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Managò F, Scheggia D, Pontillo M, Mereu M, Mastrogiacomo R, Udayan G, Valentini P, Tata MC, Weinberger DR, Weickert CS, Pompa PP, De Luca MA, Vicari S, Papaleo F. Dopaminergic signalling and behavioural alterations by Comt-Dtnbp1 genetic interaction and their clinical relevance. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:2514-2531. [PMID: 37218669 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cognitive and motor functions are modulated by dopaminergic signalling, which is shaped by several genetic factors. The biological effects of single genetic variants might differ depending on epistatic interactions that can be functionally multi-directional and non-linear. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We performed behavioural and neurochemical assessments in genetically modified mice and behavioural assessments and genetic screening in human patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS). KEY RESULTS Here, we confirm a genetic interaction between the Comt (catechol-O-methyltransferase, human orthologue: COMT) and Dtnbp1 (dystrobrevin binding protein 1, alias dysbindin, human orthologue: DTNBP1) genes that modulate cortical and striatal dopaminergic signalling in a manner not predictable by the effects of each single gene. In mice, Comt-by-Dtnbp1 concomitant reduction leads to a hypoactive mesocortical and a hyperactive mesostriatal dopamine pathway, associated with specific cognitive abnormalities. Like mice, in subjects with the 22q11.2DS (characterized by COMT hemideletion and dopamine alterations), COMT-by-DTNBP1 concomitant reduction was associated with analogous cognitive disturbances. We then developed an easy and inexpensive colourimetric kit for the genetic screening of common COMT and DTNBP1 functional genetic variants for clinical application. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These findings illustrate an epistatic interaction of two dopamine-related genes and their functional effects, supporting the need to address genetic interaction mechanisms at the base of complex behavioural traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Managò
- Genetics of Cognition Laboratory, Neuroscience Area, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Diego Scheggia
- Genetics of Cognition Laboratory, Neuroscience Area, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Pontillo
- Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Maddalena Mereu
- Genetics of Cognition Laboratory, Neuroscience Area, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Rosa Mastrogiacomo
- Genetics of Cognition Laboratory, Neuroscience Area, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gayatri Udayan
- Nanobiointeractions and Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Paola Valentini
- Nanobiointeractions and Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Daniel R Weinberger
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Cynthia S Weickert
- Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Pier Paolo Pompa
- Nanobiointeractions and Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria A De Luca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Stefano Vicari
- Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Papaleo
- Genetics of Cognition Laboratory, Neuroscience Area, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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2
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Raymann S, Schalbetter SM, Schaer R, Bernhardt AC, Mueller FS, Meyer U, Weber-Stadlbauer U. Late prenatal immune activation in mice induces transgenerational effects via the maternal and paternal lineages. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:2273-2286. [PMID: 36857721 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to infectious or noninfectious immune activation is an environmental risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders and mental illnesses. Recent research using animal models suggests that maternal immune activation (MIA) during early to middle stages of pregnancy can induce transgenerational effects on brain and behavior, likely via inducing stable epigenetic modifications across generations. Using a mouse model of viral-like MIA, which is based on gestational treatment with poly(I:C), the present study explored whether transgenerational effects can also emerge when MIA occurs in late pregnancy. Our findings demonstrate that the direct descendants born to poly(I:C)-treated mothers display deficits in temporal order memory, which are similarly present in second- and third-generation offspring. These transgenerational effects were mediated via both the maternal and paternal lineages and were accompanied by transient changes in maternal care. In addition to the cognitive effects, late prenatal immune activation induced generation-spanning effects on the prefrontal expression of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic genes, including parvalbumin and distinct alpha-subunits of the GABAA receptor. Together, our results suggest that MIA in late pregnancy has the potential to affect cognitive functions and prefrontal gene expression patterns in multiple generations, highlighting its role in shaping disease risk across generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Raymann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich-Vetsuisse, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sina M Schalbetter
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich-Vetsuisse, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ron Schaer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich-Vetsuisse, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra C Bernhardt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich-Vetsuisse, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Flavia S Mueller
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich-Vetsuisse, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Urs Meyer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich-Vetsuisse, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Weber-Stadlbauer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich-Vetsuisse, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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3
