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Wang X, Zhang W, Tang J, Huang R, Li J, Xu D, Xie Y, Jiang R, Deng L, Zhang X, Chai Y, Qin X, Sun B. LINC01225 promotes occurrence and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma in an epidermal growth factor receptor-dependent pathway. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2130. [PMID: 26938303 PMCID: PMC4823934 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have long been clarified to participate in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as a biomarker. We carried out the present study in order to identify HCC-related lncRNAs and elucidate the functional roles in the development and progression of HCC. Our previous study has provided that LINC01225 may be an HCC-related gene. Here, we verified that LINC01225 was upregulated in HCC. Knockdown of LINC01225 resulted in inhibited cell proliferation and invasion with activated apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in vitro. Overexpression of LINC01225 in LINC01225 knockdown cells presented that attenuated cell proliferation and invasion were restored and enhanced. Subcutaneous and tail vein/intraperitoneal injection xenotransplantation model in vivo validated reduced tumor progression and metastasis. Investigation of mechanism found that LINC01225 could bind to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and increase the protein level of EGFR, and subsequently fine tune the EGFR/Ras/Raf-1/MEK/MAPK signaling pathway. Analysis with clinicopathological information suggested a high expression of LINC01225 is positively associated with poor prognosis. We also proved that LINC01225 was stably expressed in serum and can act as a novel biomarker in predicting the diagnosis of HCC. As a conclusion, LINC01225 plays a crucial role in HCC and can act as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center For Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - W Zhang
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center For Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - J Tang
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center For Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - R Huang
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center For Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - J Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - D Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Y Xie
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center For Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - R Jiang
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center For Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - L Deng
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center For Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - X Zhang
- The Affiliated Changzhou NO.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Y Chai
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center For Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - X Qin
- The Affiliated Changzhou NO.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - B Sun
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center For Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
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Xi X, Li B, Chen T, Kwok HF. A review on bradykinin-related peptides isolated from amphibian skin secretion. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:951-70. [PMID: 25793726 PMCID: PMC4379535 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7030951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphibian skin secretion has great potential for drug discovery and contributes hundreds of bioactive peptides including bradykinin-related peptides (BRPs). More than 50 BRPs have been reported in the last two decades arising from the skin secretion of amphibian species. They belong to the families Ascaphidae (1 species), Bombinatoridae (3 species), Hylidae (9 speices) and Ranidae (25 species). This paper presents the diversity of structural characteristics of BRPs with N-terminal, C-terminal extension and amino acid substitution. The further comparison of cDNA-encoded prepropeptides between the different species and families demonstrated that there are various forms of kininogen precursors to release BRPs and they constitute important evidence in amphibian evolution. The pharmacological activities of isolated BRPs exhibited unclear structure–function relationships, and therefore the scope for drug discovery and development is limited. However, their diversity shows new insights into biotechnological applications and, as a result, comprehensive and systematic studies of the physiological and pharmacological activities of BRPs from amphibian skin secretion are needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinping Xi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.
| | - Bin Li
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.
| | - Tianbao Chen
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Hang Fai Kwok
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
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Liu SH, Lu TH, Su CC, Lay IS, Lin HY, Fang KM, Ho TJ, Chen KL, Su YC, Chiang WC, Chen YW. Lotus leaf (Nelumbo nucifera) and its active constituents prevent inflammatory responses in macrophages via JNK/NF-κB signaling pathway. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2015; 42:869-89. [PMID: 25004880 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x14500554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a serious health issue worldwide that induces many diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), sepsis, acute pancreatitis and lung injury. Thus, there is a great deal of interest in new methods of limiting inflammation. In this study, we investigated the leaves of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn, an aquatic perennial plant cultivated in eastern Asia and India, in anti-inflammatory pharmacological effects in the murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7. Results showed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increased the protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and COX-2, as well as the mRNA expression and level of IL-6 and TNF-α, while NNE significantly reduced these effects of LPS. LPS also induced phospho-JNK protein expression. The JNK-specific inhibitor SP600125 decreased the proteins expression of phospho-JNK, iNOS, COX-2, and the mRNAs expression and levels of IL-6 and TNF-α. Further, NNE reduced the protein expression of phospho-JNK. LPS was also found to promote the translocation of NF-κB from the cytosol to the nucleus and to decrease the expression of cytosolic IκB. NNE and SP600125 treatment recovered the LPS-induced expression of NF-κB and IκB. While phospho-ERK and phospho-p38 induced by LPS, could not be reversed by NNE. To further investigate the major components of NNE in anti-inflammatory effects, we determined the