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Kyriazi P, Headley DB, Paré D. Different Multidimensional Representations across the Amygdalo-Prefrontal Network during an Approach-Avoidance Task. Neuron 2020; 107:717-730.e5. [PMID: 32562662 PMCID: PMC7442738 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The prelimbic (PL) area and basolateral amygdala (lateral [LA] and basolateral [BL] nuclei) have closely related functions and similar extrinsic connectivity. Reasoning that the computational advantage of such redundancy should be reflected in differences in how these structures represent information, we compared the coding properties of PL and amygdala neurons during a task that requires rats to produce different conditioned defensive or appetitive behaviors. Rather than unambiguous regional differences in the identities of the variables encoded, we found gradients in how the same variables are represented. Whereas PL and BL neurons represented many different parameters through minor variations in firing rates, LA cells coded fewer task features with stronger changes in activity. At the population level, whereas valence could be easily distinguished from amygdala activity, PL neurons could distinguish both valence and trial identity as well as or better than amygdala neurons. Thus, PL has greater representational capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinelopi Kyriazi
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers State University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA; Behavioral and Neural Sciences Graduate Program, Rutgers State University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Drew B Headley
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers State University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
| | - Denis Paré
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers State University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
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Characterizing the Input-Output Function of the Olfactory-Limbic Pathway in the Guinea Pig. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2015; 2015:359590. [PMID: 26290660 PMCID: PMC4531155 DOI: 10.1155/2015/359590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays the neuroscientific community is taking more and more advantage of the continuous interaction between engineers and computational neuroscientists in order to develop neuroprostheses aimed at replacing damaged brain areas with artificial devices. To this end, a technological effort is required to develop neural network models which can be fed with the recorded electrophysiological patterns to yield the correct brain stimulation to recover the desired functions. In this paper we present a machine learning approach to derive the input-output function of the olfactory-limbic pathway in the in vitro whole brain of guinea pig, less complex and more controllable than an in vivo system. We first experimentally characterized the neuronal pathway by delivering different sets of electrical stimuli from the lateral olfactory tract (LOT) and by recording the corresponding responses in the lateral entorhinal cortex (l-ERC). As a second step, we used information theory to evaluate how much information output features carry about the input. Finally we used the acquired data to learn the LOT-l-ERC “I/O function,” by means of the kernel regularized least squares method, able to predict l-ERC responses on the basis of LOT stimulation features. Our modeling approach can be further exploited for brain prostheses applications.
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Aimone JB, Li Y, Lee SW, Clemenson GD, Deng W, Gage FH. Regulation and function of adult neurogenesis: from genes to cognition. Physiol Rev 2014; 94:991-1026. [PMID: 25287858 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00004.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 421] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus is a notable process due not only to its uniqueness and potential impact on cognition but also to its localized vertical integration of different scales of neuroscience, ranging from molecular and cellular biology to behavior. This review summarizes the recent research regarding the process of adult neurogenesis from these different perspectives, with particular emphasis on the differentiation and development of new neurons, the regulation of the process by extrinsic and intrinsic factors, and their ultimate function in the hippocampus circuit. Arising from a local neural stem cell population, new neurons progress through several stages of maturation, ultimately integrating into the adult dentate gyrus network. The increased appreciation of the full neurogenesis process, from genes and cells to behavior and cognition, makes neurogenesis both a unique case study for how scales in neuroscience can link together and suggests neurogenesis as a potential target for therapeutic intervention for a number of disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Aimone
- Cognitive Modeling Group, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico; and Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Yan Li
- Cognitive Modeling Group, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico; and Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Star W Lee
- Cognitive Modeling Group, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico; and Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Gregory D Clemenson
- Cognitive Modeling Group, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico; and Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Wei Deng
- Cognitive Modeling Group, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico; and Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Fred H Gage
- Cognitive Modeling Group, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico; and Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
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Mosqueiro TS, Huerta R. Computational models to understand decision making and pattern recognition in the insect brain. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2014; 6:80-85. [PMID: 25593793 PMCID: PMC4289906 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Odor stimuli reaching olfactory systems of mammals and insects are characterized by remarkable non-stationary and noisy time series. Their brains have evolved to discriminate subtle changes in odor mixtures and find meaningful variations in complex spatio-temporal patterns. Insects with small brains can effectively solve two computational tasks: identify the presence of an odor type and estimate the concentration levels of the odor. Understanding the learning and decision making processes in the insect brain can not only help us to uncover general principles of information processing in the brain, but it can also provide key insights to artificial chemical sensing. Both olfactory learning and memory are dominantly organized in the Antennal Lobe (AL) and the Mushroom Bodies (MBs). Current computational models yet fail to deliver an integrated picture of the joint computational roles of the AL and MBs. This review intends to provide an integrative overview of the computational literature analyzed in the context of the problem of classification (odor discrimination) and regression (odor concentration estimation), particularly identifying key computational ingredients necessary to solve pattern recognition.
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Ju H, Xu JX, Chong E, VanDongen AM. Effects of synaptic connectivity on liquid state machine performance. Neural Netw 2013; 38:39-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neunet.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Deng W, Aimone JB, Gage FH. New neurons and new memories: how does adult hippocampal neurogenesis affect learning and memory? Nat Rev Neurosci 2010; 11:339-50. [PMID: 20354534 DOI: 10.1038/nrn2822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1535] [Impact Index Per Article: 109.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The integration of adult-born neurons into the circuitry of the adult hippocampus suggests an important role for adult hippocampal neurogenesis in learning and memory, but its specific function in these processes has remained elusive. In this article, we summarize recent progress in this area, including advances based on behavioural studies and insights provided by computational modelling. Increasingly, evidence suggests that newborn neurons might be involved in hippocampal functions that are particularly dependent on the dentate gyrus, such as pattern separation. Furthermore, newborn neurons at different maturation stages may make distinct contributions to learning and memory. In particular, computational studies suggest that, before newborn neurons are fully mature, they might function as a pattern integrator by introducing a degree of similarity to the encoding of events that occur closely in time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Deng
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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