1
|
Lorenzetti V, McTavish E, Broyd S, van Hell H, Thomson D, Ganella E, Kottaram AR, Beale C, Martin J, Galettis P, Solowij N, Greenwood LM. Daily Cannabidiol Administration for 10 Weeks Modulates Hippocampal and Amygdalar Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Cannabis Users: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Open-Label Clinical Trial. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2024; 9:e1108-e1121. [PMID: 37603080 DOI: 10.1089/can.2022.0336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cannabis use is associated with brain functional changes in regions implicated in prominent neuroscientific theories of addiction. Emerging evidence suggests that cannabidiol (CBD) is neuroprotective and may reverse structural brain changes associated with prolonged heavy cannabis use. In this study, we examine how an ∼10-week exposure of CBD in cannabis users affected resting-state functional connectivity in brain regions functionally altered by cannabis use. Materials and Methods: Eighteen people who use cannabis took part in a ∼10 weeks open-label pragmatic trial of self-administered daily 200 mg CBD in capsules. They were not required to change their cannabis exposure patterns. Participants were assessed at baseline and post-CBD exposure with structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and a functional MRI resting-state task (eyes closed). Seed-based connectivity analyses were run to examine changes in the functional connectivity of a priori regions-the hippocampus and the amygdala. We explored if connectivity changes were associated with cannabinoid exposure (i.e., cumulative cannabis dosage over trial, and plasma CBD concentrations and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) plasma metabolites postexposure), and mental health (i.e., severity of anxiety, depression, and positive psychotic symptom scores), accounting for cigarette exposure in the past month, alcohol standard drinks in the past month and cumulative CBD dose during the trial. Results: Functional connectivity significantly decreased pre-to-post the CBD trial between the anterior hippocampus and precentral gyrus, with a strong effect size (d=1.73). Functional connectivity increased between the amygdala and the lingual gyrus pre-to-post the CBD trial, with a strong effect size (d=1.19). There were no correlations with cannabinoids or mental health symptom scores. Discussion: Prolonged CBD exposure may restore/reduce functional connectivity differences reported in cannabis users. These new findings warrant replication in a larger sample, using robust methodologies-double-blind and placebo-controlled-and in the most vulnerable people who use cannabis, including those with more severe forms of Cannabis Use Disorder and experiencing worse mental health outcomes (e.g., psychosis, depression).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Lorenzetti
- Neuroscience of Addiction and Mental Health Program, Healthy Brain and Mind Research Center, School of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eugene McTavish
- Neuroscience of Addiction and Mental Health Program, Healthy Brain and Mind Research Center, School of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Samantha Broyd
- School of Psychology and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hendrika van Hell
- School of Psychology and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Diny Thomson
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Science, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Australia
| | - Eleni Ganella
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Center, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia
- Orygen, the National Center of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Akhil Raja Kottaram
- Neuroscience of Addiction and Mental Health Program, Healthy Brain and Mind Research Center, School of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Center, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia
| | - Camilla Beale
- School of Psychology and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jennifer Martin
- John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Center for Drug Repurposing and Medicines Research, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- The Australian Center for Cannabinoid Clinical and Research Excellence (ACRE), New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter Galettis
- Center for Drug Repurposing and Medicines Research, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- The Australian Center for Cannabinoid Clinical and Research Excellence (ACRE), New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nadia Solowij
- School of Psychology and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- The Australian Center for Cannabinoid Clinical and Research Excellence (ACRE), New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lisa-Marie Greenwood
- The Australian Center for Cannabinoid Clinical and Research Excellence (ACRE), New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang X, Ying C, Zhu L, Wenjing W. The neural oscillations in delta- and theta-bands contribute to divided attention in audiovisual integration. Perception 2024; 53:44-60. [PMID: 37899595 DOI: 10.1177/03010066231208539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
One of key mechanisms implicated in multisensory processing is neural oscillations in distinct frequency band. Many studies explored the modulation of attention by recording the electroencephalography signals when subjects attended one modality, and ignored the other modality input. However, when attention is directed toward one modality, it may be not always possible to shut out completely inputs from a different modality. Since many situations require division of attention between audition and vision, it is imperative to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying processing of concurrent auditory and visual sensory streams. In the present study, we designed a task of audiovisual semantic discrimination, in which the subjects were asked to share attention to both auditory and visual stimuli. We explored the contribution of neural oscillations in lower-frequency to the modulation of divided attention on audiovisual integration. Our results implied that theta-band activity contributes to the early modulation of divided attention, and delta-band activity contributes to the late modulation of divided attention to audiovisual integration. Moreover, the fronto-central delta- and theta-bands activity is likely a marker of divided attention in audiovisual integration, and the neural oscillation on delta- and theta-bands is conducive to allocating attention resources to dual-tasking involving task-coordinating abilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yang
- Northeast Electric Power University, P. R. China
| | - Chen Ying
- Northeast Electric Power University, P. R. China
| | - Lan Zhu
- Northeast Electric Power University, P. R. China
| | - Wang Wenjing
- Northeast Electric Power University, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Trost W, Hars M, Fernandez N, Herrmann F, Chevalley T, Ferrari S, Gold G, Rizzoli R, Vuilleumier P, Trombetti A. Functional brain changes in sarcopenia: evidence for differential central neural mechanisms in dynapenic older women. Aging Clin Exp Res 2023; 35:1015-1025. [PMID: 37029271 PMCID: PMC10149465 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-023-02391-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) recently revised its definition and diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia, placing muscle strength at the forefront. The pathogenesis of dynapenia (or low muscle strength) is still not fully understood, but there is emerging evidence that central neural factors constitute critical determinants. METHODS Our cross-sectional study included 59 community-dwelling older women (mean age 73.1 ± 4.9 years). Participants underwent detailed skeletal muscle assessments for muscle strength defined by handgrip strength and chair rise time measurements using the recently published EWGSOP2 cut-off points. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was assessed during the performance of a cognitive dual-task paradigm, consisting of a baseline, two single-tasks (motor and arithmetic) and one dual-task (motor and arithmetic combined). RESULTS Forty-seven percent (28/59) of participants were classified as dynapenic. fMRI results revealed a differential recruitment of motor circuits in the brain during the dual-task condition in dynapenic as compared with non-dynapenic participants. In particular, while the brain activity during the single-tasks did not differ between the two groups, only during the dual-task non-dynapenic participants showed significant increased activation in dorsolateral prefrontal and premotor cortex, and in supplementary motor area as compared to dynapenic participants. CONCLUSION Our results point to a dysfunctional involvement of brain networks associated with motor control in dynapenia in a multi-tasking paradigm. A better knowledge of the link between dynapenia and brain functions could provide new impulses in the diagnosis and interventions for sarcopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Trost
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205, Geneva 14, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Behavioural Neurology and Imaging of Cognition, Campus Biotech, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mélany Hars
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205, Geneva 14, Switzerland
- Division of Geriatrics and Rehabilitation, Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Natalia Fernandez
- Laboratory for Behavioural Neurology and Imaging of Cognition, Campus Biotech, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - François Herrmann
- Division of Geriatrics and Rehabilitation, Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Chevalley
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205, Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - Serge Ferrari
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205, Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - Gabriel Gold
- Division of Geriatrics and Rehabilitation, Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - René Rizzoli
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205, Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - Patrik Vuilleumier
- Laboratory for Behavioural Neurology and Imaging of Cognition, Campus Biotech, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Trombetti
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205, Geneva 14, Switzerland.
- Division of Geriatrics and Rehabilitation, Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Patelaki E, Foxe JJ, Mazurek KA, Freedman EG. Young adults who improve performance during dual-task walking show more flexible reallocation of cognitive resources: a mobile brain-body imaging (MoBI) study. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:2573-2592. [PMID: 35661873 PMCID: PMC10016048 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In young adults, pairing a cognitive task with walking can have different effects on gait and cognitive task performance. In some cases, performance clearly declines whereas in others compensatory mechanisms maintain performance. This study investigates the preliminary finding of behavioral improvement in Go/NoGo response inhibition task performance during walking compared with sitting, which was observed at the piloting stage. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mobile brain/body imaging (MoBI) was used to record electroencephalographic (EEG) activity, 3-dimensional (3D) gait kinematics and behavioral responses in the cognitive task, during sitting or walking on a treadmill. RESULTS In a cohort of 26 young adults, 14 participants improved in measures of cognitive task performance while walking compared with sitting. These participants exhibited walking-related EEG amplitude reductions over frontal scalp regions during key stages of inhibitory control (conflict monitoring, control implementation, and pre-motor stages), accompanied by reduced stride-to-stride variability and faster responses to stimuli compared with those who did not improve. In contrast, 12 participants who did not improve exhibited no EEG amplitude differences across physical condition. DISCUSSION The neural activity changes associated with performance improvement during dual tasking hold promise as cognitive flexibility markers that can potentially help assess cognitive decline in aging and neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Patelaki
- The Frederick J. and Marion A. Schindler Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, The Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, 201 Robert B. Goergen Hall Rochester, NY 14627, United States
| | - John J Foxe
- The Frederick J. and Marion A. Schindler Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, The Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
| | - Kevin A Mazurek
- The Frederick J. and Marion A. Schindler Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, The Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Joseph Building 4-184W, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
- Well Living Lab, Well Living Lab, Inc., 221 First Avenue SW, Rochester, MN 55902, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Knowledge generalization and the costs of multitasking. Nat Rev Neurosci 2023; 24:98-112. [PMID: 36347942 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-022-00653-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Humans are able to rapidly perform novel tasks, but show pervasive performance costs when attempting to do two things at once. Traditionally, empirical and theoretical investigations into the sources of such multitasking interference have largely focused on multitasking in isolation to other cognitive functions, characterizing the conditions that give rise to performance decrements. Here we instead ask whether multitasking costs are linked to the system's capacity for knowledge generalization, as is required to perform novel tasks. We show how interrogation of the neurophysiological circuitry underlying these two facets of cognition yields further insights for both. Specifically, we demonstrate how a system that rapidly generalizes knowledge may induce multitasking costs owing to sharing of task contingencies between contexts in neural representations encoded in frontoparietal and striatal brain regions. We discuss neurophysiological insights suggesting that prolonged learning segregates such representations by refining the brain's model of task-relevant contingencies, thereby reducing information sharing between contexts and improving multitasking performance while reducing flexibility and generalization. These proposed neural mechanisms explain why the brain shows rapid task understanding, multitasking limitations and practice effects. In short, multitasking limits are the price we pay for behavioural flexibility.