quercetin and catechin in inflammatory signals. Results showed that quercetin and catechin significantly decreased the proteins expression of iNOS, COX-2 and phospho-JNK. Besides, the mRNAs and levels of IL-6 and TNF-α also decreased by quercetin and catechin treatment in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. These results showed that NNE and its major components quercetin and catechin exhibit anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting the JNK- and NF-κB-regulated pathways and could therefore be an useful anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shing-Hwa Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Zhang Y, Cardell LO, Edvinsson L, Xu CB. MAPK/NF-κB-dependent upregulation of kinin receptors mediates airway hyperreactivity: a new perspective for the treatment. Pharmacol Res 2013; 71:9-18. [PMID: 23428345 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Airway hyperreactivity (AHR) is a major feature of asthmatic and inflammatory airways. Cigarette smoke exposure, and bacterial and viral infections are well-known environmental risk factors for AHR, but knowledge about the underlying molecular mechanisms on how these risk factors lead to the development of AHR is limited. Activation of intracellular mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and their related signal pathways including protein kinase C (PKC), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathways may result in airway kinin receptor upregulation, which is suggested to play an important role in the development of AHR. Environmental risk factors trigger the production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukins (ILs) that activate intracellular MAPK- and NF-κB-dependent inflammatory pathways, which subsequently lead to AHR via kinin receptor upregulation. Blockage of intracellular MAPK/NF-κB signaling prevents kinin B₁ and B₂ receptor expression in the airways, resulting in a decrease in the response to bradykinin (kinin B₂ receptor agonist) and des-Arg⁹-bradykinin (kinin B₁ receptor agonist). This suggests that MAPK- and NF-κB-dependent kinin receptor upregulation can provide a novel option for treatment of AHR in asthmatic as well as in other inflammatory airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Zhang
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, People's Republic of China
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Black JL, Panettieri RA, Banerjee A, Berger P. Airway smooth muscle in asthma: just a target for bronchodilation? Clin Chest Med 2012; 33:543-58. [PMID: 22929101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2012.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Airway smooth muscle (ASM) has long been recognized as the main cell type responsible for bronchial hyperresponsiveness. It has, thus, been considered as a target for bronchodilation. In asthma, however, there is a complex relationship between ASM and inflammatory cells, such as mast cells and T lymphocytes. Moreover, the increased ASM mass in asthmatic airways is one of the key features of airway remodeling. This article aims to review the main concepts about the 3 possible roles of ASM in asthma: (1) contractile tone, (2) inflammatory response, and (3) remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith L Black
- University of Sydney, Discipline of Pharmacology and Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
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6
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Amrani Y, Syed F, Huang C, Li K, Liu V, Jain D, Keslacy S, Sims MW, Baidouri H, Cooper PR, Zhao H, Siddiqui S, Brightling CE, Griswold D, Li L, Panettieri RA. Expression and activation of the oxytocin receptor in airway smooth muscle cells: Regulation by TNFalpha and IL-13. Respir Res 2010; 11:104. [PMID: 20670427 PMCID: PMC2922094 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-11-104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During pregnancy asthma may remain stable, improve or worsen. The factors underlying the deleterious effect of pregnancy on asthma remain unknown. Oxytocin is a neurohypophyseal protein that regulates a number of central and peripheral responses such as uterine contractions and milk ejection. Additional evidence suggests that oxytocin regulates inflammatory processes in other tissues given the ubiquitous expression of the oxytocin receptor. The purpose of this study was to define the role of oxytocin in modulating human airway smooth muscle (HASMCs) function in the presence and absence of IL-13 and TNFα, cytokines known to be important in asthma. Method Expression of oxytocin receptor in cultured HASMCs was performed by real time PCR and flow cytomery assays. Responses to oxytocin was assessed by fluorimetry to detect calcium signals while isolated tracheal rings and precision cut lung slices (PCLS) were used to measure contractile responses. Finally, ELISA was used to compare oxytocin levels in the bronchoalveloar lavage (BAL) samples from healthy subjects and those with asthma. Results PCR analysis demonstrates that OXTR is expressed in HASMCs under basal conditions and that both interleukin (IL)-13 and tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) stimulate a time-dependent increase in OXTR expression at 6 and 18 hr. Additionally, oxytocin increases cytosolic calcium levels in fura-2-loaded HASMCs that were enhanced in cells treated for 24 hr with IL-13. Interestingly, TNFα had little effect on oxytocin-induced calcium response despite increasing receptor expression. Using isolated murine tracheal rings and PCLS, oxytocin also promoted force generation and airway narrowing. Further, oxytocin levels are detectable in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid derived from healthy subjects as well as from those with asthma. Conclusion Taken together, we show that cytokines modulate the expression of functional oxytocin receptors in HASMCs suggesting a potential role for inflammation-induced changes in oxytocin receptor signaling in the regulation of airway hyper-responsiveness in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassine Amrani
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, TRL Suite 1200, 125 South 31st Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Guo LY, Liu P. Research progress in the mechanism of renal vasoconstriction in hepatorenal syndrome. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2008; 16:982-986. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v16.i9.982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is defined as the development of renal failure in patients with severe liver disease in the absence of any other identifiable cause of renal pathology. The hallmark of HRS is renal vasoconstriction. The cause of renal vasoconstriction may involve several factors: activation of renal nervous system, imbalance of renal vasoactive mediators and molecular mechanism. In this review, we summarize the above progress.
