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Hadjiargyrou M, Kotsiopriftis M, Lauzier D, Hamdy RC, Kloen P. Activation of Wnt signaling in human fracture callus and nonunion tissues. Bone Rep 2024; 22:101780. [PMID: 39005846 PMCID: PMC11245924 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2024.101780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway is a key molecular process during fracture repair. Although much of what we now know about the role of this pathway in bone is derived from in vitro and animal studies, the same cannot be said about humans. As such, we hypothesized that Wnt signaling will also be a key process in humans during physiological fracture healing as well as in the development of a nonunion (hypertrophic and oligotrophic). We further hypothesized that the expression of Wnt-signaling pathway genes/proteins would exhibit a differential expression pattern between physiological fracture callus and the pathological nonunion tissues. We tested these two hypotheses by examining the mRNA levels of key Wnt-signaling related genes: ligands (WNT4, WNT10a), receptors (FZD4, LRP5, LRP6), inhibitors (DKK1, SOST) and modulators (CTNNB1 and PORCN). RNA sequencing from calluses as well as from the two nonunion tissue types, revealed that all of these genes were expressed at about the same level in these three tissue types. Further, spatial expression experiments identified the cells responsible of producing these proteins. Robust expression was detected in osteoblasts for the majority of these genes except SOST which displayed low expression, but in contrast, was mostly detected in osteocytes. Many of these genes were also expressed by callus chondrocytes as well. Taken together, these results confirm that Wnt signaling is indeed active during both human physiological fracture healing as well as in pathological nonunions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hadjiargyrou
- Department of Biological & Chemical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA
| | - Maria Kotsiopriftis
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shriners Hospital for Children, Montreal Children Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 0A9, Canada
| | - Dominique Lauzier
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shriners Hospital for Children, Montreal Children Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 0A9, Canada
| | - Reggie C Hamdy
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shriners Hospital for Children, Montreal Children Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 0A9, Canada
| | - Peter Kloen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, (Tissue Function and Regeneration), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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2
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Sheng N, Xing F, Wang J, Zhang QY, Nie R, Li-Ling J, Duan X, Xie HQ. Recent progress in bone-repair strategies in diabetic conditions. Mater Today Bio 2023; 23:100835. [PMID: 37928253 PMCID: PMC10623372 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone regeneration following trauma, tumor resection, infection, or congenital disease is challenging. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia. It can result in complications affecting multiple systems including the musculoskeletal system. The increased number of diabetes-related fractures poses a great challenge to clinical specialties, particularly orthopedics and dentistry. Various pathological factors underlying DM may directly impair the process of bone regeneration, leading to delayed or even non-union of fractures. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which DM hampers bone regeneration, including immune abnormalities, inflammation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, vascular system damage, insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) deficiency, hyperglycemia, and the production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Based on published data, it also summarizes bone repair strategies in diabetic conditions, which include immune regulation, inhibition of inflammation, reduction of oxidative stress, promotion of angiogenesis, restoration of stem cell mobilization, and promotion of osteogenic differentiation, in addition to the challenges and future prospects of such approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Sheng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Fei Xing
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Qing-Yi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Rong Nie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Jesse Li-Ling
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
- Frontier Medical Center, Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, 610212, China
- Department of Medical Genetics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xin Duan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Hui-Qi Xie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
- Frontier Medical Center, Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, 610212, China
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3
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Poddar D, Singh A, Rao P, Mohanty S, Jain P. Modified-Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Hybrid Composite Interfacial Coating on 3D Polymeric Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2300243. [PMID: 37586699 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Three dimensional (3D) scaffolds have huge limitations due to their low porosity, mechanical strength, and lack of direct cell-bioactive drug contact. Whereas bisphosphonate drug has the ability to stimulate osteogenesis in osteoblasts and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) which attracted its therapeutic use. However it is hard administration low bioavailability, and lack of site-specificity, limiting its usage. The proposed scaffold architecture allows cells to access the bioactive surface at their apex by interacting at the scaffold's interfacial layer. The interface of 3D polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds has been coated with alendronate-modified hydroxyapatite (MALD) enclosed in a chitosan matrix, to mimic the native environment and stupulate the through interaction of cells to bioactive layer. Where the mechanical strength will be provided by the skeleton of PCL. In the MALD composite's hydroxyapatite (HAP) component will govern alendronate (ALD) release behavior, and HAP presence will drive the increase in local calcium ion concentration increases hMSC proliferation and differentiation. In results, MALD show release of 86.28 ± 0.22. XPS and SEM investigation of the scaffold structure, shows inspiring particle deposition with chitosan over the interface. All scaffolds enhanced cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteocyte differentiation for over a week without in vitro cell toxicity with 3.03 ± 0.2 kPa mechanical strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Poddar
- Department of Chemistry, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, Dwarka Sector 3, New Delhi, 110078, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Ankita Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, Dwarka Sector 3, New Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Pranshu Rao
- Stem Cell Facility, DBT-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Sujata Mohanty
- Stem Cell Facility, DBT-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Purnima Jain
- Department of Chemistry, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, Dwarka Sector 3, New Delhi, 110078, India
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Gai Y, Yin Y, Guan L, Zhang S, Chen J, Yang J, Zhou H, Li J. Rational Design of Bioactive Materials for Bone Hemostasis and Defect Repair. CYBORG AND BIONIC SYSTEMS 2023; 4:0058. [PMID: 37829507 PMCID: PMC10566342 DOI: 10.34133/cbsystems.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Everyday unnatural events such as trauma, accidents, military conflict, disasters, and even medical malpractice create open wounds and massive blood loss, which can be life-threatening. Fractures and large bone defects are among the most common types of injuries. Traditional treatment methods usually involve rapid hemostasis and wound closure, which are convenient and fast but may result in various complications such as nerve injury, deep infection, vascular injury, and deep hematomas. To address these complications, various studies have been conducted on new materials that can be degraded in the body and reduce inflammation and abscesses in the surgical area. This review presents the latest research progress in biomaterials for bone hemostasis and repair. The mechanisms of bone hemostasis and bone healing are first introduced and then principles for rational design of biomaterials are summarized. After providing representative examples of hemostatic biomaterials for bone repair, future challenges and opportunities in the field are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Gai
- School of Medical Technology,
Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yue Yin
- School of Medical Technology,
Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ling Guan
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Sciences,
Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Department of Medicine,
University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing Tiantan Hospital,
Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Shengchang Zhang
- School of Medical Technology,
Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiatian Chen
- School of Medical Technology,
Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Junyuan Yang
- School of Medical Technology,
Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huaijuan Zhou
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Sciences,
Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- School of Medical Technology,
Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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Javid K, Mourão CF, Mello-Machado RC, Sartoretto SC, Torres M, Stellet Lourenço E, Leite PEC, Granjeiro JM, Alves GG, Calasans-Maia MD. Clinical and Biochemical Evaluation of the Use of Alb-PRF versus L-PRF in Mandibular Third Molar Extractions: A Split-Mouth Randomized Clinical Trial. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:505. [PMID: 37888172 PMCID: PMC10607814 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14100505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering seeks biomaterials that enable cell migration, angiogenesis, matrix deposition, and tissue regeneration. Blood concentrates like platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) offer a cost-effective source of cells and growth factors to enhance healing. The present study aimed to evaluate heated serum albumin with liquid PRF (Alb-PRF) and L-PRF clinically and biochemically after placement in dental sockets following mandibular third molar extraction. In a controlled, split-mouth study involving 10 volunteers, 20 extracted molars were treated with either Alb-PRF or L-PRF. Post-extraction, pain, trismus, infection presence, and swelling were measured. The concentrations of different analytes in the surgical sites were also examined. The data were statistically analyzed, with significance defined at p < 0.05 (t-test). No significant difference was noted between the groups for pain and trismus, but Alb-PRF showed a significant reduction in swelling on day seven. The Alb-PRF group showed lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (GM-CSF, IL-1b, IL-6, IFNy, IL-8, IL-15, RANTES, and MIP-1a) after seven days, with only higher expressions of MIP-1b, IL-1b, and MCP-1 found in the L-PRF group. Differences were observed in the release of analytes between L-PRF and Alb-PRF, with Alb-PRF significantly reducing edema after seven days. Alb-PRF reduced edema, while L-PRF increased inflammatory cytokines. When compared to L-PRF, Alb-PRF reduced edema and the release of inflammatory cytokines, suggesting promising effects in socket healing while underscoring the role of growth factors and cytokines in potential applications of blood concentrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayvon Javid
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói 24020-140, Brazil
| | - Carlos Fernando Mourão
- Department of Periodontology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | | | | | - Madelaine Torres
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói 24020-140, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Emilio Correa Leite
- Clinical Research Unit, Antonio Pedro Hospital, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói 24033-900, Brazil
| | - José Mauro Granjeiro
- Department of Oral Surgery, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói 24020-140, Brazil
| | - Gutemberg Gomes Alves
- Department of Biotechnology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói 24033-900, Brazil
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Gaweł J, Milan J, Żebrowski J, Płoch D, Stefaniuk I, Kus-Liśkiewicz M. Biomaterial composed of chitosan, riboflavin, and hydroxyapatite for bone tissue regeneration. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17004. [PMID: 37813934 PMCID: PMC10562422 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44225-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomaterial engineering approaches involve using a combination of miscellaneous bioactive molecules which may promote cell proliferation and, thus, form a scaffold with the environment that favors the regeneration process. Chitosan, a naturally occurring biodegradable polymer, possess some essential features, i.e., biodegradability, biocompatibility, and in the solid phase good porosity, which may contribute to promote cell adhesion. Moreover, doping of the materials with other biocompounds will create a unique and multifunctional scaffold that will be useful in regenerative medicine. This study is focused on the manufacturing and characterization of composite materials based on chitosan, hydroxyapatite, and riboflavin. The resulting films were fabricated by the casting/solvent evaporation method. Morphological and spectroscopy analyses of the films revealed a porous structure and an interconnection between chitosan and apatite. The composite material showed an inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus and exhibited higher antioxidant activity compared to pure chitosan. In vitro studies on riboflavin showed increased cell proliferation and migration of fibroblasts and osteosarcoma cells, thus demonstrating their potential for bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Gaweł
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1 St, 35‑310, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Justyna Milan
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1 St, 35‑310, Rzeszow, Poland
- Laboratory of Innovative Toxicological Research and Analyses, Institute of Medical Studies, Medical College, Rzeszów University, Aleja Majora W. Kopisto 2a, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Jacek Żebrowski
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1 St, 35‑310, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Dariusz Płoch
- Institute of Materials Engineering, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1 St, 35‑310, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Stefaniuk
- Institute of Materials Engineering, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1 St, 35‑310, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kus-Liśkiewicz
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1 St, 35‑310, Rzeszow, Poland.
