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Fanaro GB, Marques MR, Calaza KDC, Brito R, Pessoni AM, Mendonça HR, Lemos DEDA, de Brito Alves JL, de Souza EL, Cavalcanti Neto MP. New Insights on Dietary Polyphenols for the Management of Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation in Diabetic Retinopathy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1237. [PMID: 37371967 PMCID: PMC10295526 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a neurodegenerative and vascular pathology that is considered one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide, resulting from complications of advanced diabetes mellitus (DM). Current therapies consist of protocols aiming to alleviate the existing clinical signs associated with microvascular alterations limited to the advanced disease stages. In response to the low resolution and limitations of the DR treatment, there is an urgent need to develop more effective alternative therapies to optimize glycemic, vascular, and neuronal parameters, including the reduction in the cellular damage promoted by inflammation and oxidative stress. Recent evidence has shown that dietary polyphenols reduce oxidative and inflammatory parameters of various diseases by modulating multiple cell signaling pathways and gene expression, contributing to the improvement of several chronic diseases, including metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. However, despite the growing evidence for the bioactivities of phenolic compounds, there is still a lack of data, especially from human studies, on the therapeutic potential of these substances. This review aims to comprehensively describe and clarify the effects of dietary phenolic compounds on the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in DR, especially those of oxidative and inflammatory nature, through evidence from experimental studies. Finally, the review highlights the potential of dietary phenolic compounds as a prophylactic and therapeutic strategy and the need for further clinical studies approaching the efficacy of these substances in DR management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Bernardes Fanaro
- Institute of Health and Biotechnology, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus 69460000, Amazonas, Brazil;
| | | | - Karin da Costa Calaza
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói 24210201, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
| | - Rafael Brito
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói 24210201, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
| | | | - Henrique Rocha Mendonça
- Institute of Biodiversity and Sustainability (NUPEM), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Macaé 27965045, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; (H.R.M.); (M.P.C.N.)
| | | | - José Luiz de Brito Alves
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051900, Paraíba, Brazil; (D.E.d.A.L.); (J.L.d.B.A.)
| | - Evandro Leite de Souza
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051900, Paraíba, Brazil; (D.E.d.A.L.); (J.L.d.B.A.)
| | - Marinaldo Pacífico Cavalcanti Neto
- Institute of Biodiversity and Sustainability (NUPEM), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Macaé 27965045, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; (H.R.M.); (M.P.C.N.)
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Shin DU, Eom JE, Song HJ, Jung SY, Nguyen TV, Lim KM, Chai OH, Kim HJ, Kim GD, Shin HS, Lee SY. Camellia sinensis L. Alleviates Pulmonary Inflammation Induced by Porcine Pancreas Elastase and Cigarette Smoke Extract. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091683. [PMID: 36139757 PMCID: PMC9495585 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) is the major factor in the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the third leading cause of death worldwide. Furthermore, although Camellia sinensis (CN) has been known as an anti-inflammatory material, the effect of CN has not yet been known on pulmonary inflammation in COPD. Thus, we investigated the protective effects of Camellia sinensis L. extract (CLE) against pulmonary inflammation in porcine pancreas elastase (PPE) and a cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced COPD mouse model. Oral administration of CLE suppressed the symptoms such as infiltration of immune cells, cytokines/chemokines secretion, mucus hypersecretion, and injuries of the lung parenchyma. Increased inflammatory responses in COPD are mediated by various immune cells such as airway epithelial cells, neutrophils, and alveolar macrophages. Thus, we investigated the effect and mechanisms of CLE in H292, HL-60, and MH-S cells. The CLE inhibited the expression of IL-6, IL-8, MUC5AC and MUC5B on CSE/LPS-stimulated H292 cells and also suppressed the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps and secretion of neutrophil elastase by inhibiting reactive oxygen species in PMA-induced HL-60 cells. In particular, the CLE suppressed the release of cytokines and chemokines caused by activating the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B via the activation of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 and the heme oxygenase-1 pathway in CSE/LPS-stimulated MH-S cells. Therefore, we suggest that the CLE administration be the effective approach for treating or preventing chronic pulmonary diseases such as COPD induced by CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Uk Shin
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute (KFRI), Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Eom
- Food Function Infrastructure Team, Korea Food Research Institute (KFRI), Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Ji Song
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute (KFRI), Wanju 55365, Korea
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Sun Young Jung
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute (KFRI), Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Thi Van Nguyen
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medical Science, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea
| | - Kyung Min Lim
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute (KFRI), Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Ok Hee Chai
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medical Science, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju 52828, Korea
- EZmass. Co., Ltd., 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju 55365, Korea
| | - Gun-Dong Kim
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute (KFRI), Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Hee Soon Shin
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute (KFRI), Wanju 55365, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.S.S.); (S.-Y.L.); Tel.: +82-63-219-9296 (H.S.S.); +82-63-219-9348 (S.-Y.L.)
| | - So-Young Lee
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute (KFRI), Wanju 55365, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.S.S.); (S.-Y.L.); Tel.: +82-63-219-9296 (H.S.S.); +82-63-219-9348 (S.-Y.L.)
