a neurotoxic MEC-4(d) DEG/ENaC channel. Truncated axons of different lengths were repaired during diapause and we observed potent axonal regrowth from somas alone. Complete morphological regeneration depends on DLK-1 but neuronal sprouting and outgrowth is DLK-1 independent. We show that TRN regeneration is fully functional since animals regain their ability to respond to mechanical stimulation. Thus, diapause induced regeneration provides a simple model of complete axonal regeneration which will greatly facilitate the study of environmental and genetic factors affecting the rate at which neurons die.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Caneo
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Victoria Julian
- Neurobiology Department, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
| | - Alexandra B. Byrne
- Neurobiology Department, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
| | - Mark J. Alkema
- Neurobiology Department, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
| | - Andrea Calixto
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile
- * E-mail: ,
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Young LEA, Shoben C, Ricci K, Williams DC. Genetic analysis of KillerRed in C. elegans identifies a shared role of calcium genes in ROS-mediated neurodegeneration. J Neurogenet 2018; 33:1-9. [PMID: 30489172 DOI: 10.1080/01677063.2018.1531857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In C. elegans, neurodegeneration induced by excitotoxicity or aggregation of misfolded proteins is dependent on genes involved in calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can also induce neurodegeneration, but the relationship between ROS-mediated neurodegeneration and calcium has not been established. We activated KillerRed in the GABA neurons of C. elegans to produce ROS that leads to functional loss and structural degeneration of these neurons and demonstrated that the severity of neurodegeneration was dependent on extent of KillerRed activation. To genetically examine the role of calcium in ROS-mediated neurodegeneration, we measured functional neurodegeneration in itr-1 (inositol trisphosphate receptor), crt-1 (caltreticulin), and unc-68 (ryanodine receptor) mutants. Similar to other neurotoxic conditions, neurodegeneration triggered by KillerRed was reduced in itr-1 and crt-1 mutants. Somewhat unexpectedly, genetic or pharmacological disruption of unc-68 had a minimal effect on neurodegeneration. Our results indicate ROS-mediated neurodegeneration occurs through a conserved calcium regulated mechanism and suggest that components of the degeneration process have different sensitivities to ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsay E A Young
- a Department of Biology , Coastal Carolina University , Conway , SC , USA
| | - Chelsea Shoben
- a Department of Biology , Coastal Carolina University , Conway , SC , USA
| | - Kyra Ricci
- a Department of Biology , Coastal Carolina University , Conway , SC , USA
| | - Daniel C Williams
- a Department of Biology , Coastal Carolina University , Conway , SC , USA
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33
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Yeast molecular chaperone gene SSB2 is involved in the endoplasmic reticulum stress response. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2018; 112:589-598. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-018-1189-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Li J, Chotiko A, Chouljenko A, Gao C, Zheng J, Sathivel S. Delivery of alpha-tocopherol through soluble dietary fibre-based nanofibres for improving the life span of Caenorhabditis elegans. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2018; 70:172-181. [PMID: 30015538 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2018.1489785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The effect of alpha-tocopherol (α-TOC) delivered by soluble dietary fibre-based nanofibres (α-TOC-SDNF) on the life span of nematode Caenorhabditis elegans N2 (wild type) and TK22 (mev-1 mutants) with and without heat shock was investigated. Without heat shock, the wild-type and mev-1 mutants maintained in the 100 µg/mL of α-TOC-SDNF had longer life spans than their respective blank control groups. With heat shock, the wild-type N2 in the 200 µg/mL of α-TOC-SDNF had a survival rate of 5% at day 49, while no nematodes survived in the blank control group. An increased pharyngeal pumping rate was observed in the α-TOC-SDNF treated mev-1 mutants worms compared to the blank control group. Encapsulating α-TOC in SDNF yielded protective effects and the life span and pumping rate of C. elegans was increased with α-TOC delivered by SDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- a School of Nutrition and Food Sciences , Louisiana State University Agricultural Center , Baton Rouge , LA , USA
| | - Arranee Chotiko
- b Faculty of Science and Technology , Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi , Pathum Thani , Thailand
| | - Alexander Chouljenko
- a School of Nutrition and Food Sciences , Louisiana State University Agricultural Center , Baton Rouge , LA , USA
| | - Chenfei Gao
- a School of Nutrition and Food Sciences , Louisiana State University Agricultural Center , Baton Rouge , LA , USA
| | - Jolene Zheng
- c Bioactive Screening Lab Pennington Biomedical Research Center, LSU System , Baton Rouge , LA , USA
| | - Subramaniam Sathivel
- a School of Nutrition and Food Sciences , Louisiana State University Agricultural Center , Baton Rouge , LA , USA.,d Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering , Louisiana State University Agricultural Center , Baton Rouge , LA , USA
