1
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Wildner F, Neuhäusel TS, Klemz A, Kovács R, Ulmann L, Geiger JRP, Gerevich Z. Extracellular ATP inhibits excitatory synaptic input on parvalbumin positive interneurons and attenuates gamma oscillations via P2X4 receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:1635-1653. [PMID: 38073073 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE P2X4 receptors (P2X4R) are ligand gated cation channels that are activated by extracellular ATP released by neurons and glia. The receptors are widely expressed in the brain and have fractional calcium currents comparable with NMDA receptors. Although P2X4Rs have been reported to modulate synaptic transmission and plasticity, their involvement in shaping neuronal network activity remains to be elucidated. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We investigated the effects of P2X receptors at network and synaptic level using local field potential electrophysiology, whole cell patch clamp recordings and calcium imaging in fast spiking parvalbumin positive interneurons (PVINs) in rat and mouse hippocampal slices. The stable ATP analogue ATPγS, selective antagonists and P2X4R knockout mice were used. KEY RESULTS The P2XR agonist ATPγS reversibly decreased the power of gamma oscillations. This inhibition could be antagonized by the selective P2X4R antagonist PSB-12062 and was not observed in P2X4-/- mice. The phasic excitatory inputs of CA3 PVINs were one of the main regulators of the gamma power. Associational fibre compound excitatory postsynaptic currents (cEPSCs) in CA3 PVINs were inhibited by P2X4R activation. This effect was reversible, dependent on intracellular calcium and dynamin-dependent internalization of AMPA receptors. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The results indicate that P2X4Rs are an important source of dendritic calcium in CA3 PVINs, thereby regulating excitatory synaptic inputs onto the cells and presumably the state of gamma oscillations in the hippocampus. P2X4Rs represent an effective target to modulate hippocampal network activity in pathophysiological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Wildner
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tim S Neuhäusel
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Klemz
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Richard Kovács
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lauriane Ulmann
- IGF, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Jörg R P Geiger
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zoltan Gerevich
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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2
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Spivak L, Someck S, Levi A, Sivroni S, Stark E. Wired together, change together: Spike timing modifies transmission in converging assemblies. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj4411. [PMID: 38232172 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj4411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The precise timing of neuronal spikes may lead to changes in synaptic connectivity and is thought to be crucial for learning and memory. However, the effect of spike timing on neuronal connectivity in the intact brain remains unknown. Using closed-loop optogenetic stimulation in CA1 of freely moving mice, we generated unique spike patterns between presynaptic pyramidal cells (PYRs) and postsynaptic parvalbumin (PV)-immunoreactive cells. The stimulation led to spike transmission changes that occurred together across all presynaptic PYRs connected to the same postsynaptic PV cell. The precise timing of all presynaptic and postsynaptic cell spikes affected transmission changes. These findings reveal an unexpected plasticity mechanism, in which the spike timing of an entire cell assembly has a more substantial impact on effective connectivity than that of individual cell pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidor Spivak
- Sagol School of Neuroscience and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Shirly Someck
- Sagol School of Neuroscience and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Amir Levi
- Sagol School of Neuroscience and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Shir Sivroni
- Sagol School of Neuroscience and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Department of Mathematics, Afeka-Tel Aviv College of Engineering, Tel-Aviv 6910717, Israel
- Department of Mathematics, The Open University of Israel, Ra'anana 4353701, Israel
| | - Eran Stark
- Sagol School of Neuroscience and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Haifa University, Haifa 3103301, Israel
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3
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Fiore F, Alhalaseh K, Dereddi RR, Bodaleo Torres F, Çoban I, Harb A, Agarwal A. Norepinephrine regulates calcium signals and fate of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the mouse cerebral cortex. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8122. [PMID: 38065932 PMCID: PMC10709653 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43920-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) generate oligodendrocytes, contributing to myelination and myelin repair. OPCs contact axons and respond to neuronal activity, but how the information relayed by the neuronal activity translates into OPC Ca2+ signals, which in turn influence their fate, remains unknown. We generated transgenic mice for concomitant monitoring of OPCs Ca2+ signals and cell fate using 2-photon microscopy in the somatosensory cortex of awake-behaving mice. Ca2+ signals in OPCs mainly occur within processes and confine to Ca2+ microdomains. A subpopulation of OPCs enhances Ca2+ transients while mice engaged in exploratory locomotion. We found that OPCs responsive to locomotion preferentially differentiate into oligodendrocytes, and locomotion-non-responsive OPCs divide. Norepinephrine mediates locomotion-evoked Ca2+ increases in OPCs by activating α1 adrenergic receptors, and chemogenetic activation of OPCs or noradrenergic neurons promotes OPC differentiation. Hence, we uncovered that for fate decisions OPCs integrate Ca2+ signals, and norepinephrine is a potent regulator of OPC fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Fiore
- The Chica and Heinz Schaller Research Group, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Khaleel Alhalaseh
- The Chica and Heinz Schaller Research Group, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ram R Dereddi
- The Chica and Heinz Schaller Research Group, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felipe Bodaleo Torres
- The Chica and Heinz Schaller Research Group, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ilknur Çoban
- The Chica and Heinz Schaller Research Group, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ali Harb
- The Chica and Heinz Schaller Research Group, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Amit Agarwal
- The Chica and Heinz Schaller Research Group, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
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4
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Pennock RL, Coddington LT, Yan X, Overstreet-Wadiche L, Wadiche JI. Afferent convergence to a shared population of interneuron AMPA receptors. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3113. [PMID: 37253743 PMCID: PMC10229553 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38854-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Precise alignment of pre- and postsynaptic elements optimizes the activation of glutamate receptors at excitatory synapses. Nonetheless, glutamate that diffuses out of the synaptic cleft can have actions at distant receptors, a mode of transmission called spillover. To uncover the extrasynaptic actions of glutamate, we localized AMPA receptors (AMPARs) mediating spillover transmission between climbing fibers and molecular layer interneurons in the cerebellar cortex. We found that climbing fiber spillover generates calcium transients mediated by Ca2+-permeable AMPARs at parallel fiber synapses. Spillover occludes parallel fiber synaptic currents, indicating that separate, independently regulated afferent pathways converge onto a common pool of AMPARs. Together these findings demonstrate a circuit motif wherein glutamate 'spill-in' from an unconnected afferent pathway co-opts synaptic receptors, allowing activation of postsynaptic AMPARs even when canonical glutamate release is suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reagan L Pennock
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Luke T Coddington
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA, 20147, USA
| | - Xiaohui Yan
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | | | - Jacques I Wadiche
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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5
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Kasai H, Ucar H, Morimoto Y, Eto F, Okazaki H. Mechanical transmission at spine synapses: Short-term potentiation and working memory. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 80:102706. [PMID: 36931116 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Do dendritic spines, which comprise the postsynaptic component of most excitatory synapses, exist only for their structural dynamics, receptor trafficking, and chemical and electrical compartmentation? The answer is no. Simultaneous investigation of both spine and presynaptic terminals has recently revealed a novel feature of spine synapses. Spine enlargement pushes the presynaptic terminals with muscle-like force and augments the evoked glutamate release for up to 20 min. We now summarize the evidence that such mechanical transmission shares critical features in common with short-term potentiation (STP) and may represent the cellular basis of short-term and working memory. Thus, spine synapses produce the force of learning to leave structural traces for both short and long-term memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruo Kasai
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Structural Physiology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hasan Ucar
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Structural Physiology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Morimoto
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Structural Physiology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Eto
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Structural Physiology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Okazaki
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Structural Physiology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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6
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Sharp-wave ripple doublets induce complex dendritic spikes in parvalbumin interneurons in vivo. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6715. [PMID: 36344570 PMCID: PMC9640570 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34520-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal plasticity has been shown to be causally linked to coincidence detection through dendritic spikes (dSpikes). We demonstrate the existence of SPW-R-associated, branch-specific, local dSpikes and their computational role in basal dendrites of hippocampal PV+ interneurons in awake animals. To measure the entire dendritic arbor of long thin dendrites during SPW-Rs, we used fast 3D acousto-optical imaging through an eccentric deep-brain adapter and ipsilateral local field potential recording. The regenerative calcium spike started at variable, NMDA-AMPA-dependent, hot spots and propagated in both direction with a high amplitude beyond a critical distance threshold (~150 µm) involving voltage-gated calcium channels. A supralinear dendritic summation emerged during SPW-R doublets when two successive SPW-R events coincide within a short temporal window (~150 ms), e.g., during more complex association tasks, and generated large dSpikes with an about 2.5-3-fold amplitude increase which propagated down to the soma. Our results suggest that these doublet-associated dSpikes can work as a dendritic-level temporal and spatial coincidence detector during SPW-R-related network computation in awake mice.