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Klumbies K, Rust R, Dörr J, Konietschke F, Paul F, Bellmann-Strobl J, Brandt AU, Zimmermann HG. Retinal Thickness Analysis in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated With Epigallocatechin Gallate: Optical Coherence Tomography Results From the SUPREMES Study. Front Neurol 2021; 12:615790. [PMID: 33995239 PMCID: PMC8113620 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.615790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is an anti-inflammatory agent and has proven neuroprotective properties in animal models of multiple sclerosis (MS). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) assessed retinal thickness analysis can reflect treatment responses in MS. Objective: To analyze the influence of EGCG treatment on retinal thickness analysis as secondary and exploratory outcomes of the randomized controlled Sunphenon in Progressive Forms of MS trial (SUPREMES, NCT00799890). Methods: SUPREMES patients underwent OCT with the Heidelberg Spectralis device at a subset of visits. We determined peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness from a 12° ring scan around the optic nerve head and thickness of the ganglion cell/inner plexiform layer (GCIP) and inner nuclear layer (INL) within a 6 mm diameter grid centered on the fovea from a macular volume scan. Longitudinal OCT data were available for exploratory analysis from 31 SUPREMES participants (12/19 primary/secondary progressive MS (PPMS/SPMS); mean age 51 ± 7 years; 12 female; mean time since disease onset 16 ± 11 years). We tested the null hypothesis of no treatment*time interaction using nonparametric analysis of longitudinal data in factorial experiments. Results: After 2 years, there were no significant differences in longitudinal retinal thickness changes between EGCG treated and placebo arms in any OCT parameter (Mean change [confidence interval] ECGC vs. Placebo: pRNFL: -0.83 [1.29] μm vs. -0.64 [1.56] μm, p = 0.156; GCIP: -0.67 [0.67] μm vs. -0.14 [0.47] μm, p = 0.476; INL: -0.06 [0.58] μm vs. 0.22 [0.41] μm, p = 0.455). Conclusion: Retinal thickness analysis did not reveal a neuroprotective effect of EGCG. While this is in line with the results of the main SUPREMES trial, our study was probably underpowered to detect an effect. Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT00799890.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Klumbies
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rebekka Rust
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Dörr
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Neurology Department, Oberhavel Clinic, Hennigsdorf, Germany
| | - Frank Konietschke
- Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friedemann Paul
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Judith Bellmann-Strobl
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander U Brandt
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Hanna G Zimmermann
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Iron Chelation Properties of Green Tea Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) in Colorectal Cancer Cells: Analysis on Tfr/Fth Regulations and Molecular Docking. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:7958041. [PMID: 32280356 PMCID: PMC7115142 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7958041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In many studies, green tea epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has already shown its therapeutic effects in colorectal cancer cells (CRC). However, its mechanism of actions in CRC is poorly elucidated. Hence, this study attempts to elucidate the mechanism of actions of green tea ECGG via iron chelation activity in CRC. In order to investigate this property, HT-29 cell lines (CRC) were treated with EGCG for 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. From western blot analysis, EGCG had upregulated transferrin receptor (TfR) protein and downregulated Ferritin-H (FtH) protein indicating that iron chelation activity has occurred in CRC. Meanwhile, the molecular docking study demonstrated that EGCG is able to strongly interact the ferritin protein with a high binding affinity (−7.3 kcal/mol) via strong hydrogen bindings to glutamic acid 64 and lysine 71; two moderate hydrogen bindings to asparagine 74 and a hydrophobic interaction to the hydrophobic pocket of lysine 71. The strong interaction predicted between EGCG to ferritin may lead to inhibition of ferritin by EGCG, thus supporting the downregulation of FtH observed in in vitro studies. Molecular docking study of TfR to EGCG cannot be modulated based on the in vitro results. In conclusion, EGCG possesses iron chelator property in CRC and this potential could be further exploited for CRC treatment.
