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KhokharVoytas A, Shahbaz M, Maqsood MF, Zulfiqar U, Naz N, Iqbal UZ, Sara M, Aqeel M, Khalid N, Noman A, Zulfiqar F, Al Syaad KM, AlShaqhaa MA. Genetic modification strategies for enhancing plant resilience to abiotic stresses in the context of climate change. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:283. [PMID: 37642792 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01202-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing the resilience of plants to abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity, heat, and cold, is crucial for ensuring global food security challenge in the context of climate change. The adverse effects of climate change, characterized by rising temperatures, shifting rainfall patterns, and increased frequency of extreme weather events, pose significant threats to agricultural systems worldwide. Genetic modification strategies offer promising approaches to develop crops with improved abiotic stress tolerance. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of various genetic modification techniques employed to enhance plant resilience. These strategies include the introduction of stress-responsive genes, transcription factors, and regulatory elements to enhance stress signaling pathways. Additionally, the manipulation of hormone signaling pathways, osmoprotectant accumulation, and antioxidant defense mechanisms is discussed. The use of genome editing tools, such as CRISPR-Cas9, for precise modification of target genes related to stress tolerance is also explored. Furthermore, the challenges and future prospects of genetic modification for abiotic stress tolerance are highlighted. Understanding and harnessing the potential of genetic modification strategies can contribute to the development of resilient crop varieties capable of withstanding adverse environmental conditions caused by climate change, thereby ensuring sustainable agricultural productivity and food security.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Shahbaz
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | | | - Usman Zulfiqar
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Nargis Naz
- Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Usama Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Maheen Sara
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aqeel
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems (SKLHIGA), College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Noreen Khalid
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Ali Noman
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Faisal Zulfiqar
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Khalid M Al Syaad
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
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Senguttuvel P, G P, C J, D SR, CN N, V J, P B, R G, J AK, SV SP, LV SR, AS H, K S, D S, RM S, Govindaraj M. Rice biofortification: breeding and genomic approaches for genetic enhancement of grain zinc and iron contents. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1138408. [PMID: 37332714 PMCID: PMC10272457 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1138408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Rice is a highly consumed staple cereal cultivated predominantly in Asian countries, which share 90% of global rice production. Rice is a primary calorie provider for more than 3.5 billion people across the world. Preference and consumption of polished rice have increased manifold, which resulted in the loss of inherent nutrition. The prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies (Zn and Fe) are major human health challenges in the 21st century. Biofortification of staples is a sustainable approach to alleviating malnutrition. Globally, significant progress has been made in rice for enhancing grain Zn, Fe, and protein. To date, 37 biofortified Fe, Zn, Protein and Provitamin A rich rice varieties are available for commercial cultivation (16 from India and 21 from the rest of the world; Fe > 10 mg/kg, Zn > 24 mg/kg, protein > 10% in polished rice as India target while Zn > 28 mg/kg in polished rice as international target). However, understanding the micronutrient genetics, mechanisms of uptake, translocation, and bioavailability are the prime areas that need to be strengthened. The successful development of these lines through integrated-genomic technologies can accelerate deployment and scaling in future breeding programs to address the key challenges of malnutrition and hidden hunger.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Senguttuvel
- Crop Improvement Section, ICAR - Indian Institute of Rice Research (ICAR - IIRR), Hyderabad, India
| | - Padmavathi G
- Crop Improvement Section, ICAR - Indian Institute of Rice Research (ICAR - IIRR), Hyderabad, India
| | - Jasmine C
- Crop Improvement Section, ICAR - Indian Institute of Rice Research (ICAR - IIRR), Hyderabad, India
- Genetics and Plant Breeding, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University (PJTSAU), Hyderabad, India
| | - Sanjeeva Rao D
- Crop Improvement Section, ICAR - Indian Institute of Rice Research (ICAR - IIRR), Hyderabad, India
| | - Neeraja CN
- Crop Improvement Section, ICAR - Indian Institute of Rice Research (ICAR - IIRR), Hyderabad, India
| | - Jaldhani V
- Crop Improvement Section, ICAR - Indian Institute of Rice Research (ICAR - IIRR), Hyderabad, India
| | - Beulah P
- Crop Improvement Section, ICAR - Indian Institute of Rice Research (ICAR - IIRR), Hyderabad, India
| | - Gobinath R
- Crop Improvement Section, ICAR - Indian Institute of Rice Research (ICAR - IIRR), Hyderabad, India
| | - Aravind Kumar J
- Crop Improvement Section, ICAR - Indian Institute of Rice Research (ICAR - IIRR), Hyderabad, India
| | - Sai Prasad SV
- Crop Improvement Section, ICAR - Indian Institute of Rice Research (ICAR - IIRR), Hyderabad, India