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35
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Sarasija S, Laboy JT, Ashkavand Z, Bonner J, Tang Y, Norman KR. Presenilin mutations deregulate mitochondrial Ca 2+ homeostasis and metabolic activity causing neurodegeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans. eLife 2018; 7:33052. [PMID: 29989545 PMCID: PMC6075864 DOI: 10.7554/elife.33052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and subsequent metabolic deregulation is observed in neurodegenerative diseases and aging. Mutations in the presenilin (PSEN) encoding genes (PSEN1 and PSEN2) cause most cases of familial Alzheimer’s disease (AD); however, the underlying mechanism of pathogenesis remains unclear. Here, we show that mutations in the C. elegans gene encoding a PSEN homolog, sel-12 result in mitochondrial metabolic defects that promote neurodegeneration as a result of oxidative stress. In sel-12 mutants, elevated endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling leads to an increase in mitochondrial Ca2+ content which stimulates mitochondrial respiration resulting in an increase in mitochondrial superoxide production. By reducing ER Ca2+ release, mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake or mitochondrial superoxides in sel-12 mutants, we demonstrate rescue of the mitochondrial metabolic defects and prevent neurodegeneration. These data suggest that mutations in PSEN alter mitochondrial metabolic function via ER to mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling and provide insight for alternative targets for treating neurodegenerative diseases. Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia. A hallmark of this condition is progressive loss of memory, accompanied by a buildup of hard clumps of protein between the brain cells. These protein clumps, known as amyloid plaques, are a key focus of research into Alzheimer's disease. They are likely to be toxic to brain cells, but their role in the development and progression of the disease is not yet known. Though the cause of Alzheimer's disease remains unclear, an inherited form of the disease may hold some clues. Mutations in genes for proteins called presenilins cause an earlier onset form of Alzheimer's disease, in which symptoms can develop in people who are in their 40s or 50s. The presenilin proteins appear in a cell structure called the endoplasmic reticulum, which plays many roles in the normal activities of a cell. Among other things, this structure stores and releases calcium ions, and cells use these ions to send and process many signals. The cell's energy-producing powerhouses, the mitochondria, use calcium to boost their metabolic activity. This allows them to make more energy for the cell, but in the process they also make damaging byproducts. These byproducts include oxygen-containing chemicals, known as reactive oxygen species (ROS), which react strongly with other molecules. While low levels of ROS are a normal part of cell activity, if the levels get too high, these chemicals can attack and damage structures within the cell. Untangling the effects of amyloid plaques and presenilins on brain cells in humans is challenging. But, a nematode worm called Caenorhabditis elegans does not form plaques, making it possible to look at presenilins on their own. Previous work in these worms has shown that presenilin mutations affect the endoplasmic reticulum and change the appearance of mitochondria. Here, Sarasija et al. extend this work to find out more about the effects presenilin mutations have on living cells. Presenilin mutations in young adult worms increased the amount of calcium released by the endoplasmic reticulum. This increased the activity of the mitochondria and caused ROS levels to rise to damaging levels. This caused stress inside the cells, and the worms started to show early signs damage to their nervous systems. Mutations that decreased the movement of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum to the mitochondria helped to prevent the damage. Treating the mitochondria with antioxidants to mop up the extra ROS also protected the cells. This kind of damage to brain cells did not depend on amyloid plaques. Whilst the plaques are likely to be toxic, these new findings highlights the role that other chemical and biological processes might play in Alzheimer's disease. Further work to reveal the underlying cause of Alzheimer's disease may lead to new therapies to treat this condition in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaarika Sarasija
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, United States
| | - Jocelyn T Laboy
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, United States
| | - Zahra Ashkavand
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, United States
| | - Jennifer Bonner
- Department of Biology, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, United States
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, United States
| | - Kenneth R Norman
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, United States