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Feng J, Huang W, Zhang Q, Cheng H, Li Y, Li L, Zhang Z. Separation and determination of six catechins in tea by pressurized capillary electrochromatography. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2019.1590206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Feng
- School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wenyi Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qianxiong Zhang
- School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yanqing Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Technology Center, Guangdong Ruyuan HEC Pharm. Co., Ltd, Ruyuan, P. R. China
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Li Y, Gao X, Lou Y. Interactions of tea polyphenols with intestinal microbiota and their implication for cellular signal conditioning mechanism. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12953. [PMID: 31368563 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tea polyphenols (TP) is the main functional substances in tea. It has been reported that TP can modulate the composition of gut microbes in the human body, in addition, after the bio-transformation by intestinal flora, the metabolites of TP also have positive effects on the health of the host. Lots of researches have shown that TP have possible therapeutic effect against high fat diet induced obesity, which is closely related to the gut flora of the host. Therefore, this review focused on the interactions of TP with intestinal microbiota and their implication for cellular signal conditioning mechanism that will enable us to better study the two-way effects of TP and intestinal microbiota on host health improvement. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: TP have been widely concerned for their health care properties. As the functional food components, TP have strong antioxidant and physiological activities for human body. A better understanding on the interactions of TP with intestinal microbiota and their implication for cellular signal conditioning mechanism will lead us to better evaluate the contribution of the microbial metabolites of TP, as well as the regulation of intestinal bacterial diversity and abundance for host health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyong Li
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P.R. China
| | - Xing Gao
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P.R. China
| | - Yongjiang Lou
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P.R. China
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Wharton S, Bonder R, Jeffery A, Christensen RAG. The safety and effectiveness of commonly-marketed natural supplements for weight loss in populations with obesity: A critical review of the literature from 2006 to 2016. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:1614-1630. [PMID: 30896252 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1584873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the evidence published from 2006 to 2016 on the effectiveness and safety of commonly used natural supplements for weight loss in individuals with obesity.Methods: Amazon and Google were searched for names of mono-agent natural supplements marketed for weight loss and a list of the 10 supplements was created. Google Scholar, Pubmed, Science Direct, and the Cochrane Library were searched for articles that met inclusion.Results: At least one article was published on the effectiveness or safety of bitter orange, capsinoid, carnitine, chromium picolinate, Coleus forskohlii, conjugated linoleic acid, glucomannan, green tea and psyllium for weight loss in populations with obesity from 2006 to 2016. There was insufficient evidence to suggest that the natural supplements examined contribute to significant weight loss, with the exception of perhaps glucomannan in the form of PGX. In general, the majority of side-effects reported were minor to moderate, and gastrointestinal-related. However, in some cases extreme side-effects such as liver and kidney failure were observed.Conclusion: Contrary to popular belief, results of this review suggest that the use of natural supplements for weight loss are unlikely to contribute to meaningful weight loss and in some cases may contribute to harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Wharton
- The Wharton Medical Clinic, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Revi Bonder
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aaron Jeffery
- The Wharton Medical Clinic, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Rani R, Arora S, Kaur J, Manhas RK. Phenolic compounds as antioxidants and chemopreventive drugs from Streptomyces cellulosae strain TES17 isolated from rhizosphere of Camellia sinensis. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:82. [PMID: 29523107 PMCID: PMC5845325 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2154-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress in an intracellular environment created by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species results in oxidative damage to biomolecules which ultimately become a hallmark for severe diseases like cancer, aging, diabetes, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. METHODS Various in vitro assays were employed to assess the antioxidant potential of strain, DNA protective activity was demonstrated using DNA nicking assay and cytotoxicity of the extract was evaluated using MTT assay. Further identification of the compounds was done using UPLC analysis. RESULTS The extract of Streptomyces cellulosae strain TES17 demonstrated significant antioxidant activity with percentage inhibition of 78.47 ± 0.23, 91.08 ± 0.98 and 82.08 ± 0.93 for DPPH, ABTS and superoxide radical assays at 5 mg/mL, respectively. Total antioxidant and reducing power were found to be 76.93 ± 0.76 and 231.96 ± 0.51 mg AAE/100 mg of dry extract, respectively. Moreover, the extract was shown to inhibit lipid peroxidation upto 67.18 ± 1.9% at 5 mg/mL. TPC and TFC measured in the extract was 55 mg GAE/100 mg and 11.17 ± 4.05 mg rutin/100 mg, respectively. The protective nature of the TES17 extract to oxidative stress induced damaged DNA was shown by percentage of supercoiled DNA i.e. Form I was increased from 26.38 to 38.20% at concentrations ranging from 2 μg to 10 μg. TES17 extract also showed the cytotoxic activity against lung cancer cell line with 74.7 ± 1.33% inhibition whereas, limited toxicity was observed against normal cell line with percentage viability of 87.71 ± 6.66 at same concentration (30 μg/mL) tested. The antioxidant capacity of extract was well correlated with its TPC and TFC and this in turn was in keeping with the UPLC analysis which also revealed the presence of phenolic compounds that were responsible for the antioxidant and cytotoxic potential of S. cellulosae strain TES17. CONCLUSIONS The present study describes that S. cellulosae strain TES17 isolated from the rhizosphere of Camellia sinensis (tea) plant; produces potent compounds with antioxidant activity, further might be developed into therapeutic drugs to combat oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riveka Rani
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005 India