| | - Subba Rao LV
- Crop Improvement Section, ICAR - Indian Institute of Rice Research (ICAR - IIRR), Hyderabad, India
| | - Hariprasad AS
- Crop Improvement Section, ICAR - Indian Institute of Rice Research (ICAR - IIRR), Hyderabad, India
| | - Sruthi K
- Crop Improvement Section, ICAR - Indian Institute of Rice Research (ICAR - IIRR), Hyderabad, India
| | - Shivani D
- Genetics and Plant Breeding, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University (PJTSAU), Hyderabad, India
| | - Sundaram RM
- Crop Improvement Section, ICAR - Indian Institute of Rice Research (ICAR - IIRR), Hyderabad, India
| | - Mahalingam Govindaraj
- HarvestPlus, Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
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Wang W, Qiu X, Wang Z, Xie T, Sun W, Xu J, Zhang F, Yu S. Deciphering the Genetic Architecture of Color Variation in Whole Grain Rice by Genome-Wide Association. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:927. [PMID: 36840275 PMCID: PMC9960595 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Whole grain rice is recommended in a natural healthy diet because of its high nutritional and healthful benefits compared to polished or white rice. The whole grain contains the pericarp with many assorted colors (such as brown, red, and black) associated with taste and commercial quality. The color attributes of whole grain or brown rice are usually undesirable and need to be improved. To decipher the genetic basis of color variation in the whole grain rice, we conducted a genome-wide association analysis of three parameters of grain colors (brightness, redness, and yellowness) in a panel of 682 rice accessions. Twenty-six loci were identified for the color parameters, implying that grain color is under polygenic control. Among them, some major-effect loci were co-localized with the previously identified genes such as Rc and Rd. To eliminate the possible mask of Rc on other loci influencing grain color, we performed the association analysis in a subset of the panel that excluded the pigmented (red and black) rice. Eighteen loci or SNPs were detected to be associated with grain color in the subpopulation, many of which were not reported before. Two significant peak SNP regions on chromosomes 1 and 9 were validated using near-isogenic lines. Based on differential expression analysis of annotated genes within the SNP regions and metabolic analysis of pooled extreme samples, we found at least three annotated genes as potential candidates involved in the flavonoid metabolic pathway related to pericarp color. These results provide insights into the genetic basis of rice grain color and facilitate genomic breeding to improve appearance and commercial quality of whole grain rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xianjin Qiu
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Ziqi Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tianyi Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenqiang Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianlong Xu
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Sibin Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Ahmad M, Hussain A, Dar A, Luqman M, Ditta A, Iqbal Z, Ahmad HT, Nazli F, Soufan W, Almutairi K, Sabagh AE. Combating iron and zinc malnutrition through mineral biofortification in maize through plant growth promoting Bacillus and Paenibacillus species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1094551. [PMID: 36816488 PMCID: PMC9929565 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1094551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The burgeoning population of the world is causing food insecurity not only by less food availability but also by the malnutrition of essential nutrients and vitamins. Malnutrition is mostly linked with food having micronutrients lower than the optimal concentration of that specific food commodity and becoming an emerging challenge over the globe. Microbial biofortification in agriculture ensures nutritional security through microbial nitrogen fixation, and improved phosphate and zinc solubilization, which increase the uptake of these nutrients. The present study evaluates the novel plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) to biofortify maize gain. METHODS For this purpose, a pot and two field experiments for maize were conducted. PGPRs were applied alone and in combination for a better understanding of the biofortification potential of these strains. At physiological maturity, the growth parameters, and at harvest, the yield, microbial population, and nutritional status of maize were determined. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Results revealed that the consortium (ZM27+ZM63+S10) has caused the maximum increase in growth under pot studies like plant height (31%), shoot fresh weight (28%), shoot dry weight (27%), root fresh (33%) and dry weights (29%), and microbial count (21%) in the maize rhizosphere. The mineral analysis of the pot trial also revealed that consortium of ZM27+ZM63+S10 has caused 28, 16, 20, 11 and 11% increases in P, N, K, Fe, and Zn contents in maize, respectively, as compared to un-inoculated treatment in pot studies. A similar trend of results was also observed in both field trials as the consortium of ZM27+ZM63+S10 caused the maximum increase in not only growth and biological properties but also caused maximum biofortification of mineral nutrients in maize grains. The grain yield and 1000-grain weight were also found significantly higher 17 and 12%, respectively, under consortium application as compared to control. So, it can be concluded from these significant results obtained from the PGPR consortium application that microbial inoculants play a significant role in enhancing the growth, yield, and quality of the maize. However, the extensive evaluation of the consortium may help in the formulation of a biofertilizer for sustainable production and biofortification of maize to cope with nutritional security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maqshoof Ahmad