Collapse
|
6
|
Dual-Task Interference Slows Down Proprioception. Motor Control 2023:1-15. [PMID: 36599354 DOI: 10.1123/mc.2022-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
It is well-known that multitasking impairs the performance of one or both of the concomitant ongoing tasks. Previous studies have mainly focused on how a secondary task can compromise visual or auditory information processing. However, despite dual tasking being critical to motor performance, the effects of dual-task performance on proprioceptive information processing have not been studied yet. The purpose of the present study was, therefore, to investigate whether sensorimotor task performance would be affected by the dual task and if so, in which phase of the sensorimotor task performance would this negative effect occur. The kinematic variables of passive and active knee movements elicited by the leg drop test were analyzed. Thirteen young adults participated in the study. The dual task consisted of performing serial subtractions. The results showed that the dual task increased both the reaction time to counteract passive knee-joint movements in the leg drop test and the threshold to detect those movements. The dual task did not affect the speed and time during the active knee movement and the absolute angle error between the final and the target knee angles. Furthermore, the results showed that the time to complete the sensorimotor task was prolonged in dual tasking. Our findings suggest that dual tasking reduces motor performance due to slowing down proprioceptive information processing without affecting movement execution.
Collapse
|
7
|
Hu Y, Liu T, Song S, Qin K, Chan W. The specific brain activity of dual task coordination: a theoretical conflict-control model based on a qualitative and quantitative review. JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2022.2143788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianliang Liu
- Department of Psychology, The Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sensen Song
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaiyang Qin
- Social, Health & Organizational Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Wai Chan
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hirano D, Kimura N, Yano H, Enoki M, Aikawa M, Goto Y, Taniguchi T. Different brain activation patterns in the prefrontal area between self-paced and high-speed driving tasks. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202100295. [PMID: 35103406 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202100295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects on prefrontal cortex brain activity when participants attempted to stop a car accurately at a stop line when driving at different speeds using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Twenty healthy subjects with driving experience drove their own cars for a distance of 60 m five times each at their own pace or as fast as possible. The variation in the distance between the stop line and the car was not significantly different between the self-paced and high-speed tasks. However, oxygenated hemoglobin concentration in the prefrontal cortex was significantly higher in the high-speed task than in the self-paced task. These findings suggest that driving at high speed requires more divided attention than driving at self-paced speed, even though the participants were able to stop the car at the same distance from the target. This study shows the advantages and usefulness of fNIRS .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Hirano
- Graduate School of Health and Welfare Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Minato, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Otawara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Naotoshi Kimura
- Graduate School of Health and Welfare Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Minato, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation, International University of Health and Welfare Ichikawa Hospital, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hana Yano
- Graduate School of Health and Welfare Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Minato, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Otawara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Miku Enoki
- Graduate School of Health and Welfare Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Minato, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation, International University of Health and Welfare Shioya Hospital, Yaita, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Maya Aikawa
- Graduate School of Health and Welfare Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Minato, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation, International University of Health and Welfare Shioya Hospital, Yaita, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Goto
- Graduate School of Health and Welfare Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Minato, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Sciences at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, Okawa, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takamichi Taniguchi
- Graduate School of Health and Welfare Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Minato, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Otawara, Tochigi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Szameitat AJ. Inter-Individual Differences in Executive Functions Predict Multitasking Performance - Implications for the Central Attentional Bottleneck. Front Psychol 2022; 13:778966. [PMID: 35645928 PMCID: PMC9131123 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.778966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human multitasking suffers from a central attentional bottleneck preventing parallel performance of central mental operations, leading to profound deferments in task performance. While previous research assumed that the deferment is caused by a mere waiting time (refractory period), we show that the bottleneck requires executive functions (EF; active scheduling account) accounting for a profound part of the deferment. Three participant groups with EF impairments (dyslexics, highly neurotics, deprived smokers) showed worse multitasking performance than respective control groups. Three further groups with EF improvements (video-gamers, bilinguals, coffee consumers) showed improved multitasking. Finally, three groups performed a dual-task and different measures of EF (reading span, rotation span, symmetry span) and showed significant correlations between multitasking performance and working memory capacity. Demands on EF during multitasking may cause more errors, mental fatigue and stress, with parts of the population being considerably more prone to this.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André J. Szameitat
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience (CCN), Division of Psychology, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang X, Xu F, Shi H, Liu R, Wan X. Effects of dual-task training on gait and balance in stroke patients: A meta-analysis. Clin Rehabil 2022; 36:1186-1198. [PMID: 35469457 DOI: 10.1177/02692155221097033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of dual-task training on gait and balance in stroke patients.Data sources: A systematic review of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library from their inception through 20 August 2021. REVIEW METHODS The bibliography was screened to identify randomized controlled trials that applied dual-task training to rehabilitation function training in stroke patients. Two reviewers independently screened references, selected relevant studies, extracted data and assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane tool of bias. The primary outcome was the gait and balance parameters. RESULTS A total of 1992 studies were identified and 15 randomized controlled trials were finally included (512 individuals) were analyzed. A meta-analysis was performed and a beneficial effect on rehabilitation training was found. Compared to patients who received conventional rehabilitation therapy, those who received dual-task training showed greater improvement in step length (MD = 3.46, 95% CI [1.01, 5.92], P = 0.006), cadence (MD = 4.92, 95% CI [3.10, 6.74], P < 0.001) and berg balance scale score (MD = 3.10, 95% CI [0.11, 6.09], P = 0.040). There were no differences in the improvements in gait speed (MD = 2.89, 95% CI [ - 2.02, 7.80], P = 0.250) and timed up and go test (MD = -2.62, 95% CI [ - 7.94, 2.71], P = 0.340) between dual-task and control groups. CONCLUSION Dual-task training is an effective training for rehabilitation of stroke patients in step length and cadence, however, the superiority of dual-task training for improving balance function needs further discussion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyi Zhang
- Biomechanics Laboratory, 47838Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Xu
- People's Hospital of Queshan, Henan, China
| | - Huijuan Shi
- Biomechanics Laboratory, 47838Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruijiao Liu
- Biomechanics Laboratory, 47838Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianglin Wan
- Biomechanics Laboratory, 47838Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sadeghi Talarposhti M, Ahmadi-Pajouh MA, Towhidkhah F. A Neuro-Computational Model for Discrete-Continuous Dual-Task Process. Front Comput Neurosci 2022; 16:829807. [PMID: 35422694 PMCID: PMC9003617 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2022.829807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on dual-task (DT) procedures in human behavior are important, as they can offer great insight into the cognitive control system. Accordingly, a discrete-continuous auditory-tracking DT experiment was conducted in this study with different difficulty conditions, including a continuous mouse-tracking task concurrent with a discrete auditory task (AT). Behavioral results of 25 participants were investigated via different factors, such as response time (RT), errors, and hesitations (pauses in tracking tasks). In DT, synchronization of different target neuron units was observed in corresponding brain regions; consequently, a computational model of the stimulus process was proposed to investigate the DT interference procedure during the stimulus process. This generally relates to the bottom-up attention system that a neural resource allocates for various ongoing stimuli. We proposed a black-box model based on interactions and mesoscopic behaviors of neural units. Model structure was implemented based on neurological studies and oscillator units to represent neural activities. Each unit represents one stimulus feature of task concept. Comparing the model's output behavior with the experiment results (RT) validates the model. Evaluation of the proposed model and data on RT implies that the stimulus of the AT affects the DT procedure in the model output (84% correlation). However, the continuous task is not significantly changed (26% correlation). The continuous task simulation results were inconsistent with the experiment, suggesting that continuous interference occurs in higher cognitive processing regions and is controlled by the top-down attentional system. However, this is consistent with the psychological research finding of DT interference occurring in response preparation rather than the stimulus process stage. Furthermore, we developed the proposed model by adding qualitative interpretation and saving the model's generality to address various types of discrete continuous DT procedures. The model predicts a justification method for brain rhythm interactions by synchronization, and manipulating parameters would produce different behaviors. The decrement of coupling parameter and strength factor would predict a similar pattern as in Parkinson's disease and ADHD disorder, respectively. Also, by increasing the similarity factor among the features, the model's result shows automatic task performance in each task.