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Scott KJ, Tashakori-Sabzevar F, Bilkey DK. Maternal immune activation alters the sequential structure of ultrasonic communications in male rats. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 16:100304. [PMID: 34589796 PMCID: PMC8474666 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal immune activation (MIA) is a risk factor for schizophrenia and many of the symptoms and neurodevelopmental changes associated with this disorder have been modelled in the rodent. While several previous studies have reported that rodent ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) are affected by MIA, no previous study has examined whether MIA affects the way that individual USVs occur over time to produce vocalisation sequences. The sequential aspect of this behaviour may be particularly important because changes in sequencing mechanisms have been proposed as a core deficit in schizophrenia. The present research generates MIA with POLY I:C administered to pregnant Sprague-Dawley rat dams at GD15. Male pairs of MIA adult offspring or pairs of their saline controls were placed into a two-chamber apparatus where they were separated from each other by a perforated plexiglass barrier. USVs were recorded for a period of 10 min and automated detection and call review were used to classify short call types in the nominal 50 kHz band of social affiliative calls. Our data show that the duration of these 50-kHz USVs is longer in MIA rat pairs and the time between calls is shorter. Furthermore, the transition probability between call pairs was different in the MIA animals compared to the control group, indicating alterations in sequential behaviour. These results provide the first evidence that USV call sequencing is altered by the MIA intervention and suggest that further investigations of these temporally extended aspects of USV production are likely to reveal useful information about the mechanisms that underlie sequence generation. This is particularly important given previous research suggesting that sequencing deficits may have a significant impact on both behaviour and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David K. Bilkey
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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4
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Yang C, Tang J, Liang X, Qi Y, Luo Y, Xie Y, Wang J, Jiang L, Zhou C, Huang C, Tang Y. Anti-LINGO-1 antibody treatment improves chronic stress-induced spatial memory impairments and oligodendrocyte loss in the hippocampus. Behav Brain Res 2020; 393:112765. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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5
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Gilmour G, Porcelli S, Bertaina-Anglade V, Arce E, Dukart J, Hayen A, Lobo A, Lopez-Anton R, Merlo Pich E, Pemberton DJ, Havenith MN, Glennon JC, Harel BT, Dawson G, Marston H, Kozak R, Serretti A. Relating constructs of attention and working memory to social withdrawal in Alzheimer’s disease and schizophrenia: issues regarding paradigm selection. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 97:47-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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6
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Allé MC, Giersch A, Potheegadoo J, Meyer N, Danion JM, Berna F. From a Lived Event to Its Autobiographical Memory: An Ecological Study Using Wearable Camera in Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:699. [PMID: 31636574 PMCID: PMC6787264 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive disorders are considered as a core symptom of schizophrenia. Importantly, episodic autobiographical memory deficits are strongly related to patients' social dysfunction. Although the cognitive mechanisms underlying autobiographical memory deficit are highly important to open the door for specific cognitive remediation, they are yet to be understood. The present study focused on event segmentation to check to which extent possible impairments in temporal ordering and segmenting in patients hinder memories construction. Twenty-seven patients with schizophrenia and 27 matched controls took part in an outdoor circuit while wearing a wearable camera. A week later, their memory and the temporal organization of this event have been assessed. Results showed that patients, compared with control participants, reported a reduced amount of details, especially less actions with interaction related to the event. Contrary to our initial hypotheses, event segmentation abilities in patients were not affected. The relationship between event segmentation and memory is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa C Allé
- Inserm U1114 - Cognitive Neuropsychology and Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia, Strasbourg, France.,FMTS: Fédération de Médcine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne Giersch
- Inserm U1114 - Cognitive Neuropsychology and Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia, Strasbourg, France.,FMTS: Fédération de Médcine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jevita Potheegadoo
- Inserm U1114 - Cognitive Neuropsychology and Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia, Strasbourg, France.,FMTS: Fédération de Médcine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nicolas Meyer
- FMTS: Fédération de Médcine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Marie Danion
- Inserm U1114 - Cognitive Neuropsychology and Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia, Strasbourg, France.,FMTS: Fédération de Médcine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Fabrice Berna
- Inserm U1114 - Cognitive Neuropsychology and Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia, Strasbourg, France.,FMTS: Fédération de Médcine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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7