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7
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Bose M, Nawaz MS, Pal R, Chattarji S. Stress Elicits Contrasting Effects on Rac1-Cofilin Signaling in the Hippocampus and Amygdala. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:880382. [PMID: 35592113 PMCID: PMC9110925 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.880382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence for contrasting patterns of stress-induced morphological and physiological plasticity in glutamatergic synapses of the hippocampus and amygdala. The same chronic stress that leads to the formation of dendritic spines in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) of rats, leads to a loss of spines in the hippocampus. However, the molecular underpinnings of these divergent effects of stress on dendritic spines are not well understood. Since the activity of the Rho GTPase Rac1 and the actin-depolymerizing factor cofilin are known to play a pivotal role in spine morphogenesis, we investigated if alterations in this signaling pathway reflect the differential effects of stress on spine plasticity in the hippocampus and amygdala. A day after the end of chronic immobilization stress (2 h/day for 10 days), we found a reduction in the activity of Rac1, as well as its effector p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1), in the rat hippocampus. These changes, in turn, decreased cofilin phosphorylation alongside a reduction in the levels of profilin isoforms. In striking contrast, the same chronic stress increased Rac1, PAK1 activity, cofilin phosphorylation, and profilin levels in the BLA, which is consistent with enhanced actin polymerization leading to spinogenesis in the BLA. In the hippocampus, on the other hand, the same stress caused the opposite changes, the functional consequences of which would be actin depolymerization leading to the elimination of spines. Together, these findings reveal a role for brain-region specific differences in the dysregulation of Rac1-to-cofilin signaling in the effects of repeated stress on two brain areas that are implicated in the emotional and cognitive symptoms of stress-related psychiatric disorders.
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8
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Striatal synaptic adaptations in Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 167:105686. [PMID: 35272023 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The striatum is densely innervated by mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons that modulate acquisition and vigor of goal-directed actions and habits. This innervation is progressively lost in Parkinson's disease (PD), contributing to the defining movement deficits of the disease. Although boosting dopaminergic signaling with levodopa early in the course of the disease alleviates these deficits, later this strategy leads to the emergence of debilitating dyskinesia. Here, recent advances in our understanding of how striatal cells and circuits adapt to this progressive de-innervation and to levodopa therapy are discussed. First, we discuss how dopamine (DA) depletion triggers cell type-specific, homeostatic changes in spiny projection neurons (SPNs) that tend to normalize striatal activity but also lead to disruption of the synaptic architecture sculpted by experience. Second, we discuss the roles played by cholinergic and nitric oxide-releasing interneurons in these adaptations. Third, we examine recent work in freely moving mice suggesting that alterations in the spatiotemporal dynamics of striatal ensembles contributes to PD movement deficits. Lastly, we discuss recently published evidence from a progressive model of PD suggesting that contrary to the classical model, striatal pathway imbalance is necessary but not sufficient to produce frank parkinsonism.
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9
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Pribbenow C, Chen YC, Heim MM, Laber D, Reubold S, Reynolds E, Balles I, Fernández-d V Alquicira T, Suárez-Grimalt R, Scheunemann L, Rauch C, Matkovic T, Rösner J, Lichtner G, Jagannathan SR, Owald D. Postsynaptic plasticity of cholinergic synapses underlies the induction and expression of appetitive and familiarity memories in Drosophila. eLife 2022; 11:80445. [PMID: 36250621 PMCID: PMC9733945 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In vertebrates, several forms of memory-relevant synaptic plasticity involve postsynaptic rearrangements of glutamate receptors. In contrast, previous work indicates that Drosophila and other invertebrates store memories using presynaptic plasticity of cholinergic synapses. Here, we provide evidence for postsynaptic plasticity at cholinergic output synapses from the Drosophila mushroom bodies (MBs). We find that the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit α5 is required within specific MB output neurons for appetitive memory induction but is dispensable for aversive memories. In addition, nAChR α2 subunits mediate memory expression and likely function downstream of α5 and the postsynaptic scaffold protein discs large (Dlg). We show that postsynaptic plasticity traces can be induced independently of the presynapse, and that in vivo dynamics of α2 nAChR subunits are changed both in the context of associative and non-associative (familiarity) memory formation, underlying different plasticity rules. Therefore, regardless of neurotransmitter identity, key principles of postsynaptic plasticity support memory storage across phyla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Pribbenow
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | - Yi-chun Chen
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | - M-Marcel Heim
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | - Desiree Laber
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | - Silas Reubold
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | - Eric Reynolds
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | - Isabella Balles
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | - Tania Fernández-d V Alquicira
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | - Raquel Suárez-Grimalt
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany,Einstein Center for Neurosciences BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Lisa Scheunemann
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany,NeuroCure, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany,Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Carolin Rauch
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | - Tanja Matkovic
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Jörg Rösner
- NWFZ, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthGreifswaldGermany
| | - Gregor Lichtner
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany,Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, Emergency and Pain MedicineGreifswaldGermany
| | - Sridhar R Jagannathan
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | - David Owald
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany,Einstein Center for Neurosciences BerlinBerlinGermany,NeuroCure, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
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10
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Duman JG, Blanco FA, Cronkite CA, Ru Q, Erikson KC, Mulherkar S, Saifullah AB, Firozi K, Tolias KF. Rac-maninoff and Rho-vel: The symphony of Rho-GTPase signaling at excitatory synapses. Small GTPases 2022; 13:14-47. [PMID: 33955328 PMCID: PMC9707551 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2021.1885264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic connections between neurons are essential for every facet of human cognition and are thus regulated with extreme precision. Rho-family GTPases, molecular switches that cycle between an active GTP-bound state and an inactive GDP-bound state, comprise a critical feature of synaptic regulation. Rho-GTPases are exquisitely controlled by an extensive suite of activators (GEFs) and inhibitors (GAPs and GDIs) and interact with many different signalling pathways to fulfill their roles in orchestrating the development, maintenance, and plasticity of excitatory synapses of the central nervous system. Among the mechanisms that control Rho-GTPase activity and signalling are cell surface receptors, GEF/GAP complexes that tightly regulate single Rho-GTPase dynamics, GEF/GAP and GEF/GEF functional complexes that coordinate multiple Rho-family GTPase activities, effector positive feedback loops, and mutual antagonism of opposing Rho-GTPase pathways. These complex regulatory mechanisms are employed by the cells of the nervous system in almost every step of development, and prominently figure into the processes of synaptic plasticity that underlie learning and memory. Finally, misregulation of Rho-GTPases plays critical roles in responses to neuronal injury, such as traumatic brain injury and neuropathic pain, and in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders, including intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's Disease. Thus, decoding the mechanisms of Rho-GTPase regulation and function at excitatory synapses has great potential for combatting many of the biggest current challenges in mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph G. Duman
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Francisco A. Blanco
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Science Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher A. Cronkite
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qin Ru
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kelly C. Erikson
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shalaka Mulherkar
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ali Bin Saifullah
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Karen Firozi
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kimberley F. Tolias
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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11
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Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Hugo Cornejo
- Neurotechnology Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Netanel Ofer
- Neurotechnology Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Rafael Yuste
- Neurotechnology Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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12
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Feghhi T, Hernandez RX, Stawarski M, Thomas CI, Kamasawa N, Lau AWC, Macleod GT. Computational modeling predicts ephemeral acidic microdomains in the glutamatergic synaptic cleft. Biophys J 2021; 120:5575-5591. [PMID: 34774503 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
At chemical synapses, synaptic vesicles release their acidic contents into the cleft, leading to the expectation that the cleft should acidify. However, fluorescent pH probes targeted to the cleft of conventional glutamatergic synapses in both fruit flies and mice reveal cleft alkalinization rather than acidification. Here, using a reaction-diffusion scheme, we modeled pH dynamics at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction as glutamate, ATP, and protons (H+) were released into the cleft. The model incorporates bicarbonate and phosphate buffering systems as well as plasma membrane calcium-ATPase activity and predicts substantial cleft acidification but only for fractions of a millisecond after neurotransmitter release. Thereafter, the cleft rapidly alkalinizes and remains alkaline for over 100 ms because the plasma membrane calcium-ATPase removes H+ from the cleft in exchange for calcium ions from adjacent pre- and postsynaptic compartments, thus recapitulating the empirical data. The extent of synaptic vesicle loading and time course of exocytosis have little influence on the magnitude of acidification. Phosphate but not bicarbonate buffering is effective at suppressing the magnitude and time course of the acid spike, whereas both buffering systems are effective at suppressing cleft alkalinization. The small volume of the cleft levies a powerful influence on the magnitude of alkalinization and its time course. Structural features that open the cleft to adjacent spaces appear to be essential for alleviating the extent of pH transients accompanying neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Touhid Feghhi
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida
| | - Roberto X Hernandez
- Integrative Biology & Neuroscience Graduate Program, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida; International Max Planck Research School for Brain and Behavior, Jupiter, Florida; Jupiter Life Sciences Initiative, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida
| | - Michal Stawarski
- Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida
| | - Connon I Thomas
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Max Planck Florida Institute, Jupiter, Florida
| | - Naomi Kamasawa
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Max Planck Florida Institute, Jupiter, Florida
| | - A W C Lau
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida
| | - Gregory T Macleod
- Jupiter Life Sciences Initiative, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida; Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida; Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida; Institute for Human Health & Disease Intervention, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida.