Collapse
|
12
|
Kübler S, Strobach T, Schubert T. The role of working memory for task-order coordination in dual-task situations. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2021; 86:452-473. [PMID: 33884485 PMCID: PMC8885531 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-021-01517-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Dual-task (DT) situations require task-order coordination processes that schedule the processing of two temporally overlapping tasks. Theories on task-order coordination suggest that these processes rely on order representations that are actively maintained and processed in working memory (WM). Preliminary evidence for this assumption stems from DT situations with variable task order, where repeating task order relative to the preceding trials results in improved performance compared to changing task order, indicating the processing of task-order information in WM between two succeeding trials. We directly tested this assumption by varying WM load during a DT with variable task order. In Experiment 1, WM load was manipulated by varying the number of stimulus–response mappings of the component tasks. In Experiment 2A, WM load was increased by embedding an additional WM updating task in the applied DT. In both experiments, the performance benefit for trials with repeated relative to trials with changed task order was reduced under high compared to low WM load. These results confirm our assumption that the processing of the task-order information relies on WM resources. In Experiment 2B, we tested whether the results of Experiment 2A can be attributed to introducing an additional task per se rather than to increased WM load by introducing an additional task with a low WM load. Importantly, in this experiment, the processing of order information was not affected. In sum, the results of the three experiments indicate that task-order coordination relies on order information which is maintained in an accessible state in WM during DT processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kübler
- Department of Psychology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany. .,Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | | | - Torsten Schubert
- Department of Psychology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
McCusker MC, Wiesman AI, Schantell MD, Eastman JA, Wilson TW. Multi-spectral oscillatory dynamics serving directed and divided attention. Neuroimage 2020; 217:116927. [PMID: 32438050 PMCID: PMC7573387 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention-related amplification of neural representations of external stimuli has been well documented in the visual domain, however, research concerning the oscillatory dynamics of such directed attention is relatively sparse in humans. Specifically, it is unknown which spectrally-specific neural responses are mainly impacted by the direction and division of attention, as well as whether the effects of attention on these oscillations are spatially disparate. In this study, we use magnetoencephalography and a visual-somatosensory oddball task to investigate the whole-brain oscillatory dynamics of directed (Experiment 1; N = 26) and divided (Experiment 2; N = 34) visual attention. Sensor-level data were transformed into the time-frequency domain and significant responses from baseline were imaged using a frequency-resolved beamformer. We found that multi-spectral cortical oscillations were stronger when attention was sustained in the visual space and that these effects exhibited informative spatial distributions that differed by frequency. More specifically, we found stronger frontal theta (4–8 Hz), frontal and occipital alpha (8–14 Hz), occipital beta (16–22 Hz), and frontal gamma (74–84 Hz) responses when visual attention was sustained than when it was directed away from the visual domain. Similarly, in the divided attention condition, we observed stronger fronto-parietal theta activity and temporo-parietal alpha and beta oscillations when visual attention was sustained toward the visual stimuli than divided between the visual and somatosensory domains. Investigating how attentional gain is implemented in the human brain is essential for better understanding how this process is degraded in disease, and may provide useful targets for future therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie C McCusker
- Center for Magnetoencephalography, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Cognitive Neuroscience of Development & Aging (CoNDA) Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Alex I Wiesman
- Center for Magnetoencephalography, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Cognitive Neuroscience of Development & Aging (CoNDA) Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Mikki D Schantell
- Center for Magnetoencephalography, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Cognitive Neuroscience of Development & Aging (CoNDA) Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jacob A Eastman
- Center for Magnetoencephalography, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Cognitive Neuroscience of Development & Aging (CoNDA) Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Tony W Wilson
- Center for Magnetoencephalography, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Cognitive Neuroscience of Development & Aging (CoNDA) Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yu JW, Lim SH, Kim B, Kim E, Kim K, Kyu Park S, Seok Byun Y, Sakong J, Choi JW. Prefrontal functional connectivity analysis of cognitive decline for early diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:1725-1741. [PMID: 32341843 PMCID: PMC7173911 DOI: 10.1364/boe.382197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive decline (CD) is a major symptom of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Patients with MCI have an increased likelihood of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although a cure for AD is currently lacking, medication therapies and/or daily training in the early stage can alleviate disease progression and improve patients' quality of life. Accordingly, investigating CD-related biomarkers via brain imaging devices is crucial for early diagnosis. In particular, "portable" brain imaging devices enable frequent diagnostic checks as a routine clinical tool, and therefore increase the possibility of early AD diagnosis. This study aimed to comprehensively investigate functional connectivity (FC) in the prefrontal cortex measured by a portable functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) device during a working memory (WM) task known as the delayed matching to sample (DMTS) task. Differences in prefrontal FC between healthy control (HC) (n = 23) and CD groups (n = 23) were examined. Intra-group analysis (one-sample t-test) revealed significantly greater prefrontal FC, especially left- and inter-hemispheric FC, in the CD group than in the HC. These observations could be due to a compensatory mechanism of the prefrontal cortex caused by hippocampal degeneration. Inter-group analysis (unpaired two-sample t-test) revealed significant intergroup differences in left- and inter-hemispheric FC. These attributes may serve as a novel biomarker for early detection of MCI. In addition, our findings imply that portable fNIRS devices covering the prefrontal cortex may be useful for early diagnosis of MCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Woo Yu
- Department of Information and Communication Engineering, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
- These authors equally contributed to this work
| | - Sung-Ho Lim
- Department of Information and Communication Engineering, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
- Brain Engineering Convergence Research Center, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
- These authors equally contributed to this work
| | - Bomin Kim
- Department of Information and Communication Engineering, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Eunho Kim
- Department of Information and Communication Engineering, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Kyungsoo Kim
- Brain Engineering Convergence Research Center, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Sung Kyu Park
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Young Seok Byun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Joon Sakong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu 42988, South Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Ji-Woong Choi
- Department of Information and Communication Engineering, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
- Brain Engineering Convergence Research Center, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Interaction between behavioral inhibition and neural alcohol cue-reactivity in ADHD and alcohol use disorder. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:1691-1707. [PMID: 32285159 PMCID: PMC7239811 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05492-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Compared to the general population, adult Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is more prevalent in patients with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). Impaired behavioral inhibition is a common characteristic in both ADHD and AUD. Relapse risk is increased in patients with AUD and comorbid, untreated ADHD and in AUD patients with increased neural cue-reactivity. OBJECTIVES In this study, we examined the interaction between neural correlates of behavioral inhibition and alcohol cue-reactivity with a hybrid imaging task. METHODS Out of 69 adult study participants, we included n = 49 in our final analyses: Individuals had a diagnosis of either AUD (n = 13), ADHD (n = 14) or both (n = 5), or were healthy controls (HC; n = 17). The functional magnetic resonance imaging paradigm aimed to examine the combined effects of both an interference-inhibition task ("Simon-task") and an alcohol cue-reactivity task. Instead of segregating by diagnostic group, we pursued a dimensional approach in which we compared measures of AUD and ADHD severity, as well as the interaction of both, using multiple regression analyses. RESULTS The four groups did not differ on the behavioral level on either the inhibition task or the alcohol cue-reactivity task. However, brain activation in frontal control and reward-related regions during completion of the combined tasks were related to ADHD and AUD severity (symptom load). During presentation of both alcohol cues and the inhibition task, participants with higher AUD and ADHD symptom load exhibited greater BOLD (blood oxygen level dependent) responses in subcortical reward-related regions. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the hypothesis that ADHD additionally diminishes inhibition ability in individuals with AUD. This may increase relapse risk when confronted with alcohol cues. Further, it is crucial for patients with comorbid AUD and ADHD to take into account not only reduced cognitive control over behavioral inhibition but also simultaneously heightened alcohol cue-reactivity.