| | - Saroj Arora
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005 India
| | - Jeevanjot Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005 India
| | - Rajesh Kumari Manhas
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005 India
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Abstract
Arthritis is a chronic disease of joints. It is highly prevalent, particularly in the elderly, and is commonly associated with pain that interferes with quality of life. Because of its chronic nature, pharmacological approaches to pain relief and joint repair must be safe for long term use, a quality many current therapies lack. Nutraceuticals refer to compounds or materials that can function as nutrition and exert a potential therapeutic effect, including the relief of pain, such as pain related to arthritis, of which osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form. Of interest, nutraceuticals have recently been shown to have potential in relieving OA pain in human clinical trials. Emerging evidence indicates nutraceuticals may represent promising alternatives for the relief of OA pain. In this paper, we will overview OA pain and the use of nutraceuticals in OA pain management, focusing on those that have been evaluated by clinical trials. Furthermore, we discuss the biologic and pharmacologic actions underlying the nutraceutical effects on pain relief based on the potential active ingredients identified from traditional nutraceuticals in OA pain management and their potential for drug development. The review concludes by sharing our viewpoints that future studies should prioritize elucidating the mechanisms of action of nutraceuticals in OA and developing nutraceuticals that not only relieve OA pain, but also mitigate OA pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Daniel J Leong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Luis Cardoso
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Hui B Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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Abstract
The functions of food have three categories: nutrition, palatability, and bioregulation. As the onset of lifestyle-related diseases has increased, many people have shown interest in functional foods that are beneficial to bioregulation. We believe that functional foods should be highly palatable for increased acceptance from consumers. In order to design functional foods with a high palatability, we have investigated about the palatability, especially in relation to the taste of food. In this review, we discuss (1) the identification of taste receptors that respond to functional food components; (2) an analysis of the peripheral taste transduction system; and (3) the investigation of the relationship between physiological functions and taste signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Narukawa
- a Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
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Stringer M, Abeysekera I, Thomas J, LaCombe J, Stancombe K, Stewart RJ, Dria KJ, Wallace JM, Goodlett CR, Roper RJ. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) consumption in the Ts65Dn model of Down syndrome fails to improve behavioral deficits and is detrimental to skeletal phenotypes. Physiol Behav 2017; 177:230-241. [PMID: 28478033 PMCID: PMC5525541 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is caused by three copies of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21) and results in phenotypes including intellectual disability and skeletal deficits. Ts65Dn mice have three copies of ~50% of the genes homologous to Hsa21 and display phenotypes associated with DS, including cognitive deficits and skeletal abnormalities. DYRK1A is found in three copies in humans with Trisomy 21 and in Ts65Dn mice, and is involved in a number of critical pathways including neurological development and osteoclastogenesis. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the main polyphenol in green tea, inhibits Dyrk1a activity. We have previously shown that EGCG treatment (~10mg/kg/day) improves skeletal abnormalities in Ts65Dn mice, yet the same dose, as well as ~20mg/kg/day did not rescue deficits in the Morris water maze spatial learning task (MWM), novel object recognition (NOR) or balance beam task (BB). In contrast, a recent study reported that an EGCG-containing supplement with a dose of 2-3mg per day (~40-60mg/kg/day) improved hippocampal-dependent task deficits in Ts65Dn mice. The current study investigated if an EGCG dosage similar to that study would yield similar improvements in either cognitive or skeletal deficits. Ts65Dn mice and euploid littermates were given EGCG [0.4mg/mL] or a water control, with treatments yielding average daily intakes of ~50mg/kg/day EGCG, and tested on the multivariate concentric square field (MCSF)-which assesses activity, exploratory behavior, risk assessment, risk taking, and shelter seeking-and NOR, BB, and MWM. EGCG treatment failed to improve cognitive deficits; EGCG also produced several detrimental effects on skeleton in both genotypes. In a refined HPLC-based assay, its first application in Ts65Dn mice, EGCG treatment significantly reduced kinase activity in femora but not in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, or hippocampus. Counter to expectation, 9-week-old Ts65Dn mice exhibited a decrease in Dyrk1a protein levels in Western blot analysis in the cerebellum. The lack of beneficial therapeutic behavioral effects and potentially detrimental skeletal effects of EGCG found in Ts65Dn mice emphasize the importance of identifying dosages of EGCG that reliably improve DS phenotypes and linking those effects to actions of EGCG (or EGCG-containing supplements) in specific targets in brain and bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Stringer
- IUPUI, Department of Psychology, 402 North Blackford Street, LD 124, Indianapolis, IN 46202-3275, United States
| | - Irushi Abeysekera
- IUPUI, Department of Biology, 723 West Michigan Street, SL 306, Indianapolis, IN 46202-3275, United States
| | - Jared Thomas
- IUPUI, Department of Biology, 723 West Michigan Street, SL 306, Indianapolis, IN 46202-3275, United States
| | - Jonathan LaCombe
- IUPUI, Department of Biology, 723 West Michigan Street, SL 306, Indianapolis, IN 46202-3275, United States
| | - Kailey Stancombe
- IUPUI, Department of Psychology, 402 North Blackford Street, LD 124, Indianapolis, IN 46202-3275, United States
| | - Robert J Stewart
- IUPUI, Department of Psychology, 402 North Blackford Street, LD 124, Indianapolis, IN 46202-3275, United States
| | - Karl J Dria
- IUPUI, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, 402 North Blackford Street, LD 326, Indianapolis, IN 46202-3275, United States
| | - Joseph M Wallace
- IUPUI, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 723 West Michigan Street, SL 220B, Indianapolis, IN 46202-3275, United States
| | - Charles R Goodlett
- IUPUI, Department of Psychology, 402 North Blackford Street, LD 124, Indianapolis, IN 46202-3275, United States
| | - Randall J Roper
- IUPUI, Department of Biology, 723 West Michigan Street, SL 306, Indianapolis, IN 46202-3275, United States.