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CB2 cannabinoid receptor agonists attenuate TNF-alpha-induced human vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 153:347-57. [PMID: 17994109 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Vascular smooth muscle proliferation and migration triggered by inflammatory stimuli are involved in the development and progression of atherosclerosis and restenosis. Cannabinoids may modulate cell proliferation in various cell types through cannabinoid 2 (CB2) receptors. Here, we investigated the effects of CB2 receptor agonists on TNF-alpha-induced proliferation, migration and signal transduction in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMCs). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH HCASMCs were stimulated with TNF-alpha. Smooth muscle proliferation was determined by the extent of BrdU incorporation and the migration was assayed by modified Boyden chamber. CB2 and/or CB1 receptor expressions were determined by immunofluorescence staining, western blotting, RT-PCR, real-time PCR and flow cytometry. KEY RESULTS Low levels of CB2 and CB1 receptors were detectable in HCASMCs compared to the high levels of CB2 receptors expressed in THP-1 monocytes. TNF-alpha triggered up to approximately 80% increase (depending on the method used) in CB2 receptor mRNA and/or protein expression in HCASMCs, and induced Ras, p38 MAPK, ERK 1/2, SAPK/JNK and Akt activation, while increasing proliferation and migration. The CB2 agonists, JWH-133 and HU-308, dose-dependently attenuated these effects of TNF-alpha. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Since the above-mentioned TNF-alpha-induced phenotypic changes are critical in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis and restenosis, our findings suggest that CB2 agonists may offer a novel approach in the treatment of these pathologies by decreasing vascular smooth muscle proliferation and migration.
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Lazaar AL, Panettieri RA. Airway smooth muscle as a regulator of immune responses and bronchomotor tone. Clin Chest Med 2006; 27:53-69, vi. [PMID: 16543052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2005.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The traditional view of airway smooth muscle (ASM) in asthma, as a purely contractile tissue, seems to be inadequate. Compelling evidence now suggests that ASM plays an important role in regulating bronchomotor tone, in perpetuating airway inflammation, and in remodeling of the airways. This article reviews three distinct functions of ASM cells: the process of excitation-contraction coupling, with a particular focus on the role of cytokines in modulating calcium responses; the processes of smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration; and the synthetic and immunomodulatory function of ASM cells. This article also discusses how altered synthetic function contributes to airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aili L Lazaar
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, BRB II/III, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, USA.