- Department of Soil Science, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Azhar Hussain
- Department of Soil Science, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Abubakar Dar
- Department of Soil Science, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Luqman
- Department of Soil Science, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Allah Ditta
- Department of environmental science, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Pakistan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- National Research Center of Intercropping, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Tanvir Ahmad
- Provincial Reference Fertilizer Testing Laboratory, Raiwind Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Farheen Nazli
- Institute of Agroindustry and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Walid Soufan
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Almutairi
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman El Sabagh
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kafrelsheikh, Kafr el-Sheikh, Egypt
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High-value pleiotropic genes for developing multiple stress-tolerant biofortified crops for 21st-century challenges. Heredity (Edinb) 2022; 128:460-472. [PMID: 35173311 PMCID: PMC8852949 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-022-00500-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The agriculture-based livelihood systems that are already vulnerable due to multiple challenges face immediate risk of increased crop failures due to weather vagaries. As breeders and biotechnologists, our strategy is to advance and innovate breeding for weather-proofing crops. Plant stress tolerance is a genetically complex trait. Additionally, crops rarely face a single type of stress in isolation, and it is difficult for plants to deal with multiple stresses simultaneously. One of the most helpful approaches to creating stress-resilient crops is genome editing and trans- or cis-genesis. Out of hundreds of stress-responsive genes, many have been used to impart tolerance against a particular stress factor, while a few used in combination for gene pyramiding against multiple stresses. However, a better approach would be to use multi-role pleiotropic genes that enable plants to adapt to numerous environmental stresses simultaneously. Herein we attempt to integrate and present the scattered information published in the past three decades about these pleiotropic genes for crop improvement and remodeling future cropping systems. Research articles validating functional roles of genes in transgenic plants were used to create groups of multi-role pleiotropic genes that could be candidate genes for developing weather-proof crop varieties. These biotech crop varieties will help create 'high-value farms' to meet the goal of a sustainable increase in global food productivity and stabilize food prices by ensuring a fluctuation-free assured food supply. It could also help create a gene repository through artificial gene synthesis for 'resilient high-value food production' for the 21st century.
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Smita RM, Shuvo APR, Raihan S, Jahan R, Simin FA, Rahman A, Biswas S, Salem L, Sagor MAT. The Role of Mineral Deficiencies in Insulin Resistance and Obesity. Curr Diabetes Rev 2022; 18:e171121197987. [PMID: 34789132 DOI: 10.2174/1573399818666211117104626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Minerals are critical for maintaining overall health. These tiny chemical compounds are responsible for enzymatic activation, maintaining healthy teeth and bones, regulating energy metabolism, enhancing immunity, and aiding muscle and brain function. However, mineral deficiency in the form of inadequate or under nourished intake affects millions of people throughout the world, with well-documented adverse health consequences of malnutrition. Conversely, mineral deficiency may also be a risk factor for Insulin Resistance (IR) and obesity. This review focuses on another, more "less discussed" form of malnutrition, namely mineral deficiency and its contribution to metabolic disorders. At the cellular level, minerals maintain not only molecular communication but also trigger several key biochemical pathways. Disturbances in these processes due to mineral insufficiency may gradually lead to metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, pre-diabetes, and central obesity, which might lead to renal failure, cardiac arrest, hepatic carcinoma, and various neurodegenerative diseases. Here we discuss the burden of disease promoted by mineral deficiencies and the medical, social, and economic consequences. Mineral deficiency-mediated IR and obesity have a considerable negative impact on individual well-being, physical consideration, and economic productivity. We discuss possible molecular mechanisms of mineral deficiency that may lead to IR and obesity and suggest strategies to counter these metabolic disorders. To protect mankind from mineral nutrient deficiencies, the key is to take a variety of foods in reasonable quantities, such as organic and pasture-raised eggs, low fat dairy, and grass-fed and finished meats, insecticide, and pesticide-free vegetables and fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sabbir Raihan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rajib Jahan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Faria Anjum Simin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ashiqur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Soumick Biswas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Liyad Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abu Taher Sagor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Ma S, Zhang M, Shi Y, Wang H, Chu H. Effects of ultrahigh pressure treatment on eating quality of steamed oat and oat protein structure. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2020.1857847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarina Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, P.R. China