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Nickenig HJ, Zöller JE, Kreppel M. Indications and surgical technique for distraction osteogenesis of the alveolar bone for augmentation prior to insertion of dental implants. Periodontol 2000 2023; 93:327-339. [PMID: 37940190 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
When bone is limited, short, ultra-short, or narrow implants help to restore oral rehabilitation with an acceptable long-term outcome. This becomes more difficult with severe vertical bone loss. Guided bone regeneration, onlay block transplantation, or sandwich osteotomy have been established to build up these defects. The alternative to the alveolar distraction osteogenesis (ADO) has only been established in some centers, with a standardized protocol. On the one hand, ADO is a biological procedure that allows almost a "restitutio ad integrum" when building up hard and soft tissue. On the other hand, there are clear indications, limitations, and complications of the procedure in the literature. In addition to the literature, concept of Tissue Regeneration by Alveolar Callusdistraction Cologne (TRACC), which has been practiced successfully for over two decades, will be presented for different indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Joachim Nickenig
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Department of Oral Surgery and Implantology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Joachim E Zöller
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Department of Oral Surgery and Implantology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias Kreppel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Department of Oral Surgery and Implantology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Mishchenko O, Yanovska A, Kosinov O, Maksymov D, Moskalenko R, Ramanavicius A, Pogorielov M. Synthetic Calcium-Phosphate Materials for Bone Grafting. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3822. [PMID: 37765676 PMCID: PMC10536599 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic bone grafting materials play a significant role in various medical applications involving bone regeneration and repair. Their ability to mimic the properties of natural bone and promote the healing process has contributed to their growing relevance. While calcium-phosphates and their composites with various polymers and biopolymers are widely used in clinical and experimental research, the diverse range of available polymer-based materials poses challenges in selecting the most suitable grafts for successful bone repair. This review aims to address the fundamental issues of bone biology and regeneration while providing a clear perspective on the principles guiding the development of synthetic materials. In this study, we delve into the basic principles underlying the creation of synthetic bone composites and explore the mechanisms of formation for biologically important complexes and structures associated with the various constituent parts of these materials. Additionally, we offer comprehensive information on the application of biologically active substances to enhance the properties and bioactivity of synthetic bone grafting materials. By presenting these insights, our review enables a deeper understanding of the regeneration processes facilitated by the application of synthetic bone composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Mishchenko
- Department of Surgical and Propaedeutic Dentistry, Zaporizhzhia State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 26, Prosp. Mayakovskogo, 69035 Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine; (O.M.); (O.K.); (D.M.)
| | - Anna Yanovska
- Theoretical and Applied Chemistry Department, Sumy State University, R-Korsakova Street, 40007 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Oleksii Kosinov
- Department of Surgical and Propaedeutic Dentistry, Zaporizhzhia State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 26, Prosp. Mayakovskogo, 69035 Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine; (O.M.); (O.K.); (D.M.)
| | - Denys Maksymov
- Department of Surgical and Propaedeutic Dentistry, Zaporizhzhia State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 26, Prosp. Mayakovskogo, 69035 Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine; (O.M.); (O.K.); (D.M.)
| | - Roman Moskalenko
- Department of Pathology, Sumy State University, R-Korsakova Street, 40007 Sumy, Ukraine;
| | - Arunas Ramanavicius
- NanoTechnas-Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Maksym Pogorielov
- Biomedical Research Centre, Sumy State University, R-Korsakova Street, 40007 Sumy, Ukraine;
- Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Iela 3, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
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Clement ND, Gaston MS, Simpson AH. Fractures in elderly mice demonstrate delayed ossification of the soft callus: a cellular and radiographic study. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY & TRAUMATOLOGY : ORTHOPEDIE TRAUMATOLOGIE 2023; 33:977-985. [PMID: 35239001 PMCID: PMC10125932 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-022-03235-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the cellular age-related changes in fracture repair and relate these to the observed radiographic assessments at differing time points. METHODS Transverse traumatic tibial diaphyseal fractures were created in 12-14 weeks old (young n = 16) and 18 months old (elderly n = 20) in Balb/C wild mice. Fracture calluses were harvested at five time points from 1 to 35 days post fracture for histomorphometry (percent of cartilage and bone), radiographic analysis (total callus volume, callus index, and relative bone mineral content). RESULTS The elderly mice produced an equal amount of cartilage when compared to young mice (p > 0.08). However, by day 21 there was a significantly greater percentage of bone at the fracture site in the young group (mean percentage 50% versus 11%, p < 0.001). It was not until day 35 when the elderly group produced a similar amount of bone compared to the young group at 21 days (50% versus 53%, non-significant (ns)). The callus area and callus index on radiographic assessment was not significantly different between young and elderly groups at any time point. Relative bone mineral content was significantly greater in the young group at 14 days (545.7 versus -120.2, p < 0.001) and 21 days (888.7 versus 451.0, p < 0.001) when compared to the elderly group. It was not until day 35 when the elderly group produced a similar relative bone mineral content as the young group at 21 days (888.7 versus 921.8, ns). CONCLUSIONS Elderly mice demonstrated a delay in endochondral ossification which was associated with a decreased relative bone mineral content at the fracture site and may help assess these cellular changes in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. D. Clement
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, University of Edinburgh, Little France, Edinburgh, EH16 4SA UK
| | - M. S. Gaston
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, University of Edinburgh, Little France, Edinburgh, EH16 4SA UK
| | - A. H. Simpson
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, University of Edinburgh, Little France, Edinburgh, EH16 4SA UK
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10
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Deng H, Wang J, An R. Hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels: As an exosome delivery system in bone regeneration. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1131001. [PMID: 37007032 PMCID: PMC10063825 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1131001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing various ingredients such as DNA, RNA, lipids and proteins, which play a significant role in intercellular communication. Numerous studies have demonstrated the important role of exosomes in bone regeneration through promoting the expression of osteogenic-related genes and proteins in mesenchymal stem cells. However, the low targeting ability and short circulating half-life of exosomes limited their clinical application. In order to solve those problems, different delivery systems and biological scaffolds have been developed. Hydrogel is a kind of absorbable biological scaffold composed of three-dimensional hydrophilic polymers. It not only has excellent biocompatibility and superior mechanical strength but can also provide a suitable nutrient environment for the growth of the endogenous cells. Thus, the combination between exosomes and hydrogels can improve the stability and maintain the biological activity of exosomes while achieving the sustained release of exosomes in the bone defect sites. As an important component of the extracellular matrix (ECM), hyaluronic acid (HA) plays a critical role in various physiological and pathological processes such as cell differentiation, proliferation, migration, inflammation, angiogenesis, tissue regeneration, wound healing and cancer. In recent years, hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels have been used as an exosome delivery system for bone regeneration and have displayed positive effects. This review mainly summarized the potential mechanism of HA and exosomes in promoting bone regeneration and the application prospects and challenges of hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels as exosome delivery devices in bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ran An
- *Correspondence: Jiecong Wang, ; Ran An,
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11
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Shineh G, Patel K, Mobaraki M, Tayebi L. Functional Approaches in Promoting Vascularization and Angiogenesis in Bone Critical-Sized Defects via Delivery of Cells, Growth Factors, Drugs, and Particles. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:99. [PMID: 36826899 PMCID: PMC9960138 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14020099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Critical-sized bone defects, or CSDs, are defined as bone defects that cannot be regenerated by themselves and require surgical intervention via employing specific biomaterials and a certain regenerative strategy. Although a variety of approaches can be used to treat CSDs, poor angiogenesis and vascularization remain an obstacle in these methods. The complex biological healing of bone defects depends directly on the function of blood flow to provide sufficient oxygen and nutrients and the removal of waste products from the defect site. The absence of vascularization can lead to non-union and delayed-union defect development. To overcome this challenge, angiogenic agents can be delivered to the site of injury to stimulate vessel formation. This review begins by introducing the treatment methods for CSDs. The importance of vascularization in CSDs is subsequently highlighted. Delivering angiogenesis agents, including relevant growth factors, cells, drugs, particles, cell secretion substances, their combination, and co-delivery to CSDs are fully explored. Moreover, the effects of such agents on new bone formation, followed by vessel formation in defect areas, are evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Shineh
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Kishan Patel
- School of Dentistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53207, USA
| | - Mohammadmahdi Mobaraki
- Biomaterial Group, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 15916-34311, Iran
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- School of Dentistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53207, USA
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12
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Lončar SR, Halcrow SE, Swales D. Osteoimmunology: The effect of autoimmunity on fracture healing and skeletal analysis. Forensic Sci Int Synerg 2023; 6:100326. [PMID: 37091290 PMCID: PMC10120377 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2023.100326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Understanding factors that affect bone response to trauma is integral to forensic skeletal analysis. It is essential in forensic anthropology to identify if impaired fracture healing impacts assessment of post-traumatic time intervals and whether a correction factor is required. This paper presents a synthetic review of the intersection of the literature on the immune system, bone biology, and osteoimmunological research to present a novel model of interactions that may affect fracture healing under autoimmune conditions. Results suggest that autoimmunity likely impacts fracture healing, the pathogenesis however, is under researched, but likely multifactorial. With autoimmune diseases being relatively common, significant clinical history should be incorporated when assessing skeletal remains. Future research includes the true natural healing rate of bone; effect of autoimmunity on this rate; variation of healing with different autoimmune diseases; and if necessary, development of a correction factor on the natural healing rate to account for impairment in autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephie R. Lončar
- Centre for Anatomy and Human Identification, School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, New Zealand
- Corresponding author. Centre for Anatomy and Human Identification School of Science and Engineering, MSI/WTB Complex, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - Siân E. Halcrow
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, New Zealand
- Corresponding author. Biological Anthropology Research Group, Department of Anatomy, 270 Great King Street, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand.