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De Sanctis C, Bellenchi GC, Viggiano D. A meta-analytic approach to genes that are associated with impaired and elevated spatial memory performance. Psychiatry Res 2018; 261:508-516. [PMID: 29395873 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Spatial memory deficits are a common hallmark of psychiatric conditions, possibly due to a genetic predisposition. Thus, unravelling the relationship between genes and memory might suggest novel therapeutic targets and pathogenetic pathways. Genetic deletions are known to lead to memory deficits (post-deletion "forgetfulness" genes, PDF), or, in few instances to improve spatial memory (post-deletion "hypermnesic" genes, PDH). To assess this topic, we performed a meta-analytic approach on memory behavior in knock-out mice. We screened 300 studies from PubMed and retrieved 87 genes tested for possible effects on spatial memory. This database was crossed with the Allen Brain Atlas (brain distribution) and the Enrichr (gene function) databases. The results show that PDF genes have higher expression level in several ventral brain structures, particularly the encephalic trunk and in the hypothalamus. Moreover, part of these genes are implicated in synaptic functions. Conversely, the PDH genes are associated to G-protein coupled receptors downstream signalling. Some candidate drugs were also found to interfere with some of the PDH genes, further suggesting that this approach might help in identifying drugs to improve memory performance in psychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia De Sanctis
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS 86077, Italy; Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, Campobasso 86100, Italy
| | | | - Davide Viggiano
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, Campobasso 86100, Italy.
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8
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Managò F, Papaleo F. Schizophrenia: What's Arc Got to Do with It? Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 11:181. [PMID: 28979198 PMCID: PMC5611489 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human studies of schizophrenia are now reporting a previously unidentified genetic convergence on postsynaptic signaling complexes such as the activity-regulated cytoskeletal-associated (Arc) gene. However, because this evidence is still very recent, the neurobiological implication of Arc in schizophrenia is still scattered and unrecognized. Here, we first review current and developing findings connecting Arc in schizophrenia. We then highlight recent and previous findings from preclinical mouse models that elucidate how Arc genetic modifications might recapitulate schizophrenia-relevant behavioral phenotypes following the novel Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework. Building on this, we finally compare and evaluate several lines of evidence demonstrating that Arc genetics can alter both glutamatergic and dopaminergic systems in a very selective way, again consistent with molecular alterations characteristic of schizophrenia. Despite being only initial, accumulating and compelling data are showing that Arc might be one of the primary biological players in schizophrenia. Synaptic plasticity alterations in the genetic architecture of psychiatric disorders might be a rule, not an exception. Thus, we anticipate that additional evidence will soon emerge to clarify the Arc-dependent mechanisms involved in the psychiatric-related dysfunctional behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Managò
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaGenova, Italy
| | - Francesco Papaleo
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaGenova, Italy
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9
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Managò F, Mereu M, Mastwal S, Mastrogiacomo R, Scheggia D, Emanuele M, De Luca MA, Weinberger DR, Wang KH, Papaleo F. Genetic Disruption of Arc/Arg3.1 in Mice Causes Alterations in Dopamine and Neurobehavioral Phenotypes Related to Schizophrenia. Cell Rep 2016; 16:2116-2128. [PMID: 27524619 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human genetic studies have recently suggested that the postsynaptic activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) complex is a convergence signal for several genes implicated in schizophrenia. However, the functional significance of Arc in schizophrenia-related neurobehavioral phenotypes and brain circuits is unclear. Here, we find that, consistent with schizophrenia-related phenotypes, disruption of Arc in mice produces deficits in sensorimotor gating, cognitive functions, social behaviors, and amphetamine-induced psychomotor responses. Furthermore, genetic disruption of Arc leads to concomitant hypoactive mesocortical and hyperactive mesostriatal dopamine pathways. Application of a D1 agonist to the prefrontal cortex or a D2 antagonist in the ventral striatum rescues Arc-dependent cognitive or psychomotor abnormalities, respectively. Our findings demonstrate a role for Arc in the regulation of dopaminergic neurotransmission and related behaviors. The results also provide initial biological support implicating Arc in dopaminergic and behavioral abnormalities related to schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Managò
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Maddalena Mereu
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Padova, Largo Meneghetti 2, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Surjeet Mastwal
- Unit on Neural Circuits and Adaptive Behaviors, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rosa Mastrogiacomo
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Diego Scheggia
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Marco Emanuele
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Maria A De Luca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Daniel R Weinberger
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Neuroscience and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kuan Hong Wang
- Unit on Neural Circuits and Adaptive Behaviors, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Francesco Papaleo
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy.