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13
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Melander JB, Nayebi A, Jongbloets BC, Fortin DA, Qin M, Ganguli S, Mao T, Zhong H. Distinct in vivo dynamics of excitatory synapses onto cortical pyramidal neurons and parvalbumin-positive interneurons. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109972. [PMID: 34758304 PMCID: PMC8631347 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical function relies on the balanced activation of excitatory and inhibitory neurons. However, little is known about the organization and dynamics of shaft excitatory synapses onto cortical inhibitory interneurons. Here, we use the excitatory postsynaptic marker PSD-95, fluorescently labeled at endogenous levels, as a proxy for excitatory synapses onto layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons and parvalbumin-positive (PV+) interneurons in the barrel cortex of adult mice. Longitudinal in vivo imaging under baseline conditions reveals that, although synaptic weights in both neuronal types are log-normally distributed, synapses onto PV+ neurons are less heterogeneous and more stable. Markov model analyses suggest that the synaptic weight distribution is set intrinsically by ongoing cell-type-specific dynamics, and substantial changes are due to accumulated gradual changes. Synaptic weight dynamics are multiplicative, i.e., changes scale with weights, although PV+ synapses also exhibit an additive component. These results reveal that cell-type-specific processes govern cortical synaptic strengths and dynamics. Melander et al. use a genetic strategy to visualize excitatory neuronal connections that cannot be inferred from morphology, and they monitor how the connections change over weeks in mice. They find distinct characteristics between synapses onto cells that “suppress” brain activity and those onto cells that “excite” brain activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B Melander
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Neurosciences PhD Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Aran Nayebi
- Neurosciences PhD Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bart C Jongbloets
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Dale A Fortin
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Maozhen Qin
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Surya Ganguli
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Tianyi Mao
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Haining Zhong
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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14
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Wildenberg GA, Rosen MR, Lundell J, Paukner D, Freedman DJ, Kasthuri N. Primate neuronal connections are sparse in cortex as compared to mouse. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109709. [PMID: 34525373 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Detailing how primate and mouse neurons differ is critical for creating generalized models of how neurons process information. We reconstruct 15,748 synapses in adult Rhesus macaques and mice and ask how connectivity differs on identified cell types in layer 2/3 of primary visual cortex. Primate excitatory and inhibitory neurons receive 2-5 times fewer excitatory and inhibitory synapses than similar mouse neurons. Primate excitatory neurons have lower excitatory-to-inhibitory (E/I) ratios than mouse but similar E/I ratios in inhibitory neurons. In both species, properties of inhibitory axons such as synapse size and frequency are unchanged, and inhibitory innervation of excitatory neurons is local and specific. Using artificial recurrent neural networks (RNNs) optimized for different cognitive tasks, we find that penalizing networks for creating and maintaining synapses, as opposed to neuronal firing, reduces the number of connections per node as the number of nodes increases, similar to primate neurons compared with mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregg A Wildenberg
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA.
| | - Matt R Rosen
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jack Lundell
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Dawn Paukner
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - David J Freedman
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Narayanan Kasthuri
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA.
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15
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Miczán V, Kelemen K, Glavinics JR, László ZI, Barti B, Kenesei K, Kisfali M, Katona I. NECAB1 and NECAB2 are Prevalent Calcium-Binding Proteins of CB1/CCK-Positive GABAergic Interneurons. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:1786-1806. [PMID: 33230531 PMCID: PMC7869086 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular repertoire of the "Ca2+-signaling toolkit" supports the specific kinetic requirements of Ca2+-dependent processes in different neuronal types. A well-known example is the unique expression pattern of calcium-binding proteins, such as parvalbumin, calbindin, and calretinin. These cytosolic Ca2+-buffers control presynaptic and somatodendritic processes in a cell-type-specific manner and have been used as neurochemical markers of GABAergic interneuron types for decades. Surprisingly, to date no typifying calcium-binding proteins have been found in CB1 cannabinoid receptor/cholecystokinin (CB1/CCK)-positive interneurons that represent a large population of GABAergic cells in cortical circuits. Because CB1/CCK-positive interneurons display disparate presynaptic and somatodendritic Ca2+-transients compared with other interneurons, we tested the hypothesis that they express alternative calcium-binding proteins. By in silico data mining in mouse single-cell RNA-seq databases, we identified high expression of Necab1 and Necab2 genes encoding N-terminal EF-hand calcium-binding proteins 1 and 2, respectively, in CB1/CCK-positive interneurons. Fluorescent in situ hybridization and immunostaining revealed cell-type-specific distribution of NECAB1 and NECAB2 throughout the isocortex, hippocampal formation, and basolateral amygdala complex. Combination of patch-clamp electrophysiology, confocal, and STORM super-resolution microscopy uncovered subcellular nanoscale differences indicating functional division of labor between the two calcium-binding proteins. These findings highlight NECAB1 and NECAB2 as predominant calcium-binding proteins in CB1/CCK-positive interneurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Miczán
- Momentum Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest 1083, Hungary
- Roska Tamás Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest 1083, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Kelemen
- Momentum Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest 1083, Hungary
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș 540142, Romania
| | - Judit R Glavinics
- Momentum Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest 1083, Hungary
| | - Zsófia I László
- Momentum Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest 1083, Hungary
- Szentágothai János Doctoral School of Neuroscience, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1083, Hungary
| | - Benjámin Barti
- Momentum Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest 1083, Hungary
- Szentágothai János Doctoral School of Neuroscience, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1083, Hungary
| | - Kata Kenesei
- Momentum Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest 1083, Hungary
| | - Máté Kisfali
- Momentum Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest 1083, Hungary
| | - István Katona
- Momentum Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest 1083, Hungary
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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16
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Griego E, Herrera-López G, Gómez-Lira G, Barrionuevo G, Gutiérrez R, Galván EJ. Functional expression of TrkB receptors on interneurones and pyramidal cells of area CA3 of the rat hippocampus. Neuropharmacology 2020; 182:108379. [PMID: 33130041 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The dentate gyrus and hippocampal area CA3 region of the mammalian brain contains the highest levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its canonical membrane receptor, tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB). Therefore, the present study examines the expression and physiological responses triggered by activation of TrkB on hippocampal area CA3 interneurones and pyramidal cells of the rat hippocampus. Triple immunolabelling for TrkB, glutamate decarboxylase 67, and the calcium-binding proteins parvalbumin, calbindin or calretinin confirms the somatic expression of TrkB in all CA3 sublayers. TrkB-positive interneurones with fast-spiking discharge are restricted to strata oriens and lucidum, whereas regular-spiking interneurones are found in the strata lucidum, radiatum and lacunosum-moleculare. Activation of TrkB receptors with 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (DHF) modulates amplitude and frequency of spontaneous synaptic currents recorded from CA3 interneurones. Furthermore, the isolated excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSC) of CA3 interneurones evoked by the mossy fibres (MF) or commissural/associational (C/A) axons, show input-specific synaptic potentiation in response to TrkB stimulation. On CA3 pyramidal cells, stimulation with DHF potentiates the MF synaptic transmission and increases the MF-EPSP - spike coupling. The latter exhibits a dramatic increase when picrotoxin is bath perfused after DHF, indicating that local interneurones restrain the excitability mediated by activation of TrkB. Therefore, we propose that release of BDNF on area CA3 reshapes the output of this hippocampal region by simultaneous activation of TrkB on GABAergic interneurones and pyramidal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Griego
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav Sur, México City, México
| | | | | | - Germán Barrionuevo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, United States
| | - Rafael Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav Sur, México City, México
| | - Emilio J Galván
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav Sur, México City, México.
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17
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Dolgacheva LP, Tuleukhanov ST, Zinchenko VP. Participation of Ca2+-Permeable AMPA Receptors in Synaptic Plasticity. BIOCHEMISTRY MOSCOW SUPPLEMENT SERIES A-MEMBRANE AND CELL BIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990747820030046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Bannon NM, Chistiakova M, Volgushev M. Synaptic Plasticity in Cortical Inhibitory Neurons: What Mechanisms May Help to Balance Synaptic Weight Changes? Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:204. [PMID: 33100968 PMCID: PMC7500144 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory neurons play a fundamental role in the normal operation of neuronal networks. Diverse types of inhibitory neurons serve vital functions in cortical networks, such as balancing excitation and taming excessive activity, organizing neuronal activity in spatial and temporal patterns, and shaping response selectivity. Serving these, and a multitude of other functions effectively requires fine-tuning of inhibition, mediated by synaptic plasticity. Plasticity of inhibitory systems can be mediated by changes at inhibitory synapses and/or by changes at excitatory synapses at inhibitory neurons. In this review, we consider that latter locus: plasticity at excitatory synapses to inhibitory neurons. Despite the fact that plasticity of excitatory synaptic transmission to interneurons has been studied in much less detail than in pyramids and other excitatory cells, an abundance of forms and mechanisms of plasticity have been observed in interneurons. Specific requirements and rules for induction, while exhibiting a broad diversity, could correlate with distinct sources of excitatory inputs and distinct types of inhibitory neurons. One common requirement for the induction of plasticity is the rise of intracellular calcium, which could be mediated by a variety of ligand-gated, voltage-dependent, and intrinsic mechanisms. The majority of the investigated forms of plasticity can be classified as Hebbian-type associative plasticity. Hebbian-type learning rules mediate adaptive changes of synaptic transmission. However, these rules also introduce intrinsic positive feedback on synaptic weight changes, making plastic synapses and learning networks prone to runaway dynamics. Because real inhibitory neurons do not express runaway dynamics, additional plasticity mechanisms that counteract imbalances introduced by Hebbian-type rules must exist. We argue that weight-dependent heterosynaptic plasticity has a number of characteristics that make it an ideal candidate mechanism to achieve homeostatic regulation of synaptic weight changes at excitatory synapses to inhibitory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Bannon
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Marina Chistiakova
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Maxim Volgushev
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
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19
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High-Throughput Fluorescence Assays for Ion Channels and GPCRs. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1131:27-72. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12457-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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20
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Castañeda MS, Tonini R, Richards CD, Stocker M, Pedarzani P. Benzamil inhibits neuronal and heterologously expressed small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels. Neuropharmacology 2019; 158:107738. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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21
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Tzilivaki A, Kastellakis G, Poirazi P. Challenging the point neuron dogma: FS basket cells as 2-stage nonlinear integrators. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3664. [PMID: 31413258 PMCID: PMC6694133 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11537-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Interneurons are critical for the proper functioning of neural circuits. While often morphologically complex, their dendrites have been ignored for decades, treating them as linear point neurons. Exciting new findings reveal complex, non-linear dendritic computations that call for a new theory of interneuron arithmetic. Using detailed biophysical models, we predict that dendrites of FS basket cells in both hippocampus and prefrontal cortex come in two flavors: supralinear, supporting local sodium spikes within large-volume branches and sublinear, in small-volume branches. Synaptic activation of varying sets of these dendrites leads to somatic firing variability that cannot be fully explained by the point neuron reduction. Instead, a 2-stage artificial neural network (ANN), with sub- and supralinear hidden nodes, captures most of the variance. Reduced neuronal circuit modeling suggest that this bi-modal, 2-stage integration in FS basket cells confers substantial resource savings in memory encoding as well as the linking of memories across time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Tzilivaki
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, 70013, Greece
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013, Greece
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - George Kastellakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, 70013, Greece
| | - Panayiota Poirazi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, 70013, Greece.