| | - Diana Swales
- Centre for Anatomy and Human Identification, School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
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13
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Kajabi AW, Zbýň Š, Johnson CP, Tompkins MA, Nelson BJ, Takahashi T, Shea KG, Marette S, Carlson CS, Ellermann JM. Longitudinal 3T MRI T 2 * mapping of Juvenile osteochondritis dissecans (JOCD) lesions differentiates operative from non-operative patients-Pilot study. J Orthop Res 2023; 41:150-160. [PMID: 35430743 PMCID: PMC9573934 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile osteochondritis dissecans (JOCD) is an orthopedic joint disorder of children and adolescents that can lead to premature osteoarthritis. Thirteen patients (mean age: 12.3 years, 4 females), 15 JOCD-affected and five contralateral healthy knees, that had a baseline and a follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (mean interval of 8.9 months) and were treated nonoperatively during this interval were included. Retrospectively, patients were assigned to operative or nonoperative groups based on their electronic medical records. Volumetric mean T2 * values were calculated within regions of interest (progeny lesion, interface, parent bone) and region matched control bone in healthy contralateral knees and condyles. The normalized percentage difference of T2 * between baseline and follow up MRI in nonoperative patients significantly increased in progeny lesion (-47.8%, p < 0.001), parent bone (-13.9%, p < 0.001), and interface (-32.3%, p = 0.011), whereas the differences in operative patients were nonsignificant and below 11%. In nonoperative patients, the progeny lesion (p < 0.001) and interface T2 * values (p = 0.012) were significantly higher than control bone T2 * at baseline, but not at follow-up (p = 0.219, p = 1.000, respectively). In operative patients, the progeny lesion and interface T2 * values remained significantly elevated compared to the control bone both at baseline (p < 0.001, p < 0.001) and follow-up (p < 0.001, p < 0.001), respectively. Clinical Significance: Longitudinal T2 * mapping differentiated nonhealing from healing JOCD lesions following initial nonoperative treatment, which may assist in prognosis and improve the ability of surgeons to make recommendations regarding operative versus nonoperative treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Wahed Kajabi
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Štefan Zbýň
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Casey P. Johnson
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Marc A. Tompkins
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Bradley J. Nelson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Takashi Takahashi
- Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Shelly Marette
- Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Cathy S. Carlson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Jutta M. Ellermann
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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14
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Shah FA, Jolic M, Micheletti C, Omar O, Norlindh B, Emanuelsson L, Engqvist H, Engstrand T, Palmquist A, Thomsen P. Bone without borders - Monetite-based calcium phosphate guides bone formation beyond the skeletal envelope. Bioact Mater 2023; 19:103-114. [PMID: 35441115 PMCID: PMC9005875 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium phosphates (CaP) represent an important class of osteoconductive and osteoinductive biomaterials. As proof-of-concept, we show how a multi-component CaP formulation (monetite, beta-tricalcium phosphate, and calcium pyrophosphate) guides osteogenesis beyond the physiological envelope. In a sheep model, hollow dome-shaped constructs were placed directly over the occipital bone. At 12 months, large amounts of bone (∼75%) occupy the hollow space with strong evidence of ongoing remodelling. Features of both compact bone (osteonal/osteon-like arrangements) and spongy bone (trabeculae separated by marrow cavities) reveal insights into function/need-driven microstructural adaptation. Pores within the CaP also contain both woven bone and vascularised lamellar bone. Osteoclasts actively contribute to CaP degradation/removal. Of the constituent phases, only calcium pyrophosphate persists within osseous (cutting cones) and non-osseous (macrophages) sites. From a translational perspective, this multi-component CaP opens up exciting new avenues for osteotomy-free and minimally-invasive repair of large bone defects and augmentation of the dental alveolar ridge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furqan A. Shah
- Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martina Jolic
- Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Chiara Micheletti
- Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Omar Omar
- Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Norlindh
- Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lena Emanuelsson
- Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Håkan Engqvist
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Applied Materials Science Section, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Thomas Engstrand
- Department of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Palmquist
- Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Thomsen
- Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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15
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van Trikt CH, Donders JCE, Klinger CE, Wellman DS, Helfet DL, Kloen P. Operative treatment of nonunions in the elderly: Clinical and radiographic outcomes in patients at minimum 75 years of age. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:985. [PMID: 36539691 PMCID: PMC9764700 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03670-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited information exists on nonunion treatment in the elderly. This retrospective study evaluates whether results of operative treatment of nonunion of the humerus or femur in patients aged ≥ 75 years are comparable to those in younger patients. METHODS We identified patients age ≥ 75 years with a nonunion of humerus or femur treated with open reduction and internal fixation. The Non-Union Scoring System was calculated. Complications, clinical outcome, and radiographic findings were assessed. Primary endpoint was nonunion healing. A literature review compared time to healing of humeral and femoral nonunion in younger populations. RESULTS We identified 45 patients treated for a nonunion of humerus or femur with > 12 months follow-up. Median age was 79 years (range 75-96). Median time to presentation was 12 months (range 4-127) after injury, median number of prior surgeries was 1 (range 0-4). Union rate was 100%, with median time to union 6 months (range 2-42). Six patients underwent revision for persistent nonunion and healed without further complications. CONCLUSIONS Using a protocol of debridement, alignment, compression, stable fixation, bone grafting and early motion, patients aged 75 years or older can reliably achieve healing when faced with a nonunion of the humerus or femur. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinton H. van Trikt
- grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna C. E. Donders
- grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Craig E. Klinger
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XOrthopaedic Trauma Service, Hospital for Special Surgery and New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - David S. Wellman
- grid.260917.b0000 0001 0728 151XOrthopaedic Trauma Service, Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY USA
| | - David L. Helfet
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XOrthopaedic Trauma Service, Hospital for Special Surgery and New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Peter Kloen
- grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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16
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Mahapatra C, Kumar P, Paul MK, Kumar A. Angiogenic stimulation strategies in bone tissue regeneration. Tissue Cell 2022; 79:101908. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Baek S, Park H, Igci FD, Lee D. Electrical Stimulation of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on O2 Plasma-Treated ITO Glass Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012490. [PMID: 36293347 PMCID: PMC9604346 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrical signals represent an essential form of cellular communication. For decades, electrical stimulation has been used effectively in clinical practice to enhance bone healing. However, the detailed mechanisms between electrical stimulation and bone healing are not well understood. In addition, there have been many difficulties in setting up a stable and efficient electrical stimulation system within the in vitro environment. Therefore, various conductive materials and electrical stimulation methods have been tested to establish an effective electrical stimulation system. Through these systems, many studies have been conducted on the effects of electrical stimulation on bone healing and osteogenic differentiation. However, previous studies were limited by the use of opaque conductive materials that obscure the cells; fluorescent observations and staining are known to be two of the critical methods to confirm the states of the cells. Indium tin oxide (ITO) glass is known to have excellent transparency and conductivity, but it is challenging to cultivate cells due to low cell adhesion characteristics. Therefore, we used O2 plasma treatment to increase the hydrophilicity and wettability of ITO glass. This enhanced cell affinity to the glass, providing a stable surface for the cells to attach. Then, electrical stimulation was applied with an amplitude range of 10 to 200 µA at a frequency of 10 Hz. Our results demonstrated that the osteogenic differentiation efficiency was maximized under the amplitude conditions of 10 µA and 50 µA. Accordingly, the results of our study suggest the development of an excellent platform in the field of biological research as a good tool to elucidate various mechanisms of cell bioactivity under electrical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungho Baek
- PCL Inc., 128, Beobwon-ro, Songpa-gu, Seoul 08510, Korea
| | - Heekyung Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heukseok-Dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Fatma Dilara Igci
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heukseok-Dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Donghyun Lee
- PCL Inc., 128, Beobwon-ro, Songpa-gu, Seoul 08510, Korea
- Correspondence:
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18
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Bernhard JC, Marolt Presen D, Li M, Monforte X, Ferguson J, Leinfellner G, Heimel P, Betti SL, Shu S, Teuschl-Woller AH, Tangl S, Redl H, Vunjak-Novakovic G. Effects of Endochondral and Intramembranous Ossification Pathways on Bone Tissue Formation and Vascularization in Human Tissue-Engineered Grafts. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193070. [PMID: 36231032 PMCID: PMC9564153 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone grafts can be engineered by differentiating human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) via the endochondral and intramembranous ossification pathways. We evaluated the effects of each pathway on the properties of engineered bone grafts and their capacity to drive bone regeneration. Bone-marrow-derived MSCs were differentiated on silk scaffolds into either hypertrophic chondrocytes (hyper) or osteoblasts (osteo) over 5 weeks of in vitro cultivation, and were implanted subcutaneously for 12 weeks. The pathways' constructs were evaluated over time with respect to gene expression, composition, histomorphology, microstructure, vascularization and biomechanics. Hypertrophic chondrocytes expressed higher levels of osteogenic genes and deposited significantly more bone mineral and proteins than the osteoblasts. Before implantation, the mineral in the hyper group was less mature than that in the osteo group. Following 12 weeks of implantation, the hyper group had increased mineral density but a similar overall mineral composition compared with the osteo group. The hyper group also displayed significantly more blood vessel infiltration than the osteo group. Both groups contained M2 macrophages, indicating bone regeneration. These data suggest that, similar to the body's repair processes, endochondral pathway might be more advantageous when regenerating large defects, whereas intramembranous ossification could be utilized to guide the tissue formation pattern with a scaffold architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C. Bernhard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Darja Marolt Presen
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Xavier Monforte
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Life Science Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - James Ferguson
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriele Leinfellner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Heimel
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanna L. Betti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sharon Shu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Andreas H. Teuschl-Woller
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Life Science Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Tangl
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz Redl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: (H.R.); (G.V.-N.); Tel.: +43-(0)-59393-41961 (H.R.); +1-212-305-2304 (G.V.-N.); Fax: +43-(0)-59393-41982 (H.R.); +1-212-305-4692 (G.V.-N.)
| | - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Correspondence: (H.R.); (G.V.-N.); Tel.: +43-(0)-59393-41961 (H.R.); +1-212-305-2304 (G.V.-N.); Fax: +43-(0)-59393-41982 (H.R.); +1-212-305-4692 (G.V.-N.)