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10
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Grot S, Potvin S, Luck D. Is there a binding deficit in working memory in patients with schizophrenia? A meta-analysis. Schizophr Res 2014; 158:142-5. [PMID: 25048424 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In schizophrenia (SZ), a specific binding deficit in working memory (WM) has not yet been demonstrated, given that studies with various methodologies were conducted and the results obtained were heterogeneous. Thus, a meta-analysis of 10 WM studies was performed. Effect sizes were calculated for binding and control conditions. Analyses disclosed significantly lower scores in SZ patients relative to controls for both binding and control conditions. In addition, analyses revealed no greater impairments for the binding condition than for the control condition in SZ patients. Our meta-analysis suggests that there is no specific deficit of binding in WM in SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Grot
- Centre de recherche, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stéphane Potvin
- Centre de recherche, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Luck
- Centre de recherche, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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11
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Lapish CC, Ahn KC, Chambers RA, Ashby DM, Ahn S, Phillips AG. Selective effects of D- and L-govadine in preclinical tests of positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology 2014; 39:1754-62. [PMID: 24476944 PMCID: PMC4023149 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2014.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
There is a critical need to develop novel pharmacotherapeutics capable of addressing the positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. Building on recent studies with a racemic mixture of the synthetic tetrahydroprotoberberine, D,L-Govadine, we isolated the D- and L-stereoisomers and employed a battery of behavioral, neurochemical, and electrophysiological procedures to assess their individual therapeutic potential. Rodent models predictive of antipsychotic efficacy and those that model positive symptoms were employed and we found that L-Govadine, but not D-Govadine, improved these measures. Pretreatment with either stereoisomer during CS pre-exposure prevented the disruption of latent inhibition by amphetamine. Moreover, pretreatment with either stereoisomer also improved deficits in social interaction in the neonatal ventral hippocampal lesioned rat. Improved cognitive performance in two different prefrontal cortex-dependent tasks was observed with D-, but not L-Govadine, which strongly suggests that the D-steroisomer may be an effective cognitive enhancer. Alterations in dopamine efflux were also assessed and L-Govadine increased dopamine efflux in both the prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens. However, D-Govadine only increased dopamine efflux in the prefrontal cortex and not in the nucleus accumbens. Electrophysiological studies confirmed that L-Govadine is a DA-D2 antagonist, whereas D-Govadine shows no appreciable physiological effects at this receptor. Collectively these data show that L-Govadine performs well on measures predictive of antipsychotic efficacy and rodent models of positive symptoms through antagonism of DA-D2 receptors, whereas D-Govadine improves impairments in compromised memory function in delayed response tasks possibly through selective increases in DA efflux in the frontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C Lapish
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, LD 124, 402 N. Blackford St, Indianapolis, IN 46202-3275, USA, Tel: +317 274 6931, Fax: +317 274 6756, E-mail:
| | - Kee-Chan Ahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - R Andrew Chambers
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Donovan M Ashby
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Soyon Ahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anthony G Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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12
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Hill SK, Bjorkquist O, Carrathers T, Roseberry JE, Hochberger WC, Bishop JR. Sequential processing deficits in schizophrenia: relationship to neuropsychology and genetics. Schizophr Res 2013; 151:91-6. [PMID: 24119464 PMCID: PMC4479132 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2013.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Utilizing a combination of neuropsychological and cognitive neuroscience approaches may be essential for characterizing cognitive deficits in schizophrenia and eventually assessing cognitive outcomes. This study was designed to compare the stability of select exemplars for these approaches and their correlations in schizophrenia patients with stable treatment and clinical profiles. Reliability estimates for serial order processing were comparable to neuropsychological measures and indicate that experimental serial order processing measures may be less susceptible to practice effects than traditional neuropsychological measures. Correlations were moderate and consistent with a global cognitive factor. Exploratory analyses indicated a potentially critical role of the Met allele of the Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met polymorphism in externally paced sequential recall. Experimental measures of serial order processing may reflect frontostriatal dysfunction and be a useful supplement to large neuropsychological batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Kristian Hill
- Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL,Corresponding author at: Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Department of Psychology, 3333 Green Bay Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, Phone: (847) 578-8748,
| | - Olivia Bjorkquist
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Tarra Carrathers
- Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL
| | | | | | - Jeffrey R. Bishop
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