| | - Meili Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, P.R. China
| | - Yanbin Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, P.R. China
| | - Hongli Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, P.R. China
| | - Huan Chu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, P.R. China
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Shao Y, Hu Z, Yu Y, Mou R, Zhu Z, Beta T. Phenolic acids, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, antioxidant activity, minerals and their correlations in non-pigmented, red, and black rice. Food Chem 2017; 239:733-741. [PMID: 28873629 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Soluble-free, soluble-conjugated, insoluble-bound phenolics and antioxidant activity, flavonoid (TFC), proanthocyanidins (TPAC), anthocyanins and minerals of fifteen whole rice grains with different colors were investigated. Soluble-free protocatechuic and vanillic acids were only quantified in black rice, which had the most quantities. Non-pigmented rice had no detectable conjugated protocatechuic and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acids both of which were found in black and red rice, respectively. The main bound phenolic acids were ferulic and p-coumaric, as well as 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic in red rice and protocatechuic and vanillic acids in black rice. Soluble-conjugated phenolics, TFC, and anthocyanins were negatively correlated with L∗, b∗, C and H° values. TPAC was positively correlated with a∗ (P<0.01). Protocatechuic, vanillic, syringic and ferulic acids were associated with TPC and antioxidant activity in the soluble-conjugated fraction while protocatechuic and ferulic acid were correlated with those in the insoluble-bound fraction. Principal component analysis divided samples into non-pigmented, red and black rice groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafang Shao
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Zhanqiang Hu
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yonghong Yu
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Renxiang Mou
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhu
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Trust Beta
- University of Manitoba, Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Canada.
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Characterization of total phenolics, antioxidant and antiplatelet activity of unpolished and polished rice varieties. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-016-9390-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Gabaza M, Muchuweti M, Vandamme P, Raes K. Can fermentation be used as a sustainable strategy to reduce iron and zinc binders in traditional African fermented cereal porridges or gruels? FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2016.1196491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Molly Gabaza
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Maud Muchuweti
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Peter Vandamme
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Katleen Raes
- Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Kortrijk, Belgium
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Singh M, Metwal M, Kumar VA, Kumar A. Identification and molecular characterization of 48 kDa calcium binding protein as calreticulin from finger millet (Eleusine coracana) using peptide mass fingerprinting and transcript profiling. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:672-9. [PMID: 25684084 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attempts were made to identify and characterize the calcium binding proteins (CaBPs) in grain filling stages of finger millet using proteomics, bioinformatics and molecular approaches. RESULTS A distinctly observed blue color band of 48 kDa stained by Stains-all was eluted and analyzed as calreticulin (CRT) using nano liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (nano LC-MS). Based on the top hits of peptide mass fingerprinting results, conserved primers were designed for isolation of the CRT gene from finger millet using calreticulin sequences of different cereals. The deduced nucleotide sequence analysis of 600 bp amplicon showed up to 91% similarity with CRT gene(s) of rice and other plant species and designated as EcCRT1. Transcript profiling of EcCRT1 showed different levels of relative expression at different stages of developing spikes. The higher expression of EcCRT1 transcripts and protein were observed in later stages of developing spikes which might be due to greater translational synthesis of EcCRT1 protein during seed maturation in finger millet. CONCLUSIONS Preferentially higher synthesis of this CaBP during later stages of grain filling may be responsible for the sequestration of calcium in endoplasmic reticulum of finger millet grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 63145, Udham Singh Nagar, India
| | - Mamta Metwal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 63145, Udham Singh Nagar, India
| | - Vandana A Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 63145, Udham Singh Nagar, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 63145, Udham Singh Nagar, India