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19
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Atia GAN, Shalaby HK, Zehravi M, Ghobashy MM, Attia HAN, Ahmad Z, Khan FS, Dey A, Mukerjee N, Alexiou A, Rahman MH, Klepacka J, Najda A. Drug-Loaded Chitosan Scaffolds for Periodontal Tissue Regeneration. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:3192. [PMID: 35956708 PMCID: PMC9371089 DOI: 10.3390/polym14153192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is a natural anionic polysaccharide with a changeable architecture and an abundance of functional groups; in addition, it can be converted into various shapes and sizes, making it appropriate for a variety of applications. This article examined and summarized current developments in chitosan-based materials, with a focus on the modification of chitosan, and presented an abundance of information about the fabrication and use of chitosan-derived products in periodontal regeneration. Numerous preparation and modification techniques for enhancing chitosan performance, as well as the uses of chitosan and its metabolites, were reviewed critically and discussed in depth in this study. Chitosan-based products may be formed into different shapes and sizes, considering fibers, nanostructures, gels, membranes, and hydrogels. Various drug-loaded chitosan devices were discussed regarding periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal Abdel Nasser Atia
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, and Diagnosis, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia P.O. Box 41522, Egypt
| | - Hany K. Shalaby
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology and Oral Diagnosis, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez University, Suez P.O. Box 43512, Egypt
| | - Mehrukh Zehravi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Girls Section, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Mohamady Ghobashy
- Radiation Research of Polymer Chemistry Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo P.O. Box 13759, Egypt
| | - Hager Abdel Nasser Attia
- Department of Molecular Biology and Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria P.O. Box 21526, Egypt
| | - Zubair Ahmad
- Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Biology Department, College of Arts and Sciences, Dehran Al-Junub, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farhat S. Khan
- Biology Department, College of Arts and Sciences, Dehran Al-Junub, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata 700073, India
| | - Nobendu Mukerjee
- Department of Microbiology, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Khardaha 700118, India
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
| | - Md. Habibur Rahman
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Korea
| | - Joanna Klepacka
- Department of Commodity Science and Food Analysis, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 2, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Najda
- Department of Vegetable and Herbal Crops, University of Life Science in Lublin, Doświadczalna Street 51A, 20-280 Lublin, Poland
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20
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Chaiyasate K, Gupta R, John J, Chaiyasate S, Powers J, Nguyen A, Issa C, Hart J, Goldman JJ, Sachanandani NS. Utilization of a Chimeric Medial Femoral Condyle Free Flap for Mandibular Osteoradionecrosis. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2022; 10:e4489. [PMID: 36032378 PMCID: PMC9400941 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000004489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary options for oromandibular reconstruction with osteocutaneous free flaps are the vascularized fibula and iliac crest. Complications of mandible reconstruction are not uncommon and include osteomyelitis, malunion, and osteoradionecrosis (ORN) after radiation therapy. The medial femoral condyle (MFC) free flap is an established salvage option for carpal reconstruction in hand surgery, frequently used for scaphoid nonunion and avascular necrosis. We hypothesize that the MFC flap can be utilized to restore blood supply and reverse the negative effects of radiotherapy in patients who require mandibular reconstruction due to ORN. METHODS A retrospective chart review was conducted at Beaumont Health System, Royal Oak, for patients who underwent MFC free flap reconstruction for mandibular ORN between the years 2012 and 2018. Demographic data, operative details, complications, medical comorbidities, and patient outcomes were retrospectively gathered. RESULTS A total of four patients were isolated. Four patients developed ORN after resection of squamous cell carcinoma and adjuvant radiotherapy. No patients experienced donor site deficits. Revisions after MFC reconstruction were dependent on individual aesthetics and involvement of neighboring tissue. All four patients continue to be followed with no current issues to the osseous component of the MFC flap. CONCLUSION Utilization of the MFC periosteal flap is a viable option in selected patients to salvage nonunion/resorption of mandible reconstruction and ORN of the mandible. Our experience found that the MFC is able to provide pain resolution and healing of intraoral soft tissue defects, and may halt the progression of ORN of the mandible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kongkrit Chaiyasate
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, Beaumont Health Systems, Royal Oak, Mich
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, Mich
| | - Rohun Gupta
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, Mich
| | - Jithin John
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, Mich
| | - Sean Chaiyasate
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, Beaumont Health Systems, Royal Oak, Mich
| | - Jeremy Powers
- Department of Plastic Surgery, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tenn
| | - Alan Nguyen
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, Mich
| | - Christopher Issa
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, Mich
| | - Justin Hart
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, Beaumont Health Systems, Royal Oak, Mich
| | | | - Neil S. Sachanandani
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, Beaumont Health Systems, Royal Oak, Mich
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, Mich
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21
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Peng Z, Xu R, You Q. Role of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Bone Regeneration and Osteoporosis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:911326. [PMID: 35711635 PMCID: PMC9194098 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.911326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
According to World Health Organization (WHO), osteoporosis is a systematic bone disability marked by reduced bone mass and microarchitectural degeneration of osseous cells, which leads to increased bones feebleness and fractures vulnerability. It is a polygenetic, physiological bone deformity that frequently leads to osteoporotic fractures and raises the risk of fractures in minimal trauma. Additionally, the molecular changes that cause osteoporosis are linked to decreased fracture repair and delayed bone regeneration. Bones have the ability to regenerate as part of the healing mechanism after an accident or trauma, including musculoskeletal growth and ongoing remodeling throughout adulthood. The principal treatment approaches for bone loss illnesses, such as osteoporosis, are hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and bisphosphonates. In this review, we searched literature regarding the Traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) in osteoporosis and bone regeneration. The literature results are summarized in this review for osteoporosis and bone regeneration. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) have grown in popularity as a result of its success in curing ailments while causing minimal adverse effects. Natural Chinese medicine has already been utilized to cure various types of orthopedic illnesses, notably osteoporosis, bone fractures and rheumatism with great success. TCM is a discipline of conventional remedy that encompasses herbal medication, massage (tui na), acupuncture, food, and exercise (qigong) therapy. It is based on more than 2,500 years of Chinese healthcare profession. This article serves as a comprehensive review summarizing the osteoporosis, bone regeneration and the traditional Chinese medicines used since ancient times for the management of osteoporosis and bone regeneration.
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22
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Zhang N, Hu L, Cao Z, Liu X, Pan J. Periosteal Skeletal Stem Cells and Their Response to Bone Injury. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:812094. [PMID: 35399528 PMCID: PMC8987235 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.812094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone exhibits remarkable self-repair ability without fibrous scars. It is believed that the robust regenerative capacity comes from tissue-resident stem cells, such as skeletal stem cells (SSCs). Roughly, SSC has two niches: bone marrow (BM) and periosteum. BM-SSCs have been extensively studied for years. In contrast, our knowledge about periosteal SSCs (P-SSCs) is quite limited. There is abundant clinical evidence for the presence of stem cell populations within the periosteum. Researchers have even successfully cultured “stem-like” cells from the periosteum in vitro. However, due to the lack of effective markers, it is difficult to evaluate the stemness of real P-SSCs in vivo. Recently, several research teams have developed strategies for the successful identification of P-SSCs. For the first time, we can assess the stemness of P-SSCs from visual evidence. BM-SSCs and P-SSCs not only have much in common but also share distinct properties. Here, we provide an updated review of P-SSCs and their particular responses to bone injury.
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Periosteum and development of the tissue-engineered periosteum for guided bone regeneration. J Orthop Translat 2022; 33:41-54. [PMID: 35228996 PMCID: PMC8858911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Periosteum plays a significant role in bone formation and regeneration by storing progenitor cells, and also acts as a source of local growth factors and a scaffold for recruiting cells and other growth factors. Recently, tissue-engineered periosteum has been studied extensively and shown to be important for osteogenesis and chondrogenesis. Using biomimetic methods for artificial periosteum synthesis, membranous tissues with similar function and structure to native periosteum are produced that significantly improve the efficacy of bone grafting and scaffold engineering, and can serve as direct replacements for native periosteum. Many problems involving bone defects can be solved by preparation of idealized periosteum from materials with different properties using various techniques. Methods This review summarizes the significance of periosteum for osteogenesis and chondrogenesis from the aspects of periosteum tissue structure, osteogenesis performance, clinical application, and development of periosteum tissue engineering. The advantages and disadvantages of different tissue engineering methods are also summarized. Results The fast-developing field of periosteum tissue engineering is aimed toward synthesis of bionic periosteum that can ensure or accelerate the repair of bone defects. Artificial periosteum materials can be similar to natural periosteum in both structure and function, and have good therapeutic potential. Induction of periosteum tissue regeneration and bone regeneration by biomimetic periosteum is the ideal process for bone repair. Conclusions Periosteum is essential for bone formation and regeneration, and it is indispensable in bone repair. Achieving personalized structure and composition in the construction of tissue engineering periosteum is in accordance with the design concept of both universality and emphasis on individual differences and ensures the combination of commonness and individuality, which are expected to meet the clinical needs of bone repair more effectively. The translational potential of this article To better understand the role of periosteum in bone repair, clarify the present research situation of periosteum and tissue engineering periosteum, and determine the development and optimization direction of tissue engineering periosteum in the future. It is hoped that periosteum tissue engineering will play a greater role in meeting the clinical needs of bone repair in the future, and makes it possible to achieve optimization of bone tissue therapy.