Collapse
|
16
|
Martín-Signes M, Paz-Alonso PM, Chica AB. Connectivity of Frontoparietal Regions Reveals Executive Attention and Consciousness Interactions. Cereb Cortex 2019; 29:4539-4550. [PMID: 30590403 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The executive control network is involved in the voluntary control of novel and complex situations. Solving conflict situations or detecting errors have demonstrated to impair conscious perception of near-threshold stimuli. The aim of this study was to explore the neural mechanisms underlying executive control and its interaction with conscious perception using functional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging. To this end, we used a dual-task paradigm involving Stroop and conscious detection tasks with near-threshold stimuli. A set of prefrontal and frontoparietal regions were more strongly engaged for incongruent than congruent trials while a distributed set of frontoparietal regions showed stronger activation for consciously than nonconsciously perceived trials. Functional connectivity analysis revealed an interaction between executive control and conscious perception in frontal and parietal nodes. The microstructural properties of the middle branch of the superior longitudinal fasciculus were associated with neural measures of the interaction between executive control and consciousness. These results demonstrate that conscious perception and executive control share neural resources in frontoparietal networks, as proposed by some influential models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mar Martín-Signes
- Department of Experimental Psychology, and Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Ana B Chica
- Department of Experimental Psychology, and Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kübler S, Soutschek A, Schubert T. The Causal Role of the Lateral Prefrontal Cortex for Task-order Coordination in Dual-task Situations: A Study with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. J Cogn Neurosci 2019; 31:1840-1856. [DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Dual tasks are characterized by the requirement for additional task-order coordination processes that schedule the processing order of two temporally overlapping tasks. Preliminary evidence from functional imaging studies suggests that lateral pFC (lPFC) activation correlates with implementing these task-order coordination processes. However, so far, it is unclear whether the lPFC is also causally involved in coordinating task order during dual-task performance and which exact mechanisms are implemented by this brain region. In this study, we addressed these open issues by applying online TMS during a dual-task situation. For this purpose, participants performed a dual task in fixed-order blocks with a constant order of tasks and in random-order block, in which the order of tasks varied randomly and thus demands on task-order coordination were increased. In Experiment 1, TMS of the lPFC compared with control TMS conditions impaired dual-task performance in random-order blocks, whereas performance in fixed-order blocks was unaffected by TMS. In Experiment 2, we tested for the specificity of the lPFC TMS effect on task-order coordination by applying TMS over the preSMA. We showed that preSMA TMS did not affect dual-task performance, neither in fixed-order nor in random-order blocks. Results of this study indicate that the lPFC, but not the preSMA, is causally involved in implementing task-order coordination processes in dual-task situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kübler
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
- Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
| | | | - Torsten Schubert
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
- Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Liebherr M, Antons S, Brand M. The SwAD-Task – An Innovative Paradigm for Measuring Costs of Switching Between Different Attentional Demands. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2178. [PMID: 31636578 PMCID: PMC6788298 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Task switching paradigms are frequently used to identify costs of switching between modalities, spatiality, attributes, rules, etc., but switching between different attentional demands has been somehow neglected. The present study introduces an innovative paradigm, that allows to test single attentional demands (such as selective and divided attention), and more importantly the process of switching between these demands. We examined the feasibility of the paradigm by focusing on the demands of selective and divided attention with a sample of 94 people (age: M = 21.44 years, SD = 2.68; 76 women). In addition, we tested correlations between the implemented single attentional demands and commonly used measures of selective and divided attention. Results show no general difference between individual assessments under single demand conditions. Reaction times under divided attention are significantly higher compared to selective attention. In the switching condition, reaction times in both demands increase with increased switching. Furthermore, switching costs significantly increase in selective but not in divided attention. Means of selective and divided attention in single and switching conditions significantly correlate with a commonly used measure of selective attention. Means of divided attention under single demand significantly correlate with performance in a commonly used dual-task paradigm. Summarizing the present findings, it can be stated that the introduced paradigm comprises a feasible way for quantifying the process of switching attention between different demands.
Collapse
|
19
|
Peters S, Eng JJ, Liu-Ambrose T, Borich MR, Dao E, Amanian A, Boyd LA. Brain activity associated with Dual-task performance of Ankle motor control during cognitive challenge. Brain Behav 2019; 9:e01349. [PMID: 31265216 PMCID: PMC6710191 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Skilled Ankle motor control is frequently required while performing secondary cognitively demanding tasks such as socializing and avoiding obstacles while walking, termed "Dual tasking." It is likely that Dual-task performance increases demand on the brain, as both motor and cognitive systems require neural resources. The purpose of this study was to use functional MRI to understand which brain regions are involved in resolving Dual-task interference created by requiring high levels of Ankle motor control during a cognitive task. METHODS Using functional MRI, brain activity was measured in sixteen young adults during performance of visually cued Ankle plantar flexion to a target (Ankle task), a cognitive task (Flanker task), and both tasks simultaneously (Dual task). RESULTS Dual-task performance did not impact the Ankle task (p = 0.78), but did affect behavior on the Flanker task. Response times for both the congruent and incongruent conditions during the Flanker task were significantly longer (p < 0.001, p = 0.050, respectively), and accuracy for the congruent condition decreased during Dual tasking (p < 0.001). Activity in 3 brain regions was associated with Dual-task Flanker performance. Percent signal change from baseline in Brodmann area (BA) 5, BA6, and the left caudate correlated with performance on the Flanker task during the Dual-task condition (R2 = 0.261, p = 0.04; R2 = -0.258, p = 0.04; R2 = 0.303, p = 0.03, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Performance of Ankle motor control may be prioritized over a cognitive task during Dual-task performance. Our work advances Dual-task research by elucidating patterns of whole brain activity for Dual tasks that require Ankle motor control during a cognitive task.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sue Peters
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Janice J Eng
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Teresa Liu-Ambrose
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael R Borich
- School of Medicine, Division of Physical Therapy, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Elizabeth Dao
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ameen Amanian
- Faculty of Applied Science, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lara A Boyd
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Worringer B, Langner R, Koch I, Eickhoff SB, Eickhoff CR, Binkofski FC. Common and distinct neural correlates of dual-tasking and task-switching: a meta-analytic review and a neuro-cognitive processing model of human multitasking. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:1845-1869. [PMID: 31037397 PMCID: PMC7254756 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-01870-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Although there are well-known limitations of the human cognitive system in performing two tasks simultaneously (dual-tasking) or alternatingly (task-switching), the question for a common vs. distinct neural basis of these multitasking limitations is still open. We performed two Activation Likelihood Estimation meta-analyses of neuroimaging studies on dual-tasking or task-switching and tested for commonalities and differences in the brain regions associated with either domain. We found a common core network related to multitasking comprising bilateral intraparietal sulcus (IPS), left dorsal premotor cortex (dPMC), and right anterior insula. Meta-analytic contrasts revealed eight fronto-parietal clusters more consistently activated in dual-tasking (bilateral frontal operculum, dPMC, and anterior IPS, left inferior frontal sulcus and left inferior frontal gyrus) and, conversely, four clusters (left inferior frontal junction, posterior IPS, and precuneus as well as frontomedial cortex) more consistently activated in task-switching. Together with sub-analyses of preparation effects in task-switching, our results argue against purely passive structural processing limitations in multitasking. Based on these findings and drawing on current theorizing, we present a neuro-cognitive processing model of multitasking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Britta Worringer
- Clinical and Cognitive Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Center for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Robert Langner
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
| | - Iring Koch
- Institute of Psychology, RWTH Aachen University, Jägerstr. 17-19, 52066, Aachen, Germany
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Claudia R Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ferdinand C Binkofski
- Clinical and Cognitive Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Research Center Jülich, Pauwelsstr. 30, Jülich, Germany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance JARA-BRAIN, Pauwelsstr. 30, Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Do TTN, Chuang CH, Hsiao SJ, Lin CT, Wang YK. Neural Comodulation of Independent Brain Processes Related to Multitasking. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2019; 27:1160-1169. [PMID: 31056503 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2019.2914242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Distracted driving is regarded as an integrated task requiring different regions of the brain to receive sensory data, coordinate information, make decisions, and synchronize movements. In this paper, we applied an independent modulator analysis (IMA) method to temporally independent electroencephalography (EEG) components to understand how the human executive control system coordinates different brain regions to simultaneously perform multiple tasks with distractions presented in different modalities. The behavioral results showed that the reaction time (RT) in response to traffic events increased while multitasking. Moreover, the RT was longer when the distractor was presented in an auditory form versus a visual form. The IMA results showed that there were performance-related IMs coordinating different brain regions during distracted driving. The component spectral fluctuations affected by the modulators were distinct between the single- and dual-task conditions. Specifically, more modulatory weight was projected to the occipital region to address the additional distracting stimulus in both visual and auditory modality in the dual-task conditions. A comparison of modulatory weights between auditory and visual distractors showed that more modulatory weight was projected to the frontal region during the processing of the auditory distractor. This paper provides valuable insights into the temporal dynamics of attentional modulation during multitasking as well as an understanding of the underlying brain mechanisms that mediate the synchronization across brain regions and govern the allocation of attention in distracted driving.