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Liu L, Guo J, Zhang R, Wei Z, Deng Y, Guo J, Zhang M. Effect of degree of milling on phenolic profiles and cellular antioxidant activity of whole brown rice. Food Chem 2015; 185:318-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.03.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Teixeira A, Navarro A, Molina-García A, Martino M, Deladino L. Corn starch systems as carriers for yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) antioxidants: Effect of mineral addition. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Azadi H, Ghanian M, Ghoochani OM, Rafiaani P, Taning CNT, Hajivand RY, Dogot T. Genetically Modified Crops: Towards Agricultural Growth, Agricultural Development, or Agricultural Sustainability? FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2014.994816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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16
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Mee-ngern B, Lee SJ, Choachamnan J, Boonsupthip W. Penetration of juice into rice through vacuum drying. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Seedad P, Deeseenthum S, Maneewan K, Aengwanich W. Production of Healthy Brown Rice from Three Various Color Rice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apcbee.2014.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Maisuthisakul P, Changchub L. Effect of Extraction on Phenolic Antioxidant of Different Thai Rice (Oryza SativaL.) Genotypes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2012.685677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Aung MS, Masuda H, Kobayashi T, Nakanishi H, Yamakawa T, Nishizawa NK. Iron biofortification of myanmar rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:158. [PMID: 23750162 PMCID: PMC3664312 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) deficiency elevates human mortality rates, especially in developing countries. In Myanmar, the prevalence of Fe-deficient anemia in children and pregnant women are 75 and 71%, respectively. Myanmar people have one of the highest per capita rice consumption rates globally. Consequently, production of Fe-biofortified rice would likely contribute to solving the Fe-deficiency problem in this human population. To produce Fe-biofortified Myanmar rice by transgenic methods, we first analyzed callus induction and regeneration efficiencies in 15 varieties that are presently popular because of their high-yields or high-qualities. Callus formation and regeneration efficiency in each variety was strongly influenced by types of culture media containing a range of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid concentrations. The Paw San Yin variety, which has a high-Fe content in polished seeds, performed well in callus induction and regeneration trials. Thus, we transformed this variety using a gene expression cassette that enhanced Fe transport within rice plants through overexpression of the nicotianamine synthase gene HvNAS1, Fe flow to the endosperm through the Fe(II)-nicotianamine transporter gene OsYSL2, and Fe accumulation in endosperm by the Fe storage protein gene SoyferH2. A line with a transgene insertion was successfully obtained. Enhanced expressions of the introduced genes OsYSL2, HvNAS1, and SoyferH2 occurred in immature T2 seeds. The transformants accumulated 3.4-fold higher Fe concentrations, and also 1.3-fold higher zinc concentrations in T2 polished seeds compared to levels in non-transgenic rice. This Fe-biofortified rice has the potential to reduce Fe-deficiency anemia in millions of Myanmar people without changing food habits and without introducing additional costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Sann Aung
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Department of Global Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Technology, Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Masuda
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Technology, Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takanori Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Technology, Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nakanishi
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Department of Global Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamakawa
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Department of Global Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko K. Nishizawa
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Department of Global Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Technology, Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, Japan
- *Correspondence: Naoko K. Nishizawa, Laboratory of Plant Cell Technology, Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan. e-mail:
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Adenle AA, Aworh OC, Akromah R, Parayil G. Developing GM super cassava for improved health and food security: future challenges in Africa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1186/2048-7010-1-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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21
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Finamor IA, Saccol EM, Gabriel D, Ourique GM, Riffel AP, Konrad SP, Belló-Klein A, Partata W, Baldisserotto B, Llesuy SF, Pavanato MA. Effects of Parboiled Rice Diet on Oxidative Stress Parameters in Kidney of Rats with Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes. J Med Food 2012; 15:598-604. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2011.0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Isabela A. Finamor
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Etiane M.H. Saccol
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Diogo Gabriel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Giovana M. Ourique
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ana P.K. Riffel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Signorá P. Konrad
- Nutrition College, University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Adriane Belló-Klein
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Wania Partata