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Konieczynski P, Viapiana A, Wesolowski M. Comparison of Infusions from Black and Green Teas (Camellia sinensis L. Kuntze) and Erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.) Based on the Content of Essential Elements, Secondary Metabolites, and Antioxidant Activity. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-0872-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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13
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Aronson JK. Defining 'nutraceuticals': neither nutritious nor pharmaceutical. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 83:8-19. [PMID: 26991455 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There are widespread inconsistencies and contradictions in the many published definitions of 'nutraceuticals' and 'functional foods', demonstrating wholesale uncertainty about what they actually are. Furthermore, in a 2014 lecture, the inventor of the term 'nutraceutical', confessing that nutraceuticals do not work, said that 'the quest to demonstrate whether … long-term supplementation [with nutraceuticals] can prevent serious diseases … has come to an end'. Definitions of 'nutraceuticals' and related terms, still widely used, should therefore be explored systematically. There are no internationally agreed definitions of 'nutraceuticals' and 'functional foods', or of similar terms, such as 'health foods', or of terms related to herbal products, which are sometimes referred to as 'nutraceuticals', compounding the confusion. 'Nutraceuticals' and 'functional foods' are vague, nondiscriminatory, unhelpful terms; the evidence suggests that they should be abandoned in favour of more precise terms. The term 'dietary supplement' is widely used to designate formulations that are also called 'nutraceuticals' but it would be better restricted to individual compounds used to treat or prevent deficiencies. 'Fortified foods', sometimes called 'designer foods', are foods to which compounds of proven therapeutic or preventive efficacy (e.g. folic acid) have been added. Other terms, such as 'food', 'foodstuffs', 'eat', 'drink', and 'nutrition', are well defined, as are 'medicinal products' and 'pharmaceutical formulations'. Dietary regimens, such as Mediterranean or nitrate-rich diets or vegetarianism, can affect health. A dietary regimen of this kind can be defined as a programme of food, of a defined kind and/or quantity, prescribed or adopted for the restoration or preservation of health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey K Aronson
- Centre for Evidence Based Medicine, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Oxford, OX26GG, UK
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Fanaro G, Hassimotto N, Bastos D, Villavicencio A. Effects of γ-radiation on microbial load and antioxidant proprieties in green tea irradiated with different water activities. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Perfecting the Plate: Adding Cardioprotective Compounds to the Diet. J Am Coll Surg 2012; 214:97-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2011.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Narukawa M, Noga C, Ueno Y, Sato T, Misaka T, Watanabe T. Evaluation of the bitterness of green tea catechins by a cell-based assay with the human bitter taste receptor hTAS2R39. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 405:620-5. [PMID: 21272567 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.01.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Catechins have a broad range of physiological functions and act as the main taste ingredient of green tea. Although catechins show a strong bitterness, the bitter taste receptor for catechins has not been fully understood. The objective of this study was to identify the receptor for the major green tea catechins such as (-)-epicatechin (EC), (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECg), (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg). By the cell-based assay using cultured cells expressing human bitter taste receptor, a clear response of hTAS2R39-expressing cells was observed to 300μM of either ECg or EGCg, which elicit a strong bitterness in humans. The response of hTAS2R39-expressing cells to ECg was the strongest among the tested catechins, followed by EGCg. Because the cellular response to EC and EGC is much weaker than those of ECg and EGCg, galloyl groups was strongly supposed to be involved in the bitter intensity. This finding is similar to the observations of taste intensity obtained from a human sensory study. Our results suggest the participation of hTAS2R39 in the detection of catechins in humans, indicating the possibility that bitterness of tea catechins can be evaluated by using cells expressing hTAS2R39.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Narukawa
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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Grandhi S, Donnelly LE, Rogers DF. Phytoceuticals: the new 'physic garden' for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Expert Rev Respir Med 2010; 1:227-46. [PMID: 20477187 DOI: 10.1586/17476348.1.2.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Phytoceuticals (non-nutritional but beneficial plant chemicals) merit investigation as pharmacotherapy for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although asthma is mostly treated adequately, COPD is not. Thus, there is a need for new drugs with improved therapeutic benefit, especially in COPD. Recent interest in herbal remedies has redirected attention towards plants as sources of improved treatments for lung disease. Phytoceuticals from a variety of plants and plant products, including butterbur, English ivy, apples, chocolate, green tea and red wine, demonstrate broad-spectrum pharmacotherapeutic activities that could be exploited in the clinic. Well-designed clinical trials are required to determine whether these beneficial activities are reproduced in patients, with the prospect that phytoceuticals are the new physic garden for asthma and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumalatha Grandhi