Collapse
|
22
|
Obata H, Ogawa T, Nakazawa K. Unique controlling mechanisms underlying walking with two handheld poles in contrast to those of conventional walking as revealed by split-belt locomotor adaptation. Exp Brain Res 2019; 237:1699-1707. [PMID: 30997538 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-019-05541-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pole walking (PW), a form of locomotion in which a person holds a pole in each hand, enhances the involvement of alternating upper-limb movement. While this quadruped-like walking increases postural stability for bipedal conventional walking (CW), in terms of the neural controlling mechanisms underlying the two locomotion forms (PW and CW), the similarities and differences remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to compare the neural control of PW and CW from the perspective of locomotor adaptation to a novel environment on a split-belt treadmill. We measured the anterior component of the ground reaction (braking) force during and after split-belt treadmill walking in 12 healthy subjects. The results demonstrated that (1) PW delayed locomotor adaptation when compared with CW; (2) the degrees of transfer of the acquired movement pattern to CW and PW were not different, regardless of whether the novel movement pattern was learned in CW or PW; and (3) the movement pattern learned in CW was washed out by subsequent execution in PW, whereas the movement pattern learned in PW was not completely washed out by subsequent execution in CW. These results suggest that the neural control mechanisms of PW and CW are not independent, and it is possible that PW could be a locomotor behavior built upon a basic locomotor pattern of CW.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Obata
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Institute of Liberal Arts, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 1-1 Sensui-cho, Tobata-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 804-8550, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Ogawa
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kimitaka Nakazawa
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yao XQ, Yang YQ, Chen SY, Sun W, Chen Q. Visual Dominance Effect upon Passing the Central Bottleneck of Information Processing. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 131:1926-1935. [PMID: 30082523 PMCID: PMC6085859 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.238144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the classical psychological refractory period (PRP) paradigm, two stimuli are presented in brief succession, and participants are asked to make separate speeded responses to both stimuli. Due to a central cognitive bottleneck, responses to the second stimulus are delayed, especially at short stimulus-onset asynchrony (SOA) between the two stimuli. Although the mechanisms of dual-task interference in the classical PRP paradigm have been extensively investigated, specific mechanisms underlying the cross-modal PRP paradigm are not well understood. In particular, it remains unknown whether the dominance of vision over audition manifests in the cross-modal PRP tasks. The present study aimed to investigate whether the visual dominance effect manifests in the cross-modal PRP paradigm. METHODS We adapted the classical PRP paradigm by manipulating the order of a visual and an auditory task: the visual task could either precede the auditory task or vice versa, at either short or long SOAs. Twenty-five healthy participants took part in Experiment 1, and thirty-three new participants took part in Experiment 2. Reaction time and accuracy data were calculated and further analyzed by repeated-measures analysis of variance. RESULTS The results showed that visual precedence in the Visual-Auditory condition caused larger impairments to the subsequent auditory processing than vice versa in the Auditory-Visual condition: a larger delay of second response was revealed in the Visual-Auditory condition (135 ± 10 ms) than the Auditory-Visual condition (88 ± 9 ms). This effect was found only at the short SOAs under the existence of the central bottleneck, but not at the long SOAs. Moreover, this effect occurred both when the single visual and the single auditory task were of equal difficulty in Experiment 1 and when the single auditory task was more difficult than the single visual task in Experiment 2. CONCLUSION Results of the two experiments suggested that the visual dominance effect occurred under the central bottleneck of cognitive processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Qi Yao
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Yu-Qian Yang
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application and School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631, China
| | - Shi-Yong Chen
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application and School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application and School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631, China
- Department of Psychology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Stelzel C, Bohle H, Schauenburg G, Walter H, Granacher U, Rapp MA, Heinzel S. Contribution of the Lateral Prefrontal Cortex to Cognitive-Postural Multitasking. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1075. [PMID: 30034351 PMCID: PMC6043684 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There is evidence for cortical contribution to the regulation of human postural control. Interference from concurrently performed cognitive tasks supports this notion, and the lateral prefrontal cortex (lPFC) has been suggested to play a prominent role in the processing of purely cognitive as well as cognitive-postural dual tasks. The degree of cognitive-motor interference varies greatly between individuals, but it is unresolved whether individual differences in the recruitment of specific lPFC regions during cognitive dual tasking are associated with individual differences in cognitive-motor interference. Here, we investigated inter-individual variability in a cognitive-postural multitasking situation in healthy young adults (n = 29) in order to relate these to inter-individual variability in lPFC recruitment during cognitive multitasking. For this purpose, a one-back working memory task was performed either as single task or as dual task in order to vary cognitive load. Participants performed these cognitive single and dual tasks either during upright stance on a balance pad that was placed on top of a force plate or during fMRI measurement with little to no postural demands. We hypothesized dual one-back task performance to be associated with lPFC recruitment when compared to single one-back task performance. In addition, we expected individual variability in lPFC recruitment to be associated with postural performance costs during concurrent dual one-back performance. As expected, behavioral performance costs in postural sway during dual-one back performance largely varied between individuals and so did lPFC recruitment during dual one-back performance. Most importantly, individuals who recruited the right mid-lPFC to a larger degree during dual one-back performance also showed greater postural sway as measured by larger performance costs in total center of pressure displacements. This effect was selective to the high-load dual one-back task and suggests a crucial role of the right lPFC in allocating resources during cognitive-motor interference. Our study provides further insight into the mechanisms underlying cognitive-motor multitasking and its impairments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Stelzel
- Division of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.,Experimental Psychology, International Psychoanalytic University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hannah Bohle
- Division of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.,Experimental Psychology, International Psychoanalytic University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gesche Schauenburg
- Division of Training and Movement Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Berlin Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Free University of Berlin, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, Charité - Berlin Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Urs Granacher
- Division of Training and Movement Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Michael A Rapp
- Division of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Stephan Heinzel
- Division of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.,Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Papegaaij S, Hortobágyi T, Godde B, Kaan WA, Erhard P, Voelcker-Rehage C. Neural correlates of motor-cognitive dual-tasking in young and old adults. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189025. [PMID: 29220349 PMCID: PMC5722310 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
When two tasks are performed simultaneously, performance often declines in one or both tasks. These so-called dual-task costs are more pronounced in old than in young adults. One proposed neurological mechanism of the dual-task costs is that old compared with young adults tend to execute single-tasks with higher brain activation. In the brain regions that are needed for both tasks, the reduced residual capacity may interfere with performance of the dual-task. This competition for shared brain regions has been called structural interference. The purpose of the study was to determine whether structural interference indeed plays a role in the age-related decrease in dual-task performance. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to investigate 23 young adults (20–29 years) and 32 old adults (66–89 years) performing a calculation (serial subtraction by seven) and balance-simulation (plantar flexion force control) task separately or simultaneously. Behavioral performance decreased during the dual-task compared with the single-tasks in both age groups, with greater dual-task costs in old compared with young adults. Brain activation was significantly higher in old than young adults during all conditions. Region of interest analyses were performed on brain regions that were active in both tasks. Structural interference was apparent in the right insula, as quantified by an age-related reduction in upregulation of brain activity from single- to dual-task. However, the magnitude of upregulation did not correlate with dual-task costs. Therefore, we conclude that the greater dual-task costs in old adults were probably not due to increased structural interference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selma Papegaaij
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, Groningen University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- * E-mail: (SP); (CV)
| | - Tibor Hortobágyi
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, Groningen University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ben Godde
- Jacobs Center on Lifelong Learning and Institutional Development, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Wim A. Kaan
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, Groningen University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Erhard
- Brain Research Institute, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Claudia Voelcker-Rehage
- Jacobs Center on Lifelong Learning and Institutional Development, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- * E-mail: (SP); (CV)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bender AD, Filmer HL, Naughtin CK, Dux PE. Dynamic, continuous multitasking training leads to task-specific improvements but does not transfer across action selection tasks. NPJ SCIENCE OF LEARNING 2017; 2:14. [PMID: 30631460 PMCID: PMC6220332 DOI: 10.1038/s41539-017-0015-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ability to perform multiple tasks concurrently is an ever-increasing requirement in our information-rich world. Despite this, multitasking typically compromises performance due to the processing limitations associated with cognitive control and decision-making. While intensive dual-task training is known to improve multitasking performance, only limited evidence suggests that training-related performance benefits can transfer to untrained tasks that share overlapping processes. In the real world, however, coordinating and selecting several responses within close temporal proximity will often occur in high-interference environments. Over the last decade, there have been notable reports that training on video action games that require dynamic multitasking in a demanding environment can lead to transfer effects on aspects of cognition such as attention and working memory. Here, we asked whether continuous and dynamic multitasking training extends benefits to tasks that are theoretically related to the trained tasks. To examine this issue, we asked a group of participants to train on a combined continuous visuomotor tracking task and a perceptual discrimination task for six sessions, while an active control group practiced the component tasks in isolation. A battery of tests measuring response selection, response inhibition, and spatial attention was administered before and immediately after training to investigate transfer. Multitasking training resulted in substantial, task-specific gains in dual-task ability, but there was no evidence that these benefits generalized to other action control tasks. The findings suggest that training on a combined visuomotor tracking and discrimination task results in task-specific benefits but provides no additional value for untrained action selection tasks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela D. Bender
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hannah L. Filmer
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Claire K. Naughtin
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul E. Dux
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Reimer CB, Strobach T, Schubert T. Concurrent deployment of visual attention and response selection bottleneck in a dual-task: Electrophysiological and behavioural evidence. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2017; 70:2460-2477. [PMID: 27734768 DOI: 10.1080/17470218.2016.1245348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Visual attention and response selection are limited in capacity. Here, we investigated whether visual attention requires the same bottleneck mechanism as response selection in a dual-task of the psychological refractory period (PRP) paradigm. The dual-task consisted of an auditory two-choice discrimination Task 1 and a conjunction search Task 2, which were presented at variable temporal intervals (stimulus onset asynchrony, SOA). In conjunction search, visual attention is required to select items and to bind their features resulting in a serial search process around the items in the search display (i.e., set size). We measured the reaction time of the visual search task (RT2) and the N2pc, an event-related potential (ERP), which reflects lateralized visual attention processes. If the response selection processes in Task 1 influence the visual attention processes in Task 2, N2pc latency and amplitude would be delayed and attenuated at short SOA compared to long SOA. The results, however, showed that latency and amplitude were independent of SOA, indicating that visual attention was concurrently deployed to response selection. Moreover, the RT2 analysis revealed an underadditive interaction of SOA and set size. We concluded that visual attention does not require the same bottleneck mechanism as response selection in dual-tasks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tilo Strobach