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Choudhary B, Mandelkow E, Mandelkow EM, Pir GJ. Glutamatergic nervous system degeneration in a C. elegans Tau A152T tauopathy model involves pathways of excitotoxicity and Ca 2+ dysregulation. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 117:189-202. [PMID: 29894752 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding Tau (MAPT-microtubule-associated protein tau) cause a group of neurodegenerative diseases called tauopathies. A recently identified Tau variant, p.A152T, has been reported as a risk factor for frontotemporal dementia-related disorders and Alzheimer disease. However, the mechanism for the pathologies still remain poorly understood. Transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans expressing mutant 2N4R-TauA152T (TauAT) panneuronally show locomotor defects, neurodegeneration and accelerated aging. Here we report that, in TauAT animals, the glutamatergic nervous system is at a high risk of progressive neuronal loss. We present genetic data that this loss occurs predominantly through necrosis. The neuronal loss is caused by several determinants, such as altered adenylyl cyclase (type AC9) pathway, prevalence of excitotoxicity-like conditions, aging-related factors and finally dyshomeostasis of intracellular calcium (Ca2+). The study provides novel insights into the mechanisms involved in selective loss of glutamatergic neurons in a TauAT tauopathy model which could point to new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Choudhary
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Sigmund-Freud St. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Hamburg Outstation, c/o DESY, Notkestrsse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Eckhard Mandelkow
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Sigmund-Freud St. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Caesar Research Center, Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, 53175 Bonn, Germany; Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Hamburg Outstation, c/o DESY, Notkestrsse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Eva-Maria Mandelkow
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Sigmund-Freud St. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Caesar Research Center, Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, 53175 Bonn, Germany; Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Hamburg Outstation, c/o DESY, Notkestrsse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Ghulam Jeelani Pir
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Sigmund-Freud St. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Hamburg Outstation, c/o DESY, Notkestrsse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
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Gibson CL, Balbona JT, Niedzwiecki A, Rodriguez P, Nguyen KCQ, Hall DH, Blakely RD. Glial loss of the metallo β-lactamase domain containing protein, SWIP-10, induces age- and glutamate-signaling dependent, dopamine neuron degeneration. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007269. [PMID: 29590100 PMCID: PMC5891035 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Across phylogeny, glutamate (Glu) signaling plays a critical role in regulating neural excitability, thus supporting many complex behaviors. Perturbed synaptic and extrasynaptic Glu homeostasis in the human brain has been implicated in multiple neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease, where theories suggest that excitotoxic insults may accelerate a naturally occurring process of dopamine (DA) neuron degeneration. In C. elegans, mutation of the glial expressed gene, swip-10, results in Glu-dependent DA neuron hyperexcitation that leads to elevated DA release, triggering DA signaling-dependent motor paralysis. Here, we demonstrate that swip-10 mutations induce premature and progressive DA neuron degeneration, with light and electron microscopy studies demonstrating the presence of dystrophic dendritic processes, as well as shrunken and/or missing cell soma. As with paralysis, DA neuron degeneration in swip-10 mutants is rescued by glial-specific, but not DA neuron-specific expression of wildtype swip-10, consistent with a cell non-autonomous mechanism. Genetic studies implicate the vesicular Glu transporter VGLU-3 and the cystine/Glu exchanger homolog AAT-1 as potential sources of Glu signaling supporting DA neuron degeneration. Degeneration can be significantly suppressed by mutations in the Ca2+ permeable Glu receptors, nmr-2 and glr-1, in genes that support intracellular Ca2+ signaling and Ca2+-dependent proteolysis, as well as genes involved in apoptotic cell death. Our studies suggest that Glu stimulation of nematode DA neurons in early larval stages, without the protective actions of SWIP-10, contributes to insults that ultimately drive DA neuron degeneration. The swip-10 model may provide an efficient platform for the identification of molecular mechanisms that enhance risk for Parkinson's disease and/or the identification of agents that can limit neurodegenerative disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea L. Gibson
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States of America
| | - Joseph T. Balbona
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Ashlin Niedzwiecki
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Peter Rodriguez
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States of America
| | - Ken C. Q. Nguyen
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - David H. Hall
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Randy D. Blakely