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13
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Burke MR, Allen RJ, Gonzalez C. Eye and Hand Movements during Reconstruction of Spatial Memory. Perception 2012; 41:803-18. [DOI: 10.1068/p7216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent behavioural and biological evidence indicates common mechanisms serving working memory and attention (eg Awh et al, 2006 Neuroscience139 201–208). This study explored the role of spatial attention and visual search in an adapted Corsi spatial memory task. Eye movements and touch responses were recorded from participants who recalled locations (signalled by colour or shape change) from an array presented either simultaneously or sequentially. The time delay between target presentation and recall (0,5, or 10 s) and the number of locations to be remembered (2–5) were also manipulated. Analysis of the response phase revealed subjects were less accurate (touch data) and fixated longer (eye data) when responding to sequentially presented targets suggesting higher cognitive effort. Fixation duration on target at recall was also influenced by whether spatial location was initially signalled by colour or shape change. Finally, we found that the sequence tasks encouraged longer fixations on the signalled targets than simultaneous viewing during encoding, but no difference was observed during recall. We conclude that the attentional manipulations (colour/shape) mainly affected the eye movement parameters, whereas the memory manipulation (sequential versus simultaneous, number of items) mainly affected the performance of the hand during recall, and thus the latter is more important for ascertaining if an item is remembered or forgotten. In summary, the nature of the stimuli that is used and how it is presented play key roles in determining subject performance and behaviour during spatial memory tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie R Burke
- Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Richard J Allen
- Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Claudia Gonzalez
- Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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Differential effects of paced and unpaced responding on delayed serial order recall in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2011; 131:192-7. [PMID: 21705197 PMCID: PMC3159860 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2011.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Revised: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Working memory for temporal order is a component of working memory that is especially dependent on striatal systems, but has not been extensively studied in schizophrenia. This study was designed to characterize serial order reproduction by adapting a spatial serial order task developed for nonhuman primate studies, while controlling for working memory load and whether responses were initiated freely (unpaced) or in an externally paced format. Clinically stable schizophrenia patients (n=27) and psychiatrically healthy individuals (n=25) were comparable on demographic variables and performance on standardized tests of immediate serial order recall (Digit Span, Spatial Span). No group differences were observed for serial order recall when read sequence reproduction was unpaced. However, schizophrenia patients exhibited significant impairments when responding was paced, regardless of sequence length or retention delay. Intact performance by schizophrenia patients during the unpaced condition indicates that prefrontal storage and striatal output systems are sufficiently intact to learn novel response sequences and hold them in working memory to perform serial order tasks. However, retention for newly learned response sequences was disrupted in schizophrenia patients by paced responding, when read-out of each element in the response sequence was externally controlled. The disruption of memory for serial order in paced read-out condition indicates a deficit in frontostriatal interaction characterized by an inability to update working memory stores and deconstruct 'chunked' information.
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15
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The role of recollection in source memory: An examination of schizophrenia patients and their first-degree relatives. Brain Cogn 2011; 75:147-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2010.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Revised: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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16
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Examining the effects of two factors on working memory maintenance of bound information in schizophrenia. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2009; 15:597-605. [PMID: 19573278 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617709090833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Integrating information in space and time is a central feature of episodic memory. Although disturbance of the binding processes in episodic memory is well established in patients with schizophrenia, data on working memory (WM) remain discrepant. In a change detection procedure, two target displays of pairs of letters located in cells of grid were successively presented. Participants attempted to detect changes in binding information (i.e., recombination of studied features) or feature information (i.e., a novel letter and/or a novel spatial location). Recombinations consisted of features belonging to the same display (intradisplay) or different displays (interdisplays). Results showed that patients demonstrated overall lower performance, with no specific deficit for recognizing bound information or feature information. In addition, patients did not demonstrate deficits for interdisplay recombinations or intradisplay recombinations. Patients' ability to remember temporal occurrence of stimuli was not affected. Together, these results suggest that in patients with schizophrenia, binding processes in WM are not specifically disturbed.