- Department of Psychology, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Schubert
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Modulation of dual-task control with right prefrontal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Exp Brain Res 2017; 236:227-241. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-017-5121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
29
|
Naughtin CK, Tamber-Rosenau BJ, Dux PE. The neural basis of temporal individuation and its capacity limits in the human brain. J Neurophysiol 2017; 118:2601-2613. [PMID: 28855297 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00839.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuation refers to individuals' use of spatial and temporal properties to register objects as distinct perceptual events relative to other stimuli. Although behavioral studies have examined both spatial and temporal individuation, neuroimaging investigations have been restricted to the spatial domain and at relatively late stages of information processing. Here, we used univariate and multivoxel pattern analyses of functional MRI data to identify brain regions involved in individuating temporally distinct visual items and the neural consequences that arise when this process reaches its capacity limit (repetition blindness, RB). First, we found that regional patterns of blood-oxygen-level-dependent activity across the cortex discriminated between instances where repeated and nonrepeated stimuli were successfully individuated-conditions that placed differential demands on temporal individuation. These results could not be attributed to repetition suppression or other stimulus-related factors, task difficulty, regional activation differences, other capacity-limited processes, or artifacts in the data or analyses. Contrary to current theoretical models, this finding suggests that temporal individuation is supported by a distributed set of brain regions, rather than a single neural correlate. Second, conditions that reflect the capacity limit of individuation-instances of RB-lead to changes in the spatial patterns within this network, as well as amplitude changes in the left hemisphere premotor cortex, superior medial frontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and bilateral parahippocampal place area. These findings could not be attributed to response conflict/ambiguity and likely reflect the core brain regions and mechanisms that underlie the capacity-limited process that gives rise to RB.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We present novel findings into the neural bases of temporal individuation and repetition blindness (RB)-the perceptual deficit that arises when this process reaches its capacity limit. Specifically, we found that temporal individuation is a widely distributed process in the brain and identified a number of candidate brain regions that appear to underpin RB. These findings enhance our understanding of how these fundamental perceptual processes are reflected in the human brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire K Naughtin
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Benjamin J Tamber-Rosenau
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; and.,Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Paul E Dux
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia;
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Successful voluntary recruitment of cognitive control under acute stress. Cognition 2017; 168:182-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
31
|
Tschernegg M, Neuper C, Schmidt R, Wood G, Kronbichler M, Fazekas F, Enzinger C, Koini M. FMRI to probe sex-related differences in brain function with multitasking. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181554. [PMID: 28759619 PMCID: PMC5536366 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although established as a general notion in society, there is no solid scientific foundation for the existence of sex-differences in multitasking. Reaction time and accuracy in dual task conditions have an inverse relationship relative to single task, independently from sex. While a more disseminated network, parallel to decreasing accuracy and reaction time has been demonstrated in dual task fMRI studies, little is known so far whether there exist respective sex-related differences in activation. Methods We subjected 20 women (mean age = 25.45; SD = 5.23) and 20 men (mean age = 27.55; SD = 4.00) to a combined verbal and spatial fMRI paradigm at 3.0T to assess sex-related skills, based on the assumption that generally women better perform in verbal tasks while men do better in spatial tasks. We also obtained behavioral tests for verbal and spatial intelligence, attention, executive functions, and working memory. Results No differences between women and men were observed in behavioral measures of dual-tasking or cognitive performance. Generally, brain activation increased with higher task load, mainly in the bilateral inferior and prefrontal gyri, the anterior cingulum, thalamus, putamen and occipital areas. Comparing sexes, women showed increased activation in the inferior frontal gyrus in the verbal dual-task while men demonstrated increased activation in the precuneus and adjacent visual areas in the spatial task. Conclusion Against the background of equal cognitive and behavioral dual-task performance in both sexes, we provide first evidence for sex-related activation differences in functional networks for verbal and spatial dual-tasking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Tschernegg
- Institute of Psychology, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Graz, Austria
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience and Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christa Neuper
- Institute of Psychology, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- Department of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Guilherme Wood
- Institute of Psychology, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Kronbichler
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience and Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Neuroscience Institute and Centre for Neurocognitive Research, Christian-Doppler-Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Franz Fazekas
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Enzinger
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Divisions of Neuroradiology, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Marisa Koini
- Department of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Stelzel C, Schauenburg G, Rapp MA, Heinzel S, Granacher U. Age-Related Interference between the Selection of Input-Output Modality Mappings and Postural Control-a Pilot Study. Front Psychol 2017; 8:613. [PMID: 28484411 PMCID: PMC5399084 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related decline in executive functions and postural control due to degenerative processes in the central nervous system have been related to increased fall-risk in old age. Many studies have shown cognitive-postural dual-task interference in old adults, but research on the role of specific executive functions in this context has just begun. In this study, we addressed the question whether postural control is impaired depending on the coordination of concurrent response-selection processes related to the compatibility of input and output modality mappings as compared to impairments related to working-memory load in the comparison of cognitive dual and single tasks. Specifically, we measured total center of pressure (CoP) displacements in healthy female participants aged 19–30 and 66–84 years while they performed different versions of a spatial one-back working memory task during semi-tandem stance on an unstable surface (i.e., balance pad) while standing on a force plate. The specific working-memory tasks comprised: (i) modality compatible single tasks (i.e., visual-manual or auditory-vocal tasks), (ii) modality compatible dual tasks (i.e., visual-manual and auditory-vocal tasks), (iii) modality incompatible single tasks (i.e., visual-vocal or auditory-manual tasks), and (iv) modality incompatible dual tasks (i.e., visual-vocal and auditory-manual tasks). In addition, participants performed the same tasks while sitting. As expected from previous research, old adults showed generally impaired performance under high working-memory load (i.e., dual vs. single one-back task). In addition, modality compatibility affected one-back performance in dual-task but not in single-task conditions with strikingly pronounced impairments in old adults. Notably, the modality incompatible dual task also resulted in a selective increase in total CoP displacements compared to the modality compatible dual task in the old but not in the young participants. These results suggest that in addition to effects of working-memory load, processes related to simultaneously overcoming special linkages between input- and output modalities interfere with postural control in old but not in young female adults. Our preliminary data provide further evidence for the involvement of cognitive control processes in postural tasks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Stelzel
- Division of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of PotsdamPotsdam, Germany.,International Psychoanalytic UniversityBerlin, Germany
| | - Gesche Schauenburg
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, University of PotsdamPotsdam, Germany
| | - Michael A Rapp
- Division of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of PotsdamPotsdam, Germany
| | - Stephan Heinzel
- Division of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of PotsdamPotsdam, Germany.,Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany
| | - Urs Granacher
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, University of PotsdamPotsdam, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Leone C, Feys P, Moumdjian L, D’Amico E, Zappia M, Patti F. Cognitive-motor dual-task interference: A systematic review of neural correlates. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 75:348-360. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
34
|
Strobach T, Torsten S. Mechanisms of Practice-Related Reductions of Dual-Task Interference with Simple Tasks: Data and Theory. Adv Cogn Psychol 2017; 13:28-41. [PMID: 28439319 PMCID: PMC5385484 DOI: 10.5709/acp-0204-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In dual-task situations, interference between two simultaneous tasks impairs performance. With practice, however, this impairment can be reduced. To identify mechanisms leading to a practice-related improvement in sensorimotor dual tasks, the present review applied the following general hypothesis: Sources that impair dual-task performance at the beginning of practice are associated with mechanisms for the reduction of dual-task impairment at the end of practice. The following types of processes provide sources for the occurrence of this impairment: (a) capacity-limited processes within the component tasks, such as response-selection or motor response stages, and (b) cognitive control processes independent of these tasks and thus operating outside of component-task performance. Dual-task practice studies show that, under very specific conditions, capacity-limited processes within the component tasks are automatized with practice, reducing the interference between two simultaneous tasks. Further, there is evidence that response-selection stages are shortened with practice. Thus, capacity limitations at these stages are sources for dual-task costs at the beginning of practice and are overcome with practice. However, there is no evidence demonstrating the existence of practice-related mechanisms associated with capacity-limited motor-response stages. Further, during practice, there is an acquisition of executive control skills for an improved allocation of limited attention resources to two tasks as well as some evidence supporting the assumption of improved task coordination. These latter mechanisms are associated with sources of dual-task interference operating outside of component task performance at the beginning of practice and also contribute to the reduction of dual-task interference at its end.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tilo Strobach
- Department of Psychology, Medical School Hamburg, Germany
| | - Schubert Torsten
- Institute for Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin,
Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Salo E, Salmela V, Salmi J, Numminen J, Alho K. Brain activity associated with selective attention, divided attention and distraction. Brain Res 2017; 1664:25-36. [PMID: 28363436 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Top-down controlled selective or divided attention to sounds and visual objects, as well as bottom-up triggered attention to auditory and visual distractors, has been widely investigated. However, no study has systematically compared brain activations related to all these types of attention. To this end, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure brain activity in participants performing a tone pitch or a foveal grating orientation discrimination task, or both, distracted by novel sounds not sharing frequencies with the tones or by extrafoveal visual textures. To force focusing of attention to tones or gratings, or both, task difficulty was kept constantly high with an adaptive staircase method. A whole brain analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed fronto-parietal attention networks for both selective auditory and visual attention. A subsequent conjunction analysis indicated partial overlaps of these networks. However, like some previous studies, the present results also suggest segregation of prefrontal areas involved in the control of auditory and visual attention. The ANOVA also suggested, and another conjunction analysis confirmed, an additional activity enhancement in the left middle frontal gyrus related to divided attention supporting the role of this area in top-down integration of dual task performance. Distractors expectedly disrupted task performance. However, contrary to our expectations, activations specifically related to the distractors were found only in the auditory and visual cortices. This suggests gating of the distractors from further processing perhaps due to strictly focused attention in the current demanding discrimination tasks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Salo