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Baldisserotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Susana F. Llesuy
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria A. Pavanato
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Saikia S, Dutta H, Saikia D, Mahanta CL. Quality characterisation and estimation of phytochemicals content and antioxidant capacity of aromatic pigmented and non-pigmented rice varieties. Food Res Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Shao Y, Jin L, Zhang G, Lu Y, Shen Y, Bao J. Association mapping of grain color, phenolic content, flavonoid content and antioxidant capacity in dehulled rice. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2011; 122:1005-16. [PMID: 21161500 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-010-1505-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemicals such as phenolics and flavonoids in rice grain are antioxidants that are associated with reduced risk of developing chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease, type-2 diabetes and some cancers. Understanding the genetic basis of these traits is necessary for the improvement of nutritional quality by breeding. Association mapping based on linkage disequilibrium has emerged as a powerful strategy for identifying genes or quantitative trait loci (QTL) underlying complex traits in plants. In this study, genome-wide association mapping using models controlling both population structure (Q) and relative kinship (K) were performed to identify the marker loci/QTLs underlying the naturally occurring variations of grain color and nutritional quality traits in 416 rice germplasm accessions including red and black rice. A total of 41 marker loci were identified for all the traits, and it was confirmed that Ra (i.e., Prp-b for purple pericarp) and Rc (brown pericarp and seed coat) genes were main-effect loci for rice grain color and nutritional quality traits. RM228, RM339, fgr (fragrance gene) and RM316 were important markers associated with most of the traits. Association mapping for the traits of the 361 white or non-pigmented rice accessions (i.e., excluding the red and black rice) revealed a total of 11 markers for four color parameters, and one marker (RM346) for phenolic content. Among them, Wx gene locus was identified for the color parameters of lightness (L*), redness (a*) and hue angle (H (o)). Our study suggested that the markers identified in this study can feasibly be used to improve nutritional quality or health benefit properties of rice by marker-assisted selection if the co-segregations of the marker-trait associations are validated in segregating populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafang Shao
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province and Chinese Ministry of Agriculture for Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Kim JK, Lee SY, Chu SM, Lim SH, Suh SC, Lee YT, Cho HS, Ha SH. Variation and correlation analysis of flavonoids and carotenoids in Korean pigmented rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:12804-12809. [PMID: 21090621 DOI: 10.1021/jf103277g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids and carotenoids of pigmented rice ( Oryza sativa L.), including five black cultivars and two red cultivars, from Korea were characterized to determine the diversity among the phytochemicals and to analyze the relationships among their contents. Black cultivars were higher in flavonoids and carotenoids than the red and white cultivars. The profiles of eight phytochemicals identified from the rice grains were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) to evaluate the differences among cultivars. PCA could fully distinguish between these cultivars. The Heugjinjubyeo (BR-1) and Heugseolbyeo (BR-2) cultivars were separated from the others based on flavonoid and carotenoid concentrations. Flavonoid contents had a positive correlation with carotenoid contents among all rice grains. The BR-1 and BR-2 cultivars appear to be good candidates for future breeding programs because they have simultaneously high flavonoid and carotenoid contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Kwang Kim
- National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Republic of Korea
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25
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Raybould A, Tuttle A, Shore S, Stone T. Environmental risk assessments for transgenic crops producing output trait enzymes. Transgenic Res 2009; 19:595-609. [PMID: 19924556 PMCID: PMC2902732 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-009-9343-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2009] [Accepted: 10/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The environmental risks from cultivating crops producing output trait enzymes can be rigorously assessed by testing conservative risk hypotheses of no harm to endpoints such as the abundance of wildlife, crop yield and the rate of degradation of crop residues in soil. These hypotheses can be tested with data from many sources, including evaluations of the agronomic performance and nutritional quality of the crop made during product development, and information from the scientific literature on the mode-of-action, taxonomic distribution and environmental fate of the enzyme. Few, if any, specific ecotoxicology or environmental fate studies are needed. The effective use of existing data means that regulatory decision-making, to which an environmental risk assessment provides essential information, is not unnecessarily complicated by evaluation of large amounts of new data that provide negligible improvement in the characterization of risk, and that may delay environmental benefits offered by transgenic crops containing output trait enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Raybould
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire, RG42 6EY, UK.