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22
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Francavilla R, Villette V, Martel O, Topolnik L. Calcium Dynamics in Dendrites of Hippocampal CA1 Interneurons in Awake Mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:98. [PMID: 30930750 PMCID: PMC6428725 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal inhibitory interneurons exhibit a large diversity of dendritic Ca2+ mechanisms that are involved in the induction of Hebbian and anti-Hebbian synaptic plasticity. High resolution imaging techniques allowed examining somatic Ca2+ signals and, accordingly, the recruitment of hippocampal interneurons in awake behaving animals. However, little is still known about dendritic Ca2+ activity in interneurons during different behavioral states. Here, we used two-photon Ca2+ imaging in mouse hippocampal CA1 interneurons to reveal Ca2+ signal patterns in interneuron dendrites during animal locomotion and immobility. Despite overall variability in dendritic Ca2+ transients (CaTs) across different cells and dendritic branches, we report consistent behavior state-dependent organization of Ca2+ signaling in interneurons. As such, spreading regenerative CaTs dominated in dendrites during locomotion, whereas both spreading and localized Ca2+ signals were seen during immobility. Thus, these data indicate that while animal locomotion is associated with widespread Ca2+ elevations in interneuron dendrites that may reflect regenerative activity, local CaTs that may be related to synaptic activity become apparent during animal quiet state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruggiero Francavilla
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Bio-informatics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Neuroscience Axis, CHU de Québec Research Center (CHUL), Laval University, Québec, PQ, Canada
| | - Vincent Villette
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Bio-informatics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Neuroscience Axis, CHU de Québec Research Center (CHUL), Laval University, Québec, PQ, Canada
| | - Olivier Martel
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Bio-informatics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Neuroscience Axis, CHU de Québec Research Center (CHUL), Laval University, Québec, PQ, Canada
| | - Lisa Topolnik
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Bio-informatics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Neuroscience Axis, CHU de Québec Research Center (CHUL), Laval University, Québec, PQ, Canada
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23
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Non-linear calcium signalling and synaptic plasticity in interneurons. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2019; 54:98-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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24
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Chamberland S, Zamora Moratalla A, Topolnik L. Calcium extrusion mechanisms in dendrites of mouse hippocampal CA1 inhibitory interneurons. Cell Calcium 2019; 77:49-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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25
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Camiré O, Lazarevich I, Gilbert T, Topolnik L. Mechanisms of Supralinear Calcium Integration in Dendrites of Hippocampal CA1 Fast-Spiking Cells. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2018; 10:47. [PMID: 30618708 PMCID: PMC6297674 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2018.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In fast-spiking (FS), parvalbumin-expressing interneurons of the CA1 hippocampus, activation of the GluA2-lacking Ca2+-permeable AMPA receptors (CP-AMPARs) in basal dendrites is coupled to Ca2+-induced Ca2+-release (CICR), and can result in a supralinear summation of postsynaptic Ca2+-transients (post-CaTs). While this mechanism is important in controlling the direction of long-term plasticity, it is still unknown whether it can operate at all excitatory synapses converging onto FS cells or at a set of synapses receiving a particular input. Using a combination of patch-clamp recordings and two-photon Ca2+ imaging in acute mouse hippocampal slices with computational simulations, here we compared the generation of supralinear post-CaTs between apical and basal dendrites of FS cells. We found that, similar to basal dendrites, apical post-CaTs summated supralinearly and relied mainly on the activation of the CP-AMPARs, with a variable contribution of other Ca2+ sources, such as NMDA receptors, L-type voltage-gated Ca2+-channels and Ca2+ release. In addition, supralinear post-CaTs generated in apical dendrites had a slower decay time and a larger cumulative charge than those in basal, and were associated with a stronger level of somatic depolarization. The model predicted that modulation of ryanodine receptors and of the Ca2+ extrusion mechanisms, such as the Na+/Ca2+-exchanger and SERCA pump, had a major impact on the magnitude of supralinear post-CaTs. These data reveal that supralinear Ca2+ summation is a common mechanism of Ca2+ signaling at CP-AMPAR-containing synapses. Shaped in a location-specific manner through modulation of ryanodine receptors and Ca2+ extrusion mechanisms, CP-AMPAR/CICR signaling is suitable for synapse-specific bidirectional modification of incoming inputs in the absence of active dendritic conductances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Camiré
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Bio-informatics, Faculty of Science and Engineering; Neuroscience Axis, CHU de Québec Research Center (CHUL), Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Ivan Lazarevich
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Bio-informatics, Faculty of Science and Engineering; Neuroscience Axis, CHU de Québec Research Center (CHUL), Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.,Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Tommy Gilbert
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Bio-informatics, Faculty of Science and Engineering; Neuroscience Axis, CHU de Québec Research Center (CHUL), Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Lisa Topolnik
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Bio-informatics, Faculty of Science and Engineering; Neuroscience Axis, CHU de Québec Research Center (CHUL), Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
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26
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Sibarov DA, Antonov SM. Calcium-Dependent Desensitization of NMDA Receptors. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2018; 83:1173-1183. [PMID: 30472955 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297918100036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate receptors play the key role in excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system (CNS). N-methyl-D-aspartate-activated glutamate receptors (NMDARs) are ion channels permeable to sodium, potassium, and calcium ions that localize to the pre- and postsynaptic membranes, as well as extrasynaptic neuronal membrane. Calcium entry into dendritic spines is essential for long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) of synaptic transmission. Both LTP and LTD represent morphological and functional changes occurring in the process of memory formation. NMDAR dysfunction is associated with epilepsy, schizophrenia, migraine, dementia, and neurodegenerative diseases. Prolonged activation of extrasynaptic NMDARs causes calcium overload and apoptosis of neurons. Here, we review recent findings on the molecular mechanisms of calcium-dependent NMDAR desensitization that ensures fast modulation of NMDAR conductance in the CNS and limits calcium entry into the cells under pathological conditions. We present the data on molecular determinants related to calcium-dependent NMDAR desensitization and functional interaction of NMDARs with other ion channels and transporters. We also describe association of NMDARs with lipid membrane microdomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Sibarov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194223, Russia.