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17
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Daniel MP, Dibo-Cohen CM, Carité L, Boyer P, Denis M. Dysfunctions of Spatial Cognition in Schizophrenic Patients. SPATIAL COGNITION AND COMPUTATION 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/13875860701608368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Cellard C, Tremblay S, Lehoux C, Roy MA. Processing spatial–temporal information in recent-onset schizophrenia: The study of short-term memory and its susceptibility to distraction. Brain Cogn 2007; 64:201-7. [PMID: 17462806 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2007.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2006] [Revised: 02/12/2007] [Accepted: 03/03/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Memory impairment is a core feature in schizophrenia (SZ). The aim of this study was to investigate short-term memory (STM) and its sensitivity to distraction with visual-spatial material. This study comprised 23 recent-onset SZ patients and 23 healthy controls. The degree of disruption upon recall from interleaving irrelevant items within a sequence of to-be-remembered items-the sandwich effect [Hitch, G. J. (1975). The role of attention in visual and auditory suffix effects. Memory and Cognition, 3, 501-505]-was examined. STM performance, whether in the presence or absence of distraction, was poorer and markedly more vulnerable to disruption in SZ. Our results suggest that processing spatial information in STM is susceptible to interference in SZ.
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Stephane M, Pellizzer G. The dynamic architecture of working memory in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2007; 92:160-7. [PMID: 17376656 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2007.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2006] [Revised: 01/25/2007] [Accepted: 01/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The capacity to hold information in working memory is greater for the first and/or last items of a sequence of information (architecture), and varies according to the retention interval (dynamic) and the type of stimuli. Although working memory deficits in schizophrenia have been documented widely, it is not clear how its architecture and dynamics are affected by the disease. METHODS Using two Sternberg paradigms - the recognition and the context-recall tasks - we investigated the effect of serial position, retention interval, type of stimuli, and task (type of encoding for the serial position) on working memory capacity in 26 schizophrenia patients and 20 healthy control subjects. A mixed model analysis of variance was applied to the proportion of correct responses and reaction time data. RESULTS All the experimental factors had significant effects. However, the most important effects were those of group, groupxserial position, and groupxdelay interactions. The last two effects were driven by a reduced primacy effect and by a reduced performance with longer delay in schizophrenia compared to control subjects. The serial positionxdelay interaction was significant without triple interaction with group. Groupxtype of stimuli and groupxtask for the serial position interactions were not significant. CONCLUSION Schizophrenia patients exhibited normal dynamics but abnormal architecture of working memory (reduced primacy effect), and faster decay of information. These impairments affected equally verbal, spatial and object stimuli and operated with implicit and explicit encoding of the serial position. Although these impairments were not correlated with the clinical picture, they are likely to contribute to the pathogenesis of the difficulties with which schizophrenia patients are faced. Consequently, addressing these specific impairments could alleviate these difficulties.
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Piskulic D, Olver JS, Norman TR, Maruff P. Behavioural studies of spatial working memory dysfunction in schizophrenia: a quantitative literature review. Psychiatry Res 2007; 150:111-21. [PMID: 17292970 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2006.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2005] [Revised: 02/20/2006] [Accepted: 03/05/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairments in schizophrenia have been recognized as a prominent feature of the illness. Research is now focusing on determining a relationship between neurocognitive impairments, and social and functional outcome. Despite a number of comprehensive reviews on neurocognitive measures and reports on spatial working memory abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia when compared to healthy volunteers, there have been no meta-analyses of the extent of the abnormality in this group of patients. We reviewed 33 studies (from 1992 to 2005) on spatial working memory impairment in schizophrenia with the aim of providing a quantitative assessment of the consistency and the magnitude of the deficit. From the quantitative data analysis, it is evident that patients with schizophrenia are consistently more impaired on the spatial working memory measures than healthy controls. These impairments may be related to social disability and explain some cognitive deficits that characterize the clinical presentation of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Piskulic
- Department of Psychiatry, Level 10 Lance Townsend Building, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg VIC 3084, Australia.