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Advanced Magnetic Imaging Centre, Aalto Neuroimaging, Aalto University School of Science and Technology, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Viljami Salmela
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Advanced Magnetic Imaging Centre, Aalto Neuroimaging, Aalto University School of Science and Technology, Espoo, Finland
| | - Juha Salmi
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Advanced Magnetic Imaging Centre, Aalto Neuroimaging, Aalto University School of Science and Technology, Espoo, Finland; Faculty of Arts, Psychology and Theology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Jussi Numminen
- Helsinki Medical Imaging Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kimmo Alho
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Advanced Magnetic Imaging Centre, Aalto Neuroimaging, Aalto University School of Science and Technology, Espoo, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Heinzel S, Rimpel J, Stelzel C, Rapp MA. Transfer Effects to a Multimodal Dual-Task after Working Memory Training and Associated Neural Correlates in Older Adults - A Pilot Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:85. [PMID: 28286477 PMCID: PMC5323430 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Working memory (WM) performance declines with age. However, several studies have shown that WM training may lead to performance increases not only in the trained task, but also in untrained cognitive transfer tasks. It has been suggested that transfer effects occur if training task and transfer task share specific processing components that are supposedly processed in the same brain areas. In the current study, we investigated whether single-task WM training and training-related alterations in neural activity might support performance in a dual-task setting, thus assessing transfer effects to higher-order control processes in the context of dual-task coordination. A sample of older adults (age 60–72) was assigned to either a training or control group. The training group participated in 12 sessions of an adaptive n-back training. At pre and post-measurement, a multimodal dual-task was performed in all participants to assess transfer effects. This task consisted of two simultaneous delayed match to sample WM tasks using two different stimulus modalities (visual and auditory) that were performed either in isolation (single-task) or in conjunction (dual-task). A subgroup also participated in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during the performance of the n-back task before and after training. While no transfer to single-task performance was found, dual-task costs in both the visual modality (p < 0.05) and the auditory modality (p < 0.05) decreased at post-measurement in the training but not in the control group. In the fMRI subgroup of the training participants, neural activity changes in left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) during one-back predicted post-training auditory dual-task costs, while neural activity changes in right DLPFC during three-back predicted visual dual-task costs. Results might indicate an improvement in central executive processing that could facilitate both WM and dual-task coordination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Heinzel
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany; Social and Preventive Medicine, University of PotsdamPotsdam, Germany; Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu BerlinBerlin, Germany
| | - Jérôme Rimpel
- Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Mainz, Germany
| | - Christine Stelzel
- Social and Preventive Medicine, University of PotsdamPotsdam, Germany; International Psychoanalytic UniversityBerlin, Germany; Berlin School of Mind and BrainBerlin, Germany
| | - Michael A Rapp
- Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Potsdam Potsdam, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Neuroticism related differences in the functional neuroanatomical correlates of multitasking. An fMRI study. Neurosci Lett 2016; 635:51-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
38
|
Liebherr M, Schubert P, Schiebener J, Kersten S, Haas CT. Dual-tasking and aging—About multiple perspectives and possible implementations in interventions for the elderly. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2016.1261440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Liebherr
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Institute of Complex Health Research, Hochschule Fresenius, University of Applied Sciences, Idstein, Germany
- Department of General Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Patric Schubert
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Institute of Complex Health Research, Hochschule Fresenius, University of Applied Sciences, Idstein, Germany
| | - Johannes Schiebener
- Department of General Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Kersten
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Institute of Complex Health Research, Hochschule Fresenius, University of Applied Sciences, Idstein, Germany
| | - Christian T. Haas
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Institute of Complex Health Research, Hochschule Fresenius, University of Applied Sciences, Idstein, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Transfer after Dual n-Back Training Depends on Striatal Activation Change. J Neurosci 2016; 36:10198-213. [PMID: 27683914 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2305-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The dual n-back working memory (WM) training paradigm (comprising auditory and visual stimuli) has gained much attention since studies have shown widespread transfer effects. By including a multimodal dual-task component, the task is demanding to the human cognitive system. We investigated whether dual n-back training improves general cognitive resources or a task-specific WM updating process in participants. We expected: (1) widespread transfer effects and the recruitment of a common neuronal network by the training and the transfer tasks and (2) narrower transfer results and that a common activation network alone would not produce transfer, but instead an activation focus on the striatum, which is associated with WM updating processes. The training group showed transfer to an untrained dual-modality WM updating task, but not to single-task versions of the training or the transfer task. They also showed diminished neuronal overlap between the training and the transfer task from pretest to posttest and an increase in striatal activation in both tasks. Furthermore, we found an association between the striatal activation increase and behavioral improvement. The control groups showed no transfer and no change in the amount of activation overlap or in striatal activation from pretest to posttest. We conclude that, instead of improving general cognitive resources (which would have required a transfer effect to all transfer tasks and that a frontal activation overlap between the tasks produced transfer), dual n-back training improved a task-specific process: WM updating of stimuli from two modalities. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The current study allows for a better understanding of the cognitive and neural effects of working memory (WM) training and transfer. It shows that dual n-back training mainly improves specific processes of WM updating, and this improvement leads to narrow transfer effects to tasks involving the same processes. On a neuronal level this is accompanied by increased neural activation in the striatum that is related to WM updating. The current findings challenge the view that dual n-back training provokes a general boosting of the WM system and of its neural underpinnings located in frontoparietal brain regions. Instead, the findings imply the relevance of task-specific brain regions which are involved in important cognitive processes during training and transfer tasks.
Collapse
|
40
|
Pillay S, Durgerian S, Sabri M. Perceptual demand and distraction interactions mediated by task-control networks. Neuroimage 2016; 138:141-146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.05.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
|
41
|
Becker M, Schubert T, Strobach T, Gallinat J, Kühn S. Simultaneous interpreters vs. professional multilingual controls: Group differences in cognitive control as well as brain structure and function. Neuroimage 2016; 134:250-260. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.03.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
42
|
Soutschek A, Taylor PCJ, Schubert T. The role of the dorsal medial frontal cortex in central processing limitation: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study. Exp Brain Res 2016; 234:2447-55. [PMID: 27083589 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-016-4649-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
When humans perform two tasks simultaneously, responses to the second task are increasingly delayed as the interval between the two tasks decreases (psychological refractory period). This delay of the second task is thought to reflect a central processing limitation at the response selection stage. However, the neural mechanisms underlying this central processing limitation remain unclear. Using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), we examined the role of the dorsal medial frontal cortex (dMFC) in a dual-task paradigm in which participants performed an auditory task 1 and a visual task 2. We found that dMFC TMS, relative to control conditions, reduced the psychological refractory period for task 2 processing, whereas we observed no dMFC TMS effects on task 1 processing. This suggests a causal role of the dMFC in coordinating response selection processes at the central bottleneck.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Soutschek
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany. .,Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Blumlisalpstrasse 10, 8006, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Paul C J Taylor
- German Center of Vertigo and Balance Disorders, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Torsten Schubert
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Strobach T, Antonenko D, Schindler T, Flöel A, Schubert T. Modulation of Executive Control in the Task Switching Paradigm With Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS). J PSYCHOPHYSIOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Executive processing in the task switching paradigm is primarily associated with activation of the lateral prefrontal cortex (lPFC), demonstrated in numerous functional imaging studies (e.g., Brass & von Cramon, 2002 ). However, there are only very few attempts to modulate neural activation related with executive functions and to investigate the effects of this modulation on the performance in this paradigm. To modulate lPFC activity here, we used the non-invasive transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS; atDCS [1 mA, 20 min] vs. ctDCS [1 mA, 20 min] vs. sham stimulation [1 mA, 30 s]) over the left inferior frontal junction under conditions of single tasks, task repetitions, and task switches in the task switching paradigm. We assessed the performance effects of online tDCS on mixing costs (single tasks vs. task repetitions) as well as on switching costs (task repetitions vs. task switches). In a within-subjects design across three sessions, there was no evidence of stimulation on the magnitude of these cost types. However, when taking a between-subjects perspective in the first session (i.e., after excluding dominant effects of task experience), atDCS showed an increase in mixing costs in contrast to ctDCS and sham. We interpreted this finding in the context of task switching theories on task activation and task inhibition and their neural localizations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tilo Strobach
- Department Psychology, Medical School Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt University Berlin, Germany
| | - Daria Antonenko
- Department of Neurology, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, and Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Tamara Schindler
- Department of Neurology, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, and Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Agnes Flöel
- Department of Neurology, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, and Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Increased integrity of white matter pathways after dual n-back training. Neuroimage 2016; 133:244-250. [PMID: 27001498 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dual n-back WM training has been shown to produce broad transfer effects to different untrained cognitive functions. The task is demanding to the cognitive system because it includes a bi-modal (auditory and visual) dual-task component. A previous WM training study showed increased white matter integrity in the parietal lobe as well as the anterior part of the corpus callosum after visual n-back training. We investigated dual n-back training-related changes in white matter pathways. We anticipated dual n-back training to increase white matter integrity in pathways that connect brain regions related to WM processes. Additionally, we hypothesized that dual n-back training would produce more brain-wide white matter changes than single n-back training because of the involvement of two modalities and the additional dual-task coordination component of the task. The dual n-back training group showed increased white matter integrity (reflected as increased fractional anisotropy, FA) after training. The effects were mostly left lateralized as compared with changes from pretest to posttest in the passive and active control groups. Additionally, significant effects were observed in the anterior part of the corpus callosum, when the training group was compared with the passive control group. There were no changes in pretest to posttest FA changes between the passive and active control groups. The results therefore show that dual n-back training produces increased integrity in white matter pathways connecting different brain regions. The results are discussed in reference to the bi-modal dual-task component of the training task.