| | - S M Antonov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194223, Russia
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27
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Lalanne T, Oyrer J, Farrant M, Sjöström PJ. Synapse Type-Dependent Expression of Calcium-Permeable AMPA Receptors. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2018; 10:34. [PMID: 30369875 PMCID: PMC6194349 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2018.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium-permeable (CP) AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) are known to mediate synaptic plasticity in several different interneuron (IN) types. Recent evidence suggests that CP-AMPARs are synapse-specifically expressed at excitatory connections onto a subset of IN types in hippocampus and neocortex. For example, CP-AMPARs are found at connections from pyramidal cells (PCs) to basket cells (BCs), but not to Martinotti cells (MCs). This synapse type-specific expression of CP-AMPARs suggests that synaptic dynamics as well as learning rules are differentially implemented in local circuits and has important implications not just in health but also in disease states such as epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Txomin Lalanne
- Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Physiology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Oyrer
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark Farrant
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - P Jesper Sjöström
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Montreal General Hospital, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
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28
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Ferrer C, Hsieh H, Wollmuth LP. Input-specific maturation of NMDAR-mediated transmission onto parvalbumin-expressing interneurons in layers 2/3 of the visual cortex. J Neurophysiol 2018; 120:3063-3076. [PMID: 30303753 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00495.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Parvalbumin-expressing (PV) GABAergic interneurons regulate local circuit dynamics. In terms of the excitation driving PV interneuron activity, the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-mediated component onto PV interneurons tends to be smaller than that onto pyramidal neurons but makes a significant contribution to their physiology and development. In the visual cortex, PV interneurons mature during the critical period. We hypothesize that during the critical period, the NMDAR-mediated signaling and functional properties of glutamatergic synapses onto PV interneurons are developmentally regulated. We therefore compared the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR)- and NMDAR-mediated synaptic responses before (postnatal days 15-20, P15-P20), during (P25-P40), and after (P50-P60) the visual critical period. AMPAR miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) showed a developmental decrease in frequency, whereas NMDAR mEPSCs were absent or showed extremely low frequencies throughout development. For evoked responses, we consistently saw a NMDAR-mediated component, suggesting pre- or postsynaptic differences between evoked and spontaneous neurotransmission. Evoked responses showed input-specific developmental changes. For intralaminar inputs, the NMDAR-mediated component significantly decreased with development. This resulted in adult intralaminar inputs almost exclusively mediated by AMPARs, suited for the computation of synaptic inputs with precise timing, and likely having NMDAR-independent forms of plasticity. In contrast, interlaminar inputs maintained a stable NMDAR-mediated component throughout development but had a shift in the AMPAR paired-pulse ratio from depression to facilitation. Adult interlaminar inputs with facilitating AMPAR responses and a substantial NMDAR component would favor temporal integration of synaptic responses and could be modulated by NMDAR-dependent forms of plasticity. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We show for the first time input-specific developmental changes in the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor component and short-term plasticity of the excitatory drive onto layers 2/3 parvalbumin-expressing (PV) interneurons in the visual cortex during the critical period. These developmental changes would lead to functionally distinct adult intralaminar and interlaminar glutamatergic inputs that would engage PV interneuron-mediated inhibition differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Ferrer
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York.,Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York
| | - Helen Hsieh
- Department of Surgery, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York
| | - Lonnie P Wollmuth
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York.,Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York.,Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York
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Sancho L, Bloodgood BL. Functional Distinctions between Spine and Dendritic Synapses Made onto Parvalbumin-Positive Interneurons in Mouse Cortex. Cell Rep 2018; 24:2075-2087. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Agnati LF, Marcoli M, Maura G, Woods A, Guidolin D. The brain as a "hyper-network": the key role of neural networks as main producers of the integrated brain actions especially via the "broadcasted" neuroconnectomics. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2018; 125:883-897. [PMID: 29427068 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-018-1855-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Investigations of brain complex integrative actions should consider beside neural networks, glial, extracellular molecular, and fluid channels networks. The present paper proposes that all these networks are assembled into the brain hyper-network that has as fundamental components, the tetra-partite synapses, formed by neural, glial, and extracellular molecular networks. Furthermore, peri-synaptic astrocytic processes by modulating the perviousness of extracellular fluid channels control the signals impinging on the tetra-partite synapses. It has also been surmised that global signalling via astrocytes networks and highly pervasive signals, such as electromagnetic fields (EMFs), allow the appropriate integration of the various networks especially at crucial nodes level, the tetra-partite synapses. As a matter of fact, it has been shown that astrocytes can form gap-junction-coupled syncytia allowing intercellular communication characterised by a rapid and possibly long-distance transfer of signals. As far as the EMFs are concerned, the concept of broadcasted neuroconnectomics (BNC) has been introduced to describe highly pervasive signals involved in resetting the information handling of brain networks at various miniaturisation levels. In other words, BNC creates, thanks to the EMFs, generated especially by neurons, different assemblages among the various networks forming the brain hyper-network. Thus, it is surmised that neuronal networks are the "core components" of the brain hyper-network that has as special "nodes" the multi-facet tetra-partite synapses. Furthermore, it is suggested that investigations on the functional plasticity of multi-partite synapses in response to BNC can be the background for a new understanding and perhaps a new modelling of brain morpho-functional organisation and integrative actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi F Agnati
- Department of Diagnostic, Clinical Medicine and Public Health, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy. .,Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Manuela Marcoli
- Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy. .,Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research CEBR, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Guido Maura
- Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy
| | - Amina Woods
- Structural Biology Unit, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Diego Guidolin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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31
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Bano D, Ankarcrona M. Beyond the critical point: An overview of excitotoxicity, calcium overload and the downstream consequences. Neurosci Lett 2018; 663:79-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Pelkey KA, Chittajallu R, Craig MT, Tricoire L, Wester JC, McBain CJ. Hippocampal GABAergic Inhibitory Interneurons. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:1619-1747. [PMID: 28954853 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00007.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 495] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the hippocampus GABAergic local circuit inhibitory interneurons represent only ~10-15% of the total neuronal population; however, their remarkable anatomical and physiological diversity allows them to regulate virtually all aspects of cellular and circuit function. Here we provide an overview of the current state of the field of interneuron research, focusing largely on the hippocampus. We discuss recent advances related to the various cell types, including their development and maturation, expression of subtype-specific voltage- and ligand-gated channels, and their roles in network oscillations. We also discuss recent technological advances and approaches that have permitted high-resolution, subtype-specific examination of their roles in numerous neural circuit disorders and the emerging therapeutic strategies to ameliorate such pathophysiological conditions. The ultimate goal of this review is not only to provide a touchstone for the current state of the field, but to help pave the way for future research by highlighting where gaps in our knowledge exist and how a complete appreciation of their roles will aid in future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Pelkey
- Porter Neuroscience Center, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Hatherly Laboratories, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; and Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Neurosciences Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France
| | - Ramesh Chittajallu
- Porter Neuroscience Center, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Hatherly Laboratories, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; and Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Neurosciences Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France
| | - Michael T Craig
- Porter Neuroscience Center, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Hatherly Laboratories, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; and Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Neurosciences Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Tricoire
- Porter Neuroscience Center, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Hatherly Laboratories, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; and Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Neurosciences Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France
| | - Jason C Wester
- Porter Neuroscience Center, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Hatherly Laboratories, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; and Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Neurosciences Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France
| | - Chris J McBain
- Porter Neuroscience Center, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Hatherly Laboratories, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; and Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Neurosciences Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France
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Suyama S, Ralevski A, Liu ZW, Dietrich MO, Yada T, Simonds SE, Cowley MA, Gao XB, Diano S, Horvath TL. Plasticity of calcium-permeable AMPA glutamate receptors in Pro-opiomelanocortin neurons. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28762946 PMCID: PMC5538821 DOI: 10.7554/elife.25755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
POMC neurons integrate metabolic signals from the periphery. Here, we show in mice that food deprivation induces a linear current-voltage relationship of AMPAR-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in POMC neurons. Inhibition of EPSCs by IEM-1460, an antagonist of calcium-permeable (Cp) AMPARs, diminished EPSC amplitude in the fed but not in the fasted state, suggesting entry of GluR2 subunits into the AMPA receptor complex during food deprivation. Accordingly, removal of extracellular calcium from ACSF decreased the amplitude of mEPSCs in the fed but not the fasted state. Ten days of high-fat diet exposure, which was accompanied by elevated leptin levels and increased POMC neuronal activity, resulted in increased expression of Cp-AMPARs on POMC neurons. Altogether, our results show that entry of calcium via Cp-AMPARs is inherent to activation of POMC neurons, which may underlie a vulnerability of these neurons to calcium overload while activated in a sustained manner during over-nutrition. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.25755.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigetomo Suyama
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States.,Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Alexandra Ralevski
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Zhong-Wu Liu
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Marcelo O Dietrich
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Toshihiko Yada
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Stephanie E Simonds
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Michael A Cowley
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Xiao-Bing Gao
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Sabrina Diano
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States.,Departments of Ob/Gyn and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States.,Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States.,Departments of Ob/Gyn and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States.,Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States.,Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
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Synaptic integration in cortical inhibitory neuron dendrites. Neuroscience 2017; 368:115-131. [PMID: 28756117 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cortical inhibitory interneurons have a wide range of important functions, including balancing network excitation, enhancing spike-time precision of principal neurons, and synchronizing neural activity within and across brain regions. All these functions critically depend on the integration of synaptic inputs in their dendrites. But the sparse number of inhibitory cells, their small caliber dendrites, and the problem of cell-type identification, have prevented fast progress in analyzing their dendritic properties. Despite these challenges, recent advancements in electrophysiological, optical and molecular tools have opened the door for studying synaptic integration and dendritic computations in molecularly defined inhibitory interneurons. Accumulating evidence indicates that the biophysical properties of inhibitory neuron dendrites differ substantially from those of pyramidal neurons. In addition to the supralinear dendritic integration commonly observed in pyramidal neurons, interneuron dendrites can also integrate synaptic inputs in a linear or sublinear fashion. In this comprehensive review, we compare the dendritic biophysical properties of the three major classes of cortical inhibitory neurons and discuss how these cell type-specific properties may support their functions in the cortex.