- Airway Disease, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY, UK
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Chacko SM, Thambi PT, Kuttan R, Nishigaki I. Beneficial effects of green tea: a literature review. Chin Med 2010; 5:13. [PMID: 20370896 PMCID: PMC2855614 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8546-5-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 466] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2009] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The health benefits of green tea for a wide variety of ailments, including different types of cancer, heart disease, and liver disease, were reported. Many of these beneficial effects of green tea are related to its catechin, particularly (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, content. There is evidence from in vitro and animal studies on the underlying mechanisms of green tea catechins and their biological actions. There are also human studies on using green tea catechins to treat metabolic syndrome, such as obesity, type II diabetes, and cardiovascular risk factors.Long-term consumption of tea catechins could be beneficial against high-fat diet-induced obesity and type II diabetes and could reduce the risk of coronary disease. Further research that conforms to international standards should be performed to monitor the pharmacological and clinical effects of green tea and to elucidate its mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabu M Chacko
- NPO International Laboratory of Biochemistry, 1-166 Uchide, Nakagawa-ku, Nagoya, 454-0926, Japan
| | - Priya T Thambi
- NPO International Laboratory of Biochemistry, 1-166 Uchide, Nakagawa-ku, Nagoya, 454-0926, Japan
| | - Ramadasan Kuttan
- Amala Cancer Research Center, Amala Nagar, Thrissur, Kerala, 680 555, India
| | - Ikuo Nishigaki
- NPO International Laboratory of Biochemistry, 1-166 Uchide, Nakagawa-ku, Nagoya, 454-0926, Japan
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Karaca T, Yoruk M, H. Yoruk I, Uslu S. Effects of Extract of Green Tea and Ginseng on Pancreatic Beta Cells and Levels of Serum Glucose, Insulin, Cholesterol and Triglycerides in Rats with Experimentally Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes: A Histochemical and Immunohistochemical Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/javaa.2010.102.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Wang X, Hao MW, Dong K, Lin F, Ren JH, Zhang HZ. Apoptosis induction effects of EGCG in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cells through telomerase repression. Arch Pharm Res 2009; 32:1263-9. [PMID: 19784583 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-009-1912-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2009] [Revised: 08/03/2009] [Accepted: 08/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major component of green tea polyphenol, has potent efficiency to prevent the growth of a variety of cancer cells. As a novel anticancer agent for treatment of cancers, EGCG is promising and the mechanism has not been fully understood. Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is one common tumor in head and neck cancers. In the present study, we assess the effects of EGCG on LSCC cell line Hep-2, and their possible involvement in EGCG-induced apoptosis. The result showed that treatment of Hep-2 cells with EGCG decreased the cell viability, inhibited the growth and proliferation, induced apoptosis and increased the activity of caspase-3 in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, we found that EGCG-treatment repressed telomerase activity effectively in a concentration-dependent manner. The combined results show that EGCG induced apoptosis in Hep-2 cells via inhibiting the telomerase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- Research Center, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Hassanpour H, Zamani Moghaddam AK, Yazdani A, Cheraghchi Bashi M. Evaluation of intestinal morphology and nitric oxide metabolites in broiler chickens supplemented by green tea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-009-0831-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Panagiotakos DB, Lionis C, Zeimbekis A, Gelastopoulou K, Papairakleous N, Das UN, Polychronopoulos E. Long-term tea intake is associated with reduced prevalence of (type 2) diabetes mellitus among elderly people from Mediterranean islands: MEDIS epidemiological study. Yonsei Med J 2009; 50:31-8. [PMID: 19259345 PMCID: PMC2649855 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2009.50.1.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2007] [Accepted: 08/01/2007] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We sought to evaluate the link between long-term tea intake and prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, in a sample of elderly adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS During 2005-2007, 300 men and women from Cyprus, 142 from Mitilini, 100 from Samothraki, 114 from Kefalonia, 131 from Crete, 150 from Corfu and 103 from Zakynthos (aged 65 to 100 years) were enrolled. Dietary habits (including tea consumption) were assessed through a food frequency questionnaire. Among various factors, fasting blood glucose was measured and prevalence of (type 2) diabetes mellitus was estimated. RESULTS 54% of the participants reported that they consume tea at least once a week (mean intake 1.6 +/- 1.1 cup/day). The majority of the participants (98%) reported green or black tea consumption. The participants reported that they consume tea for at least 30 years of their life. After adjusting for various confounders, tea intake was inversely associated with lower blood glucose levels (b +/- SEM per 1 cup: - 5.9 +/- 2.6 mg/dL, p = 0.02). Moreover, multiple logistic regression revealed that moderate tea consumption (1 - 2 cups/day) was associated with 70% (95% CI 41% to 86%) lower odds of having (type 2) diabetes, irrespective of age, sex, body mass, smoking, physical activity status, dietary habits and other clinical characteristics. CONCLUSION The presented findings suggest that long-term tea intake is associated with reduced levels of fasting blood glucose and lower prevalence of diabetes, in a cohort of elderly people living in Mediterranean islands.