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10
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Kim JH, Jain D, Tliba O, Yang B, Jester WF, Panettieri RA, Amrani Y, Puré E. TGF-beta potentiates airway smooth muscle responsiveness to bradykinin. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2005; 289:L511-20. [PMID: 15923209 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00027.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms by which bradykinin induces excessive airway obstruction in asthmatics remain unknown. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta has been involved in regulating airway inflammation and remodeling in asthma, although it is unknown whether TGF-beta can modulate bradykinin-associated bronchial hyperresponsiveness. To test whether TGF-beta directly modulates airway smooth muscle (ASM) responsiveness to bradykinin, isolated murine tracheal rings were used to assess whether TGF-beta alters ASM contractile responsiveness to bradykinin. Interestingly, we found TGF-beta-treated murine rings (12.5 ng/ml, 18 h) exhibited increased expression of bradykinin 2 (B(2)) receptors and became hyperreactive to bradykinin, as shown by increases in maximal contractile responses and receptor distribution. We investigated the effect of TGF-beta on bradykinin-evoked calcium signals since calcium is a key molecule regulating ASM excitation-contraction coupling. We reported that TGF-beta, in a dose- (0.5-10 ng/ml) and time- (2-24 h) dependent manner, increased mRNA and protein expression of the B(2) receptor in cultured human ASM cells. Maximal B(2) receptor protein expression that colocalized with CD44, a marker of membrane cell surface, occurred after 18 h of TGF-beta treatment and was further confirmed using fluorescence microscopy. TGF-beta (2.5 ng/ml, 18 h) also increased bradykinin-induced intracellular calcium mobilization in fura-2-loaded ASM cells. TGF-beta-mediated enhancement of calcium mobilization was not attenuated with indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor. These data demonstrate for the first time that TGF-beta may play a role in mediating airway hyperresponsiveness to bradykinin seen in asthmatics by enhancing ASM contractile responsiveness to bradykinin, possibly as a result of increased B(2) receptor expression and signaling.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Bradykinin/pharmacology
- Calcium/metabolism
- Calcium Signaling/drug effects
- Calcium Signaling/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Drug Synergism
- In Vitro Techniques
- Indomethacin/pharmacology
- Isometric Contraction/drug effects
- Isometric Contraction/physiology
- Lung/drug effects
- Lung/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Muscle, Smooth/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth/physiology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/physiology
- Receptor, Bradykinin B2/metabolism
- Respiratory Hypersensitivity/physiopathology
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny H Kim
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Dept. of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Orshal JM, Khalil RA. Interleukin-6 impairs endothelium-dependent NO-cGMP-mediated relaxation and enhances contraction in systemic vessels of pregnant rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2004; 286:R1013-23. [PMID: 15142856 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00729.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
IL-6 is elevated in plasma of preeclamptic women, and twofold elevation of plasma IL-6 increases vascular resistance and arterial pressure in pregnant rats, suggesting a role of the cytokine in hypertension of pregnancy. However, whether the hemodynamic effects of IL-6 reflect direct effects of the cytokine on the mechanisms of vascular contraction/relaxation is unclear. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that IL-6 directly impairs endothelium-dependent relaxation and enhances vascular contraction in systemic vessels of pregnant rats. Active stress was measured in aortic strips isolated from virgin and late pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats and then nontreated or treated for 1 h with IL-6 (10 pg/ml to 10 ng/ml). In endothelium-intact vascular strips, phenylephrine (Phe, 10(-5) M) caused an increase in active stress that was smaller in pregnant (4.2 +/- 0.3) than virgin rats (5.1 +/- 0.3 x 10(4) N/m(2)). IL-6 (1,000 pg/ml) caused enhancement of Phe contraction that was greater in pregnant (10.6 +/- 0.7) than virgin rats (7.5 +/- 0.4 x 10(4) N/m(2)). ACh and bradykinin caused relaxation of Phe contraction and increases in vascular nitrite production that were greater in pregnant than virgin rats. IL-6 caused reductions in ACh- and bradykinin-induced vascular relaxation and nitrite production that were more prominent in pregnant than virgin rats. Incubation of endothelium-intact strips in the presence of N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (10(-4) M) to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) synthase, or 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3]-quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ, 10(-5) M) to inhibit cGMP production in smooth muscle, inhibited ACh-induced relaxation and enhanced Phe-induced stress in nontreated but to a lesser extent in IL-6-treated vessels, particularly those of pregnant rats. Removal of the endothelium enhanced Phe-induced stress in nontreated but not IL-6-treated vessels, particularly those of pregnant rats. In endothelium-denuded strips, relaxation of Phe contraction with sodium nitroprusside, an exogenous NO donor, was not different between nontreated and IL-6-treated vessels of virgin or pregnant rats. Thus IL-6 inhibits endothelium-dependent NO-cGMP-mediated relaxation and enhances contraction in systemic vessels of virgin and pregnant rats. The greater IL-6-induced inhibition of vascular relaxation and enhancement of contraction in systemic vessels of pregnant rats supports a direct role for IL-6 as one possible mediator of the increased vascular resistance associated with hypertension of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Orshal