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35
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Ma Q, Ye L, Liu H, Shi Y, Zhou N. An overview of Ca 2+ mobilization assays in GPCR drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2017; 12:511-523. [PMID: 28277837 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2017.1303473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Calcium ions (Ca2+) serve as a second messenger or universal signal transducer implicated in the regulation of a wide range of physiological processes. A change in the concentration of intracellular Ca2+ is an important step in intracellular signal transduction. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the largest and most versatile group of cell surface receptors, transduce extracellular signals into intracellular responses via their coupling to heterotrimeric G proteins. Since Ca2+ plays a crucial role in GPCR-induced signaling, measurement of intracellular Ca2+ has attracted more and more attention in GPCR-targeted drug discovery. Areas covered: This review focuses on the most popular functional assays measuring GPCRs-induced intracellular Ca2+ signaling. These include photoprotein-based, synthetic fluorescent indicator-based and genetically encoded calcium indicator (GECI)-based Ca2+ mobilization assays. A brief discussion of the design strategy of fluorescent probes in GPCR studies is also presented. Expert opinion: GPCR-mediated intracellular signaling is multidimensional. There is an urgent need for the development of multiple-readout screening assays capable of simultaneous detection of biased signaling and screening of both agonists and antagonists in the same assay. It is also necessary to develop GECIs offering low cost and consistent assays suitable for investigating GPCR activation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ma
- a College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus , Zhejiang University, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Lingyan Ye
- a College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus , Zhejiang University, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Hongxia Liu
- b Department of Internal Medicine , Edong Healthcare Group , Huangshi , Hubei , China
| | - Ying Shi
- a College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus , Zhejiang University, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Naiming Zhou
- a College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus , Zhejiang University, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
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OKABE S. Fluorescence imaging of synapse dynamics in normal circuit maturation and in developmental disorders. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2017; 93:483-497. [PMID: 28769018 PMCID: PMC5713177 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.93.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
One of the most fundamental questions in neurobiology is how proper synaptic connections are established in the developing brain. Live-cell imaging of the synaptic structure and functional molecules can reveal the time course of synapse formation, molecular dynamics, and functional maturation. Using postsynaptic scaffolding proteins as a marker of synapse development, fluorescence time-lapse imaging revealed rapid formation of individual synapses that occurred within hours and their remodeling in culture preparations. In vivo two-photon excitation microscopy development enabled us to directly measure synapse turnover in living animals. In vivo synapse dynamics were suppressed in the adult rodent brain, but were maintained at a high level during the early postnatal period. This transition in synapse dynamics is biologically important and can be linked to the pathology of juvenile-onset psychiatric diseases. Indeed, the upregulation of synapse dynamics was observed in multiple mouse models of autism spectrum disorders. Fluorescence imaging of synapses provides new information regarding the physiology and pathology of neural circuit construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeo OKABE
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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37
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Zhu Y, Gabbiani F. Fine and distributed subcellular retinotopy of excitatory inputs to the dendritic tree of a collision-detecting neuron. J Neurophysiol 2016; 115:3101-12. [PMID: 27009157 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00044.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Individual neurons in several sensory systems receive synaptic inputs organized according to subcellular topographic maps, yet the fine structure of this topographic organization and its relation to dendritic morphology have not been studied in detail. Subcellular topography is expected to play a role in dendritic integration, particularly when dendrites are extended and active. The lobula giant movement detector (LGMD) neuron in the locust visual system is known to receive topographic excitatory inputs on part of its dendritic tree. The LGMD responds preferentially to objects approaching on a collision course and is thought to implement several interesting dendritic computations. To study the fine retinotopic mapping of visual inputs onto the excitatory dendrites of the LGMD, we designed a custom microscope allowing visual stimulation at the native sampling resolution of the locust compound eye while simultaneously performing two-photon calcium imaging on excitatory dendrites. We show that the LGMD receives a distributed, fine retinotopic projection from the eye facets and that adjacent facets activate overlapping portions of the same dendritic branches. We also demonstrate that adjacent retinal inputs most likely make independent synapses on the excitatory dendrites of the LGMD. Finally, we show that the fine topographic mapping can be studied using dynamic visual stimuli. Our results reveal the detailed structure of the dendritic input originating from individual facets on the eye and their relation to that of adjacent facets. The mapping of visual space onto the LGMD's dendrites is expected to have implications for dendritic computation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- Department of Neuroscience and Program of Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Fabrizio Gabbiani
- Department of Neuroscience and Program of Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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Active Dendrites and Differential Distribution of Calcium Channels Enable Functional Compartmentalization of Golgi Cells. J Neurosci 2016; 35:15492-504. [PMID: 26609148 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3132-15.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Interneurons are essential to controlling excitability, timing, and synaptic integration in neuronal networks. Golgi cells (GoCs) serve these roles at the input layer of the cerebellar cortex by releasing GABA to inhibit granule cells (grcs). GoCs are excited by mossy fibers (MFs) and grcs and provide feedforward and feedback inhibition to grcs. Here we investigate two important aspects of GoC physiology: the properties of GoC dendrites and the role of calcium signaling in regulating GoC spontaneous activity. Although GoC dendrites are extensive, previous studies concluded they are devoid of voltage-gated ion channels. Hence, the current view holds that somatic voltage signals decay passively within GoC dendrites, and grc synapses onto distal dendrites are not amplified and are therefore ineffective at firing GoCs because of strong passive attenuation. Using whole-cell recording and calcium imaging in rat slices, we find that dendritic voltage-gated sodium channels allow somatic action potentials to activate voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) along the entire dendritic length, with R-type and T-type VGCCs preferentially located distally. We show that R- and T-type VGCCs located in the dendrites can boost distal synaptic inputs and promote burst firing. Active dendrites are thus critical to the regulation of GoC activity, and consequently, to the processing of input to the cerebellar cortex. In contrast, we find that N-type channels are preferentially located near the soma, and control the frequency and pattern of spontaneous firing through their close association with calcium-activated potassium (KCa) channels. Thus, VGCC types are differentially distributed and serve specialized functions within GoCs. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Interneurons are essential to neural processing because they modulate excitability, timing, and synaptic integration within circuits. At the input layer of the cerebellar cortex, a single type of interneuron, the Golgi cell (GoC), carries these functions. The extent of inhibition depends on both spontaneous activity of GoCs and the excitatory synaptic input they receive. In this study, we find that different types of calcium channels are differentially distributed, with dendritic calcium channels being activated by somatic activity, boosting synaptic inputs and enabling bursting, and somatic calcium cannels promoting regular firing. We therefore challenge the current view that GoC dendrites are passive and identify the mechanisms that contribute to GoCs regulating the flow of sensory information in the cerebellar cortex.
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Lalanne T, Oyrer J, Mancino A, Gregor E, Chung A, Huynh L, Burwell S, Maheux J, Farrant M, Sjöström PJ. Synapse-specific expression of calcium-permeable AMPA receptors in neocortical layer 5. J Physiol 2015; 594:837-61. [PMID: 26537662 PMCID: PMC4753277 DOI: 10.1113/jp271394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Key points In the hippocampus, calcium‐permeable AMPA receptors have been found in a restricted subset of neuronal types that inhibit other neurons, although their localization in the neocortex is less well understood. In the present study, we looked for calcium‐permeable AMPA receptors in two distinct populations of neocortical inhibitory neurons: basket cells and Martinotti cells. We found them in the former but not in the latter. Furthermore, in basket cells, these receptors were associated with particularly fast responses. Computer modelling predicted (and experiments verified) that fast calcium‐permeable AMPA receptors enable basket cells to respond rapidly, such that they promptly inhibit neighbouring cells and shut down activity. The results obtained in the present study help our understanding of pathologies such as stroke and epilepsy that have been associated with disordered regulation of calcium‐permeable AMPA receptors.