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Ma C, Liu H, Wei Y, Li H, Miao D, Ren Y. Exogenous PTH 1-34 Attenuates Impaired Fracture Healing in Endogenous PTH Deficiency Mice via Activating Indian Hedgehog Signaling Pathway and Accelerating Endochondral Ossification. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:750878. [PMID: 35071224 PMCID: PMC8766796 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.750878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fracture healing is a complicated, long-term, and multistage repair process. Intermittent administration of parathyroid hormone (PTH) has been proven effective on intramembranous and endochondral bone formation during the fracture healing process, however, the mechanism is unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of exogenous PTH and endogenous PTH deficiency in bone fracture healing and explored the mechanism by using PTH knockout (PTH-/-) mice and ATDC5 cells. In a mouse femur fracture model, endogenous PTH deficiency could delay endochondral ossification whereas exogenous PTH promotes accumulation of endochondral bone, accelerates cartilaginous callus conversion to bony callus, enhances maturity of bony callus, and attenuates impaired fracture healing resulting from endogenous PTH deficiency. In fracture callus tissue, endogenous PTH deficiency could inhibit chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation whereas exogenous PTH could activate the IHH signaling pathway to accelerate endochondral ossification and rescue impaired fracture healing resulting from endogenous PTH deficiency. In vitro, exogenous PTH promotes cell proliferation by activating IHH signaling pathway on ATDC5 cells. In mechanistic studies, by using ChIP and luciferase reporter assays, we showed that PTH could phosphorylate CREB, and subsequently bind to the promoter of IHH, causing the activation of IHH gene expression. Therefore, results from this study support the concept that exogenous PTH 1-34 attenuates impaired fracture healing in endogenous PTH deficiency mice via activating the IHH pathway and accelerating endochondral ossification. Hence, the investigation of the mechanism underlying the effects of PTH treatment on fracture repair might guide the exploration of effective therapeutic targets for fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Yifan Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - He Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dengshun Miao
- Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Friendship Plastic Surgery Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongxin Ren
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Kirankumar S, Gurusamy N, Rajasingh S, Sigamani V, Vasanthan J, Perales SG, Rajasingh J. Modern approaches on stem cells and scaffolding technology for osteogenic differentiation and regeneration. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 247:433-445. [PMID: 34648374 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211052927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of bone repair has always been a natural mystery. Although bones do repair themselves, supplemental treatment is required for the initiation of the self-regeneration process. Predominantly, surgical procedures are employed for bone regeneration. Recently, cell-based therapy for bone regeneration has proven to be more effective than traditional methods, as it eliminates the immune risk and painful surgeries. In clinical trials, various stem cells, especially mesenchymal stem cells, have shown to be more efficient for the treatment of several bone-related diseases, such as non-union fracture, osteogenesis imperfecta, osteosarcoma, and osteoporosis. Furthermore, the stem cells grown in a suitable three-dimensional scaffold support were found to be more efficient for osteogenesis. It has been shown that the three-dimensional bioscaffolds support and simulate an in vivo environment, which helps in differentiation of stem cells into bone cells. Bone regeneration in patients with bone disorders can be improved through modification of stem cells with several osteogenic factors or using stem cells as carriers for osteogenic factors. In this review, we focused on the various types of stem cells and scaffolds that are being used for bone regeneration. In addition, the molecular mechanisms of various transcription factors, signaling pathways that support bone regeneration and the senescence of the stem cells, which limits bone regeneration, have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivaani Kirankumar
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.,Department of Genetic Engineering, 93104SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 603203, India
| | - Narasimman Gurusamy
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Sheeja Rajasingh
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Vinoth Sigamani
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Jayavardini Vasanthan
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.,Department of Genetic Engineering, 93104SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 603203, India
| | - Selene G Perales
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Johnson Rajasingh
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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Redenski I, Guo S, Machour M, Szklanny A, Landau S, Kaplan B, Lock RI, Gabet Y, Egozi D, Vunjak‐Novakovic G, Levenberg S. Engineered Vascularized Flaps, Composed of Polymeric Soft Tissue and Live Bone, Repair Complex Tibial Defects. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2021; 31:2008687. [DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202008687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Idan Redenski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Technion—Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Shaowei Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Technion—Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
- The First Affiliated Hospital Shantou University Medical College Shantou 515000 China
| | - Majd Machour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Technion—Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Ariel Szklanny
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Technion—Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Shira Landau
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Technion—Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Ben Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Technion—Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Roberta I. Lock
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Columbia University New York NY 10032 USA
| | - Yankel Gabet
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel‐Aviv University Tel‐Aviv 6997801 Israel
| | - Dana Egozi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Kaplan Hospital Rehovot and the Hebrew University Jerusalem 7661041 Israel
| | | | - Shulamit Levenberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Technion—Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
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27
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Czarkwiani A, Dylus DV, Carballo L, Oliveri P. FGF signalling plays similar roles in development and regeneration of the skeleton in the brittle star Amphiura filiformis. Development 2021; 148:dev180760. [PMID: 34042967 PMCID: PMC8180256 DOI: 10.1242/dev.180760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration as an adult developmental process is in many aspects similar to embryonic development. Although many studies point out similarities and differences, no large-scale, direct and functional comparative analyses between development and regeneration of a specific cell type or structure in one animal exist. Here, we use the brittle star Amphiura filiformis to characterise the role of the FGF signalling pathway during skeletal development in embryos and arm regeneration. In both processes, we find ligands expressed in ectodermal cells that flank underlying skeletal mesenchymal cells, which express the receptors. Perturbation of FGF signalling showed inhibited skeleton formation in both embryogenesis and regeneration, without affecting other key developmental processes. Differential transcriptome analysis finds mostly differentiation genes rather than transcription factors to be downregulated in both contexts. Moreover, comparative gene analysis allowed us to discover brittle star-specific differentiation genes. In conclusion, our results show that the FGF pathway is crucial for skeletogenesis in the brittle star, as in other deuterostomes, and provide evidence for the re-deployment of a developmental gene regulatory module during regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Czarkwiani
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - David V. Dylus
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Centre for Mathematics, Physics and Engineering in the Life Sciences and Experimental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Luisana Carballo
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Paola Oliveri
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Centre for Life's Origin and Evolution (CLOE), University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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28
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Antonyan L, Martineau C, St-Arnaud R. The ER protein TLC domain 3B2 and its enzymatic product lactosylceramide enhance chondrocyte maturation. Connect Tissue Res 2021; 62:176-182. [PMID: 31462087 PMCID: PMC7047581 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2019.1657425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose/Aim of study: We previously cloned Tlcd3b2 (Tram-Lag1-CLN8 domain 3B2, formerly Fam57b2) from bone fracture repair callus tissue of Cyp24a1 knockout mice and showed that it synthesizes lactosylceramide (LacCer) under allosteric control of the vitamin D metabolite, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [24,25(OH)2D3]. Tlcd3b2 was mainly detected in chondrocytes and the 24,25(OH)2D3-TLCD3B2-LacCer signaling cascade was shown to be important for optimal bone fracture repair, suggesting a role for TLCD3B2 in chondrocyte differentiation or maturation. We report the subcellular localization of TLCD3B2 and its effect on chondrocyte differentiation. Materials and Methods: Immunofluorescence detection of epitope-tagged mutants was used to assess localization. ATDC5 chondrogenic cells were transfected with Tlcd3b2 expression vectors to examine effects on chondrocyte differentiation. Results and Conclusions: TLCD3B2 localized to the endoplasmic reticulum, with both the N- and C-termini facing the cytosolic compartment. Chondrogenic ATDC5 cells stably overexpressing Tlcd3b2 showed elevated type 2 (Col2a1) and type 10 (Col10a1) collagen gene expression and increased proteoglycan synthesis, and the effect on Col2a1 was enhanced by treatment with 24,25(OH)2D3. LacCer treatment of ATDC5 cells potentiated Col10a1 expression. Our results show that TLCD3B2 is an ER protein and implicate its expression and enzymatic product in chondrocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilit Antonyan
- Research Centre, Shriners Hospital for Children - Canada, Montreal (Quebec) Canada H4A 0A9,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, (Quebec) Canada H3A 2T5
| | - Corine Martineau
- Research Centre, Shriners Hospital for Children - Canada, Montreal (Quebec) Canada H4A 0A9
| | - René St-Arnaud
- Research Centre, Shriners Hospital for Children - Canada, Montreal (Quebec) Canada H4A 0A9,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, (Quebec) Canada H3A 2T5,Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, (Quebec) Canada H3A 2T5,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, (Quebec) Canada H3A 2T5,Address Correspondence to: René St-Arnaud, Research Centre, Shriners Hospital for Children – Canada, 1003 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal (Quebec) Canada H4A 0A9, (514) 282-7155,
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29
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Kim J, Lee G, Chang WS, Ki SH, Park JC. Comparison and Contrast of Bone and Dentin in Genetic Disorder, Morphology and Regeneration: A Review. J Bone Metab 2021; 28:1-10. [PMID: 33730779 PMCID: PMC7973397 DOI: 10.11005/jbm.2021.28.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The bone and dentin have distinct healing processes. The healing process of bones is regenerative, as newly formed tissues are morphologically and functionally similar to the original bone structures. In contrast, the healing process of dentin is reparative due to its failure to replicate some of its key morphological features. In this review, we compare and contrast the healing processes of bone and dentin. We describe how distinct morphological and physiological structures of the 2 tissues translate into different signaling molecules, growth factors, and matrix protein secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyun Kim
- College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Gayeong Lee
- College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Woo Sung Chang
- College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Si Hyoung Ki
- Laboratory for the Study of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Histology-Developmental Biology & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo-Cheol Park
- Laboratory for the Study of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Histology-Developmental Biology & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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30
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Zhao YZ, Chen R, Xue PP, Luo LZ, Zhong B, Tong MQ, Chen B, Yao Q, Yuan JD, Xu HL. Magnetic PLGA microspheres loaded with SPIONs promoted the reconstruction of bone defects through regulating the bone mesenchymal stem cells under an external magnetic field. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 122:111877. [PMID: 33641893 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.111877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have been presented to regulate the migration and osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) under magnetic field (MF). However, the toxicity and short residence for the massively exposed SPIONs at bone defects compromises their practical application. Herein, SPIONs were encapsulated into PLGA microspheres to overcome these shortcomings. Three types of PLGA microspheres (PFe-I, PFe-II and PFe-III) were prepared by adjusting the feeding amount of SPIONs, in which the practical SPIONs loading amounts was 1.83%, 1.38% and 1.16%, respectively. The average diameter of the fabricated microspheres ranged from 160 μm to 200 μm, having the porous and rough surfaces displayed by SEM. Moreover, they displayed the magnetic property with a saturation magnetization of 0.16 emu/g. In vitro cell studies showed that most of BMSCs were adhered on the surface of PFe-II microspheres after 2 days of co-culture. Moreover, the osteoblasts differentiation of BMSCs was significantly promoted by PFe-II microspheres after 2 weeks of co-culture, as shown by detecting osteogenesis-related proteins expressions of ALP, COLI, OPN and OCN. Afterward, PFe-II microspheres were surgically implanted into the defect zone of rat femoral bone, followed by exposure to an external MF, to evaluate their bone repairing effect in vivo. At 6th week after treatment with PFe-II + MF, the bone mineral density (BMD, 263.97 ± 25.99 mg/cm3), trabecular thickness (TB.TH, 0.58 ± 0.08 mm), and bone tissue volume/total tissue volume (BV/TV, 78.28 ± 5.01%) at the defect zone were markedly higher than that of the PFe-II microspheres alone (BMD, 194.34 ± 26.71 mg/cm3; TB.TH, 0.41 ± 0.07 mm; BV/TV, 50.49 ± 6.41%). Moreover, the higher expressions of ALP, COLI, OPN and OCN in PFe-II + MF group were displayed in the repairing bone. Collectively, magnetic PLGA microspheres together with MF may be a promising strategy for repairing bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Zheng Zhao
- Department of Ultrasonography, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325000, China; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325035, China.