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21
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Siekmeier PJ, Hasselmo ME, Howard MW, Coyle J. Modeling of context-dependent retrieval in hippocampal region CA1: implications for cognitive function in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2007; 89:177-90. [PMID: 17055702 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2006.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2006] [Revised: 08/10/2006] [Accepted: 08/11/2006] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The symptoms of schizophrenia may be associated with reductions in NMDA receptor (NMDAR) function. This is suggested by the psychotomimetic effects of NMDA antagonists, the ameliorative effects of NMDAR indirect agonists, elevated levels of the NMDA antagonist N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NAAG) in schizophrenic brain, and findings from recent genetic studies. However, the link between reduced NMDAR function and the behavioral features of schizophrenics has not been made explicit. Here we present a network simulation of hippocampal function, focused on retrieval of verbal stimuli in human memory tasks. Specifically, we trained a computational model of the hippocampal complex to perform a context-dependent paired associate task, a free recall task with category clustering, and the transitive inference (TI) task. In this network, direct perforant pathway input from entorhinal cortex to region CA1 provides the basis for semantic context cueing during initial encoding and retrieval, allowing selective retrieval on the basis of category cues. Alterations in the magnitude of this direct perforant pathway input to region CA1 causes impairments in use of organizational strategies for memory, accounting for specific features of memory dysfunction in schizophrenics and in normals treated with ketamine. This model provides a theoretical link between cellular physiological changes and specific cognitive symptoms. As such, it can shed light on the etiology of schizophrenia in a fundamental way, and also holds the promise of pointing the way to more effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Siekmeier
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital,115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA.
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22
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Weiss AP, Goff D, Schacter DL, Ditman T, Freudenreich O, Henderson D, Heckers S. Fronto-hippocampal function during temporal context monitoring in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2006; 60:1268-77. [PMID: 17020747 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2006] [Revised: 06/07/2006] [Accepted: 06/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with schizophrenia have difficulty using contextual information to recall the source of information. Given the importance of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) in this type of memory, we hypothesized that this cognitive deficit stemmed from aberrant fronto-hippocampal activation during memory retrieval. METHODS Patients with schizophrenia (n = 16) and age-matched comparison subjects (n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing a verbal memory task that requires intact use of temporal context. Blood oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) signal during correct memory decisions was compared between the two groups with statistical parametric mapping. RESULTS Contrary to our hypotheses, patients with schizophrenia demonstrated nearly identical memory performance to that of the comparison subjects. Despite this, there were significant between-group BOLD signal differences, including a pattern of task-dependent hypofrontality or hyperfrontality. In addition, whereas the highest-performing subset of the comparison group demonstrated robust modulation of hippocampal activity, this pattern was not seen in the highest-performing patients with schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS Despite memory performance similar to that of comparison subjects, patients with schizophrenia activated different neural pathways to achieve this success. This might reflect underlying neuropathology in fronto-hippocampal circuitry, the use of an alternate cognitive strategy to accomplish task performance, or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P Weiss
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA.
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Abstract
Time perception has long been known to be impaired in schizophrenia. Moreover, recent neuropsychological theories have postulated abnormalities of cognitive motor control in schizophrenia. However, the intersection of these two topics has rarely been studied, and it is unclear what role subjects' own actions may play in the construction of subjective time representation. The present experiment compared the performance of 19 patients with schizophrenia and 24 normal controls in a timing judgment task. The results show that patients bind two consecutive movements more strongly than controls. This anomaly could play a role in the subjective pathological experiences of patients.
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Lee J, Park S. Working Memory Impairments in Schizophrenia: A Meta-Analysis. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2005; 114:599-611. [PMID: 16351383 DOI: 10.1037/0021-843x.114.4.599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 535] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Working memory (WM) deficit is a cardinal cognitive symptom of schizophrenia, but the differences among the tasks and measures used to assess WM make it difficult to compare across studies. The authors conducted a meta-analytic review to address 3 major questions: (a) Do patients with schizophrenia show WM deficits across diverse methodology; (b) Is WM deficit supramodal; and (c) Does the WM deficit worsen with longer delays? The results indicate that significant WM deficit was present in schizophrenia patients in all modalities examined. Increasing delay beyond 1 s did not influence the performance difference between schizophrenia patients and healthy control participants in WM. These results suggest that WM deficit in schizophrenia is modality independent and that encoding and/or early part of maintenance may be problematic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghee Lee
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA.
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25
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Working memory for visual features and conjunctions in schizophrenia. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2003. [DOI: 10.1037/0021-843x.112.1.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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