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- The Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Xu T, Ding W, Tariq MA, Wang Y, Wan Q, Li M, Wang J. Molecular mechanism and therapy application of necrosis during myocardial injury. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:2547-2557. [PMID: 29493109 PMCID: PMC5908099 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Necrosis is an ancient topic which gains new attraction in the research area these years. There is no doubt that some necrosis can be regulated by genetic manipulation other than an accidental cell death resulting from physical or chemical stimuli. Recent advances in the molecular mechanism underlying the programmed necrosis show a fine regulation network which indicates new therapy targets in human diseases. Heart diseases seriously endanger our health and have high fatality rates in the patients. Cell death of cardiac myocytes is believed to be critical in the pathogenesis of heart diseases. Although necrosis is likely to play a more important role in cardiac cell death than apoptosis, apoptosis has been paid much attention in the past 30 years because it used to be considered as the only form of programmed cell death. However, recent findings of programmed necrosis and the related signalling pathways have broadened our horizon in the field of programmed cell death and promote new pharmacological application in the treatment of heart diseases. In this review, we summarize the advanced progress in these signalling pathways and discuss the pathos-physiological relevance and therapeutic implication of targeting necrosis in heart diseases treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xu
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Ding
- Department of comprehensive internal medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Muhammad Akram Tariq
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qinggong Wan
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengyang Li
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianxun Wang
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Lee RHC, Lee MHH, Wu CYC, Couto e Silva A, Possoit HE, Hsieh TH, Minagar A, Lin HW. Cerebral ischemia and neuroregeneration. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:373-385. [PMID: 29623912 PMCID: PMC5900490 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.228711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although stroke (a form of cerebral ischemia)-related costs are expected to reach 240.67 billion dollars by 2030, options for treatment against cerebral ischemia/stroke are limited. All therapies except anti-thrombolytics (i.e., tissue plasminogen activator) and hypothermia have failed to reduce neuronal injury, neurological deficits, and mortality rates following cerebral ischemia, which suggests that development of novel therapies against stroke/cerebral ischemia are urgently needed. Here, we discuss the possible mechanism(s) underlying cerebral ischemia-induced brain injury, as well as current and future novel therapies (i.e., growth factors, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, melatonin, resveratrol, protein kinase C isozymes, pifithrin, hypothermia, fatty acids, sympathoplegic drugs, and stem cells) as it relates to cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reggie H. C. Lee
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Center for Brain Health, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Michelle H. H. Lee
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, China
| | - Celeste Y. C. Wu
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Center for Brain Health, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Alexandre Couto e Silva
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Harlee E. Possoit
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Center for Brain Health, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Tsung-Han Hsieh
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Center for Brain Health, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Alireza Minagar
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Hung Wen Lin
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Center for Brain Health, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Cardiovascular and Metabolomics Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, China
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Offenburger SL, Jongsma E, Gartner A. Mutations in Caenorhabditis elegans neuroligin-like glit-1, the apoptosis pathway and the calcium chaperone crt-1 increase dopaminergic neurodegeneration after 6-OHDA treatment. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007106. [PMID: 29346364 PMCID: PMC5773152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of dopaminergic neurons is a hallmark of Parkinson’s disease, the aetiology of which is associated with increased levels of oxidative stress. We used C. elegans to screen for genes that protect dopaminergic neurons against oxidative stress and isolated glit-1 (gliotactin (Drosophila neuroligin-like) homologue). Loss of the C. elegans neuroligin-like glit-1 causes increased dopaminergic neurodegeneration after treatment with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), an oxidative-stress inducing drug that is specifically taken up into dopaminergic neurons. Furthermore, glit-1 mutants exhibit increased sensitivity to oxidative stress induced by H2O2 and paraquat. We provide evidence that GLIT-1 acts in the same genetic pathway as the previously identified tetraspanin TSP-17. After exposure to 6-OHDA and paraquat, glit-1 and tsp-17 mutants show almost identical, non-additive hypersensitivity phenotypes and exhibit highly increased induction of oxidative stress reporters. TSP-17 and GLIT-1 are both expressed in dopaminergic neurons. In addition, the neuroligin-like GLIT-1 is expressed in pharynx, intestine and several