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23
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Enhancement of the nutritional status and quality of fresh pork sausages following the addition of linseed oil, fish oil and natural antioxidants. Meat Sci 2008; 80:1046-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2008.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2007] [Revised: 04/09/2008] [Accepted: 04/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Effects of black and green tea consumption on blood glucose levels in non-obese elderly men and women from Mediterranean Islands (MEDIS epidemiological study). Eur J Nutr 2008; 47:10-6. [PMID: 18204918 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-007-0690-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2007] [Accepted: 11/28/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and diabetes are metabolic disorders that affect a large amount of the elderly population and are related to increased cardiovascular risk. Tea intake has been associated with lower risk of mortality and morbidity in some, but not all studies. We evaluated the association between tea intake, blood glucose levels, in a sample of elderly adults. METHODS During 2005-2006, 300 men and women from Cyprus, 142 from Mitilini and 100 from Samothraki islands (aged 65-100 years) were enrolled. Dietary habits (including tea consumption) were assessed through a food frequency questionnaire. Among various factors, fasting blood glucose and body mass index (BMI) were measured. RESULTS Fifty-four percent of the participants reported that they consume tea at least once a week (mean intake 1.6 +/- 1.1 cup/day). A significant interaction was observed between tea intake, obesity status on glucose levels (P < 0.001). After adjusting for various confounders, tea intake was associated with lower blood glucose levels in non-obese (P for trend <0.001), but not in obese people (P = 0.24). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that moderate tea consumption (1-2 cups/day) was associated with 88% (95% CI 76-98%) lower odds of having diabetes among non-obese participants, irrespective of age, sex, smoking, physical activity status, dietary habits and other clinical characteristics. CONCLUSION Tea consumption is associated with reduced levels of fasting blood glucose only among non-obese elderly people.
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Saito ST, Gosmann G, Saffi J, Presser M, Richter MF, Bergold AM. Characterization of the constituents and antioxidant activity of Brazilian green tea (Camellia sinensis var. assamica IAC-259 cultivar) extracts. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:9409-9414. [PMID: 17937477 DOI: 10.1021/jf071796p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Freeze-dried extracts from Camellia sinensis var. assamica IAC-259 cultivar named Brazilian green tea were prepared by hot water and ultrasound-assisted extractions using leaves harvested in spring and summer. Their caffeine and catechin contents were measured by high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector. The antioxidant activity of the major green tea compounds and Brazilian green tea extracts was evaluated using a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The levels of caffeine were higher in the summer samples (p < 0.05); otherwise, there were no significant variations related to the catechin contents between spring and summer samples. The sonication method using water/acetone as solvent had a high efficiency to extract not only epigallocatechin gallate but also epicatechin gallate (p < 0.05). Antioxidant activities of the Brazilian green tea extracts were not significantly different among seasons and extraction systems. The antioxidant data (IC50) of the Brazilian green tea extracts showed a significant correlation with their epigallocatechin gallate and epicatechin gallate contents (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel T Saito
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
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Huang KJ, Wu JJ, Chiu YH, Lai CY, Chang CMJ. Designed polar cosolvent-modified supercritical CO2 removing caffeine from and retaining catechins in green tea powder using response surface methodology. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:9014-20. [PMID: 17914876 DOI: 10.1021/jf071161q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
This study examines cosolvent-modified supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) to remove caffeine from and to retain catechins in green tea powder. The response surface method was adopted to determine the optimal operation conditions in terms of the extraction efficiencies and concentration factors of caffeine and catechins during the extractions. When SC-CO2 was used at 333 K and 300 bar, 91.5% of the caffeine was removed and 80.8% of catechins were retained in the tea: 3600 g of carbon dioxide was used in the extraction of 4 g of tea soaked with 1 g of water. Under the same extraction conditions, 10 g of water was added to <800 g of carbon dioxide in an extraction that completely removed caffeine (that is, the caffeine extraction efficiency was 100%). The optimal result as predicted by three-factor response surface methodology and supported by experimental data was that in 1.5 h of extraction, 640 g of carbon dioxide at 323 K and 275 bar with the addition of 6 g of water extracted 71.9% of the caffeine while leaving 67.8% of the catechins in 8 g of tea. Experimental data indicated that supercritical carbon dioxide decaffeination increased the concentrations of caffeine in the SC-CO2 extracts at 353 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Jong Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung, Taiwan 402, Republic of China
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28
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Effect of Electron-Beam Irradiation on the Characteristics of Green Tea (Camellia sinensis L.). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.3746/jkfn.2006.35.6.774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Sumpio BE, Cordova AC, Berke-Schlessel DW, Qin F, Chen QH. Green tea, the "Asian paradox," and cardiovascular disease. J Am Coll Surg 2006; 202:813-25. [PMID: 16648021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2006.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2005] [Revised: 12/07/2005] [Accepted: 01/30/2006] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bauer E Sumpio
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8062, USA.