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325035, China
| | - Peng-Peng Xue
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325035, China
| | - Lan-Zi Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325035, China
| | - Bin Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Meng-Qi Tong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325035, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Ultrasonography, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325000, China
| | - Qing Yao
- Department of Ultrasonography, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325000, China
| | - Jian-Dong Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - He-Lin Xu
- Department of Ultrasonography, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325000, China; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325035, China.
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31
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TGF-β Activity of a Demineralized Bone Matrix. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020664. [PMID: 33440877 PMCID: PMC7827646 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Allografts consisting of demineralized bone matrix (DBM) are supposed to retain the growth factors of native bone. However, it is not clear if transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is maintained in the acid-extracted human bone. To this aim, the aqueous solutions of supernatants and acid lysates of OraGRAFT® Demineralized Cortical Particulate and OraGRAFT® Prime were prepared. Exposing fibroblasts to the aqueous solution caused a TGF-β receptor type I kinase-inhibitor SB431542-dependent increase in interleukin 11 (IL11), NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), and proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) expression. Interleukin 11 expression and the presence of TGF-β1 in the aqueous solutions were confirmed by immunoassay. Immunofluorescence further confirmed the nuclear translocation of Smad2/3 when fibroblasts were exposed to the aqueous solutions of both allografts. Moreover, allografts released matrix metalloprotease-2 activity and blocking proteases diminished the cellular TGF-β response to the supernatant. These results suggest that TGF-β is preserved upon the processing of OraGRAFT® and released by proteolytic activity into the aqueous solution.
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32
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Morgan EF, Giacomo AD, Gerstenfeld LC. Overview of Skeletal Repair (Fracture Healing and Its Assessment). Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2230:17-37. [PMID: 33197006 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1028-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The study of postnatal skeletal repair is of immense clinical interest. Optimal repair of skeletal tissue is necessary in all varieties of elective and reparative orthopedic surgical treatments. However, the repair of fractures is unique in this context in that fractures are one of the most common traumas that humans experience and are the end-point manifestation of osteoporosis, the most common chronic disease of aging. In the first part of this introduction the basic biology of fracture healing is presented. The second part discusses the primary methodological approaches that are used to examine repair of skeletal hard tissue and specific considerations for choosing among and implementing these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise F Morgan
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anthony De Giacomo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Woodland Hills Medical Center, Woodland Hills, CA, USA
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Louis C Gerstenfeld
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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Abstract
The most common procedure that has been developed for use in rats and mice to model fracture healing is described. The nature of the regenerative processes that may be assessed and the types of research questions that may be addressed with this model are briefly outlined. The detailed surgical protocol to generate closed simple transverse fractures is presented and general considerations when setting up an experiment using this model are described.
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Yamakawa D, Kawase-Koga Y, Fujii Y, Kanno Y, Sato M, Ohba S, Kitaura Y, Kashiwagi M, Chikazu D. Effects of Helioxanthin Derivative-Treated Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells on Fracture Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9158. [PMID: 33271795 PMCID: PMC7730800 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone defects affect patients functionally and psychologically and can decrease quality of life. To resolve these problems, a simple and efficient method of bone regeneration is required. Human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have high proliferative ability and multilineage differentiation potential. In our previous study, we reported a highly efficient method to induce osteogenic differentiation using DPSC sheets treated with a helioxanthin derivative (4-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrido[40,30:4,5]thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxamide (TH)) in a mouse calvarial defect model. However, the localization of the DPSCs after transplantation remains unknown. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the localization of transplanted DPSCs in a mouse fracture model. DPSCs were collected from six healthy patients aged 18-29 years, cultured in normal medium (NM), osteogenic medium (OM), or OM with TH, and fabricated them into cell sheets. To evaluate the efficacy of fracture healing using DPSCs treated with OM+TH, and to clarify the localization of the transplanted DPSC sheets in vivo, we transplanted OM+TH-treated DPSC sheets labeled with PKH26 into mouse tibiae fractures. We demonstrated that transplanted OM+TH-treated DPSCs sheets were localized to the fracture site and facilitated bone formation. These results indicated that transplanted OM+TH-treated DPSCs were localized at fracture sites and directly promoted fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Yamakawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan; (D.Y.); (Y.F.); (Y.K.); (M.S.); (D.C.)
| | - Yoko Kawase-Koga
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan; (D.Y.); (Y.F.); (Y.K.); (M.S.); (D.C.)
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Fujii
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan; (D.Y.); (Y.F.); (Y.K.); (M.S.); (D.C.)
| | - Yuki Kanno
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan; (D.Y.); (Y.F.); (Y.K.); (M.S.); (D.C.)
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Marika Sato
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan; (D.Y.); (Y.F.); (Y.K.); (M.S.); (D.C.)
| | - Shinsuke Ohba
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan;
| | - Yoshiaki Kitaura
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engneering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongou, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;
| | - Miki Kashiwagi
- Department of Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery and Orthodontics, University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongou, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;
| | - Daichi Chikazu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan; (D.Y.); (Y.F.); (Y.K.); (M.S.); (D.C.)
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Damerau A, Gaber T, Ohrndorf S, Hoff P. JAK/STAT Activation: A General Mechanism for Bone Development, Homeostasis, and Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9004. [PMID: 33256266 PMCID: PMC7729940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Janus kinase (JAK) signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway serves as an important downstream mediator for a variety of cytokines, hormones, and growth factors. Emerging evidence suggests JAK/STAT signaling pathway plays an important role in bone development, metabolism, and healing. In this light, pro-inflammatory cytokines are now clearly implicated in these processes as they can perturb normal bone remodeling through their action on osteoclasts and osteoblasts at both intra- and extra-articular skeletal sites. Here, we summarize the role of JAK/STAT pathway on development, homeostasis, and regeneration based on skeletal phenotype of individual JAK and STAT gene knockout models and selective inhibition of components of the JAK/STAT signaling including influences of JAK inhibition in osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and osteocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Damerau
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (A.D.); (S.O.); (P.H.)
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Timo Gaber
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (A.D.); (S.O.); (P.H.)
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Ohrndorf
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (A.D.); (S.O.); (P.H.)
| | - Paula Hoff
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (A.D.); (S.O.); (P.H.)