unidentified cells in the head. GLIT-1 is homologous, but not orthologous to neuroligins, transmembrane proteins required for the function of synapses. The Drosophila GLIT-1 homologue Gliotactin in contrast is required for epithelial junction formation. We report that GLIT-1 likely acts in multiple tissues to protect against 6-OHDA, and that the epithelial barrier of C. elegans glit-1 mutants does not appear to be compromised. We further describe that hyperactivation of the SKN-1 oxidative stress response pathway alleviates 6-OHDA-induced neurodegeneration. In addition, we find that mutations in the canonical apoptosis pathway and the calcium chaperone crt-1 cause increased 6-OHDA-induced dopaminergic neuron loss. In summary, we report that the neuroligin-like GLIT-1, the canonical apoptosis pathway and the calreticulin CRT-1 are required to prevent 6-OHDA-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Neurons use dopamine as a chemical messenger to mediate diverse behaviours. The gradual loss of dopaminergic neurons in specific brain areas is a hallmark of Parkinson’s disease. The increased occurrence of highly reactive oxygen radicals, also called oxidative stress, is assumed to contribute to the demise of dopaminergic neurons. In this study, we searched for genes that protect dopaminergic neurons against oxidative stress. We used the nematode C. elegans, a well-characterised model organism whose dopamine signalling system is very similar to that of humans. When C. elegans is exposed to 6-hydroxydopamine, an oxidative stress-inducing compound, dopaminergic neurons gradually die. Our major findings include: (i) absence of the neuroligin-like gene glit-1 causes highly increased cell death of dopaminergic neurons after 6-OHDA exposure; (ii) GLIT-1 acts in a similar manner as the previously identified tetraspanin TSP-17; (iii) GLIT-1 and TSP-17 also protect C. elegans from other types of oxidative stress; and (iv) the programmed cell death pathway and a calcium chaperone protect dopaminergic neurons as well. Collectively, this study shows that apoptosis proteins, the calcium chaperone CRT-1 and the neuroligin-like GLIT-1 protect against neurodegeneration after oxidative stress exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisabeth Jongsma
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Anton Gartner
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Dysregulation of the Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response Induces Non-Apoptotic Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration in C. elegans Models of Parkinson's Disease. J Neurosci 2017; 37:11085-11100. [PMID: 29030433 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1294-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to environmental insult or innate genetic deficiency, protein folding environments of the mitochondrial matrix are prone to dysregulation, prompting the activation of a specific organellar stress-response mechanism, the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRMT). In Caenorhabditis elegans, mitochondrial damage leads to nuclear translocation of the ATFS-1 transcription factor to activate the UPRMT After short-term acute stress has been mitigated, the UPRMT is eventually suppressed to restore homeostasis to C. elegans hermaphrodites. In contrast, and reflective of the more chronic nature of progressive neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD), here, we report the consequences of prolonged, cell-autonomous activation of the UPRMT in C. elegans dopaminergic neurons. We reveal that neuronal function and integrity decline rapidly with age, culminating in activity-dependent, non-apoptotic cell death. In a PD-like context wherein transgenic nematodes express the Lewy body constituent protein α-synuclein (αS), we not only find that this protein and its PD-associated disease variants have the capacity to induce the UPRMT, but also that coexpression of αS and ATFS-1-associated dysregulation of the UPRMT synergistically potentiate dopaminergic neurotoxicity. This genetic interaction is in parallel to mitophagic pathways dependent on the C. elegans PINK1 homolog, which is necessary for cellular resistance to chronic malfunction of the UPRMT Given the increasingly recognized role of mitochondrial quality control in neurodegenerative diseases, these studies illustrate, for the first time, an insidious aspect of mitochondrial signaling in which the UPRMT pathway, under disease-associated, context-specific dysregulation, exacerbates disruption of dopaminergic neurons in vivo, resulting in the neurodegeneration characteristic of PD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Disruptions or alterations in the activation of pathways that regulate mitochondrial quality control have been linked to neurodegenerative diseases due in part to the central role of mitochondria in metabolism, ROS regulation, and proteostasis. The extent to which these pathways, including the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRMT) and mitophagy, are active may predict severity and progression of these disorders, as well as sensitivity to compounding stressors. Furthermore, therapeutic strategies that aim to induce these pathways may benefit from increased study into cellular responses that arise from long-term or ectopic stimulation, especially in neuronal compartments. By demonstrating the detrimental consequences of prolonged cellular activation of the UPRMT, we provide evidence that this pathway is not a universally beneficial mechanism because dysregulation has neurotoxic consequences.