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Gómez-Galera S, Rojas E, Sudhakar D, Zhu C, Pelacho AM, Capell T, Christou P. Critical evaluation of strategies for mineral fortification of staple food crops. Transgenic Res 2009; 19:165-80. [PMID: 19685153 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-009-9311-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2009] [Accepted: 07/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Staple food crops, in particular cereal grains, are poor sources of key mineral nutrients. As a result, the world's poorest people, generally those subsisting on a monotonous cereal diet, are also those most vulnerable to mineral deficiency diseases. Various strategies have been proposed to deal with micronutrient deficiencies including the provision of mineral supplements, the fortification of processed food, the biofortification of crop plants at source with mineral-rich fertilizers and the implementation of breeding programs and genetic engineering approaches to generate mineral-rich varieties of staple crops. This review provides a critical comparison of the strategies that have been developed to address deficiencies in five key mineral nutrients-iodine, iron, zinc, calcium and selenium-and discusses the most recent advances in genetic engineering to increase mineral levels and bioavailability in our most important staple food crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Gómez-Galera
- Department of Vegetal Production and Forestry Science, ETSEA, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
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27
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Shen Y, Jin L, Xiao P, Lu Y, Bao J. Total phenolics, flavonoids, antioxidant capacity in rice grain and their relations to grain color, size and weight. J Cereal Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2008.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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White PJ, Broadley MR. Biofortification of crops with seven mineral elements often lacking in human diets--iron, zinc, copper, calcium, magnesium, selenium and iodine. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2009; 182:49-84. [PMID: 19192191 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02738.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 741] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The diets of over two-thirds of the world's population lack one or more essential mineral elements. This can be remedied through dietary diversification, mineral supplementation, food fortification, or increasing the concentrations and/or bioavailability of mineral elements in produce (biofortification). This article reviews aspects of soil science, plant physiology and genetics underpinning crop biofortification strategies, as well as agronomic and genetic approaches currently taken to biofortify food crops with the mineral elements most commonly lacking in human diets: iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iodine (I) and selenium (Se). Two complementary approaches have been successfully adopted to increase the concentrations of bioavailable mineral elements in food crops. First, agronomic approaches optimizing the application of mineral fertilizers and/or improving the solubilization and mobilization of mineral elements in the soil have been implemented. Secondly, crops have been developed with: increased abilities to acquire mineral elements and accumulate them in edible tissues; increased concentrations of 'promoter' substances, such as ascorbate, beta-carotene and cysteine-rich polypeptides which stimulate the absorption of essential mineral elements by the gut; and reduced concentrations of 'antinutrients', such as oxalate, polyphenolics or phytate, which interfere with their absorption. These approaches are addressing mineral malnutrition in humans globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J White
- The Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Martin R Broadley
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
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29
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Appendix 1: Vitamin A Deficiency: A Global Risk. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2007.00029_9.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hulshof PJ, Kosmeijer-Schuil T, West CE, Hollman PC. Quick screening of maize kernels for provitamin A content. J Food Compost Anal 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2006.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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32
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Brinch-Pedersen H, Borg S, Tauris B, Holm PB. Molecular genetic approaches to increasing mineral availability and vitamin content of cereals. J Cereal Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2007.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Broadley MR, White PJ, Bryson RJ, Meacham MC, Bowen HC, Johnson SE, Hawkesford MJ, McGrath SP, Zhao FJ, Breward N, Harriman M, Tucker M. Biofortification of UK food crops with selenium. Proc Nutr Soc 2006; 65:169-81. [PMID: 16672078 DOI: 10.1079/pns2006490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Se is an essential element for animals. In man low dietary Se intakes are associated with health disorders including oxidative stress-related conditions, reduced fertility and immune functions and an increased risk of cancers. Although the reference nutrient intakes for adult females and males in the UK are 60 and 75 microg Se/d respectively, dietary Se intakes in the UK have declined from >60 microg Se/d in the 1970s to 35 microg Se/d in the 1990s, with a concomitant decline in human Se status. This decline in Se intake and status has been attributed primarily to the replacement of milling wheat having high levels of grain Se and grown on high-Se soils in North America with UK-sourced wheat having low levels of grain Se and grown on low-Se soils. An immediate solution to low dietary Se intake and status is to enrich UK-grown food crops using Se fertilisers (agronomic biofortification). Such a strategy has been adopted with success in Finland. It may also be possible to enrich food crops in the longer term by selecting or breeding crop varieties with enhanced Se-accumulation characteristics (genetic biofortification). The present paper will review the potential for biofortification of UK food crops with Se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin R Broadley
- Plant Sciences Division, Univerisity of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK.