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Endokrinologikum Berlin am Gendarmenmarkt, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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36
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Sun J, Feng H, Xing W, Han Y, Suo J, Yallowitz AR, Qian N, Shi Y, Greenblatt MB, Zou W. Histone demethylase LSD1 is critical for endochondral ossification during bone fracture healing. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/45/eaaz1410. [PMID: 33148658 PMCID: PMC7673679 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz1410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bone fracture is repaired predominantly through endochondral ossification. However, the regulation of endochondral ossification by key factors during fracture healing remains largely enigmatic. Here, we identify histone modification enzyme LSD1 as a critical factor regulating endochondral ossification during bone regeneration. Loss of LSD1 in Prx1 lineage cells severely impaired bone fracture healing. Mechanistically, LSD1 tightly controls retinoic acid signaling through regulation of Aldh1a2 expression level. The increased retinoic acid signaling in LSD1-deficient mice suppressed SOX9 expression and impeded the cartilaginous callus formation during fracture repair. The discovery that LSD1 can regulate endochondral ossification during fracture healing will benefit the understanding of bone regeneration and have implications for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Heng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wenhui Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yujiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jinlong Suo
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Alisha R Yallowitz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Niandong Qian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yujiang Shi
- Newborn Medicine Division, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matthew B Greenblatt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Weiguo Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
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Teotia AK, Dienel K, Qayoom I, van Bochove B, Gupta S, Partanen J, Seppälä J, Kumar A. Improved Bone Regeneration in Rabbit Bone Defects Using 3D Printed Composite Scaffolds Functionalized with Osteoinductive Factors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:48340-48356. [PMID: 32993288 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c13851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Large critical size bone defects are complicated to treat, and in many cases, autografts become a challenge due to size and availability. In such situations, a synthetic bone implant that can be patient-specifically designed and fabricated with control over parameters such as porosity, rigidity, and osteogenic cues can act as a potential synthetic bone substitute. In this study, we produced photocuring composite resins with poly(trimethylene carbonate) containing high ratios of bioactive ceramics and printed porous 3D composite scaffolds to be used as bone grafts. To enhance the overall surface area available for cell infiltration, the scaffolds were also filled with a macroporous cryogel. Furthermore, the scaffolds were functionalized with osteoactive factors: bone morphogenetic protein and zoledronic acid. The scaffolds were evaluated in vitro for biocompatibility and for functionality in vivo in critical bone defects (∼8 mm) in two clinically relevant rabbit models. These studies included a smaller study in rabbit tibia and a larger study in the rabbit cranium. It was observed that the bioactive molecule-functionalized 3D printed porous composite scaffolds provide an excellent conductive surface inducing higher bone formation and improved defect healing in both critical size long bones and cranial defects. Our findings provide strong evidence in favor of these composites as next generation synthetic bone substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar Teotia
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Kasper Dienel
- Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland
| | - Irfan Qayoom
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Bas van Bochove
- Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland
| | - Sneha Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Jouni Partanen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland
| | - Jukka Seppälä
- Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
- Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland
- Centre for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Centre for Nanosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Huang S, Jin M, Su N, Chen L. New insights on the reparative cells in bone regeneration and repair. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 96:357-375. [PMID: 33051970 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bone possesses a remarkable repair capacity to regenerate completely without scar tissue formation. This unique characteristic, expressed during bone development, maintenance and injury (fracture) healing, is performed by the reparative cells including skeletal stem cells (SSCs) and their descendants. However, the identity and functional roles of SSCs remain controversial due to technological difficulties and the heterogeneity and plasticity of SSCs. Moreover, for many years, there has been a biased view that bone marrow is the main cell source for bone repair. Together, these limitations have greatly hampered our understanding of these important cell populations and their potential applications in the treatment of fractures and skeletal diseases. Here, we reanalyse and summarize current understanding of the reparative cells in bone regeneration and repair and outline recent progress in this area, with a particular emphasis on the temporal and spatial process of fracture healing, the sources of reparative cells, an updated definition of SSCs, and markers of skeletal stem/progenitor cells contributing to the repair of craniofacial and long bones, as well as the debate between SSCs and pericytes. Finally, we also discuss the existing problems, emerging novel technologies and future research directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Huang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang zhi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Jin
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang zhi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Nan Su
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang zhi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang zhi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
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Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata promotes bone fracture healing through activation of TGF-β signaling in mesenchymal progenitors. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110581. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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He Y, Lin S, Ao Q, He X. The co-culture of ASCs and EPCs promotes vascularized bone regeneration in critical-sized bone defects of cranial bone in rats. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:338. [PMID: 32746906 PMCID: PMC7398348 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01858-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The repair of critical-sized bone defect represents a challenging problem in bone tissue engineering. To address the most important problem in bone defect repair, namely insufficient blood supply, this study aimed to find a method that can promote the formation of vascularized bone tissue. Method The phenotypes of ASCs and EPCs were identified respectively, and ASCs/EPCs were co-cultured in vitro to detect the expression of osteogenic and angiogenic genes. Furthermore, the co-culture system combined with scaffold material was used to repair the critical-sized bone defects of the cranial bone in rats. Results The co-culture of ASCs/EPCs could increase osteogenesis and angiogenesis-related gene expression in vitro. The results of in vivo animal experiments demonstrated that the ASC/EPC group could promote bone regeneration and vascularization in the meantime and then significantly accelerate the repair of critical-sized bone defects. Conclusion It is feasible to replace traditional single seed cells with ASC/EPC co-culture system for vascularized bone regeneration. This system could ultimately enable clinicians to better repair the defect of craniofacial bone and avoid donor site morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjia He
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuang Lin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qiang Ao
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Fundamental Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoning He
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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Xiao D, Zhou Q, Bai Y, Cao B, Zhang Q, Zeng G, Zong S. Deficiency of PDK1 in osteoclasts delays fracture healing and repair. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:1536-1546. [PMID: 32626968 PMCID: PMC7339621 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone fractures are common traumatic injuries of the musculoskeletal system. However, delayed union and non‑union fractures are a major clinical problem that present significant socioeconomic burden to patients and the public health sector. The bone‑resorbing osteoclasts and bone‑forming osteoblasts serve important roles in the fracture repair/healing process. Osteoclast deficiency or decreased osteoblast activity negatively impacts fracture healing. We previously demonstrated that the specific deletion of the serine/threonine kinase 3‑phosphoinositide‑dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1) in osteoclasts leads to abrogated osteoclast formation and bone resorption in response to receptor activator of nuclear factor‑κB in vitro and protected mice against ovariectomized‑induced bone loss and lipopolysaccharide‑induced osteolysis in vivo. Given the importance of osteoclasts in fracture repair, we hypothesized that the specific loss of PDK1 in osteoclasts will alter the fracture healing process. Mice of tibial fracture were constructed, and tibial specimens were sampled at 7‑, 14‑, 21‑ and 28‑days post‑fracture to observe the effect of PDK1 gene regulated osteoclasts on fracture healing process by X‑ray radiography, microcomputed tomography scanning, histomorphological staining and biomechanical testing. The present study revealed, using the tibial fracture model, that the specific deletion of the PDK1 gene in osteoclasts impeded the fracture healing process by delaying the resorption of the cartilaginous callus and subsequent remodeling of immature woven bone to structurally and mechanically ensure lamellar bone is stronger. No effect on osteoblast bone formation and osteogenesis was observed, thus indicating that delayed fracture healing is primarily due to defective osteoclast activity. These results provide important clinical implications for the use of anti‑resorptive agents, such as bisphosphonates, for the treatment of osteolytic conditions. Such anti‑resorptive therapies may detrimentally delay fracture healing and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Xiao
- Department of Spine Osteopathia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Guangxi Biological Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
- Department of Emergency, The Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157001, P.R. China
| | - Yiguang Bai
- Department of Spine Osteopathia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Baichuan Cao
- Department of Spine Osteopathia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- College of Public Hygiene, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Gaofeng Zeng
- College of Public Hygiene, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Shaohui Zong
- Department of Spine Osteopathia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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Abstract
The skeleton is highly vascularized due to the various roles blood vessels play in the homeostasis of bone and marrow. For example, blood vessels provide nutrients, remove metabolic by-products, deliver systemic hormones, and circulate precursor cells to bone and marrow. In addition to these roles, bone blood vessels participate in a variety of other functions. This article provides an overview of the afferent, exchange and efferent vessels in bone and marrow and presents the morphological layout of these blood vessels regarding blood flow dynamics. In addition, this article discusses how bone blood vessels participate in bone development, maintenance, and repair. Further, mechanical loading-induced bone adaptation is presented regarding interstitial fluid flow and pressure, as regulated by the vascular system. The role of the sympathetic nervous system is discussed in relation to blood vessels and bone. Finally, vascular participation in bone accrual with intermittent parathyroid hormone administration, a medication prescribed to combat age-related bone loss, is described and age- and disease-related impairments in blood vessels are discussed in relation to bone and marrow dysfunction. © 2020 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 10:1009-1046, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda D Prisby
- Bone Vascular and Microcirculation Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
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43
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Xue PP, Yuan JD, Yao Q, Zhao YZ, Xu HL. Bioactive Factors-imprinted Scaffold Vehicles for Promoting Bone Healing: The Potential Strategies and the Confronted Challenges for Clinical Production. BIO INTEGRATION 2020. [DOI: 10.15212/bioi-2020-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Wound repair of bone is a complicated multistep process orchestrated by inflammation, angiogenesis, callus formation, and bone remodeling. Many bioactive factors (BFs) including cytokine and growth factors (GFs) have previously been reported to be involved in regulating
wound healing of bone and some exogenous BFs such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) were proven to be helpful for improving bone healing. In this regard, the BFs reported for boosting bone repair were initially categorized according to their regulatory mechanisms. Thereafter, the challenges