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Sangaletti R, D’Amico M, Grant J, Della-Morte D, Bianchi L. Knock-out of a mitochondrial sirtuin protects neurons from degeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006965. [PMID: 28820880 PMCID: PMC5576752 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are NAD⁺-dependent deacetylases, lipoamidases, and ADP-ribosyltransferases that link cellular metabolism to multiple intracellular pathways that influence processes as diverse as cell survival, longevity, and cancer growth. Sirtuins influence the extent of neuronal death in stroke. However, different sirtuins appear to have opposite roles in neuronal protection. In Caenorhabditis elegans, we found that knock-out of mitochondrial sirtuin sir-2.3, homologous to mammalian SIRT4, is protective in both chemical ischemia and hyperactive channel induced necrosis. Furthermore, the protective effect of sir-2.3 knock-out is enhanced by block of glycolysis and eliminated by a null mutation in daf-16/FOXO transcription factor, supporting the involvement of the insulin/IGF pathway. However, data in Caenorhabditis elegans cell culture suggest that the effects of sir-2.3 knock-out act downstream of the DAF-2/IGF-1 receptor. Analysis of ROS in sir-2.3 knock-out reveals that ROS become elevated in this mutant under ischemic conditions in dietary deprivation (DD), but to a lesser extent than in wild type, suggesting more robust activation of a ROS scavenging system in this mutant in the absence of food. This work suggests a deleterious role of SIRT4 during ischemic processes in mammals that must be further investigated and reveals a novel pathway that can be targeted for the design of therapies aimed at protecting neurons from death in ischemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Sangaletti
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Massimo D’Amico
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jeff Grant
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - David Della-Morte
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Bianchi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Chen PL, Chen YW, Ou CC, Lee TM, Wu CJ, Ko WC, Chen CS. A Disease Model of Muscle Necrosis Caused by Aeromonas dhakensis Infection in Caenorhabditis elegans. Front Microbiol 2017; 7:2058. [PMID: 28101079 PMCID: PMC5209350 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.02058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A variety of bacterial infections cause muscle necrosis in humans. Caenorhabditis elegans has epidermis and bands of muscle that resemble soft-tissue structures in mammals and humans. Here, we developed a muscle necrosis model caused by Aeromonas dhakensis infection in C. elegans. Our data showed that A. dhakensis infected and killed C. elegans rapidly. Characteristic muscle damage in C. elegans induced by A. dhakensis was demonstrated in vivo. Relative expression levels of host necrosis-associated genes, asp-3, asp-4, and crt-1 increased significantly after A. dhakensis infection. The RNAi sensitive NL2099 rrf-3 (pk1426) worms with knockdown of necrosis genes of crt-1 and asp-4 by RNAi showed prolonged survival after A. dhakensis infection. Specifically knockdown of crt-1 and asp-4 by RNAi in WM118 worms, which restricted RNAi only to the muscle cells, conferred significant resistance to A. dhakensis infection. In contrast, the severity of muscle damage and toxicity produced by the A. dhakensis hemolysin-deletion mutant is attenuated. In another example, shiga-like toxin-producing enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) known to elicit toxicity to C. elegans with concomitant enteropathogenicty, did not cause muscle necrosis as A. dhakensis did. Taken together, these results show that Aeromonas infection induces muscle necrosis and rapid death of infected C. elegans, which are similar to muscle necrosis in humans, and then validate the value of the C. elegans model with A. dhakensis infection in studying Aeromonas pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Lin Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wei Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chun Ou
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tzer-Min Lee
- Institute of Oral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Jung Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan, Taiwan; National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research InstitutesTainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Shi Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan, Taiwan; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan, Taiwan
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Bano D, Jewell SA, Nicotera P. Calcium signaling then and now, via Stockholm. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 482:384-387. [PMID: 27908727 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.11.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Bano
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Sarah A Jewell
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
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Matthewman C, Miller-Fleming TW, Miller DM, Bianchi L. Ca2+ permeability and Na+ conductance in cellular toxicity caused by hyperactive DEG/ENaC channels. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 311:C920-C930. [PMID: 27760755 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00247.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hyperactivated DEG/ENaC channels cause neuronal death mediated by intracellular Ca2+ overload. Mammalian ASIC1a channels and MEC-4(d) neurotoxic channels in Caenorhabditis elegans both conduct Na+ and Ca2+, raising the possibility that direct Ca2+ influx through these channels contributes to intracellular Ca2+ overload. However, we showed that the homologous C. elegans DEG/ENaC channel UNC-8(d) is not Ca2+ permeable, yet it is neurotoxic, suggesting that Na+ influx is sufficient to induce cell death. Interestingly, UNC-8(d) shows small currents due to extracellular Ca2+ block in the Xenopus oocyte expression system. Thus, MEC-4(d) and UNC-8(d) differ both in current amplitude and Ca2+ permeability. Given that these two channels show a striking difference in toxicity, we wondered how Na+ conductance vs. Ca2+ permeability contributes to cell death. To address this question, we built an UNC-8/MEC-4 chimeric channel that retains the calcium permeability of MEC-4 and characterized its properties in Xenopus oocytes. Our data support the hypothesis that for Ca2+-permeable DEG/ENaC channels, both Ca2+ permeability and Na+ conductance contribute to toxicity. However, for Ca2+-impermeable DEG/ENaCs (e.g., UNC-8), our evidence shows that constitutive Na+ conductance is sufficient to induce toxicity, and that this effect is enhanced as current amplitude increases. Our work further refines the contribution of different channel properties to cellular toxicity induced by hyperactive DEG/ENaC channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Matthewman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,Neuroscience Program, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | | | - David M Miller