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Celec P, Kukucková M, Renczésová V, Natarajan S, Pálffy R, Gardlík R, Hodosy J, Behuliak M, Vlková B, Minárik G, Szemes T, Stuchlík S, Turna J. Biological and biomedical aspects of genetically modified food. Biomed Pharmacother 2005; 59:531-40. [PMID: 16298508 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2005.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2005] [Accepted: 07/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically modified (GM) foods are the product of one of the most progressive fields of science-biotechnology. There are major concerns about GM foods in the public; some of them are reasonable, some of them are not. Biomedical risks of GM foods include problems regarding the potential allergenicity, horizontal gene transfer, but environmental side effects on biodiversity must also be recognized. Numerous methods have been developed to assess the potential risk of every GM food type. Benefits of the first generation of GM foods were oriented towards the production process and companies, the second generation of GM foods offers, on contrary, various advantages and added value for the consumer. This includes improved nutritional composition or even therapeutic effects. Recombinant probiotics and the principle of alternative gene therapy represent the latest approach of using GM organisms for biomedical applications. This article tries to summarize and to explain the problematic topic of GM food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Celec
- Biomed Research and Publishing Group, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Bajaj S, Mohanty A. Recent advances in rice biotechnology--towards genetically superior transgenic rice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2005; 3:275-307. [PMID: 17129312 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2005.00130.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Rice biotechnology has made rapid advances since the first transgenic rice plants were produced 15 years ago. Over the past decade, this progress has resulted in the development of high frequency, routine and reproducible genetic transformation protocols for rice. This technology has been applied to produce rice plants that withstand several abiotic stresses, as well as to gain tolerance against various pests and diseases. In addition, quality improving and increased nutritional value traits have also been introduced into rice. Most of these gains were not possible through conventional breeding technologies. Transgenic rice system has been used to understand the process of transformation itself, the integration pattern of transgene as well as to modulate gene expression. Field trials of transgenic rice, especially insect-resistant rice, have recently been performed and several other studies that are prerequisite for safe release of transgenic crops have been initiated. New molecular improvisations such as inducible expression of transgene and selectable marker-free technology will help in producing superior transgenic product. It is also a step towards alleviating public concerns relating to issues of transgenic technology and to gain regulatory approval. Knowledge gained from rice can also be applied to improve other cereals. The completion of the rice genome sequencing together with a rich collection of full-length cDNA resources has opened up a plethora of opportunities, paving the way to integrate data from the large-scale projects to solve specific biological problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shavindra Bajaj
- Gene Technology, The Horticulture and Food Research Institute of New Zealand Limited (HortResearch) 120 Mt. Albert Road, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Grusak
- USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, TX 77030-2600, USA.
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Abstract
Plant breeders have made and will continue to make important contributions toward meeting the need for more and better feed and food. The use of new techniques to modify the genetic makeup of plants to improve their properties has led to a new generation of crops, grains and their by-products for feed. The use of ingredients and products from genetically modified plants (GMP) in animal nutrition properly raises many questions and issues, such as the role of a nutritional assessment of the modified feed or feed additive as part of safety assessment, the possible influence of genetically modified (GM) products on animal health and product quality and the persistence of the recombinant DNA and of the 'novel' protein in the digestive tract and tissues of food-producing animals. During the last few years many studies have determined the nutrient value of GM feeds compared to their conventional counterparts and some have additionally followed the fate of DNA and novel protein. The results available to date are reassuring and reveal no significant differences in the safety and nutritional value of feedstuffs containing material derived from the so-called 1st generation of genetically modified plants (those with unchanged gross composition) in comparison with non-GM varieties. In addition, no residues of recombinant DNA or novel proteins have been found in any organ or tissue samples obtained from animals fed with GMP. These results indicate that for compositionally equivalent GMP routine-feeding studies with target species generally add little to nutritional and safety assessment. However, the strategies devised for the nutritional and safety assessment of the 1st generation products will be much more difficult to apply to 2nd generation GMP in which significant changes in constituents have been deliberately introduced (e.g., increased fatty acids or amino acids content or a reduced concentration of undesirable constituents). It is suggested that studies made with animals will play a much more important role in insuring the safety of these 2nd generation constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Flachowsky
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Agricultural Research Centre (FAL), Braunschweig, Germany.
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