Collapse
|
45
|
Szameitat AJ, Vanloo A, Müller HJ. Central as well as Peripheral Attentional Bottlenecks in Dual-Task Performance Activate Lateral Prefrontal Cortices. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:119. [PMID: 27014044 PMCID: PMC4792877 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human information processing suffers from severe limitations in parallel processing. In particular, when required to respond to two stimuli in rapid succession, processing bottlenecks may appear at central and peripheral stages of task processing. Importantly, it has been suggested that executive functions are needed to resolve the interference arising at such bottlenecks. The aims of the present study were to test whether central attentional limitations (i.e., bottleneck at the decisional response selection stage) as well as peripheral limitations (i.e., bottleneck at response initiation) both demand executive functions located in the lateral prefrontal cortex. For this, we re-analyzed two previous studies, in which a total of 33 participants performed a dual-task according to the paradigm of the psychological refractory period (PRP) during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In one study (N = 17), the PRP task consisted of two two-choice response tasks known to suffer from a central bottleneck (CB group). In the other study (N = 16), the PRP task consisted of two simple-response tasks known to suffer from a peripheral bottleneck (PB group). Both groups showed considerable dual-task costs in form of slowing of the second response in the dual-task (PRP effect). Imaging results are based on the subtraction of both single-tasks from the dual-task within each group. In the CB group, the bilateral middle frontal gyri and inferior frontal gyri were activated. Higher activation in these areas was associated with lower dual-task costs. In the PB group, the right middle frontal and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) were activated. Here, higher activation was associated with higher dual-task costs. In conclusion we suggest that central and peripheral bottlenecks both demand executive functions located in lateral prefrontal cortices (LPFC). Differences between the CB and PB groups with respect to the exact prefrontal areas activated and the correlational patterns suggest that the executive functions resolving interference at least partially differ between the groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André J Szameitat
- Division of Psychology and CUBIC, Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, UK
| | - Azonya Vanloo
- Division of Psychology and CUBIC, Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, UK
| | - Hermann J Müller
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Nagamatsu LS, Hsu CL, Voss MW, Chan A, Bolandzadeh N, Handy TC, Graf P, Beattie BL, Liu-Ambrose T. The Neurocognitive Basis for Impaired Dual-Task Performance in Senior Fallers. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:20. [PMID: 26903862 PMCID: PMC4746244 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Falls are a major health-care concern, and while dual-task performance is widely recognized as being impaired in those at-risk for falls, the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms remain unknown. A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms could lead to the refinement and development of behavioral, cognitive, or neuropharmacological interventions for falls prevention. Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional study with community-dwelling older adults aged 70-80 years with a history of falls (i.e., two or more falls in the past 12 months) or no history of falls (i.e., zero falls in the past 12 months); n = 28 per group. We compared functional activation during cognitive-based dual-task performance between fallers and non-fallers using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Executive cognitive functioning was assessed via Stroop, Trail Making, and Digit Span. Mobility was assessed via the Timed Up and Go test (TUG). We found that non-fallers exhibited significantly greater functional activation compared with fallers during dual-task performance in key regions responsible for resolving dual-task interference, including precentral, postcentral, and lingual gyri. Further, we report slower reaction times during dual-task performance in fallers and significant correlations between level of functional activation and independent measures of executive cognitive functioning and mobility. Our study is the first neuroimaging study to examine dual-task performance in fallers, and supports the notion that fallers have reduced functional brain activation compared with non-fallers. Given that dual-task performance-and the underlying neural concomitants-appears to be malleable with relevant training, our study serves as a launching point for promising strategies to reduce falls in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay S Nagamatsu
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - C Liang Hsu
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British ColumbiaVancouver, BC, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British ColumbiaVancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michelle W Voss
- Department of Psychology, University of Iowa Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Alison Chan
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Todd C Handy
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Peter Graf
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - B Lynn Beattie
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Teresa Liu-Ambrose
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British ColumbiaVancouver, BC, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British ColumbiaVancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Alavash M, Hilgetag CC, Thiel CM, Gießing C. Persistency and flexibility of complex brain networks underlie dual-task interference. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 36:3542-62. [PMID: 26095953 PMCID: PMC6869626 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies on multitasking suggest that performance decline during concurrent task processing arises from interfering brain modules. Here, we used graph-theoretical network analysis to define functional brain modules and relate the modular organization of complex brain networks to behavioral dual-task costs. Based on resting-state and task fMRI we explored two organizational aspects potentially associated with behavioral interference when human subjects performed a visuospatial and speech task simultaneously: the topological overlap between persistent single-task modules, and the flexibility of single-task modules in adaptation to the dual-task condition. Participants showed a significant decline in visuospatial accuracy in the dual-task compared with single visuospatial task. Global analysis of topological similarity between modules revealed that the overlap between single-task modules significantly correlated with the decline in visuospatial accuracy. Subjects with larger overlap between single-task modules showed higher behavioral interference. Furthermore, lower flexible reconfiguration of single-task modules in adaptation to the dual-task condition significantly correlated with larger decline in visuospatial accuracy. Subjects with lower modular flexibility showed higher behavioral interference. At the regional level, higher overlap between single-task modules and less modular flexibility in the somatomotor cortex positively correlated with the decline in visuospatial accuracy. Additionally, higher modular flexibility in cingulate and frontal control areas and lower flexibility in right-lateralized nodes comprising the middle occipital and superior temporal gyri supported dual-tasking. Our results suggest that persistency and flexibility of brain modules are important determinants of dual-task costs. We conclude that efficient dual-tasking benefits from a specific balance between flexibility and rigidity of functional brain modules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Alavash
- Department of Psychology, Biological Psychology LabEuropean Medical School, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg26111OldenburgGermany
| | - Claus C. Hilgetag
- Department of Computational NeuroscienceUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf20246HamburgGermany
- Department of Health SciencesBoston UniversityBostonMassachusetts02215
| | - Christiane M. Thiel
- Department of Psychology, Biological Psychology LabEuropean Medical School, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg26111OldenburgGermany
- Research Center Neurosensory ScienceCarl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg26111OldenburgGermany
| | - Carsten Gießing
- Department of Psychology, Biological Psychology LabEuropean Medical School, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg26111OldenburgGermany
- Research Center Neurosensory ScienceCarl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg26111OldenburgGermany
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Wong CN, Chaddock-Heyman L, Voss MW, Burzynska AZ, Basak C, Erickson KI, Prakash RS, Szabo-Reed AN, Phillips SM, Wojcicki T, Mailey EL, McAuley E, Kramer AF. Brain activation during dual-task processing is associated with cardiorespiratory fitness and performance in older adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2015; 7:154. [PMID: 26321949 PMCID: PMC4532928 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with better cognitive performance and enhanced brain activation. Yet, the extent to which cardiorespiratory fitness-related brain activation is associated with better cognitive performance is not well understood. In this cross-sectional study, we examined whether the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and executive function was mediated by greater prefrontal cortex activation in healthy older adults. Brain activation was measured during dual-task performance with functional magnetic resonance imaging in a sample of 128 healthy older adults (59–80 years). Higher cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with greater activation during dual-task processing in several brain areas including the anterior cingulate and supplementary motor cortex (ACC/SMA), thalamus and basal ganglia, right motor/somatosensory cortex and middle frontal gyrus, and left somatosensory cortex, controlling for age, sex, education, and gray matter volume. Of these regions, greater ACC/SMA activation mediated the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and dual-task performance. We provide novel evidence that cardiorespiratory fitness may support cognitive performance by facilitating brain activation in a core region critical for executive function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea N Wong
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL, USA ; The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Laura Chaddock-Heyman
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Michelle W Voss
- Department of Psychology, University of Iowa Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Agnieszka Z Burzynska
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Chandramallika Basak
- The Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kirk I Erickson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ruchika S Prakash
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amanda N Szabo-Reed
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Siobhan M Phillips
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thomas Wojcicki
- Exercise Science, Lansing School of Nursing and Health Sciences, Bellarmine University Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Emily L Mailey
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Edward McAuley
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Arthur F Kramer
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Laguë-Beauvais M, Fraser SA, Desjardins-Crépeau L, Castonguay N, Desjardins M, Lesage F, Bherer L. Shedding light on the effect of priority instructions during dual-task performance in younger and older adults: A fNIRS study. Brain Cogn 2015; 98:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
50
|
Domain-general involvement of the posterior frontolateral cortex in time-based resource-sharing in working memory: An fMRI study. Neuroimage 2015; 115:104-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|