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; and.,Neuroscience Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Laura Bianchi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; .,Neuroscience Program, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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Murphy E, Ardehali H, Balaban RS, DiLisa F, Dorn GW, Kitsis RN, Otsu K, Ping P, Rizzuto R, Sack MN, Wallace D, Youle RJ. Mitochondrial Function, Biology, and Role in Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circ Res 2016; 118:1960-91. [PMID: 27126807 PMCID: PMC6398603 DOI: 10.1161/res.0000000000000104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a major leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States and elsewhere. Alterations in mitochondrial function are increasingly being recognized as a contributing factor in myocardial infarction and in patients presenting with cardiomyopathy. Recent understanding of the complex interaction of the mitochondria in regulating metabolism and cell death can provide novel insight and therapeutic targets. The purpose of this statement is to better define the potential role of mitochondria in the genesis of cardiovascular disease such as ischemia and heart failure. To accomplish this, we will define the key mitochondrial processes that play a role in cardiovascular disease that are potential targets for novel therapeutic interventions. This is an exciting time in mitochondrial research. The past decade has provided novel insight into the role of mitochondria function and their importance in complex diseases. This statement will define the key roles that mitochondria play in cardiovascular physiology and disease and provide insight into how mitochondrial defects can contribute to cardiovascular disease; it will also discuss potential biomarkers of mitochondrial disease and suggest potential novel therapeutic approaches.
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Gaffney CJ, Shephard F, Chu J, Baillie DL, Rose A, Constantin-Teodosiu D, Greenhaff PL, Szewczyk NJ. Degenerin channel activation causes caspase-mediated protein degradation and mitochondrial dysfunction in adult C. elegans muscle. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2016; 7:181-92. [PMID: 27493871 PMCID: PMC4864282 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Declines in skeletal muscle structure and function are found in various clinical populations, but the intramuscular proteolytic pathways that govern declines in these individuals remain relatively poorly understood. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been developed into a model for identifying and understanding these pathways. Recently, it was reported that UNC-105/degenerin channel activation produced muscle protein degradation via an unknown mechanism. METHODS Generation of transgenic and double mutant C. elegans, RNAi, and drug treatments were utilized to assess molecular events governing protein degradation. Western blots were used to measure protein content. Cationic dyes and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production assays were utilized to measure mitochondrial function. RESULTS unc-105 gain-of-function mutants display aberrant muscle protein degradation and a movement defect; both are reduced in intragenic revertants and in let-2 mutants that gate the hyperactive UNC-105 channel. Degradation is not suppressed by interventions suppressing proteasome-mediated, autophagy-mediated, or calpain-mediated degradation nor by suppressors of degenerin-induced neurodegeneration. Protein degradation, but not the movement defect, is decreased by treatment with caspase inhibitors or RNAi against ced-3 or ced-4. Adult unc-105 muscles display a time-dependent fragmentation of the mitochondrial reticulum that is associated with impaired mitochondrial membrane potential and that correlates with decreased rates of maximal ATP production. Reduced levels of CED-4, which is sufficient to activate CED-3 in vitro, are observed in unc-105 mitochondrial isolations. CONCLUSIONS Constitutive cationic influx into muscle appears to cause caspase degradation of cytosolic proteins as the result of mitochondrial dysfunction, which may be relevant to ageing and sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Gaffney
- MRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2UH UK
| | - Freya Shephard
- MRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2UH UK
| | - Jeff Chu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Simon Fraser University Burnaby BCV5A 1S6 Canada; Department of Medical Genetics University of British Columbia Vancouver BCV6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - David L Baillie
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Simon Fraser University Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Ann Rose
- Department of Medical Genetics University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Dumitru Constantin-Teodosiu
- MRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2UH UK
| | - Paul L Greenhaff
- MRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2UH UK
| | - Nathaniel J Szewczyk
- MRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2UH UK
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Garcia-Huerta P, Bargsted L, Rivas A, Matus S, Vidal RL. ER chaperones in neurodegenerative disease: Folding and beyond. Brain Res 2016; 1648:580-587. [PMID: 27134034 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Proteins along the secretory pathway are co-translationally translocated into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as unfolded polypeptide chains. Afterwards, they are usually modified with N-linked glycans, correctly folded and stabilized by disulfide bonds. ER chaperones and folding enzymes control these processes. The accumulation of unfolded proteins in the ER activates a signaling response, termed the unfolded protein response (UPR). The hallmark of this response is the coordinated transcriptional up-regulation of ER chaperones and folding enzymes. In order to discuss the importance of the proper folding of certain substrates we will address the role of ER chaperones in normal physiological conditions and examine different aspects of its contribution in neurodegenerative disease. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI:ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Garcia-Huerta
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leslie Bargsted
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis Rivas
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Soledad Matus
- Neurounion Biomedical Foundation, Santiago, Chile; Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; CENPAR, Santiago, Chile; Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Rene L Vidal
- Neurounion Biomedical Foundation, Santiago, Chile; Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; CENPAR, Santiago, Chile; Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile.