Abstract AMPA‐type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) lacking an edited GluA2 subunit are calcium‐permeable (CP) and contribute to synaptic plasticity in several hippocampal interneuron types, although their precise role in the neocortex is not well described. We explored the presence of CP‐AMPARs at pyramidal cell (PC) inputs to Martinotti cells (MCs) and basket cells (BCs) in layer 5 of the developing mouse visual cortex (postnatal days 12–21). GluA2 immunolabelling was stronger in MCs than in BCs. A differential presence of CP‐AMPARs at PC‐BC and PC‐MC synapses was confirmed electrophysiologically, based on measures of spermine‐dependent rectification and CP‐AMPAR blockade by 1‐naphtyl acetyl spermine using recordings from synaptically connected cell pairs, NPEC‐AMPA uncaging and miniature current recordings. In addition, CP‐AMPAR expression in BCs was correlated with rapidly decaying synaptic currents. Computer modelling predicted that this reduces spike latencies and sharpens suprathreshold responses in BCs, which we verified experimentally using the dynamic clamp technique. Thus, the synapse‐specific expression of CP‐AMPARs may critically influence both plasticity and information processing in neocortical microcircuits. In the hippocampus, calcium‐permeable AMPA receptors have been found in a restricted subset of neuronal types that inhibit other neurons, although their localization in the neocortex is less well understood. In the present study, we looked for calcium‐permeable AMPA receptors in two distinct populations of neocortical inhibitory neurons: basket cells and Martinotti cells. We found them in the former but not in the latter. Furthermore, in basket cells, these receptors were associated with particularly fast responses. Computer modelling predicted (and experiments verified) that fast calcium‐permeable AMPA receptors enable basket cells to respond rapidly, such that they promptly inhibit neighbouring cells and shut down activity. The results obtained in the present study help our understanding of pathologies such as stroke and epilepsy that have been associated with disordered regulation of calcium‐permeable AMPA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Txomin Lalanne
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julia Oyrer
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Adamo Mancino
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Erica Gregor
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrew Chung
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Louis Huynh
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sasha Burwell
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jérôme Maheux
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mark Farrant
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - P Jesper Sjöström
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
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Sibarov DA, Abushik PA, Poguzhelskaya EE, Bolshakov KV, Antonov SM. Inhibition of Plasma Membrane Na/Ca-Exchanger by KB-R7943 or Lithium Reveals Its Role in Ca-Dependent N-methyl-d-aspartate Receptor Inactivation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 355:484-95. [PMID: 26391160 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.227173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the possible role of the plasma membrane Na(+)/Ca(2+)-exchanger (NCX) in regulation of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors (NMDARs), we studied effects of 2-[2-[4-(4-nitrobenzyloxy) phenyl]ethyl]isothiourea methanesulfonate (KB-R7943; KBR) and lithium (inhibitors of NCX) on NMDA-elicited whole-cell currents using the patch-clamp technique on rat cortical neurons and human embryonic kidney 293T cells expressing recombinant NMDARs. KBR inhibited NMDAR currents in a voltage-independent manner with similar potency for receptors of GluN1/2A and GluN1/2B subunit compositions that excludes open-channel block and GluN2B-selective inhibition. The inhibition by KBR depended on glycine (Gly) concentration. At 30 μM NMDA, the KBR IC50 values were 5.3 ± 0.1 and 41.2 ± 8.8 μM for 1 and 300 μM Gly, respectively. Simultaneous application of NMDA + KBR in the absence of Gly induced robust inward NMDAR currents that peaked and then rapidly decreased. KBR, therefore, is an agonist (EC50 is 1.18 ± 0.16 µM) of the GluN1 subunit coagonist binding sites. The decrease of NMDA-elicited currents in the presence of KBR was abolished in Ca(2+)-free solution and was not observed in the presence of extracellular Ca(2+) on 1,2-Bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid-loaded neurons, suggesting that Ca(2+) affects NMDARs from the cytosol. In agreement, the substitution of Li(+) for extracellular Na(+) caused a considerable decrease of NMDAR currents, which was not observed in the absence of extracellular Ca(2+). Most likely, the accumulation of intracellular Ca(2+) is caused by the inhibition of Ca(2+) extrusion via NCX. Thus, KBR and Li(+) provoke Ca(2+)-dependent receptor inactivation due to the disruption of Ca(2+) extrusion by the NCX. The data reveal the role of NCX in regulation of Ca(2+)-dependent inactivation of NMDARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A Sibarov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Polina A Abushik
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina E Poguzhelskaya
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Konstantin V Bolshakov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergei M Antonov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Galván EJ, Pérez-Rosello T, Gómez-Lira G, Lara E, Gutiérrez R, Barrionuevo G. Synapse-specific compartmentalization of signaling cascades for LTP induction in CA3 interneurons. Neuroscience 2015; 290:332-45. [PMID: 25637803 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitory interneurons with somata in strata radiatum and lacunosum-molecular (SR/L-M) of hippocampal area CA3 receive excitatory input from pyramidal cells via the recurrent collaterals (RCs), and the dentate gyrus granule cells via the mossy fibers (MFs). Here we demonstrate that Hebbian long-term potentiation (LTP) at RC synapses on SR/L-M interneurons requires the concomitant activation of calcium-impermeable AMPARs (CI-AMPARs) and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs). RC LTP was prevented by voltage clamping the postsynaptic cell during high-frequency stimulation (HFS; 3 trains of 100 pulses delivered at 100 Hz every 10s), with intracellular injections of the Ca(2+) chelator BAPTA (20mM), and with the NMDAR antagonist D-AP5. In separate experiments, RC and MF inputs converging onto the same interneuron were sequentially activated. We found that RC LTP induction was blocked by inhibitors of the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII; KN-62, 10 μM or KN-93, 10 μM) but MF LTP was CaMKII independent. Conversely, the application of the protein kinase A (PKA) activators forskolin/IBMX (50 μM/25 μM) potentiated MF EPSPs but not RC EPSPs. Together these data indicate that the aspiny dendrites of SR/L-M interneurons compartmentalize synapse-specific Ca(2+) signaling required for LTP induction at RC and MF synapses. We also show that the two signal transduction cascades converge to activate a common effector, protein kinase C (PKC). Specifically, LTP at RC and MF synapses on the same SR/LM interneuron was blocked by postsynaptic injections of chelerythrine (10 μM). These data indicate that both forms of LTP share a common mechanism involving PKC-dependent signaling modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Galván
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav Sede Sur, México City, Mexico.
| | - T Pérez-Rosello
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - G Gómez-Lira
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav Sede Sur, México City, Mexico
| | - E Lara
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav Sede Sur, México City, Mexico
| | - R Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav Sede Sur, México City, Mexico
| | - G Barrionuevo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Polavaram S, Gillette TA, Parekh R, Ascoli GA. Statistical analysis and data mining of digital reconstructions of dendritic morphologies. Front Neuroanat 2014; 8:138. [PMID: 25538569 PMCID: PMC4255610 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2014.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal morphology is diverse among animal species, developmental stages, brain regions, and cell types. The geometry of individual neurons also varies substantially even within the same cell class. Moreover, specific histological, imaging, and reconstruction methodologies can differentially affect morphometric measures. The quantitative characterization of neuronal arbors is necessary for in-depth understanding of the structure-function relationship in nervous systems. The large collection of community-contributed digitally reconstructed neurons available at NeuroMorpho.Org constitutes a “big data” research opportunity for neuroscience discovery beyond the approaches typically pursued in single laboratories. To illustrate these potential and related challenges, we present a database-wide statistical analysis of dendritic arbors enabling the quantification of major morphological similarities and differences across broadly adopted metadata categories. Furthermore, we adopt a complementary unsupervised approach based on clustering and dimensionality reduction to identify the main morphological parameters leading to the most statistically informative structural classification. We find that specific combinations of measures related to branching density, overall size, tortuosity, bifurcation angles, arbor flatness, and topological asymmetry can capture anatomically and functionally relevant features of dendritic trees. The reported results only represent a small fraction of the relationships available for data exploration and hypothesis testing enabled by sharing of digital morphological reconstructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridevi Polavaram
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Center for Neural Informatics, Structures, and Plasticity, Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Todd A Gillette
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Center for Neural Informatics, Structures, and Plasticity, Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Ruchi Parekh
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Center for Neural Informatics, Structures, and Plasticity, Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Giorgio A Ascoli
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Center for Neural Informatics, Structures, and Plasticity, Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University Fairfax, VA, USA
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de Juan-Sanz J, Núñez E, Zafra F, Berrocal M, Corbacho I, Ibáñez I, Arribas-González E, Marcos D, López-Corcuera B, Mata AM, Aragón C. Presynaptic control of glycine transporter 2 (GlyT2) by physical and functional association with plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA) and Na+-Ca2+ exchanger (NCX). J Biol Chem 2014; 289:34308-24. [PMID: 25315779 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.586966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fast inhibitory glycinergic transmission occurs in spinal cord, brainstem, and retina to modulate the processing of motor and sensory information. After synaptic vesicle fusion, glycine is recovered back to the presynaptic terminal by the neuronal glycine transporter 2 (GlyT2) to maintain quantal glycine content in synaptic vesicles. The loss of presynaptic GlyT2 drastically impairs the refilling of glycinergic synaptic vesicles and severely disrupts neurotransmission. Indeed, mutations in the gene encoding GlyT2 are the main presynaptic cause of hyperekplexia in humans. Here, we show a novel endogenous regulatory mechanism that can modulate GlyT2 activity based on a compartmentalized interaction between GlyT2, neuronal plasma membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase (PMCA) isoforms 2 and 3, and Na(+)/Ca(2+)-exchanger 1 (NCX1). This GlyT2·PMCA2,3·NCX1 complex is found in lipid raft subdomains where GlyT2 has been previously found to be fully active. We show that endogenous PMCA and NCX activities are necessary for GlyT2 activity and that this modulation depends on lipid raft integrity. Besides, we propose a model in which GlyT2·PMCA2-3·NCX complex would help Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase in controlling local Na(+) increases derived from GlyT2 activity after neurotransmitter release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime de Juan-Sanz
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065
| | - Enrique Núñez
- the Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa," Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049-Madrid, Spain, the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, 46009-Valencia, Spain, the IdiPAZ-Hospital, Universitario La Paz, 28046-Madrid, Spain, and
| | - Francisco Zafra
- the Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa," Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049-Madrid, Spain, the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, 46009-Valencia, Spain, the IdiPAZ-Hospital, Universitario La Paz, 28046-Madrid, Spain, and
| | - María Berrocal
- the Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006-Badajoz, Spain
| | - Isaac Corbacho
- the Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006-Badajoz, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ibáñez
- the Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa," Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049-Madrid, Spain, the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, 46009-Valencia, Spain, the IdiPAZ-Hospital, Universitario La Paz, 28046-Madrid, Spain, and
| | - Esther Arribas-González
- the Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa," Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049-Madrid, Spain, the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, 46009-Valencia, Spain, the IdiPAZ-Hospital, Universitario La Paz, 28046-Madrid, Spain, and
| | - Daniel Marcos
- the Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006-Badajoz, Spain
| | - Beatriz López-Corcuera
- the Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa," Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049-Madrid, Spain, the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, 46009-Valencia, Spain, the IdiPAZ-Hospital, Universitario La Paz, 28046-Madrid, Spain, and
| | - Ana M Mata
- the Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006-Badajoz, Spain
| | - Carmen Aragón
- the Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa," Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049-Madrid, Spain, the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, 46009-Valencia, Spain, the IdiPAZ-Hospital, Universitario La Paz, 28046-Madrid, Spain, and
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Joint CP-AMPA and group I mGlu receptor activation is required for synaptic plasticity in dentate gyrus fast-spiking interneurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:13211-6. [PMID: 25161282 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1409394111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal principal cell (PC) assemblies provide the brain with a mnemonic representation of space. It is assumed that the formation of cell assemblies is supported by long-lasting modification of glutamatergic synapses onto perisomatic inhibitory interneurons (PIIs), which provide powerful feedback inhibition to neuronal networks. Repetitive activation of dentate gyrus PIIs by excitatory mossy fiber (MF) inputs induces Hebbian long-term potentiation (LTP). In contrast, long-term depression (LTD) emerges in the absence of PII activity. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying synaptic plasticity in PIIs. Here, we examined the role of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors 1 and 5 (mGluRs1/5) in inducing plastic changes at MF-PII synapses. We found that mGluRs1/5 are located perisynaptically and that pharmacological block of mGluR1 or mGluR5 abolished MF-LTP. In contrast, their exogenous activation was insufficient to induce MF-LTP but cleared MF-LTD. No LTP could be elicited in PIIs loaded with blockers of G protein signaling and Ca(2+)-dependent PKC. Two-photon imaging revealed that the intracellular Ca(2+) rise necessary for MF-LTP was largely mediated by Ca(2+)-permeable AMPA receptors (CP-AMPARs), but less by NMDA receptors or mGluRs1/5. Thus, our data indicate that fast Ca(2+) signaling via CP-AMPARs and slow G protein-mediated signaling via mGluRs1/5 converge to a PKC-dependent molecular pathway to induce Hebbian MF-LTP. We further propose that Hebbian activation of mGluRs1/5 gates PIIs into a "readiness mode" to promote MF-LTP, which, in turn, will support timed PII recruitment, thereby assisting in PC assembly formation.