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Pilorget A, Berthet V, Luis J, Moghrabi A, Annabi B, Béliveau R. Medulloblastoma cell invasion is inhibited by green tea (-)epigallocatechin-3-gallate. J Cell Biochem 2004; 90:745-55. [PMID: 14587030 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.10667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major green tea polyphenol, can reach the brain following oral intake and could thus act as an anti-tumoral agent targeting several key steps of brain cancer cells invasive activity. Because integrin-mediated extracellular matrix recognition is crucial during the cell adhesion processes involved in carcinogenesis, we have investigated the effects of EGCG on different cellular integrins of the pediatric brain tumor-derived medulloblastoma cell line DAOY. Using flow cytometry, we report the levels of expression of several cell surface integrins in DAOY. These include high expression of alpha2, alpha3, and beta1 integrins, as well as alphav and beta3 integrins. Moreover, we provide evidence that EGCG can antagonize DAOY cell migration specifically on collagen by increasing cell adhesive ability through specific gene and protein upregulation of the beta1 integrin subunit. Our results suggest that this naturally occurring green tea polyphenol may thus be used as a nutraceutical therapeutic agent in targeting the invasive character of medulloblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Pilorget
- Laboratoire de Médecine Moléculaire, Centre de Cancérologie Charles Bruneau, Hôpital Sainte-Justine and Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Ferrari CKB, Torres EAFS. Biochemical pharmacology of functional foods and prevention of chronic diseases of aging. Biomed Pharmacother 2003; 57:251-60. [PMID: 12888262 DOI: 10.1016/s0753-3322(03)00032-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The major mechanisms and consequences of free radicals in foods and biological systems that result in the occurrence of chronic diseases of aging (atherosclerosis, cataract, cancers, diabetes, neurological diseases, immune-inflammatory disorders) are described. The main antioxidant defense mechanisms from foods and cells and tissues are also reported. Many nutraceutical substances, with their respective beneficial actions (antioxidant, detoxifying, apoptotic actions) and effects, and most common food sources are also described. There are many options of foods to prevent cancer and chronic diseases, to improve life's quality in maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K B Ferrari
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av Dr Arnaldo, 715-2 degrees andar, BR 01246-904, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Asfar S, Abdeen S, Dashti H, Khoursheed M, Al-Sayer H, Mathew T, Al-Bader A. Effect of green tea in the prevention and reversal of fasting-induced intestinal mucosal damage. Nutrition 2003; 19:536-40. [PMID: 12781855 DOI: 10.1016/s0899-9007(02)01097-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epidemiologic studies have suggested that high consumption of green tea protects against the development of chronic active gastritis and decreases the risk of stomach cancer. The effect of green tea on the intestinal mucosa was not studied previously, so we examined the effects of green tea on the intestinal mucosa of fasting rats in a controlled experimental setting. METHODS Two sets of experiments were performed. In the recovery set, rats were fasted for 3 d, after which they were allowed free access to water, black tea, green tea, or vitamin E for 7 d. On day 8, the animals were killed, and small bowels were removed for histologic examination. In the pretreatment set, rats were allowed a normal diet, but the water supply was replaced with green tea, black tea, or vitamin E for 14 d. They were subsequently fasted for 3 d. On day 4, the rats were killed, and small bowels were removed for histologic examination. RESULTS In the recovery set, fasting for 3 d caused shortening of villi, atrophy, and fragmentation of mucosal villous architecture, with a significant (P < 0.0001) reduction in the length and surface area of the villi. Ingestion of green tea and, to a lesser extent, vitamin E for 7 d helped in the recovery of villi to normal. In the pretreatment set, drinking green tea, black tea, or vitamin E for 14 d before fasting protected intestinal mucosa from damage. CONCLUSION The mucosal and villous atrophy induced by fasting was reverted to normal by the ingestion of green tea and, to a lesser extent, vitamin E. Black tea ingestion had no effect. In addition, ingestion of black tea, green tea, and vitamin E before fasting protected the intestinal mucosa against atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Asfar
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, PO Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait.
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Kim JI, Hong SB, Row KH. Effect of particle size in preparative reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on the isolation of epigallocatechin gallate from Korean green tea. J Chromatogr A 2002; 949:275-80. [PMID: 11999744 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)01273-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
To isolate epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) of catechin compounds from Korean green tea (Bosung, Chonnam), a C18 reversed-phase preparative column (250x22 mm) packed with packings of three different sizes (15, 40-63, and 150 microm) was used. The sample extracted with water was partitioned with chloroform and ethyl acetate to remove the impurities including caffeine. The mobile phases in this experiment were composed of 0.1% acetic acid in water, acetonitrile, methanol and ethyl acetate. The injection volume was fixed at 400 microl and the flow rate was increased as the particle size becomes larger. The isolation of EGCG with particle size was compared at a preparative scale and the feasibility of separation of EGCG at larger particle sizes was confirmed. The optimum mobile phase composition for separating EGCG was experimentally obtained at the particle sizes of 15 and 40-63 microm in the isocratic mode, but EGCG was not purely separated at the particle size of 150 microm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Il Kim
- Center for Advanced Bioseparation Technology and Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
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