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MEC-10 and MEC-19 Reduce the Neurotoxicity of the MEC-4(d) DEG/ENaC Channel in Caenorhabditis elegans. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2016; 6:1121-30. [PMID: 27172609 PMCID: PMC4825646 DOI: 10.1534/g3.115.023507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Caenorhabditis elegans DEG/ENaC proteins MEC-4 and MEC-10 transduce gentle touch in the six touch receptor neurons .
Gain-of-function mutations of mec-4 and mec-4(d) result in a hyperactive channel and
neurodegeneration in vivo. Loss of MEC-6, a putative DEG/ENaC-specific chaperone, and of the similar
protein POML-1 suppresses the neurodegeneration caused by a mec-4(d) mutation. We find that mutation of two genes,
mec-10 and a new gene mec-19 (previously named C49G9.1), prevents this action of POML-1, allowing the touch receptor neurons to die in
poml-1mec-4(d) animals. The proteins encoded by these genes
normally inhibit mec-4(d) neurotoxicity through different mechanisms.
MEC-10, a subunit of the mechanosensory transduction channel with
MEC-4, inhibits MEC-4(d) activity without affecting MEC-4 expression. In contrast, MEC-19, a membrane protein specific to nematodes, inhibits MEC-4(d) activity and reduces MEC-4 surface expression.
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Chen Y, Bharill S, Altun Z, O'Hagan R, Coblitz B, Isacoff EY, Chalfie M. Caenorhabditis elegans paraoxonase-like proteins control the functional expression of DEG/ENaC mechanosensory proteins. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:1272-85. [PMID: 26941331 PMCID: PMC4831881 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-08-0561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
MEC-6 and POML-1 are similar proteins needed for touch sensitivity in Caenorhabditis elegans. These proteins reside primarily in the ER and affect the amount and localization of MEC-4, the DEG/ENaC mechanotransduction channel protein. MEC-6 also accelerates MEC-4 transport to the cell surface in vitro. Thus these proteins appear to act as MEC-4 chaperones. Caenorhabditis elegans senses gentle touch via a mechanotransduction channel formed from the DEG/ENaC proteins MEC-4 and MEC-10. An additional protein, the paraoxonase-like protein MEC-6, is essential for transduction, and previous work suggested that MEC-6 was part of the transduction complex. We found that MEC-6 and a similar protein, POML-1, reside primarily in the endoplasmic reticulum and do not colocalize with MEC-4 on the plasma membrane in vivo. As with MEC-6, POML-1 is needed for touch sensitivity, the neurodegeneration caused by the mec-4(d) mutation, and the expression and distribution of MEC-4 in vivo. Both proteins are likely needed for the proper folding or assembly of MEC-4 channels in vivo as measured by FRET. MEC-6 detectably increases the rate of MEC-4 accumulation on the Xenopus oocyte plasma membrane. These results suggest that MEC-6 and POML-1 interact with MEC-4 to facilitate expression and localization of MEC-4 on the cell surface. Thus MEC-6 and POML-1 act more like chaperones for MEC-4 than channel components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushu Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Shashank Bharill
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Zeynep Altun
- Department of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Robert O'Hagan
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Brian Coblitz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Ehud Y Isacoff
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Martin Chalfie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
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