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45
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Localising and classifying neurons from high density MEA recordings. J Neurosci Methods 2014; 233:115-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Hsieh JH, Stein DJ, Howells FM. The neurobiology of methamphetamine induced psychosis. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:537. [PMID: 25100979 PMCID: PMC4105632 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic methamphetamine abuse commonly leads to psychosis, with positive and cognitive symptoms that are similar to those of schizophrenia. Methamphetamine induced psychosis (MAP) can persist and diagnoses of MAP often change to a diagnosis of schizophrenia over time. Studies in schizophrenia have found much evidence of cortical GABAergic dysfunction. Methamphetamine psychosis is a well studied model for schizophrenia, however there is little research on the effects of methamphetamine on cortical GABAergic function in the model, and the neurobiology of MAP is unknown. This paper reviews the effects of methamphetamine on dopaminergic pathways, with focus on its ability to increase glutamate release in the cortex. Excess cortical glutamate would likely damage GABAergic interneurons, and evidence of this disturbance as a result of methamphetamine treatment will be discussed. We propose that cortical GABAergic interneurons are particularly vulnerable to glutamate overflow as a result of subcellular location of NMDA receptors on interneurons in the cortex. Damage to cortical GABAergic function would lead to dysregulation of cortical signals, resulting in psychosis, and further support MAP as a model for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H. Hsieh
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape TownWestern Cape, South Africa
| | | | - Fleur M. Howells
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape TownWestern Cape, South Africa
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Dendritic calcium nonlinearities switch the direction of synaptic plasticity in fast-spiking interneurons. J Neurosci 2014; 34:3864-77. [PMID: 24623765 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2253-13.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Postsynaptic calcium (Ca2+) nonlinearities allow neuronal coincidence detection and site-specific plasticity. Whether such events exist in dendrites of interneurons and play a role in regulation of synaptic efficacy remains unknown. Here, we used a combination of whole-cell patch-clamp recordings and two-photon Ca2+ imaging to reveal Ca2+ nonlinearities associated with synaptic integration in dendrites of mouse hippocampal CA1 fast-spiking interneurons. Local stimulation of distal dendritic branches within stratum oriens/alveus elicited fast Ca2+ transients, which showed a steep sigmoidal relationship to stimulus intensity. Supralinear Ca2+ events required Ca2+ entry through AMPA receptors with a subsequent Ca2+ release from internal stores. To investigate the functional significance of supralinear Ca2+ signals, we examined activity-dependent fluctuations in transmission efficacy triggered by Ca2+ signals of different amplitudes at excitatory synapses of interneurons. Subthreshold theta-burst stimulation (TBS) produced small amplitude postsynaptic Ca2+ transients and triggered long-term potentiation. In contrast, the suprathreshold TBS, which was associated with the generation of supralinear Ca2+ events, triggered long-term depression. Blocking group I/II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) during suprathreshold TBS resulted in a slight reduction of supralinear Ca2+ events and induction of short-term depression. In contrast, blocking internal stores and supralinear Ca2+ signals during suprathreshold TBS switched the direction of plasticity from depression back to potentiation. These data reveal a novel type of supralinear Ca2+ events at synapses lacking the GluA2 AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors and demonstrate a general mechanism by which Ca2+ -permeable AMPA receptors, together with internal stores and mGluRs, control the direction of plasticity at interneuron excitatory synapses.
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48
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Chiovini B, Turi G, Katona G, Kaszás A, Pálfi D, Maák P, Szalay G, Szabó M, Szabó G, Szadai Z, Káli S, Rózsa B. Dendritic Spikes Induce Ripples in Parvalbumin Interneurons during Hippocampal Sharp Waves. Neuron 2014; 82:908-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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49
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Tuning local calcium availability: cell-type-specific immobile calcium buffer capacity in hippocampal neurons. J Neurosci 2013; 33:14431-45. [PMID: 24005295 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4118-12.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It has remained difficult to ascribe a specific functional role to immobile or fixed intracellular calcium buffers in central neurons because the amount of these buffers is unknown. Here, we explicitly isolated the fixed buffer fraction by prolonged whole-cell patch-clamp dialysis and quantified its buffering capacity in murine hippocampal slices using confocal calcium imaging and the "added-buffer" approach. In dentate granule cells, the calcium binding ratio (κ) after complete washout of calbindin D28k (Cb), κfixed, displayed a substantial value of ∼100. In contrast, in CA1 oriens lacunosum moleculare (OLM) interneurons, which do not contain any known calcium-binding protein(s), κfixed amounted to only ∼30. Based on these values, a theoretical analysis of dendritic spread of calcium after local entry showed that fixed buffers, in the absence of mobile species, decrease intracellular calcium mobility 100- and 30-fold in granule cells and OLM cells, respectively, and thereby strongly slow calcium signals. Although the large κfixed alone strongly delays the spread of calcium in granule cells, this value optimizes the benefits of additionally expressing the mobile calcium binding protein Cb. With such high κfixed, Cb effectively increases the propagation velocity to levels seen in OLM cells and, contrary to expectation, does not affect the peak calcium concentration close to the source but sharpens the spatial and temporal calcium gradients. The data suggest that the amount of fixed buffers determines the temporal availability of calcium for calcium-binding partners and plays a pivotal role in setting the repertoire of cellular calcium signaling regimens.
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50
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Hyde J, Kezunovic N, Urbano FJ, Garcia-Rill E. Spatiotemporal properties of high-speed calcium oscillations in the pedunculopontine nucleus. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2013; 115:1402-14. [PMID: 23990242 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00762.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) is a component of the reticular activating system (RAS), and is involved in the activated states of waking and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Gamma oscillations (approximately 30-80 Hz) are evident in all PPN neurons and are mediated by high-threshold voltage-dependent N- and P/Q-type calcium channels. We tested the hypothesis that high-speed calcium imaging would reveal calcium-mediated oscillations in dendritic compartments in synchrony with patch-clamp recorded oscillations during depolarizing current ramps. Patch-clamped 8- to 16-day-old rat PPN neurons (n = 67 out of 121) were filled with Fura 2, Bis Fura, or OGB1/CHR. This study also characterized a novel ratiometric technique using Oregon Green BAPTA-1 (OGB1) with coinjections of a new long-stokes-shift dye, Chromeo 494 (CHR). Fluorescent calcium transients were blocked with the nonspecific calcium channel blocker cadmium, or by the combination of ω-agatoxin-IVA, a specific P/Q-type calcium channel blocker, and ω-conotoxin-GVIA, a specific N-type calcium channel blocker. The calcium transients were evident in different dendrites (suggesting channels are present throughout the dendritic tree) along the sampled length without interruption (suggesting channels are evenly distributed), and appeared to represent a summation of oscillations present in the soma. We confirm that PPN calcium channel-mediated oscillations are due to P/Q- and N-type channels, and reveal that these channels are distributed along the dendrites of PPN cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Hyde
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neurobiology & Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
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