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Roxbury, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Chen H, Tliba O, Van Besien CR, Panettieri RA, Amrani Y. TNF-[alpha] modulates murine tracheal rings responsiveness to G-protein-coupled receptor agonists and KCl. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2003; 95:864-72; discussion 863. [PMID: 12730147 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00140.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the mechanisms that underlie airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma are complex and involve a variety of factors, evidence now suggests that intrinsic abnormalities in airway smooth muscle (ASM) may play an important role. We previously reported that TNF-alpha, a cytokine involved in asthma, augments G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) agonist-evoked calcium responses in cultured ASM cells. Here we have extended our previous studies by investigating whether TNF-alpha also modulates the contractile and relaxant responses to GPCR activation using cultured murine tracheal rings. We found that in tracheal rings treated with 50 ng/ml TNF-alpha, carbachol-induced isometric force was significantly increased by 30% compared with those treated with diluent alone (P < 0.05). TNF-alpha also augmented KCl-induced force generation by 70% compared with rings treated with diluent alone (P < 0.01). The enhancing effect of TNF-alpha on carbachol-induced isometric force generation was completely abrogated in the tracheal rings obtained from TNF-alpha receptor (TNFR)1-deficient mice and in control rings treated with a TNF-alpha mutant that solely activates TNFR2. TNF-alpha also attenuated relaxation responsiveness to isoproterenol but not to PGE2 or forskolin. TNF-alpha modulatory effects on GPCR-induced ASM responsiveness were completely abrogated by pertussis toxin, an inhibitor of Gialpha proteins. Taken together, these data suggest that TNF-alpha may participate in the development of airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma via the modulation of ASM responsiveness to both contractile and beta-adrenoceptor GPCR agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Chen
- Deparment of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 1904, USA
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13
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Giardina JB, Green GM, Cockrell KL, Granger JP, Khalil RA. TNF-alpha enhances contraction and inhibits endothelial NO-cGMP relaxation in systemic vessels of pregnant rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2002; 283:R130-43. [PMID: 12069938 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00704.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is elevated in the plasma of preeclamptic women and may have a role in pregnancy-induced hypertension. However, whether the hemodynamic effects of TNF-alpha reflect the direct effects on vascular reactivity is unclear. We tested the hypothesis that TNF-alpha impairs endothelium-dependent relaxation and enhances vascular contraction in systemic vessels of pregnant rats. We measured isometric contraction in aortic strips isolated from virgin and pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats (nontreated vs. treated for 2 h with 10-1,000 pg/ml TNF-alpha). In endothelium-intact vascular strips, TNF-alpha caused greater enhancement of phenylephrine (Phe) contraction in pregnant than virgin rats. TNF-alpha caused significant inhibition of ACh- and bradykinin-induced vascular relaxation and nitrite/nitrate production that were more prominent in pregnant than virgin rats. N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester [L-NAME, 100 microM, an inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthase] or 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3]-quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ, 1 microM, an inhibitor of cGMP production in smooth muscle) inhibited ACh relaxation and enhanced Phe contraction in nontreated but to a lesser extent in TNF-alpha-treated vessels, particularly those of pregnant rats. Endothelium removal enhanced Phe contraction in nontreated but not TNF-alpha-treated vessels, especially those of pregnant rats. Relaxation of Phe contraction with the NO donor sodium nitroprusside was not different between nontreated and TNF-alpha-treated vessels. Thus TNF-alpha enhances vascular contraction and inhibits endothelium-dependent NO-cGMP-mediated vascular relaxation in systemic vessels, particularly those of pregnant rats. The results support a direct role for TNF-alpha as a possible mediator of increased vascular resistance associated with pregnancy-induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jena B Giardina
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, USA
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Amrani Y, Panettieri RA. Modulation of calcium homeostasis as a mechanism for altering smooth muscle responsiveness in asthma. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2002; 2:39-45. [PMID: 11964749 DOI: 10.1097/00130832-200202000-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Airway hyperresponsiveness remains a defining characteristic of asthma. Traditional views assert that airway smooth muscle is an important structural effector cell in the bronchi that modulates bronchomotor tone induced by contractile agonists. New evidence, however, suggests that abnormalities in airway smooth muscle functions, induced by variety of extracellular stimuli, may play an important role in the development of airway hyperresponsiveness. Studies using isolated bronchial preparations or cultured cells show that inflammatory mediators and cytokines may alter calcium homeostasis in airway smooth muscle and render the cells nonspecifically hyperreactive to agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassine Amrani
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, 848 BRB II/III, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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