including short half-life, poor stability, and rapid enzyme degradation and deactivation for these exogenous BFs in bone healing are carefully outlined in this review. For these issues, BFs-imprinted scaffold vehicles have recently been reported to promote the stability of BFs and enhance
their half-life in vivo. This review is focused on the incorporation of BFs into the modulated biomaterials with various forms of bone tissue engineering applications: firstly, rigid bone graft substitutes (BGSs) were used to imprint BFs for large scale bone defect repair; secondly,
the soft sponge-like scaffold carrying BFs is discussed as filling materials for the cavity of bone defects; thirdly, various injectable vehicles including hydrogel, nanoparticles, and microspheres for the delivery of BFs were also introduced for irregular bone fracture repair. Meanwhile,
the challenges for BFs-imprinted scaffold vehicles are also analyzed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Peng Xue
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325035, China
| | - Jian-dong Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325035, China
| | - Ying-Zheng Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325035, China
| | - He-Lin Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325035, China
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Ying J, Xu T, Wang C, Jin H, Tong P, Guan J, Abu-Amer Y, O’Keefe R, Shen J. Dnmt3b ablation impairs fracture repair through upregulation of Notch pathway. JCI Insight 2020; 5:131816. [PMID: 32051335 PMCID: PMC7098799 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.131816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously established that DNA methyltransferase 3b (Dnmt3b) is the sole Dnmt responsive to fracture repair and that Dnmt3b expression is induced in progenitor cells during fracture repair. In the current study, we confirmed that Dnmt3b ablation in mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) resulted in impaired endochondral ossification, delayed fracture repair, and reduced mechanical strength of the newly formed bone in Prx1-Cre;Dnmt3bf/f (Dnmt3bPrx1) mice. Mechanistically, deletion of Dnmt3b in MPCs led to reduced chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation in vitro. We further identified Rbpjκ as a downstream target of Dnmt3b in MPCs. In fact, we located 2 Dnmt3b binding sites in the murine proximal Rbpjκ promoter and gene body and confirmed Dnmt3b interaction with the 2 binding sites by ChIP assays. Luciferase assays showed functional utilization of the Dnmt3b binding sites in murine C3H10T1/2 cells. Importantly, we showed that the MPC differentiation defect observed in Dnmt3b deficiency cells was due to the upregulation of Rbpjκ, evident by restored MPC differentiation upon Rbpjκ inhibition. Consistent with in vitro findings, Rbpjκ blockage via dual antiplatelet therapy reversed the differentiation defect and accelerated fracture repair in Dnmt3bPrx1 mice. Collectively, our data suggest that Dnmt3b suppresses Notch signaling during MPC differentiation and is necessary for normal fracture repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ying
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Taotao Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cuicui Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Hongting Jin
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peijian Tong
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Guan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yousef Abu-Amer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Shriners Hospital for Children, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Regis O’Keefe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Bai M, Cai L, Li X, Ye L, Xie J. Stiffness and topography of biomaterials dictate cell-matrix interaction in musculoskeletal cells at the bio-interface: A concise progress review. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 108:2426-2440. [PMID: 32027091 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mutually interacted musculoskeletal tissues work together within the physiological environment full of varieties of external stimulus. Consistent with the locomotive function of the tissues, musculoskeletal cells are remarkably mechanosensitive to the physical cues. Signals like extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness, topography, and geometry can be sensed and transduced into intracellular signaling cascades to trigger a series of cell responses, including cell adhesion, cell phenotype maintenance, cytoskeletal reconstruction, and stem cell differentiation (Du et al., 2011; Murphy et al., 2014; Lv et al., 2015; Kim et al., 2016; Kumar et al., 2017). With the development of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, the potent effects of ECM physical properties on cell behaviors at the cell-matrix interface are drawing much attention. To mimic the interaction between cell and its ECM physical properties, developing advanced biomaterials with desired characteristics which could achieve the biointerface between cells and the surrounded matrix close to the physiological conditions becomes a great hotspot. In this review, based on the current publications in the field of biointerfaces, we systematically summarized the significant roles of stiffness and topography on musculoskeletal cell behaviors. We hope to shed light on the importance of physical cues in musculoskeletal tissue engineering and provide up to date strategies towards the natural or artificial replication of physiological microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingru Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linyi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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46
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Rao M, Awasthi M. A review on interventions to prevent osteoporosis and improve fracture healing in osteoporotic patients. AIMS MEDICAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.3934/medsci.2020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Wang D, Gilbert JR, Zhang X, Zhao B, Ker DFE, Cooper GM. Calvarial Versus Long Bone: Implications for Tailoring Skeletal Tissue Engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2019; 26:46-63. [PMID: 31588853 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2018.0353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-engineered graft substitutes have shown great potential to treat large bone defects. While we usually assume that therapeutic approaches developed for appendicular bone healing could be similarly translated for application in craniofacial reconstruction and vice versa, this is not necessarily accurate. In addition to those more well-known healing-associated factors, such as age, lifestyle (e.g., nutrition and smoking), preexisting disease (e.g., diabetes), medication, and poor blood supply, the developmental origins and surrounding tissue of the wound sites can largely affect the fracture healing outcome as well as designed treatments. Therefore, the strategies developed for long bone fracture repair might not be suitable or directly applicable to skull bone repair. In this review, we discuss aspects of development, healing process, structure, and tissue engineering considerations between calvarial and long bones to assist in designing the tailored bone repair strategies. Impact Statement We summarized, in this review, the existing body of knowledge between long bone and calvarial bone with regard to their development and healing, tissue structure, and consideration of current tissue engineering strategies. By highlighting their similarities and differences, we propose that tailored tissue engineering strategies, such as scaffold features, growth factor usage, and the source of cells for tissue or region-specific bone repair, are necessary to ensure an optimized healing outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - James R Gilbert
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Xu Zhang
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bingkun Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dai Fei Elmer Ker
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gregory M Cooper
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Zhao C, Yu T, Dou Q, Guo Y, Yang X, Chen Y. Knockout of TLR4 promotes fracture healing by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 216:152766. [PMID: 31796334 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.152766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) on fracture healing. METHODS The open tibial fracture models in TLR4 knockout (TLR4-/-) and wild type (WT) C57BL-6 J mice were established. The radiological examination, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, Micro-CT scan and biological torsion test were performed on 7, 14 and 21 days after operation. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kit was used to detect the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Western blotting was used to detect the expression of β-catenin, Wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 4 and 5B (Wnt4 and Wnt5B), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) of the callus tissue obtained from mice. RESULTS TLR4 knockout promoted fracture healing, reduced the number of osteoclasts, increased bone callus volume (BV) and callus mineralized volume fraction (BV/TV%) (P < 0.05), increased the maximum torque and torsional stiffness of callus (P < 0.05), reduced TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 expression (P < 0.01), and increased the expression levels of β-catenin, Wnt4, Wnt5B, PCNA and BMP-2 (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION TLR4 knockout reduced inflammatory and promoted fracture healing by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunju Zhao
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Qilu Hospital of ShanDong University, No. 107, Cultural West Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province, 250012, China; Department Of Orthopedics, Liaocheng People's Hospital, No. 67, Dongchang West Road, Liaocheng City, Shandong Province, 252000, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Qilu Hospital of ShanDong University, No. 107, Cultural West Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province, 250012, China; Department Of Orthopedics, Liaocheng People's Hospital, No. 67, Dongchang West Road, Liaocheng City, Shandong Province, 252000, China
| | - Qingjun Dou
- Department Of Orthopedics, Liaocheng People's Hospital, No. 67, Dongchang West Road, Liaocheng City, Shandong Province, 252000, China
| | - Yue Guo
- Department Of Orthopedics, Liaocheng People's Hospital, No. 67, Dongchang West Road, Liaocheng City, Shandong Province, 252000, China
| | - Xiaofei Yang
- Department Of Orthopedics, Liaocheng People's Hospital, No. 67, Dongchang West Road, Liaocheng City, Shandong Province, 252000, China
| | - Yunzhen Chen
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Qilu Hospital of ShanDong University, No. 107, Cultural West Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province, 250012, China.
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3D Printing PLA/Gingival Stem Cells/ EVs Upregulate miR-2861 and -210 during Osteoangiogenesis Commitment. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133256. [PMID: 31269731 PMCID: PMC6651609 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue regeneration strategies require approaches that provide an osteogenic and angiogenic microenvironment able to drive the bone growth. Recently, the development of 3D printing biomaterials, including poly(lactide) (3D-PLA), enriched with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and/or their derivatives, such as extracellular vesicles (EVs) has been achieving promising results. In this study, in vitro results showed an increased expression of osteogenic and angiogenic markers, as RUNX2, VEGFA, OPN and COL1A1 in the living construct 3D-PLA/human Gingival MSCs (hGMSCs)/EVs. Considering that EVs carry and transfer proteins, mRNA and microRNA into target cells, we evaluated miR-2861 and miR-210 expression related to osteoangiogenesis commitment. Histological examination of rats implanted with 3D-PLA/hGMSCs/EVs evidenced the activation of bone regeneration and of the vascularization process, confirmed also by MicroCT. In synthesis, an upregulation of miR-2861 and -210 other than RUNX2, VEGFA, OPN and COL1A1 was evident in cells cultured in the presence of the biomaterial and EVs. Then, these results evidenced that EVs may enhance bone regeneration in calvaria defects, in association with an enhanced vascularization offering a novel regulatory system in the osteoangiogenesis evolution. The application of new strategies to improve biomaterial engraftment is of great interest in the regenerative medicine and can represent a way to promote bone regeneration.
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50
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Meinberg EG, Clark D, Miclau KR, Marcucio R, Miclau T. Fracture repair in the elderly: Clinical and experimental considerations. Injury 2019; 50 Suppl 1:S62-S65. [PMID: 31130210 PMCID: PMC7021229 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fractures in the elderly represent a significant and rising socioeconomic problem. Although aging has been associated with delays in healing, there is little direct clinical data isolating the effects of aging on bone healing from the associated comorbidities that are frequently present in elderly populations. Basic research has demonstrated that all of the components of fracture repair-cells, extracellular matrix, blood supply, and molecules and their receptors-are negatively impacted by the aging process, which likely explains poorer clinical outcomes. Improved understanding of age-related fracture healing should aid in the development of novel treatment strategies, technologies, and therapies to improve bone repair in elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- E G Meinberg
- UCSF/ZSFG Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, UCSF Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - D Clark
- UCSF/ZSFG Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, UCSF Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - K R Miclau
- UCSF/ZSFG Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, UCSF Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - R Marcucio
- UCSF/ZSFG Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, UCSF Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - T Miclau
- UCSF/ZSFG Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, UCSF Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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